专业学位硕士研究生英语
(完整word版)专业学位硕士研究生英语教程12
unit 12EducationPreviewEducation has long been given a priority in a civilized society。
It is mostly believed that the sole responsibility for educating students lies on teachers，and for any wrong—doing in students' behavior and any low achievement in students' performance teachers are to blame. Is it fair? Education is a constructive and cooperative job。
Virtually, parents have a critical role to play in the process of child education。
How should teachers and parents work together to provide better cultivation to children? Maybe，we need more parents to put more effort into their parenting and into creating the environment in which their children come to school ready and willing to learn.I．Text ReadingWarm—upHow should parents raise their children properly，and create a better circumstance for their children？Parents are the first teachers for their children. Parents' behavior，efforts they take，and the surroundings they create have critical impact on their children。
专业学位硕士研究生英语Unit 3
After four years of warfare, the Soviet Union emerged as one of the world's two superpowers, extending its influence into much of Eastern Europe and beyond. The Cold War, a global ideological and political struggle between the Soviet Union and its satellites from the Eastern Bloc on the one side and the United States and its allies on the other side.
3. virtually adj. in fact; practically; nearly; almost 实际上；几乎 E.g. 1) Virtually all the members were in agreement with the proposal. 几乎所有的成员都同意这项提议。 2) It is virtually impossible to predict the future accurately. 精确预言未来的事实际上是办不到的。 3）She is so solicitous and persistent that she virtually kills you with kindness. 她非常关心而固执，以致她的善意实际上反而使人感到 尴尬。
The Soviet Union The Soviet Union was a constitutionally socialist state that existed on the territory of most of the former Russian Empire in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991. The Soviet Union, dominated by the Communist Party, was founded in December 1922, after the Russian Revolution of 1917 and victory of Russian Civil War. After the death of Vladimir Lenin, the first Soviet leader, power was eventually consolidated by Joseph Stalin, who led the country through a large-scale industrialization with command economy and political repression. During World War II, in June 1941, the Soviet Union was attacked by Germany.
教育硕士(英语)(045108)专业学位研究生培养方案
教育硕士（英语）（045108）专业学位研究生培养方案（全日制教育硕士英语学科教学专业学位研究生）Master in Education（学科教学·英语045108）培养方案一.培养目标和要求本专业以本校教育学科和英语教育学科长期以来进行职前和在职英语教师培养的理论研究和实践经验为基础，依托学校其它相关学科和在上海教师教育培养的社会影响力，培养掌握现代英语教育理论、具有较强的英语教育教学实践和研究能力的高素质的中小学英语教师。
具体要求：（一）热爱祖国，拥护中国共产党领导，热爱教师职业和英语教学工作,具有良好的心理素质和教师道德品质，恪守教育职业道德规范。
遵纪守法，积极进取，勇于创新。
（二）掌握英语教育的基本原理和方法，具有良好的教育学和教学论的学识修养和扎实的英语学科专业基础，了解英语教学和研究学科前沿和发展趋势。
（三）能理论结合实践，发挥自身优势，开展创造性的英语教育教学工作。
具有较强的教育实践能力，能胜任英语教学工作，在现代教育理论指导下运用所学理论和教育研究方法，熟练使用现代教育技术，解决英语教学中的实际问题。
（四）熟悉英语基础教育课程改革，掌握英语基础教育课程改革的新理念、新内容和新方法。
二、学习年限采用全日制学习方式，学习年限一般为2年，学习年限最长不超过4年。
三、研究方向与导师简介（一）研究方向：中小学英语教学本研究方向是专门为有志于成为优秀中小学英语教师的研究生而设置。
具体课程类别包括必修课程，其中包括学位公共课、学位基础课和学位专业课；选修课程；实践实习与学位论文；以及补修课程。
必修课程围绕获得学位需要完成的英语基础教育教师所必需掌握的教育教学原理、课程与教学基础理论、中小学教育研究方法、青少年心理发展与教育、英语课程与教材分析、英语教学理论与方法、英语教学设计与案例分析、英语教育测量与评价，着重对各教学环节和要素的设计和实践操控能力等的培养，是本专业学位的主干课程体系。
专业硕士研究生英语课后答案
专业硕⼠研究⽣英语课后答案Unit 1Excuse NotesWord Bankanthology: n. a collection of artistic works which have a similar form or subject, often those considered to be the best 诗选/⽂选attest :v. to show sth. or to say or prove that sth. is true 证明choke: v. to stop breathing 窒息，哽住devilment : n. behavior that causes trouble but is usually intended to be playful or amusing 恶作剧distribute: v. to give sth. out to several people, or to spread or supply sth. 分发，发送epiphany: n. understanding 理解forge: v. to make an illegal copy of sth. in order to deceive 伪造，铸造gem: n. sb. or sth. that is very good, pleasing or useful 精品，⾮常有⽤的⼈genuine: adj. sth. genuine is what it seems to be; real 真的lucid: adj.clearly expressed and easy to understand or (of a person) thinking or speaking clearly 易懂的，明⽩的，清醒的omit: v. to fail to include or do sth. 省略，疏忽plight: n. an unpleasant condition, especially a serious, sad or difficult one 处境，状态seduction: n. the attractive quality of sth. 诱惑superintendent: n. people who is in charge of work done in a particular department, office, etc. 主管，负责⼈treason: n. lack of loyalty to one’s country, especially by helping its enemies or attempting to defeat its government 通敌，叛国罪vulgar: adj. rude and likely to upset or anger people ⽆理的，粗俗的Phrases and Expressionsbe evicted from: to be forced to leave somewhere 驱逐，赶⾛be worth of: deserving respect, admiration or support 值得的glance at: to give a quick short look ⼀瞥turn into: to change into 进⼊，（使）变成Reading ComprehensionChoose the best for each of the following.1. According to the passage, the teacher ____D____.A. is angry with his students.B. does not like his students forging excuse notes.C. blames the parents.D. teaches a successful writing class.2. Mikey missed school ____D____.A. because his grandmother fell down from the stairsB. because he did not like his teacherC. because his parents wanted him to be homeD. because he did not want to go to school3. When the students forged the excuse notes, they were ____A____.A. very smart and imaginativeB. boredC. indifferentD. excited4. The principal of the school ____B____.A. blamed the teacher for what he had done in class.B. praised the teacher for what he had done in class.C. was disappointed with the teacher.D. fired the teacher.5. Which of the following statements is NOT true? ( D )A. The students enjoyed the teacher’s writing class very much.B. The students were very creative in forging excuse notes.C. The teacher enjoyed teaching writing.D. The students did not enjoy the teacher’s w riting class.II. Complete the following summary (summarize) of the text by filling in the blanks with words. The initial letter of each word has been given to you.His methods anything but conventional, Mr. McCourt created a lasting impact on his students through imaginative assignments in his (1)creative writing. He found that some of his students (2) forged excuse notes in the name of their parents. He does not angry with what the students had done; instead, he divided those notes into two (3)piles, one for the(4)genuine ones written by parents, the other for forgeries. The students were so smart that they could create a variety of(5)excuses. So the teacher decided to dig up their (6)talent in writing by asking them to write excuse notes. The students were so (7)absorbed in the writing that they almost forgot to have (8)lunch.At last the principal (9)praised the teacher for this successful teaching method. Both the teache and the students were happy about the writing class. And the teacher realized everyone (10)needed an excuse. Understanding is essential to the teacher and the students.VocabularyI. Choose the answer that best completes each sentence.1. A number of __D___ works of art have been sold as genuine.A. falseB. beautifulC. famousD. forged2. To ___B__ one’s power is to commit a crime and eventually end up in jail.A. accuse3. Seeing the speeding car, the policeman __B__ the driver to pull up at the curb.A. reckonedB. beckonedC. softenedD. stiffened4. Unfortunately, he hit a traffic jam and missed the train __B___ a few minutes.A. withB. byC. beforeD. for5. She gave a clear and __A___ account of her plans for the company's future.A. lucidB. dullC. unclearD. ambiguous6. Isn't it rather __C___ to talk about how much money you earn?A. politeB. boringC. vulgarD. pleasant7. The books will be __D___ free to local schools.A. contributedB. tributeC. attributedD. distributed8. The editor required him to __A___ some details of the article.A. omitB. permitC. summitD. illuminate9. Few of us can be unmoved by the __C___ of the Romanian orphans.A. light10. I have to __B___ my reputation.A. detectB. protectC. intactD. preventII. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.superintendent choke attest forge gemgenuine lucid omit turn into excuseglance at evicted disguise worthy imagination1. In the US. a school is superintendent in charge of the schools in a particular area.2. Thousands of people came out onto the streets to attest their support for the democratic opposition party.3. The expensive purse is made of genuine leather.4. Can you turn this article into English?5. She took a glance at her watch.6. I know why this happened. You don't have to find any excuse.7. He was evicted from the pub for drunken and violent behavior.8. This emperor is said to have paid many personal visits to various counties disguise as an ordinary citizen.9. Every year she makes a large donation to a worthy cause.10. Children often have very vivid imagination.TranslationPut the following paragraphs into Chinese.1. Most parental-excuse notes I received back in those days were penned by my students. They'd been forging excuse notes since they learned to write, and if I were to confront each forger I'd be busy 24 hours a day.2. My heart sank as the principal entered, along with the superintendent of schools. Neither acknowledged me. They walked up and down, peering at papers. The superintendent picked one up, showed it to the principal.3. Sooner or later, I figured, everyone needed an excuse. Also, if we sang today we could sing tomorrow, and why not? You don’t need an excuse for singing.参考译⽂：1.我每天收到以⽗母名义写的请假条，很多是学⽣⾃⼰写的。
教育硕士专业学位(学科教学英语)
全日制教育硕士专业学位研究生培养方案与实施细则学科教学（英语）（外文学院2015年7月修订）一、培养目标培养掌握现代教育理论、具有较强的教育教学实践和研究能力的高素质的中小学英语课程专任教师与从事相关工作的教育教学管理人员。
具体要求为：1、拥护中国共产党的领导，热爱教育事业，具有良好的道德品质，遵纪守法，积极进取，勇于创新。
2、具有良好的学识修养和扎实的专业基础，了解学科前沿和发展趋势。
3、具有较强的教育实践能力，能胜任英语教育教学工作，在现代教育观念指导下运用所学理论和方法，熟练使用现代教育技术，解决教育教学中的实际问题；能理论结合实践，发挥自身优势，开展创造性的教育教学工作。
4、熟悉基础教育课程改革，掌握基础教育课程改革的新理念、新内容和新方法。
5、能熟练阅读本专业英语文献。
二、学习年限及课程设置全日制教育硕士（学科教学·英语）学习年限一般为3年；课程设置分为学位基础课，专业必修课，选修课程，实践教学，学术报告四个模块；总学分不少于38学分。
三、实践教学实践教学时间原则上不少于1年。
实践教学包括教育实习、教育见习、微格教学、教育调查、课例分析、班级与课堂管理实务等实践形式，其中到中小学进行实践活动的时间不少于半年。
四、教育方式本专业重视理论与实践相结合，采用课堂参与、小组研讨、案例教学、合作学习等多种方式相结合。
本专业建有稳定的教育实践基地，并聘请了多位校外兼职教育硕士导师。
五、学位论文与学位授予（一）学位论文选题应紧密联系基础教育实践，来源于中小学英语教育教学中的实际问题。
论文形式可以多样化，如调研报告、案例分析、校本课程开发、教材分析、教学案例设计等，字数不少于1.5万字。
（二）修满规定学分，并通过论文答辩者，经学位授予单位学位评定委员会审核，授予教育硕士专业学位，同时获得硕士研究生毕业证书。
六、其它非师范类专业毕业生入学后，应至少补修3门教师教育课程（如教育学，心理学、学科教学论），不计学分。
专业学位硕士研究生英语教程Unit-5词汇及课后答案
专业学位硕士研究生英语教程Unit-5词汇及课后答案unit 5NamingWord Bank(academy->) academic: n. 学者/ adj. 学术性someone who looks at things in an academic way学者；The Police Academy；academic conference学术年会aesthetic: adj. 美学的(aesthetics: n. 美学) of or concerning the appreciation of beauty or good taste美学的，审美的(bad taste->tasteless) [sex<->sexy](audio-: 与听力有关) audit: n. an examination of records or financial accounts to check their (accurate->) accuracy审计ballet (Italian): n. a classical dance form characterized by grace and precision芭蕾舞(bost->boster) boom: v. to grow or develop rapidly; flourish/ thrive/ prosper快速发展(burglar->) burglary: n. the act of entering a building or other premises with the intent to commit (thief->) theft入室盗窃(calculate->calculator->) calculus: n. the branch of mathematics that deals with limits and the (different->differentiate->) differentiation and integration of functions of one or more variables微积分commit: v. to do, perform, or perpetrate做，实行或犯罪; ~ a crime犯罪/ ~ suicide自杀(pesticide杀虫剂); spend the committed time花够所需的时间(detect->) detective: n. sb. who investigates crimes and obtains evidence or information 侦探; private ~私家侦探disparity (gap/ difference): n. the condition or fact of being unequal, as in age, rank, or degree; difference不等，差距(distinct->distinctive-) distinctively: adv. distinguishingly特殊地fake: （1）n./ （2）adj. having a false or misleading appearance; fraudulent假的hitch: v. t o connect or attach连住; hitchhike搭便车；attachment附件intrigue: v. to arouse the interest or (curious->好奇的) curiosity of激起…的兴趣或好奇心manifest: adj. obvious明显的; Manifesto共产党宣言; manual labo(u)r体力劳动marquee: n. a large tent with open sides, used chiefly for outdoor (enter->entertain给人以娱乐->）entertainment大帐篷mayhem: n. the offense of willfully maiming or (crippled=disabled残疾的) crippling a person身体伤害罪[mis-:(1)wrong; (2)bad->] misdeed: n. a wrong or illegal deed (行为); a wrongdoing 违法行为noteworthy: adj. notable值得注意的obsessive: adj. of, relating to, characteristic of, or causing an obsession着迷的(offend->offense->offensive: offensive talk) offender: n. one (sb.) that offends, especially one that breaks a public law违法者outrageous: adj. being well beyond the bounds (limits) of good taste蛮横的, 残暴的, 无耻的, 可恶的, 令人不可容忍的; 勃然大怒perceive: v. to achieve understanding of apprehend (comprehend)理解(proliferate->) proliferation: n. a rapid increase or spreading激增prosper (->prosperous-> prosperous-looking很成功的样子): v. to be fortunate orsuccessful, especially in terms of one's finances; thrive繁荣，成功(sume=get) resume: n. a brief written account of educational and professional qualifications and experience学术简历(segregate->) segregation: n. the act or process of segregating or the condition of being segregated隔离; discriminate->discrimination歧视sergeant: n. the rank of police officer next below a captain, lieutenant (陆军中尉, 海军上尉), or inspector警官sheer: adj. completely such, without qualification or exception纯粹，完全的; sheer luck 纯粹是运气好[solid: (1)固体;(2) 牢固的;(3)孤独的] solidarity: n. fellowship of responsibilities and interests团结，一致; solidary bee独蜂starkly: adv. completely or utterly; extremely完全地（tempt：引诱+ tress一绺头发->）temptress: n. an (allure引诱) alluring, (witch->) bewitching woman诱惑男人的女人; (wise->wiz->) wizard巫婆神汉/ 向导; witch try [past: (1)adj. e.g. in the ~ few days; (2) preposition, e.g. He went past my window.] (tres-: across) trespass: v. to commit an offense or a sin; transgress or err (err<->error不懂而出错<->mistake懂但不小心出错) 违法或犯罪; [crime<->sin] Some people prefer to call errors mistakes.不懂装懂。
全日制翻译硕士英语专业学位(MTI)研究生入学考试
全日制翻译硕士英语专业学位（MTI）研究生入学考试考试总纲总则全国翻译硕士专业学位教育指导委员会在《全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生指导性培养方案》（见学位办[2009]23号文）中指出，MTI教育的目标是培养高层次、应用型、专业性口笔译人才。
MTI教育重视实践环节，强调翻译实践能力的培养。
全日制MTI的招生对象为具有国民教育序列大学本科学历（或本科同等学力）人员，具有良好的双语基础。
根据《全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生指导性培养方案》以及教学司[2009]22号文件精神，现制定全日制翻译硕士英语专业学位研究生入学考试大纲。
一、考试目的本考试旨在全面考察考生的双语（外语、母语）综合能力及双语翻译能力，招生院校根据考生参加本考试的成绩和《政治理论》的成绩总分（满分共计500分），参考全国统一录取分数线来选择参加复试的考生。
二、考试的性质与范围本考试是全国翻译硕士专业学位研究生的入学资格考试，除全国统考分值100分的第一单元《政治理论》之外，专业考试分为三门，分别是第二单元外国语考试《翻译硕士英语》，第三单元基础课考试《英语翻译基础》以及第四单元专业基础课考试《汉语写作与百科知识》。
《翻译硕士英语》重点考察考生的英语水平，总分100分；《英语翻译基础》重点考察考生的英汉互译专业技能和潜质，总分150分；《汉语写作与百科知识》重点考察考生的现代汉语写作水平和百科知识，总分150分。
（考试科目名称及代码参见教学司[2009]22号文件）三、考试基本要求1. 具有良好的英语基本功，掌握6000个以上的英语积极词汇。
2. 具有较好的双语表达和转换能力及潜质。
3. 具备一定的中外文化以及政治、经济、法律等方面的背景知识。
对作为母语（A语言）的现代汉语有较强的写作能力。
四、考试时间与命题每年1月份举行，与全国硕士研究生入学考试同步进行。
由各招生院校MTI 资格考试命题小组根据本考试大纲，分别参照翻译硕士外语考试《翻译硕士英语》、基础课考试《英语翻译基础》及专业基础课考试《汉语写作与百科知识》考试大纲及样题的要求，自主负责命题与实施。
西南石油大学-全日制翻译硕士专业学位(英语笔译)研究生入学考试
西南石油大学
全日制翻译硕士专业学位(英语笔译)研究生入学考试
《翻译硕士英语》考试大纲
一、考试目的：
《翻译硕士英语》作为全日制翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）入学考试的外国语考试，目的是考察考生是否具备进行MTI学习所要求的英语水平。
二、考试性质与范围：
本考试是一种测试应试者单项和综合语言能力的尺度参照性水平考试。
考试范围包括MTI考生应具备的英语词汇量、语法知识以及英语阅读与写作等方面的技能。
三、考试基本要求
1. 具有良好的英语基本功，认知词汇量在10，000以上，掌握6000个以上的积极词汇，即能正确而熟练地运用常用词汇及其常用搭配。
2. 能熟练掌握正确的英语语法、结构、修辞等语言规范知识。
3. 具有较强的阅读理解能力和英语写作能力。
四、考试形式
本考试采取客观试题与主观试题相结合，单项技能测试与综合技能测试相结合的方法。
各项试题的分布情况见“考试内容一览表”。
五、考试内容：
本考试包括以下部分：词汇语法、阅读理解、英语写作等。
总分为100分。
I．词汇语法
1。
教育硕士专业学位英语教材答案
研究生基础英语课后答案Unit1-5※- - - - - - 单词词组互译- - - - - - - -※英译汉communication satellite 通讯卫星mobile telephony 移动通讯intelligent robot 智能机器人clone 克隆telecommunications 远程通讯stock holder 股东taxing authority 税务机关charitable organization 慈善机构nonprofit firm 非盈利公司sales forecast 销售预测economic forecast 经济预测tourist resort旅游胜地landscape scenery 山水风光virgin forest 原始森林hitchhiking 沿途免费搭乘他人便车旅行outdoor adventures户外冒险活动a camper 野营者antibiotic 抗生素gene 基因El Nino 厄尔尼塔marine 海产的,海运的,舰队,海运业vitamin 维生素humility 谦逊endeavor n & v 努力�尝试sincerity 真诚真挚patriotism 爱国主义faith 信仰,信念divine 神圣的,非凡的,崇高的reconcile 调和,和解self-observation 自我审视ethics class 道德教育课computer-aided cheating 利用计算机作弊failing grade 不及格plagiarism 剽窃mandatory penalty 强制惩罚junk email harassment 垃圾邮件骚扰汉译英文学literature 科幻小说science fiction空间旅行space traveling 外星人alien人类社会human society 高技术high-technology信息时代information age 信息产业information industry管理management 协调coordinate运作operate 人力资源human resources经费funds 决策make decisions政府部门governmental agencies 金融机构financial institution远足hike 兜风go for a ride观光sight-seeing 探险explore, exploration交游go outing 滑雪skiing冲浪surfing 睡袋sleeping bag导游图tourist map 夏令营summer camp羊羔lamb 山羊goat猪崽piglet奶牛cow 牛犊calf家禽fowl 哺乳动物mammal家畜domestic animals 善意goodwill, good intentions高尚noble 成就achievement, success, accomplishment 抱负ambition, aspiration 原则principle奉献dedicate 平等equality忠诚sincerity, loyalty, faithfulness 抄袭copy / plagriarise作弊cheating 道德准则ethics校行政人员school officials 开除explusion学年school year 读书报告book report校园社区服务on-compus community sevice※- - - - - -单词、时态填空- - - - - - - -※Unit1II Vocabulary study 词汇学习第6页A) Complete each of the following sentences by choosing the right word or expression fron the box and make changes where necessary.完成下列句子从方框中选择正确的单词或短语并进行必要的变形。
专业学位硕士研究生英语2
专业学位硕士研究生英语2？
答：专业学位硕士研究生的英语2主要是为高等院校和科研院所招收不考英语（一）的专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的统考科目。
考试难度上，通常英语一要比英语二难度大很多，相当于英语6级和专业英语4级之间。
而英语2的难度其实就相当于英语4级，只要英语4级能及格，那么可以很轻易的达到60分。
适用人群上，英语1适用于除外国语专业的所有学术硕士；英语2适用于读工商管理、公共管理、旅游管理、会计、审计管理、工程管理硕士等专业的人。
专业学位硕士研究生英语单词
专业学位硕士研究生英语单词
以下是专业学位硕士研究生英语单词：
1. 学科门类：agriculture 农业，medicine 医学，engineering 工程学，philosophy 哲学，physics 物理学，chemistry 化学，biology 生物学，mathematics 数学，astronomy 天文学，economics 经济学，law 法学，business administration 工商管理，history 历史学，education 教育学，psychology 心理学，sociology 社会学，architecture 建筑学，political science 政治学，linguistics 语言学，accounting 会计学，finance 金融学，journalism 新闻学，publishing 出版学，tourism 旅游学，architecture
工程与技术学科，艺术学，设计学
2. 专业学位：master of science in statistics 统计学专业硕士，master of science in technology innovation management 技术创新管理专业硕士
以上信息仅供参考，如有需要建议查阅研究生招生简章或咨询教育部门。
专业学位硕士研究生英语教程Unit 12
8. sibling a sister or brother 兄弟，姐妹 E.g. 1) Sibling rivalry is common. 兄弟间的较量很普遍。 2) Beijing and Tokyo are sibling cities. 北京和东京是姊妹城市。
9. exhaust to be very tired; to be tired out 筋疲力尽的
5. standstill a state of no movement or activity 静止，停滞 E.g. 1) The negotiation has come to a standstill. 谈判停下来了。 2) The car was brought to a standstill. 车被停了下来。
3. abuse misuse; wrong use 滥用
E.g. 1) The government is taking measures to conquer the abuse of power. 政府正采取措施克服滥用权力。 2) the abuse of drugs 滥用毒品
4. annual yearly; happening every year 年度的，每年一次的 E.g. 1) The annual festival attracts many tourists. 一年一度的节日吸引了许多游客。 2) What’s your annual salary? 你的年薪有多少？
1. disruptive troublesome; causing trouble 捣乱的，惹麻烦的
E.g. 1) He is a disruptive child and won’t listen to his parents. 他是个捣蛋的孩子，不听父母的话。 2) She had a disruptive influence on the rest of the class. 她扰乱了班级其他学生。
Unit-2专业学位硕士研究生英语教程词汇及课后答案
Unit 2Men V.S. (against) Women男女有别(nán nǚ yǒu bié)Word Bank(assist=help) assistance: n. aid帮助(bāngzhù)，协助; first aid急救associate (~ A with B= relate A to B): 1) n.a companion (=company伙伴(huǒbàn)/ 公司; accompany sb. to somewhere); 1)n. a partner合伙人 2)v. to connect in the mind or imagination 联想(liánxiǎng); 3)a. 副 ~ professor副教授disengage: v. to release (oneself) from an engagement, pledge, or obligation解脱，解放(jiěfàng); be oblighed (#forced) to do sth.不得不做某事；be ~in sth.参与某事(attract<->) distract (->distraction干扰): v. to cause to turn away from the original focus of attention or interest分散，转移(move->motion/ motion picture=film/ movie) emotionally: adv. related to emotion情绪上地fade: v. to lose strength or vitality (energy)衰退forgetful: adj. tending or likely (possible) to forget健忘; forgetable<->unforgetable(frict: vt.) friction: n. conflict, as between persons having dissimilar ideas or interests矛盾Ignore (->ignorant->ignorance): v. to refuse to pay attention to不理睬，忽视(instinct: n.-> instinctive; a.->) instinctively: adv. relating to, or resulting from instinct本能地Mars: n. the fourth planet from the sun火星；~ Square战神广场(mall购物广场#) mull: v. to go over extensively in the mind思虑; (neglegence->neglegeble) neglect: v. to pay little or no attention to忽视，疏忽overwhelm (overcome/ defeat): v. to overpower the thoughts, emotions, or senses (=reason) of制服，控制preoccupy: v. to engross the thoughts or mind of使全神贯注，迷住; enable; encourage鼓励(at random=) randomly: adv. of no specific order or pattern随意，任意地(resent: vt.) resentment: n. anger, bitterness怨恨，愤恨(lose one’s temper发火->temporary) temporarily: adv. of a short period of time暂时，临时地(tense->) tension: n. a situation or condition of (host<->hstess->hostile->) hostility suspense, or [easy#ease: 1. n./ 2. vt. to ease the pain； make you at ~=make you at home; feel/ be at ease很自在/ 很舒服) uneasiness (unconfortableness/ nervousness)紧张局势(response: n. respond: vi. ->responsive->) unresponsive: adj. exhibiting a lack of responsiveness迟钝的[wind: 1. n.->windy; 2. vt. to ~ the clock; 3. vi. ~ road] unwind: v. to make or become relaxed放松，释放Venus: n. the second planet from the sun金星withdraw：v. to retire or retreat撤离，撤退Phrases and Expressionsbe associated with: to be connected with与…有关cope with: to deal with妥善处理，有效地对付fade into: to disappear into消失于…focus on: to concentrate on聚焦(jùjiāo)mull over (=think over): to reflect deeply on琢磨(zhuómó)，反复考虑persist in (sth./ doing sth.)= insist on (sth./ doing sth.): to continue doing (same)sth.[=continue to do sth. else]坚持(jiānchí)，固执于…Reading ComprehensionChoose the best for each of the following.1. What can be learned from the story of Tom and Mary? ( A )A. Men and women are different in coping with stress.B. Tom and Mary are not in love now.C. Men tend to solve problems while women tend to ignore problems.D. Friction in relationships often leads to misunderstanding and intolerance.2. "Instead he becomes very quiet and goes to his private cave to think about his problem,...". (Para. 5) Here the "cave" refers to ( C )A. a hollow passage under the earth or into the mountainB. his bed-roomC. his own private space where he could relieve stressD. a place that promises a good shelter from stress3. When a man is stressed he will often turn to the following means for relief except ( B )A. picking the most urgent problem or the most difficultB. diverting his attention directly to solving little problemsC. remaining stuck in his cave till the problem is solvedD. becoming focused on solving problems and losing awareness of everything else4. What will a woman do when she is stressed? ( D )A. Prioritizing the significance of any problem.B. Talking about her feelings and all the possible problems associated with her feelings.C. Seeking relief by expressing herself and being understood.D. Both B and C.5. It can be learned from the text that the greatest difference in coping with stress between men and women is that ( B )A. men become detached from the world while women are emotionally involvedB. men focus on one problem and forget others while women expand and become overwhelmed by all problemsC. men get stuck in the cave and find no way out while women stay out of the ayeD. men escape to the cave while women are immediately concerned with finding solutionsII. Complete the following summary (summarize) of the text by filling in the blanks with words. The initial letter of each word has been given to you.Both men and women have a lot to learn about the opposite sex before their relationships are truly (full+fill) fulfilling (=successful). The way of (1) coping with stress is just one of the must-to-know differences.Every so often (Frequently), when a man is upset or (2) stressed, he becomes increasingly focused and (3) withdraws to his own cave (private space), which would end up (result in/ lead to 导致(dǎozhì)) being the computer room (study书房) of their small home or the garage. Sometimes he'd be camped out in front of the TV for a few hours, not wanting to be talked to. All throughout the cave time, he stays (remains/ keeps) quiet, (4) mulling over the problem to find a(5) solution and becomes so focused (be absorbed in sth.) on solving this one problem that he temporarily loses (6) awareness of everything else.On Venus (In the female world), however, one of the important rules to deal with stress is talking, talking, being heard and understood. When a woman is stressed out, she feels urged to share (~ sth. with sb.) and gain ideas on what they are feeling-- talking feels like (7) releasing the burden (包袱(bāo fu)/ 负担) of what they are stressed about. Then she feels better by talkingabout all possible problems without (8) focusing on problem solving. It's great (=important) for her if she can feel she is being (9) heard, and then her stress disappears.It's important to read between the lines and understand the difference. Most men will not be happy without a time and a place to retreat. And in the meantime (at the same), for women talking is a natural and healthy Venusian (10) reaction to stress.VocabularyI. Choose the answer that best completes each sentence.1. He was __C___ with gratitude (n. thankfulness) to Professor Brown for helping him.A. excitedB. concerned (worried)C. overwhelmed (occupied)D. interested2. The ___B__ between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits has been greatly relaxed.A. (intend->) intentionB. tensionC. tenseD. attention3. The scholarship helped Martin to tide over (go through/ overcome) a __A__ embarrassment.A. temporaryB. contemporary(同时代/ 当代(dāngdài)的)C. temporal(temporal)D. tempting (attract)4. We should enhance (strong->strength->strengthen) people's __D___ that caring for the aged is the traditional virtue (品质(pǐnzhì)、道德) of Chinese culture.A. excitementB. knowledgeC. understandingD. awareness (idea/ ideology 意识形态(yì shí xíngtài))5. I don't grudge (scorn/ look down upon蔑视/ accept) him his success, that is (i.e./ namely也就是说), I admit he __C___ it.A. (Indian) preserves (n预留)B. conserves (保护)C. deserves (该得到)D. reserves (保留/ 含蓄)6. While （Although） people traditionally __C___ caring, sharing and (generous->慷慨大度) generosity in life and work, modern people seem to be more self-absorbing and self-concerned (=selfish).A. valueB. regard (=consider: vt.)C. prioritize(优先考虑)D. (commodity日用品->)commoditize (to market as a product vt. 使商品化)7. You can't regard him as a friend but (excerpt) a business __B___.A. (relate A to B->) relativeB. associate (colleague)C. comrade同志(tóngzhì)D. (speak->spoke->spoken->) spokesman发言人8. I will calm (a./vt.平静(píngjìng)) down and seriously ___A__ over my work and teaching methodology in order to take them to a new level (水平(shuǐpíng)/ 高度).A. mullB. mumbleC. mute (quiet)D. mock (=laugh at/ ridicule)9. I'm in a puzzle as to (about/ as far as something is concerned就…而言) how to ___D__ the new situation (处境(chǔjìng)).A. figure out (=work out)B. lie (位于(wèiyú)/ 存在于…) with (together with与…在一起)C. work on 在做…D. cope with处理/ 对付10. Leaders who ___A__ education are neither far-sighted (远见) nor mature (成熟), and they are therefore (因此) unable to lead the drive (desire/ motivation) for (modern->modernize->) modernization.A. neglectB. omitC. respect (尊敬)D. avoidII. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.stress initial involve random forgetdistract engage seek withdraw significantexpand capable available preoccupy resentment1. Someone who is cool and calm (a./vt.) in stressful situations is level-headed (头脑冷静).2. Richard resents being interrupted while he is working.3. You were too preoccupied to notice (1.广告海报；2.vt.无意中发现) me at the bus stop yesterday.4. As I grow (=become) older I become increasingly forgetful.5. All the children were involved in the school play(剧目/ 戏剧).6. His (honest->) honesty made him incapable of lying.7. She (withdraw) withdrew her previous (以前的) remarks (评论), and (apology->) apologized.8. There are too many (attract->attraction) distractions in the hotel for me to work properly (=well).10. This book is an (expand->) expansion (拓展) of the play he wrote before.TranslationPut the following paragraphs into Chinese.When a woman is stressed she instinctively feels a need to talk about her feelings and all the possible problems that are associated with her feelings. When she begins talking she does not prioritize the significance of any problem. If she is upset, then she is upset about it all, (no mater it is) big and small. She is not immediately concerned with finding solutions to her problems but rather seeks relief by expressing herself and being understood. By randomly talking about her problems, she becomes less upset.参考(cānkǎo)译文：女人有压力时，会直觉地需要找人谈自己的感受以及所有(suǒyǒu)可能与之相关的问题。
专业学位硕士研究生英语教程Unit-4词汇及课后答案(word文档良心出品)
Unit 4Art of LifeWord Bank（audio-:与听力有关<->visual）audible (able->ible): adj. that is heard or that can be heard 可听见的(basis->base: n./ vt.以为基础/根据; be based on sth.) basement: n. the lowest habitable story (可居住的楼层) of a building地下室beneath: prep. lower than; below低于…，在…下方betray(->betrayal/ treason): v. the act of committing treason against背叛bust: n. a sculpture representing a person's head, shoulders, and upper chest半身像callus: v. to form or develop a hardened tissue结痂（茧）cast: v. to form (liquid metal, e.g. ) into a particular shape by pouring into a mold铸造; broadcast广播choke: v. to have difficulty in breathing, swallowing, or speaking哽塞dab: v. to apply with short, poking strokes轻拍; patdimensional: adj. having, or seeming to have, length depth, and height空间的，维度的(dwindle->) dwindling: adj. decreasing; becoming less 流逝的estranged: adj. being (alien外星人->alienate->) alienated or made distant疏运的flick: v./ n. to touch or hit with a light, quick blow轻拍，轻击hibiscus: n. (US) a tropical plant with large brightly colored flowers芙蓉，木槿knead: v. to squeeze, press, or roll with the hands轻柔，按摩lotion: n. a (medical->) medicated liquid for external [apply(1)申请；应用] application洗剂（液）massage: (US) to rub parts of the body to aid (circulate-)) circulation or relax the muscles按摩necktie: n. a narrow fabric band of varying (different) length (wear->) worn around the neck and tied in a knot close to the throat领带; tie: vt. ~ a horse to a big tree.(patriot->爱国者) patriarch: n. a man who rules a family, clan (家族), or tribe (部落)族长(酋长); arc-/arch-穹顶(proud=)prideful: adj. arrogant (->arrogance); disdainful傲慢的，轻蔑的; be proud of sb./sth.=pride (vi.) on sb./sth.=take pride (n.) in sb./ sth.以某人或某物而感到自豪；reconcile: v. to settle or resolve调停，决绝, 和解; council议会；consult咨询->consultant 顾问(relief->) relieve: v. to cause a lessening or (alleviate->) alleviation of减缓; to relieve sb.=go to sb.’s reflief.=to rescue sb.解救某人sculpt (->sculpture): v. to shape, mold, or fashion (imitate模仿) especially with (precise->) precision雕塑shrug: v. to raise (the shoulders)耸肩snore: n. /vi. the act or an instance of snoring打鼾splatter: v. to spatter (v.溅污n.滴落), especially to move or fall so as to cause splashes飞溅[dwell居住；~on sth.老在想…]squeeze: v. to press gently, as in affection挤，捏(stubborn) stubbornness: n. firmness倔强; bear->bore->borntissue: n. a soft, absorbent piece of paper used as toilet paper, a handkerchief, or a towel纸巾toenail: n. the thin, horny, transparent plate covering the upper surface of the end of a toe脚趾甲; nail: n./ vt.钉子/指甲tuft: n. a short cluster (簇群) of hair, or grass一族，一从vanity: n. excessive pride in one's appearance or accomplishments虚荣；Vanity Fair名利场vengeance: n. infliction of punishment in return for a wrong committed报复，复仇；revenge: n./vivolunteer: n./vi. to offer to give out of one's own will (意志/ 遗嘱)志愿whimsical: adj. erratic (n./ adj. 不稳定的, 奇怪的) in behavior or degree of unpredictability 反复无常; predict预测；dict-: speak. dictionary词典/ 字典wiggle: v. to move or cause to move from side to side with short irregular (<->regular) twisting motions扭动，摆动Phrases and Expressionsat the far end of: at the distant end of在另一边get in touch with: to maintain (=keep) contact with保持联系[contact sb. by the (telephone) number]hold (->held->held) on to: to continue to do something; persist坚持/ 抓住; hold on (=wait for a moment)<->hang up挂断电话in an attempt to: try to do sth./ making an effort to do sth.力图，试图make peace: to maintain or observe (遵守/ 维和shrug...off使变色,弄脏,伤害名誉) 耸肩表示不屑; stain (n./ vt)污渍Reading ComprehensionI. Choose the best for each of the following.1. "It was another of the things I had watched his helpers do for months, and now, in an attempt to hold on to what I could of him, I had volunteered to do it myself" (Para. 3) Here the word "another" refers that ( D )A. "Forgive yourself before you die. Then forgive others."B. they were callused and curled, and his toenails were yellow.C. Morrie liked being held and touched. And at this point, anything I could share with him to make him happy, I was going to do.D. I had a small jar of lotion, and I squeezed some into my hands and began to massage his ankles.2. What did Morrie regret in his life according to the passage? ( C )A. Forgiveness and tolerance.B. Impatience and carelessness.C. Pride and vanity.D. Peace and stillness.3. Why did Morrie say he was lucky? ( A )A. Because he had got enough time to reconsider his life.B. Because he had accepted his friend's explanation and rebuilt their friendship.C. Because he met his best friend in his life.D. Because he got comfort from his friends.4. "I rolled his toes between my fingers, lost in the task." (Para. 30) Here the word "lost"implies that the author lost ( D )A. his best friendB. his valuable memoryC. his heartD. himself in deep thought5. Why did Mitch hesitate when Mr. Morrie wanted him to be his another son? ( C )A. Because he was reluctant to be Morrie's son.B. Because he thought Morrie was not qualified.C. Because he thought it somehow seemed to betray his own father.D. Because he thought they were not so intimate.II. Complete the following summary of the text by filling in the blanks with words. The initial letter of each word has been given to you."Forgive yourself before you die. Then forgive others."(lie->) Lying on his bed, Morrie was so seriously ill that he could not even (1) wiggle his toes. I came to see him on a rainy day. Having seen his sickly (sick=ill; car-sick; sea-sick; air-sick; sickly: adj.有病的, 苍白的) face, I felt so sorry for him. At that time (Then), I (2) volunteered to do some massage for him. Also, of course, Morrie liked being (hold) held and (3) touched. And at this point, anything I could do to make him happy, I was going to (would) do.Morrie then started a topic of (4) forgiveness with me. He told me that it is most (very) important not only to forgive (5) others but (6) ourselves. In order to prove it, he recalled a sad story between his friend Norman and him. It pained (vt.) him so much. He also said he was lucky to get enough time to think of his life, while I felt so sad because of I pressed my thumb into his (7) hardened flesh and he didn't even feel it. He also reminded me of things pulling (acting) in different (8) directions. [remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某件事]Later he said movingly (很动人地) that he wished I were his another son. At first, I felt afraid, as if (9) accepting his words would somehow (10) betray my own father. But just for a while (moment) I realized that all I was afraid of was saying good-bye.VocabularyI. Choose the answer that best completes each sentence.1. This will help to __B___ the hardship of the [seek (political) refuge寻求避难] refugees (难民).A. relish (mean意味)B. relieveC. (vivre->) revive (再生/恢复/苏醒)D. rely (on)=depend (on)依赖2. She (feel->) felt the ___A__ (compete->) competition between the two brothers.A. intense (激烈的)B. intensive(密度高的)C. intention (n. 打算目的)D. intend (vt.打算)3. The bride (新娘) and (bride)groom (马夫/ 新郎) promised to __D___ each other through sickness and health (->healthy).A. nag (唠叨a nagging wife)B. blameC. spoil [宠坏/弄砸了a ~ed (spoilt) child)D. cherish (vt. hope)4. You could feel the __B___ in the room as (when) we waited for our exam results.A. intense (adj.)B. tension (n.)C. tense (1.紧张的; 2.n.时态; 3.密度)D. (extensive<->) intensive (密度或强度)5. Angela __D___ with disappointment when she was told that she had not got the job.A. signed [1.vt.署名; 2. n. (sign + nature=) signature签名]B. [signal:1.n.信号; 2.vt.发信号) signaledC. persisted (~in sth./doing sth.=insist on sth./ doing sth.坚持做某事)D. sighed (叹气)6. If he can just ___C__ a little longer, we can give him a hand (help帮…一把).A. hold back (restrict保留)B. hold inC. hold on=waitD. hold up=block阻塞7. This is a political __B___ an (economy经济) economic (与经济有关的；economical节约的) question.A. as wellB. as well as=andC. as muchD. as usual=as before8. She can __C___ her troubles and keep (smile->) smiling.A. keep off远离B. take off起飞/开始/脱衣服C. shrug off表示不以为然D. lay off=drop裁员9. The two captains (船长/队长/上校/上尉;hat)__C___ a coin [(1)n.硬币; (2)vt.生造词] before the match.A. tossB. are tossedC. tossed抛D. tossed for10. I haven't really kept __A___ people I knew at school.A. in touch withB. out of touch withC. to the touchD. touching=moving感动人的II. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary. squeeze massage choke vanity forgivetuft dimension reconcile flick audiblesnore mourn betray forget strange1. Would you squeeze some oranges and make (for) me a glass of juice?3. The bird had a tuft (4. He almost choked to death on a fish bone.5. He has forgiven you for insulting (侮辱) him, and is trying to save you.[Save me/ Help me->help!]6. The (electric resistance) resistance group was betrayed to the government by one of its own members.7. He and his brothers were reconciled (和解) after a fierce (=severe) family quarrel.8. Space is considered to be three-dimensional.9. All shops will be closed today as a sign of (morning#) mourning for the king.10. The audience (听众/ 观众) applauded (clapped) loudly at the end of the concert.TranslationPut the following paragraphs into Chinese.This was a few days after the "Nightline" interview. The sky was (raining#) rainy and dark, and Morrie was beneath a blanket. I sat at the far end of his chair, holding his bare feet. They were callused and curled, and his toenails were yellow. I had a small jar of lotion, and I squeezed some into my hands and began to massage his ankles.It was another of the things I had watched his helpers do for months, and now, in an attempt to hold on to what I could of him, I had volunteered to do it myself. The disease had left Morrie without the ability even to wiggle his toes, yet he could still feel pain, and massages helped relieve it. Also, of course, Morrie liked being held and touched. And at this point, anything I could do to make him happy, I was going to do.参考译文：这是“夜线”专访的几天以后，天空中阴霾密布。
专业学位硕士研究生英语教程15
专业学位硕⼠研究⽣英语教程15Unit 15AestheticsPreviewBeauty is a virtue which no one can deny. But in the history of human life, people's attitudes towards it have changed a lot. The ancient Greeks, following Socrates' pedagogy, kept a balance between beauty inside and beauty outside. Christianity, depriving beauty of classical ideals of human excellence, set beauty adrift, and associated it only with women. In order to prop up the mythology of the "feminine", women need to get some critical distance from that excellence and privilege of beauty.Text Reading'W arm-upWhat is beauty?Beauty is a vital and central element of human experience. It is associated with pleasure, which influences personal choices and cultural developments. Poets praise it, artists strive to capture it in their works, moralists warn against its deceiving influence, scientists seek to uncover its secrets, and philosophers reflect on its illusive nature.Please discuss your understanding of beauty with your partner. The following words and expressions may be useful for your discussion.perceptual experience, generating pleasure, feelings of attraction and emotional well-being, visual field, feminine, masculine, sexism, sexual selection, sexual feelings, human appearance and natural scenery, morally good, appropriate, pleasing, talent, good reputation and behavior, direct experience, unreliable, inseparable, ugliness, artistic beauty, natural beauty, cross culture, cultural values and traditions, aestheticsBeauty vs. ugliness.How do we judge what is beauty and what is ugliness? The following are some definitions. Discuss with your partner and give your own definition.Beauty:a characteristic of a person, a thing or an idea that provides a perceptual experience of pleasure, or satisfaction.an entity which is admired, or possesses features in a particular culture, for perfection.being in balance and harmony with nature, which may lead to feelings of attraction and emotional well-being. Ugliness:a property of a person or thing that is unpleasant to look upon and results in a highly unfavorable evaluation.aesthetically unattractive, repulsive, or offensive.having visible characteristic, and internal attribute.How has beauty acquired the overtone of sexismBeauty has been attributed to women and therefore has acquired the overtone of sexism both in China and the West. However, such a trend has developed in different routes. Tell the different processes through which beauty has undergone such a change in China and the West.TextBeautySusan Sontag①[1] For the Greeks, beauty was a virtue (a particular good quality or habit): a kind of excellence (the quality of being extremely good). Persons then were assumed (believed) to be what we now have to call—enviously (admirably)—whole persons. If itdid occur to the Greeks to distinguish between a person's "inside" and "outside", they still expected that inner beauty would be matched by beauty of the other kind. The well-born (from a rich family or a family of high social class出⾝名门，出⾝⾼贵的) young Athenians who gathered around Socrates②found it quite paradoxical (absurd, illogical, unexpected荒谬的) that their hero was so intelligent, so brave, so honorable, so seductive (sexually attractive)—and so ugly. One of Socrates②main pedagogical (教育学的, 教学法的) acts was to be ugly—and teach those innocent, no doubt splendid-looking disciples (persons who believe in and follow the teachings of a religious or political leader) of his how full of paradoxes (contrarieties⽭盾, 相反物) life really was.[2] They may have resisted Socrates' lesson. We do not. Several thousand years later, we areof) the enchantments (the state of being under a magic spell) of beauty.from, a larger object or group)—with the greatest facility (a natural ability to learn or do sth easily)—the "inside" (character, intellect) from the "outside" (looks); but we are actually surprised when someone who is beautiful is also intelligent, talented (gifted), good.[3] It was principally (chiefly) the influence of Christianity (the religion that is based on the teachings of Jesus Christ and the belief that he was the son of God) that deprived beauty of the central place it had in classical (traditional in style or idea, connected with or influenced by the culture of ancient Greece and Rome) ideals of human excellence. By limiting excellence (virtues in Latin) to moral virtue only, Christianity set beauty adrift (adj. no longer attached or fixed in the right position)—as an alienated (foreign), arbitrary (subjective, not seeming to be based on a reason, system or plan and sometimes seeming unfair), superficial (not concerned with anything serious or important and lacking any depth of understanding or feeling) enchantment (attractiveness, charm). And beauty has continued to lose prestige (the respect and admiration). For close to (=nearly) two centuries it has become a convention (rule, habit or tradition) to attribute beauty to (to say or believe that sb is responsible for doing sth) only one of the two sexes: the sex, which, however Fair is always Second. Associating beauty with women had put beauty even further on the defensive (protecting sb/ sth against attack), morally (spiritually)③.[4] A beautiful woman, we say in English. But a handsome man. "Handsome" is the masculine equivalent (a thing, amount, word, etc. that is equivalent to sth else) of—and refusal of—a compliment (praise) which has accumulated (amass, build up) certain demeaning (humiliating) overtones (an attitude or an emotion that is suggested and is not expressed in a direct way暗⽰), bybeing reserved for women only. That one call a man "beautiful" in French and Italian suggests that Catholic (=Roman Catholic) countries—unlike those countries shaped by the Protestant (a member of a part of the Western Christian Church that separated from the Roman Catholic Church in the 16th century新教徒的, 清教徒的) version (a form of sth that is slightly different from an earlier form or from other forms of the same thing版本) of Christianity—still retain (keep) some vestiges (remains遗迹, 痕迹) of the pagan (a person who holds religious beliefs that are not part of any of the world's main religions异教徒) admiration for beauty. But the difference, if one exists, is of degree only. In every modern country that is Christian or post-Christian, women are the beautiful sex—to be detriment (the act of causing harm or damage; sth that causes harm or damage损害, 损害物) of the nation as well as of women.[5] To be called beautiful is thought to name something essential to women's character and concerns (desires). (In contrast to men—whose essence (the most important quality or feature of sth) is to be strong, or effective, or competent.) It does not take someone in the throes (violent pains, especially at the moment of death) of advanced feminist awareness④to perceive that the way women are taught to be involved with beauty encourages narcissism (the habit of admiring yourself too much, especially your appearance⾃恋), reinforces dependence and immaturity. Everybody (women and men) knows that. For it is "everybody", a whole society that has identified (considered) being feminine (having the qualities or appearance considered to be typical of women; connected with women) with caring about how one looks. (In contrast to being masculine—which is identified with about what one is and does and only secondarily, if at all, about how one looks.) Given these stereotypes (a fixed idea or image that many people have of a particular type of person or thing, but which is often not true in reality), it is no wonder that beauty enjoys, at best, a rather mixed (repute->) reputation (credit, prestige信⽤，名声).[6] It is not, of course, the desire to be beautiful that is wrong but the obligation (commitment, the state of being forced to do sth because it is your duty, or because of a law, etc责任) to be—or to try⑤. What is accepted by most women as a flattering (saying nice things about sb/sth) (idealize: to consider or represent sb/ sth as being perfect or better than they really are; ->) idealization () of their sex is a way of making women feel inferior to what they actually are—or normally grow to be. For the ideal of beauty is administered as a form of self-oppression (⾃我施压). Women are taught to see their bodies in parts, and to evaluate each part separately. Breasts, feet, hips, waistline (腰围), neck, eyes, nose, complexion (肤⾊), hair, and so on—each in turn is submitted to (subjected to) an anxious, fretful (behaving in a way that shows you are unhappy or uncomfortable烦燥的), often despairing (desperate绝望的, 失望的) scrutiny (examination). Even if some pass muster (summon, gather), some will always be found wanting. Nothing less than perfection will do⑥.[7] In men, good looks is a whole, something taken in at a glance. It does not need to be confirmed by giving measurements of different regions (part) of the body; nobody encourages a man to dissect (to cut up a dead person, animal or plant in order to study it, or to study sth closely and/or discuss it in great detail解剖，分开来研究) his appearance, feature (a part of sb's face such as their nose, mouth and eyes⾯貌的⼀部分(眼,⼝,⿐等)特征, 容貌, 特⾊, 特写) by feature. As for perfection, that is considered trivial (small or unimportant) —almost unmanly (not having the qualities that are admired or expected in a man). Indeed, in the ideally good-looking man a small imperfection or blemish (a mark on the skin or on an object that spoils it and makes it look less beautiful or perfect瑕疵) is considered positively desirable. According to one movie critic (a woman) who is a declared Robert Redford fan, it is having that cluster (a group of things of thesame type that grow or appear close together) of skin-colored moles (胎块, 鼹⿏) on one cheek that saves Redford from being merely a "pretty face (⼩⽩脸)". Think of the (appreciate<->depreciate to become less valuable over a period of time贬值->) depreciation of women—as well as beauty—that is implied in that judgment⑦.[8] "The privileges (a special right or advantage that a particular person or group of people has) of beauty are immense (enormous)," said Cocteau. To be sure, beauty is a form of power. And deservedly (in the way that is deserved; correctly) so. What is lamentable (deplorable, regrettable) is that it is the only form of power that most women are encouraged to seek. This power is always conceived (to form an idea, a plan, etc. in your mind; to imagine sth) in relation to men; it is not the power to do but the power to attract. It is a power that negates (to stop sth from having any effect否定, 拒绝) itself. For this power is not one that can be chosen freely—at least, not by women—or renounced (give up放弃, disown断绝关系) without social censure (strong criticism责难).[9] To preen (to spend a lot of time making yourself look attractive and then ad miring your appearance打扮), for a woman, can never be just a pleasure. It is also a duty. It is her work. If a woman does real work—and even if she has clambered(=climbed攀登) up to a leading position in politics, law, medicine, business, or whatever—she is always under pressure to confess that she still works at being attractive. But in so far as she is keeping up as one of the Fair Sex, she brings under suspicion her very capacity (ability, competence) to be objective, professional, authoritative, thoughtful (considerate, kind). Damned if they do—women are. And damned if they don't⑧.[10] One could hardly ask for more important evidence of the dangers of considering persons as split between what is "inside" and what is "outside" than that interminable half-comic half-tragic tale (story), the oppression of women. How easy it is to off, start out, begin) bydefining women as caretakers of their surfaces，look down upon蔑视) them (or find them adorable (lovable, attractive"superficial". It is a crude (offensive or rude, especially about sex拙劣的) trap (trick), and it has worked for too long. But to get out of the trap requires that women get some critical distance from that excellence and privilege which is beauty, enough distance to see how much beauty itself has been abridged (reduced or be shortened删节的) in order to prop up (support) the mythology (ideas that many people think are true but that do not exist or are false神话) of the "feminine". There should be a way of saving beauty from (protecting sth. from damage) women—and for them.Notes①Susan Sontag (1933-2004): American essayist, short story writer, and novelist, a leading commentator on modern culture. Sontag also wrote screenplays and directed films. She had a great impact on experimental art in the 1960s and 1970s, and she introduced many new stimulating ideas to American culture.②Socrates (苏格拉底，469 Bc⼀399 Bc)：a Greek philosopher.③Associating beauty ... morally: Beauty lost its central place and prestige due to the influence of Christianity and the fact that beauty was used only to refer to women made it even more degraded.④It does not take someone in the throes... : It does not take someone much effort... / It is quite easy...⑤It is ... to try: Here, in this sentence, beauty as a freedom of choice is emphasized.⑥Nothing less than perfection will do: People tend to hold a critical, almost fault- finding attitude towards beauty in women, wishing that every part of the body were perfect.⑦Think of ... judgment: An ideally good-looking man needs to be imperfect, while an ideally beautiful woman must be perfect.⑧Damned if they do—women are. And damned if they don't: If they have the capacity, they are wrong, and if they lack such capacity, they are also wrong. This shows a very paradoxical attitude towards women.W ord Bankabridge：to make sth. shorter删节，缩略administer：to manage or direct管理alienate：to make someone unwilling to give support使疏远arbitrary：based on personal opinion rather than facts or reason任意的，随意的assume：to believe sth. to be true without strong proof; to expect假设；假定blemish：sth. that spoils perfection瑕疵，污点complexion：the natural color or appearance of the skin, esp. of the face⾯⾊；肤⾊conceive：to become pregnant with (a child) 孕育confess：to admit (a fault, crime etc) 承认；坦⽩demean：to cause to lose sense of personal pride贬损，降低⾝份detriment：the condition of suffering harm or damage损害，伤害disciple：a follower信徒disparage：to speak about without respect贬低，轻视dissect：to cut up so as to study the shape and relationship of the parts, as medical students do 解剖，切开enchantment: a delightful influence or feeling of delight魅⼒，着迷honorable：deserving honor值得尊敬的inferior：not good or less good in quality or value次的，差的lamentable：very unsatisfactory令⼈惋惜的，可叹的masculine：of or having qualities suitable for a man男性的，阳刚的narcissism：too great love for one's own abilities or physical appearance⾃恋，⾃我陶醉overtone：things that are suggested but not shown or stated clearly含义，弦外之⾳pagan：of a person who is not a believer of any of the chief religions of the world异教徒的paradox：a statement that contradicts itself悖论pedagogy：the practice of teaching or the study of teaching methods教学法，教育学preen：to dress up打扮privilege：a special advantage limited to a particular person or group特权，特殊待遇renounce：to give up (a claim) 声明放弃scrutiny：a close study or look仔细检查，详审seductive：very desirable or attractive有魅⼒的trivial：of little worth or importance琐碎的，没有价值的vestige：a sign, mark, track, or other proof that sb. or sth. formerly existed痕迹，残余Phrases and Expressionsattribute...to：to believe (sth.) to be the result or work of归因于，认为是…的结果be wary of：to be careful of谨防，谨慎deprive...of：to take sth. away from somebody剥夺distinguish：between to make a difference between区分，区别identify...with：to share feelings or ideas of others; to consider as similar to与…共鸣；视……为⼀体pass muster：to be accepted as satisfactory通过，合格prop up：to support⽀撑，⽀持set...adrift：to make sth. unfastened or loose使漂浮submit...to：to offer sth. to sb. for consideration上交，提交Reading ComprehensionI. Choose the best for each of the following.1. In Para. 1, we can know that in ancient Greece, _____.A. there used to be the match of "inside" beauty and "outside" beautyB. inner beauty would be matched by beauty of the other kindC. "outside" beauty was more important than "inner" beautyD. one could be beautiful "inside" and ugly "outside"2. Beauty has acquired the implication of sexism mainly because of _____.A. the pedagogical acts of SocratesB. the influence of JesusC. men's ill intentionD. its being attributed to women3. The sentence "To be called beautiful is thought to name something essential to women's character and concerns." in Para.5 implies _____.A. women only care about their looksB. beauty is women's obligationC. women are beautifulD. women are not intelligent4. In Para. 9, men's attitude towards women's beauty is _____.A. disgustingB. confusingC. contradictoryD. changeable5. The author's tone in describing beauty is _____.A. appreciativeB. negativeC. objectiveD. criticalII. Complete the following summary of the text by filling in the blanks with words. The initial letter of each word has been given to you.Beauty has (1) acquired certain demeaning (2) overtones with the passage of time. In ancient Greece, beauty was considered a (3) virtue and it had nothing negative at all. If there was really a need to make a distinction between the innerbeauty and oute beauty at all, the Greeks stressed the (4) match between the "inside" and the "outside". However, due to the influence of Christianity, beauty lost its (5) prestige. For close to two centuries, beauty has continuously been downgraded since it was (6) attributed only to women.Today, beauty has taken some coloring of sexism. Beauty is not a free choice or individual development any more. It has become a (7) duty and oppression for women. The attitude of the society towards women's beauty is also quite (8) paradox. On the one hand, women are defined as the Fair Sex, as "caretakers of their surfaces"; on the other hand, men look down upon women and describe them as being "superficial". To get out from this trap set by the society, particularly men, women themselves have to take some actions. They need to (9) d themselves enough from beauty, which is that excellence and privilege only attributed to them, to know the rationale which (10) backs the mythology of the "feminine".VocabularyI. Choose the answer that best completes each sentence.1. The bank is very _____ about lending money.A. carefulB. cautiousC. waryD. productive2. The award was _____ to the famous U.S. physicist.A. grantedB. distributedC. attributedD. associated3. She is very beautiful, but she has a _____ voice.A. feminineB. masculineC. manlyD. womanly4. She tried to _____ her balance, but failed.A. retainB. remainC. containD. detain5. The drug has no _____ on cancer.A. treatmentB. influenceC. affectD. effect6. After a period of exercise, she has a fair _____.A. faceB. lookC. appearanceD. complexion7. Y our prompt shipment will be _____.A. likedB. enjoyedC. pleasedD. appreciated8. In some countries, education is a _____ enjoyed only by the upper class.A. rightB. privilegeC. dutyD. obligation9. My advice was completely _____.A. ignoredB. negligentC. snoredD. stored10. Experience is a revelation in the light of which we _____ our error of youth for those of aged.A. renouncedB. denouncedC. pronouncedD. announcedII. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary. virtue occur to paradoxical deprive arbitraryvestige detrimental conceive blemish pass musteridentify inferior scrutiny negate disparage1. The president was engrossed in his job, which was detrimental to his health.2. In the exam, most of them passed muster, but still there were a few who failed.3. I don't mean to disparage your achievements.4. Most presidents in this African country are arbitrary rulers. They don't care the life of their people.5. It occurred to me that I forgot to lock the door.6. Popular music is often considered to be inferior to classical music.7. He was not the "tough guy" the public identify him with.8. Ted was a paradox: a loner who loved to chat to strangers.9. The criminal was deprived of political rights after he was sentenced.10. The documents should be available for public scrutiny.II. TranslationPut the following paragraph into English.基督教把美归于⼥性。
专业学位硕士研究生英语
专业学位硕士研究生英语，是为满足研究生在专业学位项目中所需的英语能力而设立的一门课程。
这门课程旨在提供研究生所需的英语语言技能和专业领域知识，以便他们能够在专业领域中运用英语进行高水平的研究工作和学术交流。
专业学位硕士研究生英语课程注重培养研究生的听说读写能力。
在课堂上，学生们将通过丰富多样的教学活动，例如听力理解、口语表达、阅读理解和写作训练等，来提升他们的英语能力。
通过听力训练，研究生们将学会听懂各种学术场景下的英语讲座、研讨会和学术报告等；通过口语训练，研究生们将提升他们的英语口语表达能力，能够自如地进行学术讨论和演讲；通过阅读训练，研究生们将培养对学术文献的理解能力，获取专业知识；通过写作训练，研究生们将掌握写作学术论文和报告的技巧，提高写作水平。
专业学位硕士研究生英语课程也着重培养研究生在专业领域中的英语能力。
研究生们将学会如何运用英语进行学术研究，包括查阅相关文献、整理资料、分析实验结果等。
他们还将学会如何撰写学术论文、报告和演示文稿等，以展示他们在专业领域中的研究成果。
专业学位硕士研究生英语课程将通过学科背景知识的教学，帮助研究生们掌握用英语进行专业学术交流的技巧，使他们能够在国际学术界中发声，并与国际同行进行学术合作。
专业学位硕士研究生英语课程的目标是使研究生在专业领域中具备高水平的英语能力。
通过系统的学习，研究生们将成为在专业领域中能够独立开展研究和交流的专业人士。
他们将能够无障碍地阅读和理解国际期刊上的学术论文，能够运用英语参与国际会议，能够与国际同行合作进行学术研究。
通过专业学位硕士研究生英语课程的学习，研究生们将为他们未来的职业发展打下坚实的英语基础，为他们的学术研究和国际交流提供有力的支持。
专业学位硕士研究生英语课程旨在培养研究生在专业学术领域中的英语能力。
通过提升听说读写四个方面的能力，培养研究生在学术研究和学术交流中的英语表达能力。
专业学位硕士研究生英语课程的学习将为研究生未来的学术发展和职业发展提供有力的支持。
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专业学位硕士研究生英语
English for Master Degree Candidates
课程简介
《专业学位硕士研究生英语》课程是硕士阶段研究生一门必修的基础课程，是研究生教育过程中的一个重要组成部分。
硕士研究生英语以英语语言知识与应用技能、学习策略和跨文化交际为主要内容，教学目标以培养研究生的英语综合应用能力，特别是听说能力为主，强调培养研究生的英语口语、书面表达能力，为他们今后从事科研工作打下坚实的语言功底，以适应我国社会发展和国际交流对研究生英语水平的要求。
本课程重在学生参与、教师指导，使学生在语言实践过程中自然获取语言知识并掌握。
As an important educational component to Masters, English for Master is a required course in Capital Medical University. It aims to convey English language and applied language skills, learning strategies and cross-cultural communication to the masters. Its objective is to develop the Masters’ability to apply English, especially their ability in listening and speaking. The course focuses on the training of the masters’spoken and written capacity, thus laying a solid language foundation for the master candidates in their future work.
教学大纲
一、课程名称：专业学位硕士研究生英语
二、总学时数：72学时3学分
理论课72学时
实验课0学时
三、授课对象：
专业学位研究生。
预修完本科阶段的大学英语课程。
四、教学目的：
本课程的教学目的是以培养研究生的英语综合应用能力，特别是听说能力为主，强调培养研究生的英语口语、书面表达能力，为他们今后从事科研工作打下坚实的语言功底，以适应我国社会发展和国际交流对研究生英语水平的要求。
五、理论课程内容：
《医学院校硕士研究生英语读与写》中的内容
Unit 1 The Hippocratic Oath
Unit 3Patients Have Rights, but Doctors Have Rights, Too
Unit 8 Cognitive Changes Associated with Aging
Unit 9 Organ Transplantation: Ethical Dilemmas and Policy Choices
Unit 12 A Natural Disaster and a Human Tragedy
Unit 14 Environmental Risks to C hildren’s Health in the Home
《医学院校硕士研究生英语听与说》中的内容：相应内容
六、重点、难点：
本课程的重点是培养研究生的英语应用能力，特别是英语口语、书面表达能力。
本课程的难点是如何在有限的时间内为学生创造更多的语言应用环境及运用英语的机会。
七、授课
任务式教学法、课堂展示教学法、主题式教学法相结合。
具体的授课过程采用主题讲授、课堂讨论、课堂展示等方式进行。
首先由主题讲解导入，即由任课教师对有关主题作背景性介绍，并就主题内容进行深入阐述，使学生对于该主题中所要阐述的问题能够达到整体性了解；然后通过任务形式由学生准备与主题相关的资料、PPT文件等在课堂中进行展示、讨论，教师进行综合点评，从而为学生创造一个在完成任务过程中获取、吸收、使用并最终达到掌握语言知识的英语自然习得过程。
此外，在主题讲授的过程中均采用多媒体教学手段进行。
八、考试方式：
过程性评估和终结性评估相结合。
九、教材及主要参考书目：
1、《医学院校硕士研究生英语读与写》卢凤香，张海萍，张华君主编，2008年2月第1版，中国人
民大学出版社
2、《医学院校硕士研究生英语听与说》卢凤香，郑守志，顾维萍，李文斌主编，2009年1月第1版，
中国人民大学出版社
3、《当代研究生英语》刘润清，汤德馨，王贵明主编2000年8月第1版，外语教学与研究出版社
十、开课单位及负责人：
卫生管理与教育学院应用语言学系研究生教研室
教研室主任：张华君
课程负责人：张华君
联系电话：83911591—507；83911595。