京华烟云英文简介
京华烟云的英文读后感
京华烟云的英文读后感京华烟云的英文读后感"Moment in Peking" ,an epic of modern China. It recorded the Chinese history from 1900 to 1938, which will never be forgotten. This novel is the greatest work of Mr. Lin Yutang in his 25 books in both Chinese and English. It painted a vivid scene of Modern China . "Moment in Peking," the name of this book attracted me, I could not help but want to understand the whole story under the layers of clouds . It attracted me to understand the history of this land I grew up in . In my view ,this book mainly heroined Mulan Yao as the line , reflecting the Chinese society in that time that stretch from the comfort but corruption everywhere towarded explosive expansion at the end ,but also filled with unity and hope. Yao Mulan, one was born in Beijing, the daughter of wealthy family,. She wasn't pride and pampered as a Golden Bough's Pride and delicate green leaves, neither with the traditional stereotypes. she is completely a magnolia flower, elegant ,pure and clever. she is a woman with the quality of Both pliaBility and hardness. The story had written the whole of her life from Mulan's childhood to her death. It worte her funs of childhood; worte her love deeply buried in the bottom of heart; wrote her happy marriage; worte her the pain of dead daughter; wrote her the good deeds in the way to flee and the thought under the influence of Taoism Thinking. The story displayed the old Chinese culture, politics and lifeis through the fate of two families. Various character personalities of various walks of life bringed to the city a thousand sensations. There is the painter Qi Baishi,philosopher Lin Qinlan, ideological radical young students, fearing not death advanced youth, extravagant dissolute politicians returned overseas scholars, as well as some wealthy businessmen, a Taoist monk, the Japanese officers and prostitutes. There is a sense that you will be within this story after reading. The book's leading light is one of the natural Taoism. It seems full of wisdom. It seems that thelife and death, wealth, the sweets and bitters of life wassaw through. That made me feel deep respect for Zhuang Zi. Zhuangzi's philosophy in the book affected the Si Yao ,Yao Mulan and Kongli Cardiff. "Moment in Peking" is the treasure that the older generation left for our young people. Theywant us to remember our history. It is a book that need youto think of it carefully and the the philosophy will benefitto your whole life.京华烟云读后感1500字假期再次翻看了《京华烟云》，不像第一次的囫囵吞枣般仓促，这次仔细翻阅了一遍，竟然又读出了许多香味……《京华烟云》虽然是一部好几篇小说联成的长篇小说，但不因此而成一部散漫不不尽然结构的故事，而反为大规模的长篇。
京华烟云英文版介绍
MAIN CHARACTERS
Yao Mochow (Yao Mochou, 姚莫愁)
1
2 Yao Mulan's sister Clever and attractive
3 She married LIFU when he was a poor scholar She knows her sister's love for LIFU
INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND OF THE STORY
3
The novel covers the turbulent events in China from 1900 to 1938
4
the Boxer Uprising The Republican Revolution of 1911 The Warlord Era The rise of nationalism and communism, The origins of the Sino-Japanese War of 1937-1945.
2015
MOMENT IN PEKING
------ by Cici, EE1, 0141102045
1 ABOUT THE WRITER
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
2 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND OF THE STORY
CONTENT
3 MAIN CHARACTERS 4 MY OPINIONS OF THIS BOOK
nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature
PART 2
INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND OF THE STORY
《京华烟云》英译本赏析
《京华 烟 云 英译 本赏 析
◎韩 慧
（河南机 电高等专科 学校 ，河南 新 乡 ４５３００２）
文学作 品不 同于应 用文 、科技 文献 。应用 文体 、 科技 文体 为实用性 的体 裁 ，有其 明确的 目的和具体 的用途 ，而文 学作 品不拘一格 ，很 难限于某 一特殊 的 目的和用途 。文 学的魅 力在于语 言的娴熟运用 ，是人 类语言 智慧的结 晶。文学作 品通 过景 、人 、物 三者 的 描述烘托 主人公 的心理 变化 。景 为气氛 的高低起伏 埋下伏笔 ；物 为人物的发展树 立象征意 义 ；事为故事 的发展奠定基础 。因此 ，文学作 品的翻译不仅要束缚 于原作 的情景模式 ，还要创造 性地再现 原作 的风格 ， 是一种背 叛性 的创造 性劳动 。译 作就像一 幅雕刻作 品一样 ，不仅使读 者感受到异 国他 乡的风味 ，还要使 读者读起 来能享受 到语 言 的魅 力 ，使读者 获得和原 作一样 的感受。［’ 文学作 品的翻 译关键在于 精确传 达原作者 的思想情感 。文学作 品不仅能让人 们领略 语言 美 ，而且还可 以使 人们从 中认识 自我 、剖析 自 我 ，并提高 自我 。因此 ，深入探讨 文学作 品的翻译颇 为必 要 。
三 、《京华烟云》译本对 比赏析
京华烟云简介内容英语作文
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故事发生在清朝末年，讲述了一个家族的兴衰和人物的命运。
英文原著Moment in Peking
翻译作业《京华烟云》林语堂著张振玉译Moment in Peking—— Mannian's（曼娘）Wedding DayLin YutangThe next day, May the twenty-fifth, was Mannia's wedding day. While her mother was getting things ready with the assistance of Coral（珊瑚）and Mulan （木兰）, and they were waiting for the sedan（轿子）chairs to come at the proper hour, the Tseng house(曾府) was in a great turmoil（混乱）. There were a thousand things to prepare for the bride, and red sashes（(妇女、儿童用的)饰带，腰带）and colored festoons（花彩）of silk and big lanterns (灯笼)to be hung up（to be hung up仅用来修饰lanterns）, and the bridegroom's （新郎）rooms to be decorated. Everything had to be new, tables, candle stands, wash basins, spittoons（痰盂）, commodes（衣柜）, even the curtains（窗帘）and bedding on Pingya's（平亚）bed—practically everything except the bed itself on which he was sleeping. The leeks（青蒜）and mint（薄荷）herbs（药草）hung above the door by every family on the Dragon-Boat Festival （端午节）at the onset（开始）(这个onset用得好) of summer, had to be taken down, and red festoons hung （hang 的过去式及过去分词，这里作谓语）in their place above the door and along the door jambs（门侧柱）. A disinfection(消毒剂), to drive away evil air, was usually done by burning mint herbs（这里在mints前似应加the）in the house on the Dragon-Boat Festival and children carried beautiful colored silk pendants(垂饰) on their breasts, containing fragrant powder from herbs to ward off(挡住) disease for the summer, which was the usual season for epidemics(流行病). In this way Pingya's room had been fumigated(熏蒸消毒) before he was moved in. The idea now however, was to make as great a change of atmosphere in the sickroom as possible, （这句写得很漂亮，原来只是as great as possible，可是在great后加a change of atmosphere in the sickroom ，文章就显得生动了）showing every where the red color of happiness to drive away anylurking(潜藏) evil air.On top of（除…外）all these preparations, Pingya had taken a turn（转变）for the worse（恶化，向坏的方面）. He complained that he could not see clearly, and his bowels(内脏) would not function（不及物动词：发挥作用）. His tongue showed a thick coating, and his limbs（四肢）were cold while he felt hot inside. His pulse was weak and sluggish. The doctor had to press all three fingers on his wrist（手腕）to feel the pulse beat, and this was a sign the volume of blood （血量）was decreasing. Upon the varied nuances（细微差异）of the pulse beats and their undertones（小声）, the yun（韵）, the old doctor relied as the modern doctor relies upon the temperature chart; but it was something finely felt, to be recognized only by experience and impossible to state in figures. Although Pingya's mind was clear, he was too weak to talk, and all morning and afternoon, he lay half-dormant（睡眠状态）, vaguely（含糊地） conscious that（conscious是形容词，conscious that 自己知道的）this was his wedding day.参考译文：京华烟云——曼娘出嫁的日子林语堂第二天，五月二十五日，是曼娘出嫁的日子。
《京华烟云》英文序言
Foreword to Moment in PekingOne morning in 1905, or the 31th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of Qing Dynasty, two brothers set out by boat from their hometown Boa-ah, a mountain hamlet in Fujian province on the southern coast of China, for the port city of Xiamen, some sixty miles away. The boys were full of excitement and chatter, especially the younger one. Yutang was ten years old, and today, he was taking leave of his hometown and going with his brother to study in Xiamen. They were sons of Pastor Lin Zhicheng, who was born in the poor village of Wulisha. Pastor Lin was sending his sons to free missionary schools in Xiamen.The Pastor was not a follower of convention, so the boys did not wear queues. Yutang was a little guy, deeply tanned, with a prominent forehead, a pair of sparkling eyes, and a narrow chin. Six miles later, when the skiff came to Xiaoxi, the boys changed to a five-sail junk, and sailed toward Zhangzhou on West River, and tall mountains stood behind them, clad in grey-purplish hues. Yutang thought it inexpressibly beautiful. After a day's journey, the junk tied up against the bank under some bamboo trees. Yutang was told to lie down, cover himself with a blanket and go to sleep.But sleep was the last thing on the boy's mind. The boatman sitting at the junk's stern was sucking at his pipe, and between gulps of bitter tea, telling stories about the Empress Dowager Cexi, who ruled the court today, having put the Emperor Guangxu under house arrest for supporting the reformers at the palace. Another junk was tied up on the opposite bank, brightly lit by lanterns. A soft breeze wafted sounds of merrymaking and music from a lute across the water. Oh, what a beautiful scene! Yutang thought, I must remember this evening well, so that the sights and sounds will always be fresh in my mind when I recall this night, however old I might be.At the thought of going to school in Xiamen, his heart leapt with anticipation. He often went to watch the sunset behind the tall mountains which completely surrounded the hamlet. The mountain peaks were always shrouded in clouds. How did a person get out of this deep valley, he wondered. What was the world like outside? To the north there was a crack in one of the peaks, left there, it was said, when a fairy stubbed his toe on a rock. The world was so big that it boggled his mind. Two years ago, his father told him the first airplane had a successful test flight. "I've read everything I could lay my hands on about the airplane," his father said, "but I've never seen one, and I don't know whether I should believe it." His father also told him that the best universities in the world were the University of Berlin in Germany, and Oxford University in England. "You must study hard, young man," his father often said, sitting beside the boy's bed at night, turning up the oil lamp and smoking his pipe. "Study hard, so that you can go to one of those universities. Acquire an education and become a famous man."My father often repeated this story to me. As I sat in his study, surrounded by bookshelves of his works, I knew that Grandfather's words were the inspiration of his life. In his 80 years, my father wrote and translated more than 50 books and became a world-renowned author. The NewYork Times said at the time of his death, "Lin Yutang had no peer as an interpreter to Western minds of the customs, aspirations, fears and thought of his people." Father was a novelist, essayist, philosopher, philologist and lexicographer. He also invented a Chinese typewriter. "But he was more," wrote Prof. Nelson I. Wu of Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri. "He was a total man, stubbornly going his own way through the criticism of lesser minds to become a universal genius."Father was born in 1895, the fifth of six sons of Lin Zhicheng. The Presbyterian pastor, a self-taught man, communicated to his children a passionate zest for all that was new and modern from the West, and decided that his sons must learn English and receive Western educations. With the help of one of his brothers and a loan, Yutang attended St. John' University in Shanghai. The main emphasis was on English. Yutang also studied theology, because he wanted to be a pastor like his father. But after extensive reading in science, he began to have doubts about Christian dogma, and changed his major to philosophy.When he graduated from St. John's in 1916, Yutang accepted a teaching post at Qinghua College in Beijing. Here, he found himself surrounded by Chinese history, and he realized how small the confines of his Christian education had been. He knew that Joshua's trumpet blew down the walls of Jericho, but did not know the folktale of Meng Jiangnu, whose tears for her lost husband at the Great Wall caused a section of the wall to collapse and expose his dead body. Determined to make up for his inadequacy, Eating haunted bookstores, asking shopkeepers what were the most important books to read , because he was too ashamed to ask others.When he was not reading, Eating tried to devise a better method for looking up characters in a Chinese dictionary than the prevailing Kanji Method, the bane of scholars and students alike. At the age of 23, he published "An Index System for Chinese Characters" for which CIA Yuanpei, chancellor of National University of Peking (Bead), wrote a preface. The work attracted the attention of scholars and was a catalyst for change. but Eating was already dissatisfied with his method , and he continued throughout his life to work on improvements. These were finally incorporated in his monumental Chinese-English dictionary published when he was 77 years old. Yutang taught at Qinghua for three years, then qualified to study in America. He received a half-scholarship to major in modern languages at Harvard Graduate School of Arts & Sciences. In 1919, he married Liao Cuifeng from Xiamen, and took his bride with him to Cambridge, Massachusetts. At the end of the year, his stipend stopped coming, and he had not enough money to get his Master's degree at Harvard.World War I was now over. China had sent some 150,000 laborers to France, and Y utang accepted a job at the American YMCA to teach the laborers to read and write. The couple moved to Le Creusot, a small town in France. When they had saved some money, Yutang had taught himself German, and they went to the University of Jena in Germany because the living standard there was lower. Yutang took courses and transferred credit to receive his Master's from Harvard. To the dean of Harvard Graduate School he wrote in 1920, "I do not wish to plead for any special leniency in giving me the degree. Nor am I going to be intellectually arrested myself after I should get the degree. It is for the reason of great practical utility that I wish to have this certificate. Ibelieve that the Harvard degree will make my progress through the German University much quicker and easier." In 1923, he received his Ph.D. in Philology from Leipzig University, and returned to China.The country was in turmoil. Politically, China was in the grip of feudal warlords who fought one another incessantly. Yutang, a professor in the English Department of Beida, wrote articles and criticized the corrupt and ineffective government. The feuding warlords fought on. Duan Qirui ordered the arrest of some 50 professors and newspapermen who criticized the government. Yutang's name was on the list. Two editors who were arrested were shot in the same night.By now my parents had two daughters, my older sister and myself. We left for Xiamen, where Father joined the faculty of Xiamen University as dean of the College of Arts and Letters. But, University politics made it impossible for him to stay on, and a year later, he joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the Wuhan Government, because he admired Foreign Minister Chen Yuren, whom he had known in Beijing. When the Wuhan Government was toppled in 1927, Father quit his job, and we moved to Shanghai.Here, he began to write the enormously successful Kaiming English Books, a series that was adopted as textbooks for middle schools. With his founding of the Analects bi-monthly in 1932 in Shanghai, Father made his reputation in China. The magazine specialized in humor and satire, but it was Father's contributions that most captured the readers. Poking fun at government officials, he once said, "Although you are an official, you still look like a man."Father's lacerating wit earned him the reputation of enfant terrible and the accolade "Master of Humor". In 1934 and 1935, he started two more magazines, This Human World and The Cosmic Wind. Also at this time, Father was writing an English column called "The Little Critic" which appeared in China Critic magazine, as well as editing a Chinese dictionary in the style of the Concise Oxford Dictionary. At the same time, he was translating English works into Chinese, such as the biography of Henrik Ibsen and George Bernard Shaw's Pygmalion. And he was translating Chinese into English, the most notable work of which was Qing dynasty author Shen Fu's Six Chapters of a Floating Life, which was published in bilingual form in Shanghai in 1935.The author wrote about the idyllic life he led with his wife Yun, whom Father described in a preface as "one of the loveliest of women in Chinese literature." The story and the translation received wide attention.Father's "Little Critic" essays caught the attention of Pearl S. Buck, who was living in China, and whose novel The Good Earth had won the Pulitzer Prize. One evening the two writers met. They had been speaking of foreign writers in China, when Father suddenly said, "I should like to write a book telling exactly what I feel about China."“You are the one to do it, “Mrs. Buck replied enthusiastically.Father finished the book in 1935, and it was called My Country and My People...In the book, Father surveyed the mental and moral constitution and ideals of the Chinese people, as well associety, literature and the art of living. "China is too big a country, and her national life has too many facets for her not to be open to the most diverse interpretations,” he wrote. "I can lay bare her troubles because I have not lost hope."The politically motivated writers lost no time in tearing the book apart, but Father was not bothered. "If a man must be a writer," he said, “he should have some courage and speak his mind." He had nothing but contempt for literary prostitutes who owed their living to political bosses."The book burst like a shell over the Western world," according to the New York Times. "My Country and My People is the clearest and most interesting dissection and synthesis of China past and present that I have read," wrote Fanny Butcher in the Chicago Daily Tribune. "One of the most important and satisfactory books yet written in English on the character, life and philosophy of the Chinese people," wrote W. L. Langer in Foreign Affairs. "No one who wants to know either old or new China need go beyond the covers of My Country and My People... The whole gamut of matters Chinese is here treated with a deftness, a frankness, an intelligence, a subtlety seldom matched in any work," wrote T. F. Opie in Churchman.Father was 41. Success did not change him. "I am still a child, looking at this extraordinary world with round eyes," he said. "There is so much I must learn; everything arouses my curiosity.I have only one interest, and that is to know more about life, past and present, and to write about it.I would not like fame if it gets in the way."In 1936, our family, which now included three daughters, went to America, intending to stay only a year. But when the Sino-Japanese War broke out the next year, we had to delay out return. Father was horrified to learn the 52 manuscript volumes of the Chinese dictionary he was editing, which he had not brought to the States, had been destroyed.In New York, Father began to write The Importance of Living, one of his most famous books and a grand synthesis of his philosophy. I t became the best-selling book in America in 1938, was translated into a dozen languages, and secured for him the position of a leading interpreter of China to the West. In comparing East and West, he found no difference so sharp as the attitude toward old age. "I am still continually shocked by the Western attitude," he wrote. "I heard an old lady remark that she had several grandchildren, 'but it was the first one that hurt.' Even with the knowledge that Americans hate to be thought of as old, one still doesn't quite expect to have it put that way."On the importance of the home, he wrote, "It has seemed to me that the final test of any civilization is, what type of husbands and wives and fathers and mothers does it turn out. Besides the austere simplicity of such a question, every other achievement of civilization—art, philosophy, literature and material living—pales into insignificance.""Dr. Lin has performed the inestimable service of distilling the philosophy of generations of Chinese sages and presenting it against a modern.... background, which makes it easily readable and understandable," said the Saturday Review of Literature. Moment in Peking, published in1940, was a novel of broad canvas which began with the Boxer Rebellion in 1901 and ended with the beginning of the Sino-Japanese War. Like The Importance of Living, it became a selection of the Book-of-the-Month Club. It "may well become the classic background novel of modern China", said Time magazine.Father's books were translated into Chinese and well-received, although he was not always pleased with the translations. "My regret is that I did not, through most of my works, meet my readers face to face," he said toward the end of his life, referring to the fact that most of his works' Chinese translations were done by others.But he was too busy creatively to translate. After the war ended, Father embarked upon an adventure that was to wipe out all his assets and get him deeply in debt. He decided to build a Chinese typewriter that anyone could use without previous training. Because he had written and edited a string of well-received books, including The Wisdom of China and India in 1942, he felt he could afford this project. In fact, he had been trying to invent a typewriter ever since he went to Peking in the 1920s. Never mind that Chinese consisted of tens of thousands of ideographs while English had only 26 letters of the alphabet he thought it could be done.His solution lay in finding a better way to classify Chinese characters than the Kangxi system. He thought he had the problem solved back in 1931, when he tried to have a model of his invention made in London. But he had run out of funds and returned home with only 30 cents in his pocket.Now, working like a man possessed, Father was up at dawn and did not go to bed until after midnight. He drew sketches, rearranged characters and redesigned his keyboard. In New York's Chinatown, he found a printer who could mold the characters. Then, he located a small engineering firm to help him with the mechanics and a workshop to produce the parts. Problem after problem had to be over come, and the bills mounted. Each of the thousand parts was made by hand. But he had sunk so much money into the machine that he could no give up. As their savings vanished, Mother was horrified. But she knew her husband well. He was easygoing about many things, but obstinate about some things, and inventing a typewriter was one of them.Fortunately, Father had a friend in antique dealer Loo Chin-tsai, who loaned him tens of thousands of dollars to finish the model. Finally, in May 1947, we brought his invention home. It was called the Mingkwai ("clear and quick") Typewriter. The machine had 72 keys. To type a character, one pressed the keys corresponding to the top and bottom parts of a character, and those with similar tops and bottoms appeared on a screen in the center of the machine. The typist then pressed one of eight printing keys according to the position of the correct character on the screen. At a time when computers had not yet become popular, his invention of a scanning screen was remarkable. The typefaces were molded around six hexagonal rollers. No larger than a standard typewriter, the Ming kwai typed 7000 whole characters and by combinations a theoretical total of 90,000.The typewriter was presented at a press conference held at home and received great write-upsin the press. Dr. George A.Kennedy, director, Institue of Far East Languages, Yale University, said that "the finding system is the most efficient yet devised, and it may well be extended to dictionaries and other reference works."Lee Tuh-Yueh, manager of the Bank of China in New York, said, "I was not prepared for anything so compact and at the same time comprehensive, so easy to operate and yet so adequate." And Father's good friend, the philologist Yuen R. Chao, simply said, "Y.T., I think this is it!"But Father was deeply in debt. One day I came home from Columbia University where I was attending classes, and found Mother in tears. Although we were in touch with many typewriter companies, we could not hope for quick results. China was in the midst of civil war, and the largest potential market was uncertain.Sometime later, when we were riding in a taxi and Father was playing with a cardboard mockup of the keyboard, he said, "The crux of the invention is here. The mechanical problems were not hard.""Then, could you have just used this mockup to sell your invention? Was there any need to build the model?" I asked.He looked at me for a few seconds. “I suppose I could have," he whispered, "but I couldn't help myself. I had to make a real typewriter. I never dreamed it would cost so much."The Mingkwai is never manufactured, because it was too costly to produce, and China was in turmoil. But with the coming of the computer age, the mechanical problems of a Chinese typewriter were eliminated. In 1985, the Mitac Automation Company of Taiwan bought Father's "Instant Index System," as his character classification is called, and made it the input system for its computers. "It is my legacy to the Chinese people," Father said.Father was invited in 1948 to be the head of the Arts and Letters Division of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in Paris. My parents sold their apartment in New York to pay some of their debts, and sailed for France.At UNESCO, Father wrote memos, prepared reports and attended meetings. He found it frustrating and exhausting." There are two kinds of animals on earth," he once wrote. "One kind minds his own business, the other minds other people's business. The former are vegetarians, like cows, sheep and thinking men. The latter are carnivorous, like hawks, tigers and men of action. I have often admired my colleagues for their administrative ability I have never been interested in that."He quit his job and moved to the south of France. He loved the simple life—sitting at a cafe and watching the fishermen's boats return with their catch, and going to market to shop for food. Life was more reasonable here than in New York. He grabbed mother's hand and said, "Never mind, we'll start all over again. This pen of mine is still capable of earning a couple of dollars."In 1954, Father became the first chancellor of the newly founded Nanyang University in Singapore. But, politics forced him to resign in a few months, and he and Mother returned to France. He was 60, but not feeling his age a bit. "I do not long for spring nor am I sad in the autumn," he said, "because my wife doesn't find me old."They lived so simply that they were like children. He was writing again, and she was growing potatoes on the balcony. They took delight in the simple joys of fresh food and long walks. Later, they returned to New York to be near my sisters. In 1965, Father turned 70, and decided it was time to return to the East. A house was built for him on Yangminshan in the outskirts of Taipei, which he designed himself. He wrote a syndicated column in Chinese called "Whatever's in My Mind" (Wu Suo Bu Tan) which was read by five million readers around the world. In 1969, Father was made president of the Taipei Chinese Center, International P.E.N. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1972 and 1973. At the time, he was working on the Lin Yutang Chinese-English Dictionary of Modern Usage with a small editorial staff in Taipei. The project was sponsored by the Chinese University of Hong Kong. A new Chinese-English dictionary was urgently needed to meet the demands of social and technological change.The Dictionary, which Father called the crowning achievement of his career, was published in October 1972 with great fanfare. It was the first Chinese-English dictionary ever compiled by a Chinese scholar. The New York Times hailed it as " a milestone in communication between the world's largest linguistic groups."On his 80th birthday, October 10, 1975, friends in Hong Kong organized a big celebration. An even bigger celebration was organized in Taipei. When I met my parents at the Hong Kong airport upon their return, Father's eyes shone with gladness. His cup was full. The only honor that he wanted and had not received was the Nobel Prize. But he was his philosophical self about it . "Let us be reasonable," he once said. "We must have an attitude of expecting neither too much nor too little from life."Father passed away in Hong Kong on March 26 the following year. Among the many tributes he received was one by the Reader's Digest's founder, DeWitt Wallace. Wallace published a memorial booklet of Father's writing that had appeared over the years in the magazine. It was dedicate to the memory of "an evocative spirit of riche out lives. He considered his dictionary to be the 'crown' of his career. To anyone who reads his works, it will be apparent that Lin Yutang's crown had many jewels in it."The United Daily News of Taiwan compared Father's achievements in introducing Chinese culture to the West with that of Jesuit missionary Matteo Ricci. In an editorial, the China Times of Taiwan said, "Dr. Lin is the scholar and writer who possibly made the greatest contribution in promoting Chinese culture internationally in the recent 100 years. For some in the West who were not well-informed, they heard aboutWe took his body to Taipei to be buried in the garden of his home. It has now been turnedinto the Lin Yutang Memorial Library, and is open to visitors. Mother passed away in 1987 at the age of 90.I am very pleased that the Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press is now publishing four of his most distinguished works, My Country and My People, The Importance of Living, Moment in Peking and Six Chapters of a Floating Life in English.Lin TaiyiAugust,1998 Arlingto, Virginia USA.。
京华烟云英文版(部分)moment_in_peking
Chapter 1It was the morning of the twentieth of July, 1900. A party of mule carts were lined up at the western entrance of the Matajen Hutung, a street in the East of City of Peking, part of the mules and carts extending to the alley running north and south along the pink walls of the Big Buddha Temple. The cart drivers were early; they had come there at dawn, and there was quite a hubbub in that early morning, as was always the case with these noisy drivers.Lota, an old man of about fifty and head servant of the family that had engaged the carts for a long journey, was smoking a pipe and watching the drivers feeding the mules; and the drivers were joking and quarreling with each other. When they could not joke about each other’s animals and the animals’ancestors, they joked about themselves. “In such times,” said one, “who can tell whether one comes back dead or alive after this journey?”“You are well paid for it, aren’t you?”said Lota. “You can buy a farm with a hundred taels of silver.”“What is the use of silver when you are dead?” replied the driver. “Those bullets from foreign rifles doesn’t recognize persons. Peng-teng! It goes through your brain-cap and you are already a corpse with a crooked queue. Look at the belly of this mule! Can flesh stay bullets? But what can you do? One has to earn a living.”“It’s difficult to say,” rejoined another. “Once the foreign soldiers come into the city, Peking won’t be such a good place to live in, either. For myself, I’m glad to get away..”The sun rose from the east shone upon the entrance to the house, making the leaves of the big colanut tree glisten with the dew. This was the Yao house. It was not an imposing entrance – a small black door with a red disc in the center. The colanut tree cast its shade over the entrance, and a driver was sitting on a low stone tablet sunk into the ground. The morning was delightful, and yet it promised to be a hot day with a clear sky. A medium-sized earthen jar was standing near the tree, which provided tea in hot summer days for thirsty wayfarers. But it was still empty. Noticing the jar, a driver remarked, “Your master does good deeds.”Lota replied there was no better man on earth than their master. He pointed to a slip of red paper pasted near the doorpost, which the driver could not read; but Lota explained to him that it said that medicines against cholera, colic, and dysentery would be given free to anybody.“That’s something important,” said the driver. “You’d better give us some of that medicine for journey.”“Why should you worry about medicine when you are traveling with our master?”said Lota. “Isn’t it the same whether you carry it or our master carries it?”The drivers tried to pry out of Lota information about the family. Lota merely told them that his master was an owner of medicine shops.Soon the master appeared to see that all was in order. He was a man of about forty, short, stumpy, with bushy eyebrows and pouches under the eyes, and no beard, but a very health complexion. His hair was still perfectly black. He walked with a young, steady gait, with slow but firm steps. It was obviously the gait of a trained Chinese athlete, in which the body preserved an absolute poise, ready for a surprise attack at any unsuspected moment from the front, the side, or behind. One foot was firmly planted on the ground, while the other leg was in a forward, slightly bent and open, self-protective position, so that he could never be thrown out of his balance. He greeted the drivers and, noticing the jar, reminded Lota to keep it daily filled with tea as usual during his absence.“You’re a good man,” chorused the drivers.He went in, and soon appeared a beautiful young woman. She had small feet and exquisite jet-black hair done in a loose coiffure, and wore an old broad-sleeved pink jacket, trimmed around the collar and the sleeve ends with a three-inch broad, very pale green satin. She talked freely with the drivers and showed none of the shyness ususal among higher-class Chinese young women. She asked if all the mules had been fed, and disappeared again.“What luck your master has!” exclaimed one young driver. “A good man always is rewarded with good luck. Such a young and pretty concubine!”“Rot your tongue!” said Lota. “Our master has no concubines. That young woman is his adopted daughter and a widow.”The young driver slapped his own face in fun, and the others laughed.Soon another servant and a number of pretty maids, from twelve or thirteen to eighteen in age, came out with bedding, packages, and little pots. The driver were rather dazzled, but dared not pass futher comments. A boy of thirteen followed, and Lota told the drivers it was the young master.After half an hour of this confusion, the departing family came out. The beautiful young woman appeared again with two girls, both dressed very simply in white cotton jackets, one with green, the other with violet trousers. You can always tell a daughter of a well-to-do family from a maidservant by her greater leisureliness and quietness of manner; and the fact that young woman was holding their hands showed the drivers these two were the daughters of the family.“Hisaochieh, come into my cart,” said the young driver. “The other’s mule is bad.”Mulan, the girl, thought and compared. The other cart had a smaller mule, but his driver had a more jovial appearance. On the other hand, this young driver had ugly sores on his head. Mulan chose by the driver rather than the mule.So important are little things in our life, perfectly meaningless in themselves, but aswe look back upon them in their chain of cause and effect, we realize they are sometimes fraught with momentous consequences. If the young driver had not had sores on his head, and Mulan had not got into the other cart with the small and sickly-looking mule, things would not have happened on this journey as they did, and the course of Mulan’s whole life would have been altered.In the midst of the hustle, Mulan heard her mother scolding Silver-screen, a maid of sixteen in the other cart, for being overpainted and overdressed. Silver-screen was embarrassed before everybody; and Bluehaze, the elder maid of nineteen, assisting the mother into her cart, was silently smiling, being secretly glad that she had known better than to overdress for this journey and had listened to the mistress’s instructions.You could see at a glance that the mother was the ruler of the family. She was a woman in the middle thirties, broad-shouldered, square-faced, and inclined to be stout; and she spoke in a clear, commanding voice.When everybody was well seated and ready to start, a little maid of eleven, whose name was Frankincense, was seen crying at the door. She was utterly miserable about being left behind to stay alone with Lota and the other servants.“Let her come along,” Mulan’s father said to his wife. “She can at least help fill the tobacco for your water pipe.”So, at the last moment, Frankincense jumped into the maid’s cart. Everybody seemed to have found a place. Mrs. Yao shouted to the maids to let down the bamboo screen at the front of their covered cart, and not to peep out too much.There were five covered carts, with one pony among the mules. The maternal uncle, Feng, and the young boy led the party, followed by the mother, riding with the elder maid, Bluehaze, who was holding a baby two years old. In the third cart were Mulan and her sister Mochow and the adopted daughter, whose name was Coral. The three other maids, Silverscreen, Brocade, fourteen, and little Frankincense, were in the next cart. Mr. Yao, the father, sat alone and brought up the rear. His son Tijen had avoided riding in the same cart with him, and had preferred the uncle.A manservant, Lotung, who was the brother of Lota, sat on the outside in Mr. Yao’s cart, one leg crossed on the shaft and one left dangling.To the people who had gathered to watch the departing family, Mrs. Yao loudly announced that they were going for a few days to their relatives in the Western Hills, although actually they were going south.Whatever their destination, it was obvious to the passers-by that they were fleeing from the oncoming allied European troops who were marching upon Peking because of the Boxer uprising.And so with a waddle-ho! And ta…tr! And crackings of whips, the party started. The children were all excited, for it was their first trip to their Hangchow home, about which they had heard their parents speak so often.Mulan greatly admired her father. He had refused to flee from Peking until the evening of the eighteenth; and, now that they had decided to seek safety in their home at Hangchow, he had made extremely cool and unperturbed preparations for the departure. For Mr. Yao was a true Taoist, and refused to be excited.“Excitement is not good for the soul,”Mulan heard her father say. Another argument of his was: “When you yourself are right, nothing that happens to you can ever be wrong.” In later life Mulan had many occasions to think about this saying of her father’s, and it became a sort of philosophy for her, from which she derived much of her good cheer and courage. A world in which nothing that happens to you can ever be wrong is a good, cheerful world, and one has courage to live and to endure.War clouds had been in the air since May. The allied foreign troops had taken the fort at the seacoast, but the railway to Peking had been destroyed by the Boxers, who had grown in power and popularity and swarmed over the countryside.The Empress Dowager had hesitated between avoiding a war with the foreign powers and using the Boxers, a strange, unknown, frightening force whose one object was to destroy the foreigners in China and who claimed magical powers and magic protection against foreign bullets. The Court issued orders one day for the arrest of the Boxer leaders, and the next day appointed the pro-Boxer Prince Tuan as minister for foreign affairs. Court intrigue played an important part in this reversal of the decision to suppress the Boxers. The Empress Dowager had already deprived her nephew the Emperor of his actual power, and was planning to depose him. She favored Prince Tuan’s son, a worthless rascal, as successor（继承者）to the throne. Thinking that a foreign war would increase his personal power and obtain the throne for his son, Prince Tuan encouraged the Empress Dowager to believe that the Boxers had threatened to capture “one Dragon and two Tigers” to sacrifice to heaven for betrayal of their nation, the “Dragon”being the reformist Emperor whose “hundred days of reform” two years earlier had shocked the conservative mandarinate, and the “Tigers”being the elderly Prince Ching and Li Huangchang, who had been in charge of the foreign policy.Prince Tuan forged a joint note from the diplomatic crops of Peking, asking the Empress Dowager to restore the Emperor to actual power, thus making the old woman believe that the foreign powers stood in the way of her plan to depose the Emperor, so that she decided to throw in her lot with the Boxers, whose secret of power was their war cry of “driving out the Oceanic People.” Some enlightened cabinet ministers had opposed the Boxers on account of the burning of the Euopean Legations, advocated by the Boxers, which was against Western usage; but these opponents had been killed by the power of Prince Tuan. The Chancellor of the University had committed hara-kiri by disemboweling himself.The Boxers were actually within the capital. A lieutenant colonel who had been sent out to fight them had been ambushed and killed, and his soldiers had joined the Boxers. Hightly popular and triumphant, the Boxers had captured Peking, killing foreigners and Christian Chinese and burning their churches. The diplomatic cropsprotested, but Kang Yi, sent to “investigate” the Boxers, reported that they were “sent from Heaven to drive out the Oceanic People and wipe out China’s shame”and secretly let tens of thousands of them into the capital.Once inside, the Boxers, under the covert protection of the Empress Dowager and Prince Tuan, terrorized the city. They roamed the streets, hunting and killing “First Hairies” and “Second and Third Hairies.” The “First Hairies” were the foreigners; the “Second and Third Hairies” were the Christians, clerks in foreign firms, and any other English-speaking Chinese. They went about burning churches and foreign houses, destroying foreign mirrors, foreign umbrellas, foreign clocks, and foreign paintings. Actually they killed more Chinese than foreigners. Their method of proving a Chinese to be a “Second Hairy” was simple. Suspects were made to kneel before a Boxer altar in the open street, while a piece of paper containing a message to their patron god was burned, and the suspect was pronounced guilty or not guilty according to whether the ashes flew up or flew down. Altars would be set up in the streets toward sunset, and the people who showed obedience to the Boxers would burn incense while they danced their monkey dance, the Monkey Spirit being one of the most popular of their patron gods. The smell of incense filled the streets, and once could believe oneself living in the magic land of Hsiyuchi once more. Even important officials had set up altars and invited the Boxer leaders to their homes, and servants had joined the Boxers to tyrannize over their masters.Mr. Yao, being a well-read man and in sympathy with the reformist Emperor, thought the whole thing silly and dangerous child’s play, but kept his convictions to himself. He had his own good reasons to be “antiforeign” in a sense, and hated the church as a foreign religion protected by a superior foreign power; but he was too intelligent to approve of the Boxers, and was grateful that Lota and his brother Lotung had kept away from the rabble.There was fighting in the city. The German minister had been fallen upon and murdered by Kansu soldiers. The Legation Quarter was under siege, and the Legation Guards had been holding out for two months, waiting for relief from Tientsin. Yung Lu, one of the most trusted men of the Empress Dowager, who was put in command of the Imperial Guards to attack the Legations, was not in favor of the attack and secretly gave orders for their protection. But whole blocks of the city near the Legation Quarter had been razed to the ground, and whole streets in the South City burned down. The city was truly more in the hands of the Boxers than of the Government. Even the water carriers and toilet cleaners were not allowed to pursue their business unless they had red and yellow turbans wound around their heads.All through this period Mr. Yao had refused to consider moving. All he consented to was to destroy a few big foreign mirrors in his home and a collapsible foreign telescope that he had bought as a curiosity. His house was a little out of the zone of great destruction. To his wife’s pleadings for flight from the killing, looting, and turmoil, he did not reply; he refused to consider them. The country around was swarming with troops, and Mr. Yao thought that it was better to sit still than to make amove. He believed that men contrive, but the gods decide; and he was willing to take things as they came.His calm and nonchalance exasperated his wife. She accused him of intending to live and die with his curios and his garden. But when the allied troops were actually approaching there was a real fear of a sack of the city, and she said, “If you don’t care for your life, you must think of these little children.”This argument drove home, although he said, “How do you know it will be safer on the way?”So on the afternoon of July 18 they decided to go. He thought that if they could get mule carts and go straight south to Tehchow(德州), the first city in Shantung, an eight- or nine-day journey, they would then be safe. The new governor of Shantung had driven the Boxers out of his province by force and so preserved peace and order. The Boxers had originated in Shantung, because it was there that several “religious incidents” had taken place, including the one which caused the leasing of Tsingtao(青岛) to the Germans and the dismissal of the previous governor, Yu Hsien, who had encouraged the Boxers.One day the new governor, Yuan Shikai, had asked a Boxer leader to come to him to prove their magic powers. He ordered ten Boxers to stand in line and face a firing squad armed with modern rifles. At a signal, his men fired and, marvelous to behold, the ten Boxers were unhurt; the rifles had not been loaded. The Boxers chief was elated, and cried, “You see…!” Before he had finished the governor himself drew a revolver and killed the Boxers one by one. That had finished the Boxers in Shantung, and after a brief campaign they all drifted over to Chihli.Flight through Tientsin was impossible. If Peking was in a state of pandemonium, Tientsin was in a state of hell; and the route to it was in the direct line of battle. Refugees from Tientsin to the capital said that traffic on the Grand Canal was jammed for miles, and boats had been known to make only half a mile advance in a whole day. So they were to go by land south to Tehchow, on the Shantung border, before taking a boat on the Grand Canal; and because there were hunhun, or bandits, outside Yungtingmen Gate, they must go by way of the Marco Polo Bridge, and follow the route to Chochow before they struck southeastward.They journey from Tehchow down the Grand Canal to Shanghai and Hangchow would be safe also, because the governors in southeast China had signed an agreement with the foreign consuls to preserve peace and protect foreign lives and property, so that the Boxer conflict had been strictly localized in the north.“When are we leaving?” asked Mrs. Yao.“The day after tomorrow,” replied her husband. “We have to arrange for the mule carts. Then we have to do a little packing.”Now that she had won her point, Mrs. Yao was dismayed at the thought of packing.“How can I do it in a day?” she exclaimed. “There are all the trunks and carpets and furs and jewels – and your curios.”“Never mind about my curios,” said Mr. Yao curtly. “Leave the house entirely as it is. There’s nothing to pack, except some summer clothing and some silver for the journey. We are not taking a pleasure trip; we are fleeing in war. I shall leave Lota and a few servants to guard the house. It may be looted by the Boxers. Secondly, it may be looted by the soldiers. Thirdly, it may be looted by the foreign troops. And fourthly, the whole house may be burned down, whether you roll up your carpets and pack your trunks or not. If we escape all these, we escape; and if we lose, we lose.”“But all our furs and treasures?” said his wife.“How many carts are we going to take? The men and women alone will need five carts, and I am not sure we can find even that many.”Later, he called Lota to the hall. Lota had been with the family for years, and was himself a distant relative from Mrs. Yao’s village. The master knew he could trust his entire fortune to his hands.“Lota,” he said, “tomorrow I shall pack up a few things with you, the porcelain and jade and the best paintings, and store them away. But we will leave all the cabinets and stands as they are. If any looters come, offer no resistance but ask them to help themselves. Do not risk your old life for these trash and rubbish! They are not worth it.”He instructed Feng, his wife’s brother, who was managing the business of the household and looking after their medicine shops and tea firms, to go next day for some silver and gold for the journey, in ingots and broken pieces. Feng was also to call on the Imperial Physician and see if he could get some sort of official protection on the journey.In the dead of the night, Mr. Yao, who was sleeping alone in his studio in the southwest court, got up and woke Lota. He told Lota to light a lamp and follow him to the back garden, bringing a hoe and shovel, and to make no noise whatsoever. So they went out, old master and old servant, with six Chou and Han bronzes and several dozens of jade pieces and seal stones, that he had himself packed up carefully in sandalwood boxes, and buried them under the date tree in the garden. There they worked for over an hour under the light of the lamp and the summer stars.Cheerful and really excited, Mr. Yao came back into the house before anyone was up. The dew was heavy, and Lota, coughing a little, suggested that he should go and make a pot of hot tea.Mr. Yao often slept alone and he had no concubines. As head of a wealthy family, he had no great interests outside his books and curios and his children. He had no concubines for a double reason. First, because his wife would not permit it. Second, because there had been an abrupt change in his life at his thirtieth year, when he married Mulan’s mother. Then a sensuous, adventurous rogue and playboy became aTaoist sain. His life before then was a complete dark chapter to his family. He had drunk, grambled, ridden on horseback, fenced, boxed, philandered and kept a sing-song artist, had traveled widely and known the best society. Suddenly he changed. His father died a year after his marriage and left him a huge fortune in medicine shops and tea firms in Hangchow, Soochw, Yangchow, and Peking, with regular service of herbs from Szechuen, and a few pawnshops besides. The spiritual history of this man in that period was so hidden in mystery that even his wife did not know whether he had reformed after marrying her or before. He stopped not only his gambling and the reckless drinking, for which he had enormous capacity, his philandering and otherwise abusing his magnificent constitution, but he also stopped attending to business, leaving the management to his wife’s brother, Feng, who was a thoroughly able businessman.In those days between 1898 and 1900, “new thought” was in the air, advocated by those coup detat when the Emperor was imprisoned in the Palace. Mr. Yao read and absorbed the new ideas in the current books and magazines.While Lota went to make tea for him, old Yao, instead of turning to his wife’s court. He lay on the covered earthen bed and thought about the things he had to do that day. Whenever he started a period of physical regiment for himself, he always slept in his studio. He would get up at exactly midnight, cross his legs and sit in position, perform the regular number of rubbings on his forehead, the sides of his head, his cheeks and chin, then his palms and feet, and begin to control his breath and practice deep abdominal breathing and regulate the swallow of his saliva. Thus with his circulation stimulated and breathing controlled he could hear, in the deep silence of the night, his own intestinal fluid circulating and nourishing the lower abdomen where the whole center of spiritual force lay. He would do this for about ten minutes, or sometimes fifteen or twenty minutes, for the purpose of nourishing his chi, or simple nervous energy. At regular intervals he would repeat the regular rubbings of his palms and feet. But he would never tire himself out, and would stop when he reached a state of excellent well-being, his body glowing with the blood coursing down his legs, a sweet exquisite sensation. Then he would relax and lie down and sleep a perfect sound sleep.Lota lifted the screen and entered with a tea pot in his hand, and, pouring a hot cup, brought it to the bed. Old Yao gargled with the tea and spat it into a spittoon.“Laoyeh, the journey will be strenuous,” Lota said, “and you should rest yourself today. I do not know whether we can find drivers and carts. The man is coming in to report this morning.”He poured another cup for his master.“I have thought over the matter,”he continued. “It is better that Second Master Feng stay behind. The responsibility is too great for me. But take Bluehaze, Brocade, Silverscreen, and Frankincense. At such times as these, girls only bring trouble.”“That’s right,” said Yao. “Ask Ting and Chang to come and guard the house withyou. But Second Master will go with us.” Ting and Chang were old employees of the medicine shop on Morrison Street, which lay a distance south of the house. Because Yao’s shop selling Chinese medicines and tea leaves clearly had nothing to do with the foreigners, it had thus far been spared by the looters.“I will. But nobody else,” replied Lota. “The fewer people in the house, the less cause for trouble. But the shop?”“The Chen brothers will remain there. There is nothing to steal except some grass roots and pepper and herbs. What do they want these for? We have no foreign mirrors for them to smash, and in any case the shop will be closed until things improve. Several days ago the foreign shop Powei was looted. They smashed all the watches, clocks, and glasses. Someone took a bottle of foreign perfume for foreign wine and drank it. He turned white and fell on the floor and shouted that he had been poisoned by foreign concoctions. A boy working in the firm said they smashed the electric talking machine and cut the wire because they thought it was a devilish land-mine to blow them up. Someone caught up a foreign manikin, tore off the dress, and carried the naked foreign woman across the street. The crowd cheered and had the greatest fun out of that lady. Children ran and scrambled for her golden hair and started to fight among themselves…” Lota and old Yao laughed together.It was now broad daylight, and there were noise in the courtyards. Lota rolled dawn the paper on the window, remarking that it would be a hot day. Summer nights in Peking are always cool, and during the hot days, the rooms all being on the ground floor, the inhabitants roll down the tissue paper on their windows to keep the rooms cool like a cellar. This year Yao did not have a mat shed built thirty or forty feet high over the roofs and courtyard, as in other summers, which gave a perfect shade to the whole house like a big tree, yet permitted the movement of air. There were too many fires in the city during the May troubles, and such a mat shed made of wooden poles and a roof of bamboo matting would have made a perfect trap for fire to spread to the house.Lota lifted the screen and went out. After sitting still a while to collect his thoughts, Yao heard his favorite daughter, Mulan, calling, “Father, are you up already?”Mulan was a slim little child then, and small for a girl of ten. She had very bright eyes and dark hair coming dowm in a queue across her shoulder, and her light summer dress made her seem unusually small. She had always come to her father’s studio and listened to him about all sorts of things, and her father liked to talk to her. Every morning when her father had not been sleeping in her mother’s room in the inside court, she would come and say “early”to her father in the front court, she would come and say “early” to her father in the front court, the first thing after she got up and washed.“Is your mother up yet?” asked her father, as she came in.“They are all up, except Tijen and Sister,” said Mulan; and then she asked, “Why did you say last night that all the curios are trash and rubbish?”“If you consider them trash and rubbish, then they are trash and rubbish,” he said. This was too profound for Mulan.“But are you really going to leave all those things? At least hide away the little jade and amber animals for me. I want them.”“I have done so, my dear child.”Then he told her as a great secret what he had done and enumerated to her the things he had buried, and Mulan knew them all by name.“What if somebody should find them and dig them up?” she asked.“Listen, child,”said her father. “Everything has its destined owner. How many hundred owners do you think those Chou bronzes have had in the last three thousand years? No one ever permanently owns a thing in this world. For the time being, I am their owner. A hundred years from now, who will be their owner?”Mulan felt very sad, until he added, “If someone who is not their destined owner should dig up the treasure, he will find only jars of water.”“And the jade animals in the box?”“They will fly away as little birds.”“But if we dig them up on our return?”“The jade will be jade, and the bronze will be bronze.”This made Mulan happy. But it was also a lesson to her. Luck, or fochi, was not something that happened to a man from the outside, but was within him. To enjoy any form of luck or earthly happiness, a man has to have the character to enjoy and keep it. For one qualified for luck, jars of water will turn into silver; and for one who is not qualified, jars of silver will turn into water.Bluehaze, the elder maid, now came to say that her mistress was asking if he had got up, and if so she would ask him to go over and discuss matters.“Is the second master up yet?”“He is already there.”Mr. Yao went in with his daughter and, passing through a moon door, came to the inner yard, where he saw Coral busy moving leather trunks which littered the floor of the central hall. Coral, his adopted daughter, was a woman over twenty. She was the orphan child of his best friend, Hsieh, and since her parent’s death Yao had brought her up like his own daughter and had married her off at nineteen to a good husband. But her husband had died the year after, without leaving a child, and she had preferred to come back and had been living with them the last four years. She was a great help to Mrs. Yao in running the household and looking after the servants; she was like an elder sister to Mulan and Mochow. Sorrow had left no mark on her face; she never thought of marrying again and she was perfectly happy as she was. Apparently she。
目的论视角下《京华烟云》的文化翻译策略
ｗｈｉｌｅｔｈｅ ｂｏｙｗａｓｉｌｌ．（Ｐ１１１）
林语堂在《京华烟云》中对中国文化进行翻译时，主要 采甩文献型翻译策略，用地道、娴熟的英语，真实生动地向 西方读者介绍了中国文化，为中国文化的传播和打破中西 文化的不平等状态作出了巨大的贡献。《京华烟云》在国内
ｔｈｅ
在这句话中，林语堂对“冲喜”的翻译就是一种典型的 音译加注的文献型翻译。既很好地保留中国文化色彩，又不 影响读者的理解。 还有如丧葬习俗“守灵”直译成“ｋｅｅｐｉｎｇ
１９３８年８月至１９３９年９月创作的英语长篇小说。小说虽说是 用英文撰写的，但它实际上是创作兼翻译的产物。《京华烟 云》自１９３９年底在美国出版后，半年内便售出５万多册，被美国 《时代》周刊称为“极有可能成为关于现代中国社会现实的经 典作品”。林语堂因为该小说，四次获得诺贝尔文学奖的提名。 中西方文化差异巨大，林语堂向西方读者进行中国文化的传 输．为何能取得如此巨大的成功？这当然首先归功于他地道、 娴熟的英语，同时与他所采用的翻译策略有很大的关系，文 化翻译策略与翻译目的是密切相关的。下面从目的论视角分 析林语堂《京华烟云》中的文化翻译策略。 二、从目的论角度看《京华烟云》中文化翻译策略 二十世纪七十年代，汉斯・维米尔将Ｓｋｏｐｏｓ一词引入了 翻译理论．提出了翻译目的论。他认为目的论首要关注的是 译作目的，这个目的决定了译者需要采用何种翻译方法和 策略，才能产生功能上可以满足需要的结果，即译文。克里 斯蒂安・诺德在前人的基础上，进一步提出了文献型翻译和 工具型翻译。文献型翻译指译者用目的语再现源语文化交 际内容。包括源语的语言和文化特征：工具翻译指译者参照 原文．用目的语实现源语文化作者和目的语读者之问的交 际功能．重点是根据译文读者的需要．传递原文的交际内 容，原文的语言、文化特征只作参考。换言之，文献型翻译强 调源语文化，而工具型翻译强调译文文化。相应地，文献型 翻译多采用直译、音译、逐字翻译和“异域情调翻译”：而工具 型翻译则多采用等功能翻译、异功能翻译和类体裁翻译。 林语堂常年旅居海外，对上世纪东西文化不平等的状 态有着深刻的了解。眼看着西方人对东方文化持歧视甚至 丑化态度．于是他下定决心向西方人介绍中国文化。打破东 西文化的不平等状态，最终实现文化的平等对话与交流。正 是由于林语堂创作《京华烟云》的目的是让对中国文化不熟 悉的西方人了解当时真实的中国社会和文化，他在翻译中 国文化时，便采取以“文献型翻译”为主、“工具型翻译”为辅 的翻译策略。
京华烟云英汉对照
3. 京华烟云Moment in Peking ——Written by 林语堂, Translated by 张振玉范例欣赏：Moment in Peking（1）——Mannia’s Wedding Day Lin Yutang The next day, May the twenty-fifth, was Mannia’s wedding day. While her mother was getting things ready with the assistance of Coral and Mulan, and they were waiting for the sedan chairs to come at the proper hour, the Tseng house was in a great turmoil. There were a thousand things to prepare for the bride, and red sashes and colored festoons of silk and big lanterns to be hung up, an d the bridegroom’s rooms to be decorated. Everything had to be new, tables, candle stands, wash basins, spittoons, commodes, even the curtains and bedding on Pingya’s bed—practically everything except the bed itself on which he was sleeping. The leeks and mint herbs hung above the door by every family on the Dragon-Boat Festival at the onset of summer, had to be taken down, and red festoons hung in their place above the door and along the door jambs. A disinfection, to drive away evil air, was usually done by burning mint herbs in the house on the Dragon-Boat Festival and children carried beautiful colored silk pendants on their breasts, containing fragrant powder from herbs to ward off disease for the summer, which was the usual season for epidemics. In thi s way Pingya’s room had been fumigated before he was moved in. T he idea now however, was to make as great a change of atmosphere in the sickroom as possible, showing every where the red color of happiness to drive away any lurking evil air.On top of all these preparations, Pingya had taken a turn for the worse. He complained that he could not see clearly, and his bowels would not function. His tongue showed a thick coating, and his limbs were cold while he felt hot inside. His pulse was weak and sluggish. The doctor had to press all three fingers on his wrist to feel the pulse beat, and this was a sign the volume of blood was decreasing. Upon the varied nuances of the pulse beats and their undertones, the yun, the old doctor relied as the modern doctor relies upon the temperature chart; but it was something finely felt, to be recognized only by experience and impossible to state in figures. Although Pingya’s mind was clear, he was too weak to talk, and all morning and afternoon, he lay half-dormant, vaguely conscious that this was his wedding day.(Lin Yutang. Moment in Peking . Beijing: ForeignLanguage Teaching and Research Press, 2005 P117-118）【参考译文】京华烟云（1）——曼娘出嫁的日子第二天，五月二十五日，是曼娘出嫁的日子。
京华烟云读后感英文
京华烟云读后感英文英文回答：Jinghua Yan Yun is a classic Chinese novel written by Lin Yutang in 1939. It tells the story of the Yao family during the turbulent period of the Republic of China. The novel has been translated into many languages and has been adapted into several films and television series.The novel is set in the city of Nanjing, which was the capital of the Republic of China at the time. The Yao family is a wealthy and influential family, and the novel follows the lives of the three Yao sisters: Yun, Mei, and Zhen.Yun is the eldest sister and is a strong and independent woman. She is married to a wealthy businessman, but she is not happy in her marriage. Mei is the middle sister and is a beautiful and kind-hearted woman. She is married to a poor scholar, but she is deeply in love withhim. Zhen is the youngest sister and is a spoiled and selfish woman. She is married to a wealthy playboy, but she is not happy in her marriage.The novel follows the Yao sisters as they navigate the challenges of life in the Republic of China. They witness the rise and fall of governments, the outbreak of war, and the changing social and economic landscape.Through the story of the Yao sisters, Lin Yutang explores themes such as love, marriage, family, and the search for happiness. The novel is a rich and complex work that provides a valuable insight into Chinese history and culture.中文回答：《京华烟云》是林语堂于1939年创作的一部经典中国小说。
京华烟云简介内容英语作文
京华烟云简介内容英语作文Title: Introduction to "Jinghua Smoke and Clouds""Jinghua Smoke and Clouds" is a captivating Chinese historical drama that has gained widespread popularity both domestically and internationally. Set in the vibrant and tumultuous period of the late Qing Dynasty, the series offers viewers a glimpse into the intricate political intrigue, compelling characters, and rich cultural backdrop of that era.At its core, "Jinghua Smoke and Clouds" revolves around the life of the protagonist, Liu Ziguang, a young scholar from a humble background. Through his journey, we witness his unwavering determination, moral dilemmas, and ultimate pursuit of justice in a society plagued by corruption and power struggles.The narrative unfolds against the backdrop of a rapidly changing China, where traditional values clash with modernideologies, and where the struggle for power and influence shapes the destinies of individuals and nations alike. AsLiu Ziguang navigates this complex landscape, he encounters a diverse cast of characters, each with their own ambitions, motivations, and secrets.One of the series' greatest strengths lies in its attention to historical detail and its vivid portrayal of the cultural milieu of late Qing Dynasty China. From elaborate costumes to intricate set designs, every aspectof the production immerses viewers in the sights and sounds of a bygone era.Moreover, "Jinghua Smoke and Clouds" is not merely a historical drama; it also explores timeless themes such as love, loyalty, betrayal, and the quest for personalidentity. Through its nuanced storytelling and well-developed characters, the series resonates with audiencesof all ages and backgrounds.In addition to its captivating narrative, "Jinghua Smoke and Clouds" boasts stellar performances from its cast,led by the talented actor portraying Liu Ziguang. Each actor brings depth and authenticity to their roles, breathing life into the characters and making their struggles feel palpably real.Furthermore, the series has garnered praise for its production values, including its breathtaking cinematography, evocative musical score, and meticulous attention to historical accuracy. These elements combine to create a viewing experience that is both visually stunning and intellectually stimulating.In conclusion, "Jinghua Smoke and Clouds" stands as a testament to the enduring appeal of historical drama, captivating audiences with its compelling narrative, memorable characters, and immersive depiction of a pivotal period in Chinese history. Whether you're a history buff, a fan of intricate storytelling, or simply looking for a riveting television experience, this series is sure to enthrall and entertain.。
京华烟云 英文 幽默
京华烟云英文幽默Beijing Smoke and Clouds - Humor1. A Chinese man named Wang was visiting a friend in England. As they walked along the streets of London, Wang couldn't help but notice the heavy smoke and clouds in the air.He turned to his friend and asked, "Is this what you call Beijing Smoke and Clouds?"2. A tourist from Beijing was in New York City for the first time. As he walked around Times Square, he was amazed by the bright lights and hustle and bustle of the city.He turned to his friend and said, "I finally understand why they say New York is the international version of Beijing Smoke and Clouds!"3. Two friends were having a conversation about their travels. One had just come back from a trip to Beijing, while the other had been to London.The first friend asked, "Did you experience the famous Beijing Smoke and Clouds?"The second friend laughed and replied, "Oh, you mean the London Fog? It's nothing compared to Beijing!"4. A foreigner was visiting Beijing and couldn't help but notice the heavy pollution in the air. He turned to a local and said, "Wow,Beijing Smoke and Clouds are no joke!"The local replied with a smirk, "It's all part of the charm. We like to think of it as our own special foggy weather."5. A comedian was performing in Beijing and decided to crack a joke about the city's notorious pollution. He said, "You know why Beijing is such a beautiful place? Because the smoke and clouds hide all the imperfections!"The audience burst into laughter, knowing all too well the reality of the situation.Note: "京华烟云" is a common phrase used in China to describe the heavy smog and pollution in big cities like Beijing, which can hide the sky and buildings in a thick haze. These humorous English phrases play on the literal translation of the phrase while incorporating Western cities known for their own unique atmospheric conditions.。
《京华烟云》概述
《京华烟云》概述《京华烟云》是林语堂于1938年8月至1939年8月间在巴黎创作的一部长篇小说，英文书名为《Moment in Peking》，并于1939年发布首版英文版。
该作品在创作方法上运用了社会全景图式法，以北平曾、姚、牛三大家族从1901年义和团运动到抗日战争三十多年间的悲欢离合和恩怨情仇为主线，展现了现代中国社会风云变幻的历史风貌。
作品中描写了众多不同阶层的人物，包括政治家、商人、知识分子、农民等，展现了他们的社会地位、性格特征、为人处世的方法以及对于金钱名利等身外之物的看法。
同时，作品还穿插了多个重大历史事件，如义和团运动、八国联军入侵、辛亥革命、五四运动、军阀混战、北伐战争、抗日战争等，以及这些事件背后的中华民族的文化传统，包括政治、经济、哲学、宗教、文学、艺术、民俗等多个方面。
在人物塑造上，作品成功地塑造了一系列鲜活的人物形象，如曾家的三公子、姚家的女儿等，他们的命运和情感纠葛贯穿整个故事。
作品还通过对人物性格的刻画和命运的安排，深刻揭示了当时社会的种种问题和矛盾，如阶级分化、道德沦丧、人性扭曲等。
同时，作品也表达了对传统文化、家庭伦理、人性美好等方面的思考和追求。
在艺术手法上，《京华烟云》运用了多种文学手法，如象征、隐喻、讽刺等，使得作品在表达上更加生动、深刻。
同时，作品的语言表达也非常出色，典雅优美的文字展现了北平的风土人情和社会风貌，使得读者仿佛置身于那个时代的环境中。
总的来说，《京华烟云》是一部全景式展现中国现代社会历史风貌的经典之作，具有深刻的思想内涵、精湛的艺术手法和丰富的历史内涵。
它不仅反映了当时中国社会的现实问题和人性的复杂矛盾，也展现了文学艺术的魅力和力量。
这部作品对后来的文学创作产生了深远的影响，是中国现代文学史上的一部重要里程碑。
京华烟云英文简介
Once the big house CengPingYa childe, down with the typhoid. Mrs. CengWenBo and had first time please famous doctors, cannot be cured, once wife aiko eager, come up with marriage ChongXi way.However, with the flat and early have engagement fiancee mann n i girl, but with the father to the south to do medicinal materials. Far water does not save near fire! CengGuYou three childe, has been engaged: big childe flat and, with a man; Two childe opening and, with NiuSuYun; Three childe shoots and, with yao mo sorrow. In contrast, mann ni family bitter some, and cattle home and yao home, are unique.Under the feeling be nasty, Mrs. Once put forward let yao mo sorrow instead of mann ni marry flat the, do not want to was not sorrow strong refused, for mo sorrow like is fungus and in the eyes of the elders - this dude.Yao's wife and don't worry about big noisy, just eldest sister mulan from mount tai play back. Don't worry if encounter savior, to save her sister. Mulan for sister injustice, with deep feeling answer, help mo sorrow to escape the robbery. YaoMuLan intelligent clever, play comprehensive, although is a woman of the generation, but often make man can't do, battle righteousness and atmosphere.In the arrangement of mulan, mo sorrow escape marriage leave, to be settled in the magnolia in mount taishan to meet young KongLiFu abode, but she didn't expect is the hasty move, but let her into a lifelong regret.Once home there want to good things come in pairs, persuaded the daughter of the cattle meat clouds and front and get married, but the sorrow escape marriage news lets two tangle, mulan see for yourself and cause confusion, made a lifelong regret decision: generation sister get married, marry flat and! This lets have wife pleasantly surprised! And there the house of cattle two childe NiuHuaiYu use their relationship on the ground found mo sorrow, a see under surprised is nature and man, how also did not want to tell the news was home.The wedding will be held on schedule, flat and insufficient anyway, he have to wait mann ni came, and they entreated in family, the man her back, but once wife have a selfish idea, she this don't like mo sorrow, this "godsend can for a lamb, she decided to let the mulan marry shoots the! It is her a self, make originally love replaced by a pair of friends!Wedding day, once home one day three marry, very lively, but three bridal chamber but different scenery, flat and and a man full of tender feelings, say a loving, opening and be NiuSuYun to a run, submit to humiliat ion; And the most embarrassing is fungus and and the pair of mulan, fungus and think marry is not sorrow, mulan thought to marry is flat and, in the face of the truth, two men in the hearts of all inwardly, who also ignore who, bridal chamber night so over.Man afraid of choose the wrong line, female afraid of married the wrong lang. This a wrong, it is a lifetime of pain, and the bottom of pain. , the mo sorrow because sister marry shoots the, bear grudges mulan, NiuSuYun because when I married mulan steal her thunder, everywhere and resist mulan, fungus and more of her cold, only this mulan under, but also on the outside of the performance of the decent thoughtful... But shoots the but no matter so much, the mood depressed in his servant girl on the screen to find comfort, two of them secretly in love......ChongXi did not save flat and life, soon flat and he died, and was therefore a serious illness Mrs. A! YaoMuLan and shoots and what is done cannot be undone, no matter whether in love, the day all want to live!Shoots the screen and difficult love each other, finally found out, YaoMuLan first notice, but for wagging the dog, she did not disclose, mulan's the pain, only one person can pour out, is he made. Naturally, she put her husband made as the bosom friend, made husband often try to tell mulan, looking at good integrity of the husband made. Mulan really regret decision! Now have to admit that his own marriage, is life the biggest failure!Mulan want shoots and go to England to study abroad, in order to solve her and shoots and between the screen and the problems you have had, home of course agree, but shoots and would not, he simply offered to marry screen, this lets have wife is very angry.Fungus once go, Mrs. Once the screen out of the house. But shoots and not to the UK and soon came back, he and screen out became home, also gave birth to a boy called the bowen. This caused a storm in a teacup, once home to make up and down as a bee, mulan also thoroughly sad disappointed, decisions and shoots the divorce, in mulan returned to have home ready to divorce of that day of, once home happened changed all that! Screen because once home to bowen away and the door theory, under dispute, see son away hopeless and crashed stone and wu, fungus and walks at a draught, dottiness, Mrs. Once ask mulan don't mention the divorce of. Mulan promised down. This time, such petition, mulan how can you refuse to have?Yao home because buy wangfu things have sinned against cattle home, also influence the NiuHuaiYu and don't worry about the feelings between, and the home do not agree with NiuHuaiYu pursue mo sorrow, it also for the future of the house of cattle ruined buried the seed.Cattle home Catholic ZiNiu synonymy want to break up NiuHuaiYu and mo sorrow, unexpectedly design lets a person violence the mo sorrow! Don't worry about the grief and indignation crushed, the property the buddhist nun. Bull's evildoing angered mulan, through made husband help find platform impeachment cow house, the house of cattle malfeasance, sparked anger, and sometimes found finally confiscation of property, cattle like way committal, cattle synonymy executed, the mo sorrow in disgrace, come down in the NiuHuaiYu made this big change nature.Don't worry, and made in magnolia husband and shoots the concern, gradually regain the courage of life, and finally return to yao's home, and made husband got married, wedding day YaoFu a piece of festival. But the crowd, only see mulan. And at that time, mulan is suffering from a woman the most happy pain - magnolia gave birth to her and shoots the daughter: ah mui.City situation, has not messy clean up! CengWenBo also came to the end of life, after his death, had wife fell ill, CengGuQuan by mulan independent support, at this time, NiuHuaiYu come back from Japan, vowed to revive cattle home, he hasn't forget not sorrow, new and old hatred let he framed up made husband, mulan alone make risk, risking honor not protect risk rescued made husband, in jail, mulan also to make husband profession a long buried feelings...Look around the YaoSiAn home, meet Japan was arrested for help a tyrant to do evil meat cloud events, AnLi element cloud should be put to death, YaoSiAn, di non to its reform since the new opportunities, grain cloud released. Heart is touched.Anti-Japanese War broke out, the war, the Japanese extremely cruel, a man hanged himself in the quarter. NiuHuai。
京华烟云英文版
Chapter 1It was the morning of the twentieth of July, 1900. A party of mule carts were lined up at the western entrance of the Matajen Hutung, a street in the East of City of Peking, part of the mules and carts extending to the alley running north and south along the pink wallsof the Big Buddha Temple. The cart drivers were early; they had come there at dawn, and there was quite a hubbub in that early morning,as was always the case with these noisy drivers.Lota, an old man of about fifty and head servant of the family that had engaged the carts for a long journey, was smoking a pipe and watching the drivers feeding the mules; and the drivers were joking and quarreling with each other. When they could not joke about each other¡¯s animals and the animals¡¯ ancestors, they joked about themselves. ¡°In such times,¡± said one, ¡°who can tell whether one comes back dead or alive after this journey?¡±¡°You are well paid for it, aren¡¯t you?¡± said Lota. ¡°You can buya farm with a hundred taels of silver.¡±¡°What is the use of silver when you are dead?¡± replied the driver. ¡°Those bullets from foreign rifles doesn¡¯t recognize persons.Peng-teng! It goes through your brain-cap and you are already acorpse with a crooked queue. Look at the belly of this mule! Canflesh stay bullets? But what can you do? One has to earn a living.¡± ¡°It¡¯s difficult to say,¡± rejoined another. ¡°Once the foreign soldiers come into the city, Peking won¡¯t be such a good place tolive in, either. For myself, I¡¯m glad to get away..¡±Ö»The sun rose from the east shone upon the entrance to the house, making the leaves of the big colanut tree glisten with the dew. This was the Yao house. It was not an imposing entrance ¨C a small black door with a red disc in the center. The colanut tree cast its shade over the entrance, and a driver was sitting on a low stone tabletsunk into the ground. The morning was delightful, and yet itpromised to be a hot day with a clear sky. A medium-sized earthenjar was standing near the tree, which provided tea in hot summerdays for thirsty wayfarers. But it was still empty. Noticing the jar, a driver remarked, ¡°Your master does good deeds.¡±Lota replied there was no better man on earth than their master. He pointed to a slip of red paper pasted near the doorpost, which the driver could not read; but Lota explained to him that it said that medicines against cholera, colic, and dysentery would be given freeto anybody.¡°That¡¯s something important,¡± said the driver. ¡°You¡¯d bettergive us some of that medicine for journey.¡±¡°Why should you worry about medicine when you are traveling withour master?¡± said Lota. ¡°Isn¡¯t it the same whether you carry itor our master carries it?¡±The drivers tried to pry out of Lota information about the family. Lota merely told them that his master was an owner of medicine shops. Soon the master appeared to see that all was in order. He was a manof about forty, short, stumpy, with bushy eyebrows and pouches under the eyes, and no beard, but a very health complexion. His hair wasstill perfectly black. He walked with a young, steady gait, withslow but firm steps. It was obviously the gait of a trained Chinese athlete, in which the body preserved an absolute poise, ready for a surprise attack at any unsuspected moment from the front, the side,or behind. One foot was firmly planted on the ground, while theother leg was in a forward, slightly bent and open, self-protective position, so that he could never be thrown out of his balance. He greeted the drivers and, noticing the jar, reminded Lota to keep it daily filled with tea as usual during his absence.¡°You¡¯re a good man,¡± chorused the drivers.He went in, and soon appeared a beautiful young woman. She had small feet and exquisite jet-black hair done in a loose coiffure, and wore an old broad-sleeved pink jacket, trimmed around the collar and the sleeve ends with a three-inch broad, very pale green satin. Shetalked freely with the drivers and showed none of the shyness ususal among higher-class Chinese young women. She asked if all the muleshad been fed, and disappeared again.¡°What luck your master has!¡± exclaimed one young driver. ¡°A good man always is rewarded with good luck. Such a young and pretty concubine!¡±¡°Rot your tongue!¡± said Lota. ¡°Our master has no concubines. That young woman is his adopted daughter and a widow.¡±The young driver slapped his own face in fun, and the others laughed. Soon another servant and a number of pretty maids, from twelve or thirteen to eighteen in age, came out with bedding, packages, andlittle pots. The driver were rather dazzled, but dared not passfuther comments. A boy of thirteen followed, and Lota told thedrivers it was the young master.After half an hour of this confusion, the departing family came out. The beautiful young woman appeared again with two girls, bothdressed very simply in white cotton jackets, one with green, theother with violet trousers. You can always tell a daughter of awell-to-do family from a maidservant by her greater leisurelinessand quietness of manner; and the fact that young woman was holding their hands showed the drivers these two were the daughters of the family.¡°Hisaochieh, come into my cart,¡± said the young driver. ¡°Theother¡¯s mule is bad.¡±Mulan, the girl, thought and compared. The other cart had a smaller mule, but his driver had a more jovial appearance. On the other hand, this young driver had ugly sores on his head. Mulan chose by thedriver rather than the mule.So important are little things in our life, perfectly meaningless in themselves, but as we look back upon them in their chain of causeand effect, we realize they are sometimes fraught with momentous consequences. If the young driver had not had sores on his head, and Mulan had not got into the other cart with the small and sickly-looking mule, things would not have happened on this journey as they did, and the course of Mulan¡¯s whole life would have been altered.In the midst of the hustle, Mulan heard her mother scolding Silver-screen, a maid of sixteen in the other cart, for being overpaintedand overdressed. Silver-screen was embarrassed before everybody; and Bluehaze, the elder maid of nineteen, assisting the mother into her cart, was silently smiling, being secretly glad that she had known better than to overdress for this journey and had listened to the mistress¡¯s instructions.You could see at a glance that the mother was the ruler of thefamily. She was a woman in the middle thirties, broad-shouldered,square-faced, and inclined to be stout; and she spoke in a clear, commanding voice.When everybody was well seated and ready to start, a little maid of eleven, whose name was Frankincense, was seen crying at the door. She was utterly miserable about being left behind to stay alone with Lota and the other servants.¡°Let her come along,¡± Mulan¡¯s father said to his wife. ¡°She can at least help fill the tobacco for your water pipe.¡±So, at the last moment, Frankincense jumped into the maid¡¯s cart. Everybody seemed to have found a place. Mrs. Yao shouted to the maids to let down the bamboo screen at the front of their covered cart, and not to peep out too much.There were five covered carts, with one pony among the mules. The maternal uncle, Feng, and the young boy led the party, followed by the mother, riding with the elder maid, Bluehaze, who was holding a baby two years old. In the third cart were Mulan and her sister Mochow and the adopted daughter, whose name was Coral. The three other maids, Silverscreen, Brocade, fourteen, and little Frankincense, were in the next cart. Mr. Yao, the father, sat alone and brought up the rear. His son Tijen had avoided riding in the same cart with him, and had preferred the uncle.A manservant, Lotung, who was the brother of Lota, sat on theoutside in Mr. Yao¡¯s cart, one leg crossed on the shaft and oneleft dangling.To the people who had gathered to watch the departing family, Mrs. Yao loudly announced that they were going for a few days to their relatives in the Western Hills, although actually they were going south.Whatever their destination, it was obvious to the passers-by that they were fleeing from the oncoming allied European troops who were marching upon Peking because of the Boxer uprising.And so with a waddle-ho! And ta¡-tr! And crackings of whips, the party started. The children were all excited, for it was their first trip to their Hangchow home, about which they had heard theirparents speak so often.Mulan greatly admired her father. He had refused to flee from Peking until the evening of the eighteenth; and, now that they had decided to seek safety in their home at Hangchow, he had made extremely cool and unperturbed preparations for the departure. For Mr. Yao was a true Taoist, and refused to be excited.¡°Excitement is not good for the soul,¡± Mulan heard her father say. Another argument of his was: ¡°When you yourself are right, nothing that happens to you can ever be wrong.¡± In later life Mulan had many occasions to think about this saying of her father¡¯s, and it became a sort of philosophy for her, from which she derived much of her good cheer and courage. A world in which nothing that happens to you can ever be wrong is a good, cheerful world, and one has courage to live and to endure.War clouds had been in the air since May. The allied foreign troops had taken the fort at the seacoast, but the railway to Peking had been destroyed by the Boxers, who had grown in power and popularity and swarmed over the countryside.The Empress Dowager had hesitated between avoiding a war with the foreign powers and using the Boxers, a strange, unknown, frighteningforce whose one object was to destroy the foreigners in China and who claimed magical powers and magic protection against foreign bullets. The Court issued orders one day for the arrest of the Boxer leaders, and the next day appointed the pro-Boxer Prince Tuan as minister for foreign affairs. Court intrigue played an importantpart in this reversal of the decision to suppress the Boxers. The Empress Dowager had already deprived her nephew the Emperor of his actual power, and was planning to depose him. She favored Prince Tuan¡¯s son, a worthless rascal, as successor£¨¼Ì³ÐÕߣ© to the throne. Thinking that a foreign war would increase his personal power and obtain the throne for his son, Prince Tuan encouraged the Empress Dowager to believe that the Boxers had threatened to capture ¡°one Dragon and two Tigers¡± to sacrifice to heaven for betrayal of their nation, the ¡°Dragon¡± being the reformist Emperor whose¡°hundred days of reform¡± two years earlier had shocked the conservative mandarinate, and the ¡°Tigers¡± being the elderlyPrince Ching and Li Huangchang, who had been in charge of theforeign policy.Prince Tuan forged a joint note from the diplomatic crops of Peking, asking the Empress Dowager to restore the Emperor to actual power, thus making the old woman believe that the foreign powers stood in the way of her plan to depose the Emperor, so that she decided to throw in her lot with the Boxers, whose secret of power was their war cry of ¡°driving out the Oceanic People.¡± Some enlightened cabinet ministers had opposed the Boxers on account of the burningof the Euopean Legations, advocated by the Boxers, which was against Western usage; but these opponents had been killed by the power of Prince Tuan. The Chancellor of the University had committed hara-kiri by disemboweling himself.The Boxers were actually within the capital. A lieutenant colonel who had been sent out to fight them had been ambushed and killed, and his soldiers had joined the Boxers. Hightly popular and triumphant, the Boxers had captured Peking, killing foreigners and Christian Chinese and burning their churches. The diplomatic crops protested, but Kang Yi, sent to ¡°investigate¡± the Boxers, reported that they were ¡°sent from Heaven to drive out the Oceanic People and wipe out China¡¯s shame¡± and secretly let tens of thousands of them into the capital.Once inside, the Boxers, under the covert protection of the Empress Dowager and Prince Tuan, terrorized the city. They roamed the streets, hunting and killing ¡°First Hairies¡± and ¡°Second andThird Hairies.¡± The ¡°First Hairies¡± were the foreigners; the¡°Second and Third Hairies¡± were the Christians, clerks in foreign firms, and any other English-speaking Chinese. They went about burning churches and foreign houses, destroying foreign mirrors, foreign umbrellas, foreign clocks, and foreign paintings. Actually they killed more Chinese than foreigners. Their method of proving a Chinese to be a ¡°Second Hairy¡± was simple. Suspects were made to kneel before a Boxer altar in the open street, while a piece of paper containing a message to their patron god was burned, and the suspect was pronounced guilty or not guilty according to whether the ashes flew up or flew down. Altars would be set up in the streets toward sunset, and the people who showed obedience to the Boxers would burn incense while they danced their monkey dance, the MonkeySpirit being one of the most popular of their patron gods. The smell of incense filled the streets, and once could believe oneself living in the magic land of Hsiyuchi once more. Even important officialshad set up altars and invited the Boxer leaders to their homes, and servants had joined the Boxers to tyrannize over their masters.Mr. Yao, being a well-read man and in sympathy with the reformist Emperor, thought the whole thing silly and dangerous child¡¯s play, but kept his convictions to himself. He had his own good reasons tobe ¡°antiforeign¡± in a sense, and hated the church as a foreign religion protected by a superior foreign power; but he was too intelligent to approve of the Boxers, and was grateful that Lota and his brother Lotung had kept away from the rabble.There was fighting in the city. The German minister had been fallen upon and murdered by Kansu soldiers. The Legation Quarter was under siege, and the Legation Guards had been holding out for two months, waiting for relief from Tientsin. Yung Lu, one of the most trusted men of the Empress Dowager, who was put in command of the Imperial Guards to attack the Legations, was not in favor of the attack and secretly gave orders for their protection. But whole blocks of thecity near the Legation Quarter had been razed to the ground, andwhole streets in the South City burned down. The city was truly more in the hands of the Boxers than of the Government. Even the water carriers and toilet cleaners were not allowed to pursue theirbusiness unless they had red and yellow turbans wound around their heads.All through this period Mr. Yao had refused to consider moving. Allhe consented to was to destroy a few big foreign mirrors in his home and a collapsible foreign telescope that he had bought as acuriosity. His house was a little out of the zone of greatdestruction. To his wife¡¯s pleadings for flight from the killing, looting, and turmoil, he did not reply; he refused to consider them. The country around was swarming with troops, and Mr. Yao thoughtthat it was better to sit still than to make a move. He believedthat men contrive, but the gods decide; and he was willing to take things as they came.His calm and nonchalance exasperated his wife. She accused him of intending to live and die with his curios and his garden. But whenthe allied troops were actually approaching there was a real fear of a sack of the city, and she said, ¡°If you don¡¯t care for your life, you must think of these little children.¡±This argument drove home, although he said, ¡°How do you know itwill be safer on the way?¡±So on the afternoon of July 18 they decided to go. He thought thatif they could get mule carts and go straight south to Tehchow(µÂÖÝ), the first city in Shantung, an eight- or nine-day journey, theywould then be safe. The new governor of Shantung had driven theBoxers out of his province by force and so preserved peace and order. The Boxers had originated in Shantung, because it was there that several ¡°religious incidents¡± had taken place, including the one which caused the leasing of Tsingtao(Çൺ) to the Germans and the dismissal of the previous governor, Yu Hsien, who had encouraged the Boxers.One day the new governor, Yuan Shikai, had asked a Boxer leader to come to him to prove their magic powers. He ordered ten Boxers tostand in line and face a firing squad armed with modern rifles. At a signal, his men fired and, marvelous to behold, the ten Boxers were unhurt; the rifles had not been loaded. The Boxers chief was elated, and cried, ¡°You see¡-!¡± Before he had finished the governorhimself drew a revolver and killed the Boxers one by one. That had finished the Boxers in Shantung, and after a brief campaign they all drifted over to Chihli.Flight through Tientsin was impossible. If Peking was in a state of pandemonium, Tientsin was in a state of hell; and the route to it was in the direct line of battle. Refugees from Tientsin to the capital said that traffic on the Grand Canal was jammed for miles, and boats had been known to make only half a mile advance in a whole day. So they were to go by land south to Tehchow, on the Shantung border, before taking a boat on the Grand Canal; and because there were hunhun, or bandits, outside Yungtingmen Gate, they must go by way of the Marco Polo Bridge, and follow the route to Chochow before they struck southeastward.They journey from Tehchow down the Grand Canal to Shanghai and Hangchow would be safe also, because the governors in southeast China had signed an agreement with the foreign consuls to preserve peace and protect foreign lives and property, so that the Boxer conflict had been strictly localized in the north.¡°When are we leaving?¡± asked Mrs. Yao.¡°The day after tomorrow,¡± replied her husband. ¡°We have toarrange for the mule carts. Then we have to do a little packing.¡± Now that she had won her point, Mrs. Yao was dismayed at the thought of packing.¡°How can I do it in a day?¡± she exclaimed. ¡°There are all the trunks and carpets and furs and jewels ¨C and your curios.¡±¡°Never mind about my curios,¡± said Mr. Yao curtly. ¡°Leave the house entirely as it is. There¡¯s nothing to pack, except some summer clothing and some silver for the journey. We are not taking a pleasure trip; we are fleeing in war. I shall leave Lota and a few servants to guard the house. It may be looted by the Boxers. Secondly, it may be looted by the soldiers. Thirdly, it may belooted by the foreign troops. And fourthly, the whole house may be burned down, whether you roll up your carpets and pack your trunksor not. If we escape all these, we escape; and if we lose, welose.¡±¡°But all our furs and treasures?¡± said his wife.¡°How many carts are we going to take? The men and women alone will need five carts, and I am not sure we can find even that many.¡± Later, he called Lota to the hall. Lota had been with the family for years, and was himself a distant relative from Mrs. Yao¡¯s village. The master knew he could trust his entire fortune to his hands.¡°Lota,¡± he said, ¡°tomorrow I shall pack up a few things with you, the porcelain and jade and the best paintings, and store them away. But we will leave all the cabinets and stands as they are. If any looters come, offer no resistance but ask them to help themselves. Do not risk your old life for these trash and rubbish! They are not worth it.¡±He instructed Feng, his wife¡¯s brother, who was managing the business of the household and looking after their medicine shops and tea firms, to go next day for some silver and gold for the journey,in ingots and broken pieces. Feng was also to call on the Imperial Physician and see if he could get some sort of official protectionon the journey.In the dead of the night, Mr. Yao, who was sleeping alone in hisstudio in the southwest court, got up and woke Lota. He told Lota to light a lamp and follow him to the back garden, bringing a hoe and shovel, and to make no noise whatsoever. So they went out, oldmaster and old servant, with six Chou and Han bronzes and several dozens of jade pieces and seal stones, that he had himself packed up carefully in sandalwood boxes, and buried them under the date treein the garden. There they worked for over an hour under the light of the lamp and the summer stars.Cheerful and really excited, Mr. Yao came back into the house before anyone was up. The dew was heavy, and Lota, coughing a little, suggested that he should go and make a pot of hot tea.Mr. Yao often slept alone and he had no concubines. As head of a wealthy family, he had no great interests outside his books andcurios and his children. He had no concubines for a double reason. First, because his wife would not permit it. Second, because therehad been an abrupt change in his life at his thirtieth year, when he married Mulan¡¯s mother. Then a sensuous, adventurous rogue and playboy became a Taoist sain. His life before then was a completedark chapter to his family. He had drunk, grambled, ridden on horseback, fenced, boxed, philandered and kept a sing-song artist,had traveled widely and known the best society. Suddenly he changed. His father died a year after his marriage and left him a hugefortune in medicine shops and tea firms in Hangchow, Soochw, Yangchow, and Peking, with regular service of herbs from Szechuen,and a few pawnshops besides. The spiritual history of this man inthat period was so hidden in mystery that even his wife did not know whether he had reformed after marrying her or before. He stopped not only his gambling and the reckless drinking, for which he had enormous capacity, his philandering and otherwise abusing his magnificent constitution, but he also stopped attending to business, leaving the management to his wife¡¯s brother, Feng, who was a thoroughly able businessman.In those days between 1898 and 1900, ¡°new thought¡± was in the air, advocated by those coup detat when the Emperor was imprisoned in the Palace. Mr. Yao read and absorbed the new ideas in the current books and magazines.While Lota went to make tea for him, old Yao, instead of turning to his wife¡¯s court. He lay on the covered earthen bed and thoughtabout the things he had to do that day. Whenever he started a period of physical regiment for himself, he always slept in his studio. He would get up at exactly midnight, cross his legs and sit in position, perform the regular number of rubbings on his forehead, the sides of his head, his cheeks and chin, then his palms and feet, and begin to control his breath and practice deep abdominal breathing andregulate the swallow of his saliva. Thus with his circulation stimulated and breathing controlled he could hear, in the deepsilence of the night, his own intestinal fluid circulating and nourishing the lower abdomen where the whole center of spiritualforce lay. He would do this for about ten minutes, or sometimesfifteen or twenty minutes, for the purpose of nourishing his chi, orsimple nervous energy. At regular intervals he would repeat the regular rubbings of his palms and feet. But he would never tire himself out, and would stop when he reached a state of excellentwell-being, his body glowing with the blood coursing down his legs, a sweet exquisite sensation. Then he would relax and lie down and sleep a perfect sound sleep.Lota lifted the screen and entered with a tea pot in his hand, and, pouring a hot cup, brought it to the bed. Old Yao gargled with the tea and spat it into a spittoon.¡°Laoyeh, the journey will be strenuous,¡± Lota said, ¡°and you should rest yourself today. I do not know whether we can finddrivers and carts. The man is coming in to report this morning.¡±He poured another cup for his master.¡°I have thought over the matter,¡± he continued. ¡°It is betterthat Second Master Feng stay behind. The responsibility is too great for me. But take Bluehaze, Brocade, Silverscreen, and Frankincense. At such times as these, girls only bring trouble.¡±¡°That¡¯s right,¡± said Yao. ¡°Ask Ting and Chang to come and guard the house with you. But Second Master will go with us.¡± Ting and Chang were old employees of the medicine shop on Morrison Street, which lay a distance south of the house. Because Yao¡¯s shop selling Chinese medicines and tea leaves clearly had nothing to do with the foreigners, it had thus far been spared by the looters.¡°I will. But nobody else,¡± replied Lota. ¡°The fewer people in the house, the less cause for trouble. But the shop?¡±¡°The Chen brothers will remain there. There is nothing to steal except some grass roots and pepper and herbs. What do they wantthese for? We have no foreign mirrors for them to smash, and in any case the shop will be closed until things improve. Several days ago the foreign shop Powei was looted. They smashed all the watches, clocks, and glasses. Someone took a bottle of foreign perfume for foreign wine and drank it. He turned white and fell on the floor and shouted that he had been poisoned by foreign concoctions. A boy working in the firm said they smashed the electric talking machine and cut the wire because they thought it was a devilish land-mine to blow them up. Someone caught up a foreign manikin, tore off the dress, and carried the naked foreign woman across the street. The crowd cheered and had the greatest fun out of that lady. Childrenran and scrambled for her golden hair and started to fight among themselves¡- ¡± Lota and old Yao laughed together.It was now broad daylight, and there were noise in the courtyards. Lota rolled dawn the paper on the window, remarking that it would be a hot day. Summer nights in Peking are always cool, and during the hot days, the rooms all being on the ground floor, the inhabitants roll down the tissue paper on their windows to keep the rooms cool like a cellar. This year Yao did not have a mat shed built thirty or forty feet high over the roofs and courtyard, as in other summers, which gave a perfect shade to the whole house like a big tree, yet permitted the movement of air. There were too many fires in the city during the May troubles, and such a mat shed made of wooden poles and a roof of bamboo matting would have made a perfect trap for fire to spread to the house.。
京华烟云 英文介绍
In this dramatization of Dumas's 1845 novel, a wrongly imprisoned Frenchman learns of a vast buried treasure, escapes from prison, finds the treasure, and comes to Paris to be revenged on those who imprisoned him.
Moment in Peking is an historical novel originally written in English by the Chinese American author Lin Yutang. The novel covers the turbulent events in China from 1900 to 1938 including
Kung Lifu (Kong Lifu, 孔立夫)
A scholar and Yao Mochow's husband, he originally fell in love with Mulan, but married Mochow.
Yao Mochow (Yao Mochou, 姚莫愁)
Yao Mulan's sister, she is also very clever and attractive. She had been in love with Sunya but a misunderstanding with Lihua separated them. She went out with Niu HuaiYu and finally married Lifu.
最新《京华烟云》读后感范文
【导读】?京华烟云?是林语堂旅居巴黎时，于1938年8月至1939年8月间用英文写就的长篇小说，英文书名为?Moment in Peking?，?京华烟云?是他转译为中文后的书名，也有译本将这本书译为?瞬息京华?，1939年公布首版英文版。
更多相关内容请关注我读后感频道！【篇一】?京华烟云?读后感范文林语堂一直是我非常喜爱的一个学着，他学贯中西，更主要的是，他总是让人觉得很和气，从不会板起面孔教育人。
同时一本著作，不同的人肯定会有不同的解读，里面让我印象最深的是主人翁姚思安，他很显然是道教学派的忠诚信徒，道教和儒家有什么区别，从里面的三大家祖可以看出了，一个是姚家，书香门第，富有之家，生意做的很大；另一个是曾家，显然他的家族代表儒家思想的代表，为人处世，遵从礼节，对孩子的教育也非常严格；另外一家就是牛家，是追逐权贵和利益的代表，虽然也从书上学到了装饰门面的所谓“学术〞，但只不过是沽名吊益的一种粉饰和手段而已。
从义和团运动到抗日战争爆发，中国当时属于一个动乱的年代。
在世事变迁中，无论那家都无法幸免于难，但在面对同样的动乱和不按时，他们的反映和最后的结果却大大不同。
姚思安，道家的代表，认为一切都是虚无的，当一切繁华过后，一切都化为虚无，最后他很安静的离开了人士，在世人的严峻，他似乎真的成了仙人，可以遇见未来，最后安稳平静的离世。
曾家，以儒家思想为主导，当一切变故发生的时候，他的反映，是对世事的不满和愤怒，最后在悲伤中离开了人世。
而牛家，荣华享尽，风头尽显，成了日本人的走过，最后成了人们的笑柄，日本人刀下的鱼肉，让世人讥笑。
虽然对儒家和道家理解不够深刻，但我的`感觉是儒家总喜欢认为自己是对的，别人是错的，告诉你如何处事，如何做人。
被称之为出世的哲学，如果要工作，要入世，处处都能感到儒家的影响。
而道家总是给人一种很随意的感觉，他认为天人合一，一切顺其自然，可以说是一种生活的哲学。
对一切都抱着一种开放的态度，可以承受所有的观点，经常认为自己是错的，自己是微缺乏道的。
《京华烟云》：用现代英语展示中国传统文化
Moment in Peking:to reveal Chinese traditional culture through modern English 作者： 张敏
作者机构： 重庆教育学院外语系，重庆400067
出版物刊名： 重庆教育学院学报
页码： 50-52页
主题词： 中国传统文化 英语 现代 展示 烟云 社会历史 人物形象 时空隧道 林语堂 多事件气势
摘要：林语堂的<京华烟云>之所以获得巨大成功,就是因为他运用现代英语展示了源远流长的中国传统文化:这部巨著以现代英语为载体,以恢宏的气势描绘了一幅中国社会历史风俗长卷;塑造了一系列栩栩如生的人物形象,特别是女性形象浸透了中国传统巾帼的神情风韵;一个"道"字更是力透纸背,穿越历史的时空隧道成为牵引众多事件和人物的主线.。
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Once the big house CengPingYa childe, down with the typhoid. Mrs. CengWenBo and had first time please famous doctors, cannot be cured, once wife aiko eager, come up with marriage ChongXi way.However, with the flat and early have engagement fiancee mann n i girl, but with the father to the south to do medicinal materials. Far water does not save near fire! CengGuYou three childe, has been engaged: big childe flat and, with a man; Two childe opening and, with NiuSuYun; Three childe shoots and, with yao mo sorrow. In contrast, mann ni family bitter some, and cattle home and yao home, are unique.Under the feeling be nasty, Mrs. Once put forward let yao mo sorrow instead of mann ni marry flat the, do not want to was not sorrow strong refused, for mo sorrow like is fungus and in the eyes of the elders - this dude.Yao's wife and don't worry about big noisy, just eldest sister mulan from mount tai play back. Don't worry if encounter savior, to save her sister. Mulan for sister injustice, with deep feeling answer, help mo sorrow to escape the robbery. YaoMuLan intelligent clever, play comprehensive, although is a woman of the generation, but often make man can't do, battle righteousness and atmosphere.In the arrangement of mulan, mo sorrow escape marriage leave, to be settled in the magnolia in mount taishan to meet young KongLiFu abode, but she didn't expect is the hasty move, but let her into a lifelong regret.Once home there want to good things come in pairs, persuaded the daughter of the cattle meat clouds and front and get married, but the sorrow escape marriage news lets two tangle, mulan see for yourself and cause confusion, made a lifelong regret decision: generation sister get married, marry flat and! This lets have wife pleasantly surprised! And there the house of cattle two childe NiuHuaiYu use their relationship on the ground found mo sorrow, a see under surprised is nature and man, how also did not want to tell the news was home.The wedding will be held on schedule, flat and insufficient anyway, he have to wait mann ni came, and they entreated in family, the man her back, but once wife have a selfish idea, she this don't like mo sorrow, this "godsend can for a lamb, she decided to let the mulan marry shoots the! It is her a self, make originally love replaced by a pair of friends!Wedding day, once home one day three marry, very lively, but three bridal chamber but different scenery, flat and and a man full of tender feelings, say a loving, opening and be NiuSuYun to a run, submit to humiliat ion; And the most embarrassing is fungus and and the pair of mulan, fungus and think marry is not sorrow, mulan thought to marry is flat and, in the face of the truth, two men in the hearts of all inwardly, who also ignore who, bridal chamber night so over.Man afraid of choose the wrong line, female afraid of married the wrong lang. This a wrong, it is a lifetime of pain, and the bottom of pain. , the mo sorrow because sister marry shoots the, bear grudges mulan, NiuSuYun because when I married mulan steal her thunder, everywhere and resist mulan, fungus and more of her cold, only this mulan under, but also on the outside of the performance of the decent thoughtful... But shoots the but no matter so much, the mood depressed in his servant girl on the screen to find comfort, two of them secretly in love......ChongXi did not save flat and life, soon flat and he died, and was therefore a serious illness Mrs. A! YaoMuLan and shoots and what is done cannot be undone, no matter whether in love, the day all want to live!Shoots the screen and difficult love each other, finally found out, YaoMuLan first notice, but for wagging the dog, she did not disclose, mulan's the pain, only one person can pour out, is he made. Naturally, she put her husband made as the bosom friend, made husband often try to tell mulan, looking at good integrity of the husband made. Mulan really regret decision! Now have to admit that his own marriage, is life the biggest failure!Mulan want shoots and go to England to study abroad, in order to solve her and shoots and between the screen and the problems you have had, home of course agree, but shoots and would not, he simply offered to marry screen, this lets have wife is very angry.Fungus once go, Mrs. Once the screen out of the house. But shoots and not to the UK and soon came back, he and screen out became home, also gave birth to a boy called the bowen. This caused a storm in a teacup, once home to make up and down as a bee, mulan also thoroughly sad disappointed, decisions and shoots the divorce, in mulan returned to have home ready to divorce of that day of, once home happened changed all that! Screen because once home to bowen away and the door theory, under dispute, see son away hopeless and crashed stone and wu, fungus and walks at a draught, dottiness, Mrs. Once ask mulan don't mention the divorce of. Mulan promised down. This time, such petition, mulan how can you refuse to have?Yao home because buy wangfu things have sinned against cattle home, also influence the NiuHuaiYu and don't worry about the feelings between, and the home do not agree with NiuHuaiYu pursue mo sorrow, it also for the future of the house of cattle ruined buried the seed.Cattle home Catholic ZiNiu synonymy want to break up NiuHuaiYu and mo sorrow, unexpectedly design lets a person violence the mo sorrow! Don't worry about the grief and indignation crushed, the property the buddhist nun. Bull's evildoing angered mulan, through made husband help find platform impeachment cow house, the house of cattle malfeasance, sparked anger, and sometimes found finally confiscation of property, cattle like way committal, cattle synonymy executed, the mo sorrow in disgrace, come down in the NiuHuaiYu made this big change nature.Don't worry, and made in magnolia husband and shoots the concern, gradually regain the courage of life, and finally return to yao's home, and made husband got married, wedding day YaoFu a piece of festival. But the crowd, only see mulan. And at that time, mulan is suffering from a woman the most happy pain - magnolia gave birth to her and shoots the daughter: ah mui.City situation, has not messy clean up! CengWenBo also came to the end of life, after his death, had wife fell ill, CengGuQuan by mulan independent support, at this time, NiuHuaiYu come back from Japan, vowed to revive cattle home, he hasn't forget not sorrow, new and old hatred let he framed up made husband, mulan alone make risk, risking honor not protect risk rescued made husband, in jail, mulan also to make husband profession a long buried feelings...Look around the YaoSiAn home, meet Japan was arrested for help a tyrant to do evil meat cloud events, AnLi element cloud should be put to death, YaoSiAn, di non to its reform since the new opportunities, grain cloud released. Heart is touched.Anti-Japanese War broke out, the war, the Japanese extremely cruel, a man hanged himself in the quarter. NiuHuai。