专四语法第13节虚拟语气
专四语法精讲-虚拟语气(内部资料)
if only和would that后用虚拟语气：谓语 动词用一般过去时表示现在没有实现的 的愿望，用过去完成时表示过去没有实 现的愿望，常译为“要是….就好了”。 例如：If only she had known where to find you. Would that I had seen her before she died. 在她死前我能见她一面就好了
Subjunctive Mood
虚拟条件句
条件从句 与现在事实相反 If I (we, you, he, she, it, they)+ 动词过去式（be动词的过去式 一律用were） 与过去事实相反 If I (we, you, he, she, it, they) + had +过去分词 If I (we, you, he, she, it, they) +would have +过去 分词 与将来事实相反 A式：一般过去式 B式：were +不定式 C式：should + 动词原形 Would (should) +动词原 形 结果主句 I (we, you, he, she, it, they) + would +动词原形
What would people say about him, whose wife should take bribes?
要是他的妻子接受贿赂的话，人们会怎样说他呢？ （定语从句）
含蓄条件句：有些句子中，没有任何表 示虚拟语气的词、短语或从句，但仍要 用虚拟语气。这是要么是省略了表示虚 拟语气的部分，要么隐含在上下文中， 称为含蓄条件句。 例如：I would do anything for you. (if I could)
英语专四语法总结—虚拟语气【卧龙雪痕】
英语专四语法总结—虚拟语气【卧龙雪痕整理】【南阳师范学院外国语学院】虚拟语气1.主从句谓语动词的时态(1)掌握主从句谓语动词的规范搭配：主句从句与现在事实相反would/情态动词过去式+do were (不分人称)/did与过去事实相反would/情态动词过去式+have done had done与将来事实相反would/情态动词过去式+do should do / were to do如：If the doctor had been available, the child could not have died.There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, should there be a sudden loud noise.(2)区分主从句表示的不同时间概念：主从句谓语动词所指时间不同，这叫做错综时间条件句，动词形式应根据实际情况来调整。
如：Had it not been for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is.(主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反)Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he would be our chairman now.(主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反)(3)识别事实和假设混合句：Your math instructor would have been happy to give you a make-up examination had you gone and explained that your parents were ill at the time.(句子前半部分为假设情况，而“父母病了”是事实)I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I was fully occupied the whole of last week.前半部分为假设，后半部分是事实)2.名词性从句的虚拟形式名词性从句是指宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
专业四级考试语法-虚拟语气(全).docx
Subjunctive Mood1. 语气 Mood语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对一事物和人的态度和看法。
包括陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气三种。
陈述语气表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。
①T here are two sides to every question. 每个问题都有两个方面。
②Were you busy all day yesterday 昨天一整天你都很忙吗③How good a teacher she is! 她是多好的一位老师啊！祈使语气祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。
Never be late again! 再也不要迟到了。
Don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。
虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
①I f I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。
②I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。
③May you succeed! 祝您成功！虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达未能成为事实或者不可能成为事实的情况，或者在说话人看来实现可能性很小的情况。
此外还可用来表示命令、建议、设想、祝愿（或诅咒）等等，以及表达说话人的主观愿望。
时间从句谓语形式主句谓语形式动词过去式 (be 用 were)将来should +动词原形would / should / might / could +动词原形were to +动词原形现在动词过去式(be用were)would / should / might / could +动词原形过去had +动词过去分词情态动词 + have donecould have done本来可以- - -might have done本来可能- - -should / ought to have done本来应该做- - -shouldn ’ t / ought not to have done 本不该做- -would / should / might / could have +动词过去分词你本不应该告诉她真相。
英语四级高级语法讲解：虚拟语气
英语四级高级语法讲解：虚拟语气虚拟语气是说话者用来表示假设，或难以实现的情况，而非客观存在的事实，所陈述的是一个条件，不一定是事实，甚至完全与事实相反。
下面是作者整理的英语四级高级语法讲解：虚拟语气，欢迎大家阅读学习。
引导的虚拟语气2.倒装形式Were I you(=if I were you),I would get up early in the morning.Had you arrived at the station ten minutes earlier yesterday(=If you had arrived…),you could have caught the train.Should it rain(=If it should rain),the crops would be saved.It is time that ...Would rather that.....(1)I would rather he came tomorrow than today.(2)John would rather that she had not gone to the party yesterday evening.(3)I would rather everything hadn t happened in the past.“It is(was)+形容词(或过去分词)+that……”结构中的虚拟语气is necessary that we(should 可省略,下同)have a walk now.was necessary that we(should) make everything ready ahead of time.is required that nobody(should) smoke here.is important that every pupil(should) be able to understand the rule of school.练习’ll be busy this he ___ free,he ___ to the cinema with you.to be; might go going to be; will gobe; might have gone ; will goEdison died,it was proposed that the American people _____ all power in their homes,streets,and factories for several minutes in honor of this great man.off offturn off turned offI known her name,_____.does she know mine? where does she live?would have invited her to lunch would be beautiful’d rather you ______ by train,because I cant bear the idea of your being in an airplane in such bad weather.go gogonevictim ________(本来会有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time.would have a chance to survive(翻译)professor required that ________(我们交研究报告)。
专四——虚拟语气
在表示命令、建议或要求等动词后的宾语从句中要 求用虚拟语气，从句谓语形式 ：should+ 动词原 形。
It is +形容词/名词/过去分词/+that引导的主语从 句，从句谓语形式 ：should+ 动词原形。
Lest, in case, for fear that”以防，万一”引导目 的状语从句常用虚拟语气，从句谓语形式： should+ 动词原形。 Lest, for fear that从句中 should可省去， in case从句中should通常不省 去
4.在wh-ever, however ，no matter,等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气的结构为： may+ 动词原形 （指现在或将来）或 may+完成式（指过去)，主句结构不限。
Should/would/could/might+ have+过去分词
Should/would/could/might+ 动词原形
省略if虚拟条件句的用法 在虚拟条件句中，如果从句中含有were,had,或should等词时，可将if省略，把were,had或should
等提到主语之前，引起倒装。
Eg: Had you not helped me, I should have failed.
虚拟语气
副标题
If非真实条件句中的基本用法
假设类型 与现在事实相反
与过去事实相反
与将来事实相反
条件从句谓语动词形式 一般过去式（be用were）
Had+过去分词
动词过去式，（should+）动词 原形，were ld/could/might+ 动词原形
其他句型虚拟语气
专四语法第13节-虚拟语气
第十三节虚拟语气虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达假设、主观愿望、猜测、建议、可能或纯粹的空想等非真实情况。
一if非真实条件句中的虚拟语气1.if非真实条件句的基本用法由if引导的非真实条件句表示对现在、过去、将来的事实进行假设时，主句与从句中谓语动The victim would have had a chance to survive if he had been taken to hospital in time.遇难者如果及时送往医院，他本来就有机会活下来的。
（与过去事实相反）If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you.如果我知道他的电话号码，我会告诉你。
（与现在事实相反）If there should be a heavy snow next Sunday,we would not go skating.如果下周日下大雪的话，我们就不去滑冰了。
（表将来）[专四真题] I f there were no subjunctive mood, English ______ much easier to learn.could have been B. would be C. will be D. would have been译文：如果没有虚拟语气，英语学习起来就会更容易了。
分析：本题表示与现在事实相反的假设。
表现与现在事实相反，条件从句用一般过去时，主句使用should(would)+动词原形，故B为答案。
A项could have been 是对过去事实的假设，与从句所表示的现在事实不吻合；C项will be 不可以用于虚拟语气中；D 是与过去事实相反的假设的虚拟语气从句形式。
2.省略if的虚拟条件句的用法在虚拟条件句中，如果从句中含有were, had或should等词时，可将if省去，把were, had 或should等提到主句之前，引起倒装。
专四常考语法结构3虚拟语气
If only the committee __ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible A approve B will approve C can approve D would approve D 注意：当if only后的句子表示与现在或将来事实 相反，该用动词过去式来表示虚拟语气，而选 项中又没有时，可以采用这种形式：would + 动词原形。
• I insist that we_______ (go) there by bus. • He susggested that we _________ (leave) early. • The judge ordered that the prisoner________ (be) sentenced to 30 days in jail.
• I wish I were as tall as you. 我 希望和你一样高。 He wished he hadn’t said that. 他希望他没讲那样的话。 I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。
• 2）Wish to do表达法。 Wish sb / sth to do I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. I wish the manager to be informed at once. (= I want the manager to be informed at once.)
错综时态的虚拟语气
• 错综时态的虚拟语气即指主句和从句在 表达是与什么时态的事实相反上并不一 致（比如主句要表达与现在事实相反而 从句要表达与过去事实相反），这种情 况要采用“对号入座”的方法来处理， 即主从句结构分别采用与其表达时态对 应的结构。Eg.
专四语法第13节-虚拟语气
第十三节虚拟语气虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达假设、主观愿望、猜测、建议、可能或纯粹的空想等非真实情况。
一if非真实条件句中的虚拟语气1.if非真实条件句的基本用法由if引导的非真实条件句表示对现在、过去、将来的事实进行假设时，主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可以分为以下三类：The victim would have had a chance to survive if he had been taken to hospital in time.遇难者如果及时送往医院，他本来就有机会活下来的。
（与过去事实相反）If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you.如果我知道他的电话号码，我会告诉你。
（与现在事实相反）If there should be a heavy snow next Sunday,we would not go skating.如果下周日下大雪的话，我们就不去滑冰了。
（表将来）[专四真题] If there were no subjunctive mood, English ______ much easier to learn. could have been B. would be C. will be D. would have been译文：如果没有虚拟语气，英语学习起来就会更容易了。
分析：本题表示与现在事实相反的假设。
表现与现在事实相反，条件从句用一般过去时，主句使用should(would)+动词原形，故B为答案。
A项could have been 是对过去事实的假设，与从句所表示的现在事实不吻合；C项will be 不可以用于虚拟语气中；D 是与过去事实相反的假设的虚拟语气从句形式。
2.省略if的虚拟条件句的用法在虚拟条件句中，如果从句中含有were, had或should等词时，可将if省去，把were, had或should等提到主句之前，引起倒装。
专四语法虚拟语气只是课件
与过去事实相反
动词的过去完成式(had 动词的过去分词)
+
might) + have + 的过去分词
动词
1.动词的过去式（be 为 Would (should,re + 不定式
might) + 动词原形
3. should + 动词原形
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一.考点分类 - 从句省略连词if的虚拟语气
A. If, had
B. Have, had
C. Should, have D. in case, had
[C]
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一. 考点分类 - 从句省略连词if的虚拟语气
1. be动词were提到从句主语的前面。 • Were I you, I would take an umbrella with me. • There is a real possibility that these animals
[B]
注：省略if倒装，时态用过去完成时；主句的时间副 词是now， 但是事实上该考试成绩已经出来了，所 以用B。
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一. 考点分类 - 从句省略连词if的虚拟语气
真题举例及分析
例2: ______ you ______ further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice. （2005：63）
C. was
D. were
[A]
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例2：If only the patient______ a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now.（2007:54） A. had received B. received C.should receive D.were receiving
英语专业四级词汇语法辅导-虚拟语气、非谓语动词
It’s (high, about) time that 句型中that从句中要求用虚拟语气形式，即动词要用过去式。
虚拟语气的几个句型
添加标题
if it were not for…与现在事实相反， if it had not been for与过去事实相反，两个都相当于but for：
虚拟语气的几个句型
whether it (he) be …or…意为“不管（不论）是……还是……”，表示让步，为虚拟语气的一种表示方法，其省略结构为be it…or…, be he…or等，必须用倒装。例如：
Be he what he may, he should obey the rules.
虚拟语气的几个句型
虚拟语气的几个句型
添加标题
添加标题
添加标题
虚拟语气的几个句型
would rather +
动词过去式（与现在或将来事实相反） had + 过去分词（与过去事实相反）
do… (than do…) 宁愿…(而不…) sb. +
虚拟语气的几个句型
had hoped/thought引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为would+动词原形，表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。 His father had hoped that his son would go to business with him, but his son became an artist later.
虚拟语气常用句型
虚拟语气常用句型
NOTE: 当suggest意为“暗示”，insist意为“坚持认为（一个事实）”时，其后的宾语从句中不用虚拟语气。例如： Her face suggested (暗示) that she was ill. So I suggested (建议) that she (should) be sent to the hospital immediately. He insisted that he was right. 她坚持认为自己是对的。
专四语法虚拟语气PPT课件
CHENLI
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一. 考点分类 - 从句省略连词if的虚拟语气
练习：
1: _______ right now, she would get there on Sunday．
A. Would she leave B. If she leaves C. Were she to leave D. If she had left
与现在事实相反
3. If I had taken your advice, I wouldn’t have made a mistake.
4. If he had been there, it wouldn’t have happened.
与过去事实相反
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5. If it should rain tomorrow, they wouldn’t go for an outing.
CHENLI
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虚拟语气
Subjunctive Mood
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虚拟语气概要：
1.现代英语中有三种语气： 1）陈述语气（indicative mood） 2）祈使语气（imperative mood） 3）虚拟语气（subjunctive mood）
2.定义：用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可 能发生或可能性比较小的情况，而是一种愿望， 建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。
A. If, had
B. Have, had
C. Should, have D. in case, had
[C]
CHENLI
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一. 考点分类 - 从句省略连词if的虚拟语气
1. be动词were提到从句主语的前面。
【优质文档】专四语法虚拟语气
二,虚拟语气Ⅰ.条件状语从句中的虚拟语气①.基本形式 if 从句主句与现在相反过去时（were） would/could/should/might+ do与过去相反过去完成时would/could/should/might+havedone与将来相反 were to would/could/should/might+ doshould/could▲should也可以引导一个条件句,但所假设的事一般不会发生，且后面的主句（一般为祈使句）不能倒装。
②.倒装：如果条件句中的谓语动词含有were,should,had时，可以省略if，把三个词放在主语之前构成倒装，如果句子是否定句，not不跟着提前。
Eg. If he had come a little earlier, I might have met him.Had he come a little earlier, I might have met him.If he were to leave tomorrow, I would go with go with him.Were he to leave tomorrow, I would go with him.③.错综时间的虚拟条件状语Eg. If I had studied hard, I would be in a very comfortable office now.If you were older, I would have let you go yesterday.④.含蓄的虚拟条件状语从句：无if从句的出现，用其他形式表示出虚拟的意义，常见的词和词组：without, in the absence of,Otherwise, but for, butEg. Without your help, I couldn't have done it well.If you had not helped me, I couldn't have done it well.In the absence of water, plants couldn't grow well.If there were no water, plants couldn't grow well.He was held up in the traffic, otherwise, he wouldn't have been late If he hadn't been held up in the traffic, he couldn't have been late.But for the rain, our trip would have been pleasant.But for the rain, we would have a pleasant trip.If it hadn't rain, we would have a pleasant trip.I could have written the paper before, but I was still.II.其他状语从句中的定语从句ⅰ.让步状语从句在whethe r…or，though,no matter等引导的状语从句中，谓语经常用should/may+v.原，在这个句型中，可以将whether省略（or不可省），though，no matter省略，再省略should和may，而把动词be放在主语前面，构成倒装Eg. Everything around us, whether it may be/should be air, orwater, or stone, is matter.Everything around us, be it air or water, or stone, ismatter.Though he should/may be too weak to walk too much, I willadvise him to walk a little every day.Be he too weak to walk too much, I will advise him to walka little every day.ⅱ.在lest,in case,for fear that…引导的原因状语从句中，从句经常用should+v.原表示虚拟，其中in case可用陈述语气。
专四之虚拟语气
为were)
+ 动词原形
与过去事实相 动词的过去完成
反
式(had +动词的
过去分词)
Would (should,
could, might) + have + 动词的过 去分词
与将来事实相 1. 动词的过去式 Would (should,
反
（be 为were） could, might) +
2. Were + 不定式 动词原形
在某些从句中的应用
►1) 在表示愿望、建议、命令等主观意向的主 语从句中：
►以下真题都属于虚拟语气在表示主观意向或 祈使语气的主语从句中的应用，that从句使 用“(should)+动词原形”的形式。
►这种虚拟结构常见有：it is desired, it is suggested, it is requested, it was ordered, it was proposed, it is necessary (important, essential, imperative, advisable, desirable, preferable, better, best, proper, vital, crucial, etc.), it has been decided。
TEM 4 系列辅导
虚拟语气概要：
现代英语中有三种语气： 1.陈述语气（indicative mood） 2.祈使语气（imperative mood） 3.虚拟语气（subjunctive mood）
虚拟条件句结构表
If 从句
主句
与现在事实相 动词的过去式(be Would (should)
反
► 答案：A。通常情况下，虚拟条件从句如果使用的 是过去完成时，主句则使用“would + have done” 形式，表示对过去情况的假设。但当条件从句表示 的动作和主句表示的动作，发生的时间不一致时， 比如这句话，条件从句是对过去情况的假设，而主 句却是对被提问者现场当时感受的假设，主句动词 的形式就要根据表示的时间调整，采用“would + 动词原形”的形式。这种句子可以成为“错综时间 条件句”。有时情况跟此句正好相反，如：If you were in better health, we would have allowed you to join them in the work.
英语专业四级虚拟语气语法考点
英语专业四级虚拟语气语法考点英语专业四级虚拟语气语法考点专四语法考点虚拟语气、情态动词、非谓语动词、复合句、倒装、小语法(省略，时态，反义疑问句，代词，强调句，主谓一致，冠词，形容词及副词)、as的特殊用法。
以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的英语专业四级虚拟语气语法考点，希望能给大家带来帮助!英语专四语法考点串讲之一虚拟语气一般说来，有下列几种考点需要考生注意(十考点及两备考点)考点1. 与现在事实相反从句谓语动词用did(be用were)，主句谓语动词would(should,could,might)+do;考点2. 与过去事实相反从句谓语动词用had done，主句谓语动词用 would(should,could,might)+ have done;例如：43.I _________the party much more if there hadn’t been quite such a crowd of people there.A. would enjoyB. will have enjoyedC. would have enjoyedD. will be enjoying49.All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _________ quite such a crowd of people there.A. weren’tB. hasn’t beenC. hadn’t beenD. wouldn’t考点3.与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用：did(should+do或were + to do)，主句谓语动词用：would(should,could,might)+do。
例如：43. If your car ___ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer.(08年)• A. shall need C. would need• B. should need D. will need考点4. 时态的交叉现象，也就是主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段例如：If you had gone to see the doctor，you would be all right now.你要是早去看病,你现在就没事了。
专四语法讲解(虚拟语气)
1. 虚拟条件句
1. 形式
虚拟条件句包括与现在事实相反的虚拟条 件句和与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，以 及将来实现可能性很小或根本不可能实现 的虚拟条件句。
主 句(principal clause) 与现在事实相反 would/情态动词 Contrary to what is (Model Verbs)过去 式+do now
(2)区分主从句表示的不同时间概念： 主从句谓语动词所指时间不同，这叫做错综时间 条件句，动词形式应根据实际情况来调整。如： Had it not been for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is. (主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反) Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he would be our chairman now. (主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反)
真题举例：
1. Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she _____ much better results now. A. would be getting B. could have got C. must get D. would get [D] 2. _____ if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand ? A. Would you be surprised B. Were you surprised C. Had you been surprised D. Would you have been surprised [A]
专四英语之虚拟语气用法和主谓一致知识讲解
一、虚拟语气用法讲解英语有三种语气，即陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气二、带虚拟条件的虚拟语气1. 真实条件句和非真实条件句条件句有真实条件句和非真实(虚拟)条件句两种。
真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的，而非真实条件句则通常表示一种假想，与事实相反或不大可能会发生：If I have time, I will go with them. 假若我有时间，我就同他们去。
(陈述语气) If I were you, I would go with them. 假若我是你，我就同他们去。
(虚拟语气) 2. 虚拟条件句的三种基本类型(1) 若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”：If you took a taxi，you’d get there quicker. 如果你坐出租车去，你可以快一点到那里。
(但你没有坐出租车)If I knew her number I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码，我就可以给她打电话了。
(可惜我不知道)(2) 若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”：If I had left sooner，I would have been on time. 要是我早点动身，我就准时到了。
(但我动身太迟了) 【I had left缩写I’d left；I would have been缩写为I’d have been】If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life. 要是我们当时早点找到他的话，我们就可以救活他。
(可惜我们找到他太晚了)(3) 若与将来事实相反：条件从句a)If+主语+动词过去式;b)If+主语+were to+动词原形;c)If+主语+should+动词原形(注意不能是would)。
大学英语语法--虚拟语气ppt课件
虚拟条件句中的省略和倒装
• 若符合下面条件，可以省略if： • ①必须是非真实条件句，真实条件句不可省略if。 • ②只有当非真实条件句中有were, had, should, would等 词时，才可以省略if。 • ③省略if时，主语与were, had, should 的位置必须相互调 换。 • 例：If I should meet her, I would tell her. • =should I meet her, I would tell her. • If I were in your position, I would do it better. • =Were I in your position ,I would do it better. •
虚拟语气在含蓄条件句中的使用
• 有些句子不含条件从句，但意思和条件句差不多， 这种句子称为含蓄条件句，在这种句子中也可能需 用虚拟语气。 • 在这些句子中，假设的情况不以条件从句表示出 来，而是暗含在上下文中，比如通过介词短语或分 词短语来表示。 这些介词常常是：but for（要不是）， without（没有），otherwise（否则）等。
大学英语语法--虚拟语 气
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1 2 3 总述
虚拟语气在条件句中的用法
虚拟语气在从句中的用法
总述
• 什么是虚拟语气？ 虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的 一种意愿，假设，怀疑，猜测，建议等含义。 虚拟语气所示的不是客观存在的事实。
一、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法
• 条件句分为两类： • 一类可能成为现实的情况，称为真实条件句。
虚拟语气在含蓄条件句中的使用
1、用with，without等介词短语，分词短语或者独立主 格结构来替代条件从句。 例如：we might have died without your help. =we might have died if you hadn’t helped us. 如果没有你们的帮助，我们早就死了。
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Sometｉmｅs I wiｓh Ilived in a diffｅrent timｅaｎd a difｆereｎt plaｃe.有时候我希望自己生活在一个不同的时间和空间里。（表现在）
IｗｉshＩｗereasｓtrong aｓyｏu.我希望像你一样健壮。(表现在)
分析:本题表示与现在事实相反的假设。表现与现在事实相反,条件从句用一般过去时,主句使用sｈoｕｌd(wｏuld)+动词原形,故B为答案。Ａ项couｌd have bｅen是对过去事实的假设,与从句所表示的现在事实不吻合;C项wｉllbe不可以用于虚拟语气中；D是与过去事实相反的假设的虚拟语气从句形式。
2．省略if的虚拟条件句的用法
在虚拟条件句中,如果从句中含有ｗeｒe,haｄ或shoｕld等词时,可将iｆ省去，把ｗeｒe,ｈad或should等提到主句之前，引起倒装。如果句中没有ｗｅre,had或ｓhｏuld等,则不能省略iｆ，也不能用倒装结构。
[专四真题]_＿___foｒtheｆaｃtthａtshｅbrokｅherleg,shemight pａssｅd thｅexam．
[专四真题]_＿__ifＩhaｄarｒiｖeｄyｅsｔeｒdａy wｉthouｔlｅtting yoｕknoｗ ｂefoｒehａnd?
A.WoulｄyouｂeｓurpriseｄB.Wｅreyou surｐrised
Ｃ.Ｈａd yoｕｂeeｎsurprisedD.Ｗoｕldyｏu bｅen suｒprised
［专四真题］Iftherｅｗｅrｅｎo subjunctive mood，Engliｓｈ__＿＿＿_ much eaｓier to learn.
could have beenB． ｗouｌd beＣ.ｗｉｌl beD. wｏuｌd have been
译文：如果没有虚拟语气,英语学习起来就会更容易了。
Haｄit nｏｔbｅenＢ.Ｈadn’ｔit bｅｅｎC．Was itｎoｔＤ.Ｗere it noｔ
译文：要不是因为摔断了腿,他或许已经通过了考试。
分析:由于主语从句使用了mighｔhaｖe done结构，说明此句表示的内容与过去事实相反，故条件状语从句中应该使用ｈad doｎe结构。若要将虚拟条件句中的连词省去,则需将助动词提到主语前面，否定词位置不变，因此A项Hadｉt notｂeｅn为正确答案。
IfＩknｅwhistｅｌephoneｎumｂer,Iwoｕldｔeｌl you.如果我知道他的电话号码，我会告诉你。（与现在事实相反）
Ｉf tｈeｒｅshｏuld be aｈeaｖysｎowneｘtＳunday,we would noｔgo sｋaｔｉｎg.如果下周日下大雪的话，我们就不去滑冰了。（表将来）
3.错综时间虚拟条件句
有些时候,条件从句表示的动作和主语表示的动作发生在不同的时间，比如一个是过去发生的,一个是现在发生的。这时，主句和从句的谓语动词要根据自己所指的不同时间选用适当的虚拟形式。如:Iｆｔｈeｙｈad inｖiｔed me，Ｉwoulｄgｏwith thｅm nｏw.如果他邀请过我，我现在就和他们一起走了。
１．if非真实条件句的基本用法
由if引导的非真实条件句表示对现在、过去、将来的事实进行假设时，主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可以分为以下三类：
假设类型
条件从句谓语动词形式
主语谓语动词形式
与现在事实相反
动词过去式(ｂe用were)
sｈould/ｗouｌd／ｃould/mighｔ+动词原形
与过去事实相反
haｄ+过去分词
ｓhoｕld/wｏｕld/could／mighｔ+have+过去分词
与将来事实相反
动词过去式,（should+)动词原形,werｅｔo+动词原形
should/wouｌｄ/could/mighｔ+动词原形
Theｖiｃｔiｍｗｏuldhａｖehaｄa cｈａncetoｓuｒvｉvｅｉｆｈeｈａｄｂeenｔakenｔohｏｓpitalｉnｔｉme.遇难者如果及时送往医院，他本来就有机会活下来的。(与过去事实相反）
Heｄidｎ’t go tｏ ｔhｅparty, but he dｏeｓwｉｓｈhｅｈaｄｂeeｎthere．他没有去舞会,不过他很希望自己当时在那里。(表过去)
But foｒtheirhelｐ, weｃｏuld not haveｆinisheｄtheｗoｒkoｎtime．要不是他们的帮助,我们就不可能按时完成那项工作。（表过去)
Without elｅctricity, thereｗoulｄnｏtｂeｍoｄernｉndustry.没有电，就没有现代工业。（表现在)
Inthe abseｎceofgrａvｉty,there woulｄbenoairaroundthｅeaｒth．如果没有重力，地球周围就没有空气。பைடு நூலகம்表现在)
三宾语从句中的虚拟语气
1．wiｓh引导的宾语从句中的虚拟语气主要形式为:
表示对现在的假设时,从句的谓语动词为一般过去式(be动词用werｅ)。
表示对过去的假设时,从句的谓语动词为“haｄ+过去分词”或“could/wｏｕlｄhａvｅ+过去分词”。
专四语法第13节-虚拟语气
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第十三节虚拟语气
虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种特殊形式,用来表达假设、主观愿望、猜测、建议、可能或纯粹的空想等非真实情况。
一if非真实条件句中的虚拟语气
译文：如果我昨天不事先打招呼就来了,你会觉得吃惊吗?
分析:这是一个错综时间虚拟条件句。从句是对过去事实的假设，而主句问的是回答者现在的感受，因此主句应该为Would yｏu beｓurpｒised,答案为Ａ。
二介词或介词短语表示虚拟条件
有些介词或介词短语隐含条件之义，其虚拟形式与ｉf引导的非真实条件状语从句类似,需根据从句所用的时态,来选择主句的谓语形式。这些词包括：wｉthｏut(没有)，ｂutｆｏr（要不是),iｎthe absenceof(如果没有)，weｒe it notｆｏｒ(要是没有),ｂut tｈat(若不是）等。