多维教程熟谙课后题答案
研究生英语系列教程多维教程探索课后练习答案(完整版)
Unit OneKeyComprehensionA1. D2. It contrasts the attitudes of the French and the English-speaking people toward keeping their mother tongue "pure."3. The author does not appreciate the French attitude. He believes that they have gone to the extreme, because he says that 'the mind boggles at what the world might face. "That means the French are so sensitive that it is difficult to imagine what they will do to keep French pure in the future.4. B5. It refers to the differences between British and American English with regard to pronunciation and spelling of English. The author seems to agree with the Americans' viewpoint.6. C7. The King's English refers to English in its most proper and formal use. However, as it is used in foreign places, it is often used improperly. Here "lingo" mocks the formality of English that no longer exists in these foreign Usages8. Foreign varieties of English are very different from the original standard British English, sometimes they are barely recognizable.9. B10. The author thinks that communication is more important than the purification of the English language.B1. fast delivery (of the product)/rapid killing (of the customer)2. Please hang your own coat and hat here/die by hanging yourself3. "revolutionary" ideas are being sold/disgusting new ideas are being sold4. best bakers/idle, lazy persons5. the latest rnethod/a Christian denomination6. a doctor for women's diseases/regard women as a disease or womanizer (vulgar meaning)7. press the button of the lift to move it/inefficiency of the lift8. how to get service/open the door and call out the words “Room service”. (rude)9. in an European atmosphere/a car that rushes a person to the hospital10. serve the best wine/our wine is very bad; hopeless11. from 12~ 14 o'clock chamber maids are not busy/treat chambermaids unfairly (with possible sexual meaning)12. the pictures were painted in the last ten years/the painters were put to death13. leave your laundry/be naked or take off your clothes14. dancing is going on/very vulgar language (a reference to male sex organs)15. moral requirement for who can share the same room/implies that men and women must marry in order to live togetherVocabulary and StructureA1--b 2--d 3--f4—j 5—I 6--hB1. sensitive2. list3. prevalent4. deficiency5. withheld6. certainty7. functional 8. confronte 9. courtesy10. spared 11. stroke 12. ambitious13. purified 14. highlights 15. noveltyC1. A. sensitive B. sense C. sensitivity2. A. compulsory B. compulsion C. compulsory3. A. Lease B. lease C. leasing4. A. deviate B. deviantly C. deviation5. A. prevalence B. prevalent C. prevalent6. A. deficient B. deficiency C.deficient7. A. extracts B. extracting C. extracted8. A, confronted B. confrontation C. confronted9. A, spare B. spare C. spare10. A. stroke B. stroking C. strokeD1. C. make alternative2. B. of taking advantage3. C. of a head injury4. D. remains5. A. accepted6. A. as much energy as7. C. would end up 8. C. has been9. B. or 10. D. with whichE1. language2. associates3. in-laws4. total5. responds6. swell7. Hardly8. lives9. dreams 10. aloud 11. ourselves 12. so13. distinguishes 14. humanity 15. makes 16. expressed17. source 18. newborn 19. act 20. traditionSpeaking(Open)103fTranslation and Writing在过去，当探险者或商人们走出家园到外面的世界去寻找新的领地、市场或原材料资源时，他们通常与跟他们打交道的当地人说的不是同一种语言。
熟谙答案
Unit 1A. 1. assess2. alliance 3.outcome 4.ethical 5. identity 6. ambiguous 7. tolerable 8. participates 9. pursuit 10. constructiveB.1. at stake2. were obliged3. the climate of4. feel well-equipped5. beyond my grasp6. cut back7. other than8. rise above9. care about10.is boundedC.1. incompetent2. indulgence3. migrants4. probes5. complex6. suspense; engaged7. compassionate; committed8. tolerant9. tempted10. interconnectedD.1. A. Judging from2. B. in which3. C. and4. D. believe5. A. is one of/ is that of6. B. must get7. C. likely8. D. unemployed9. C. as well as/ and10. B. simplerE.1. what2. graduation3. intend4. getting5. eventually6. survey7. although8. graduates9. transfer10. rise11. attending12. instead13. cause14. because15. attending16. below17. failure18. expectations19. confidence20. educationKey to the translation from English to Chinese:1.德.汤说过，一切进步，一切发展均来自挑战及由此引起的反应。
多维英语熟谙课后答案完型
today's high-school seniors are asked what they plan to do after graduation, most say that they intend to get bachelor's degree. They have been told that their generation has only" one way to win" -by getting at least a bachelor's degree, in the hope that it will eventuallv lead to a professional job.In a recent survey of high-school seniors conducted by the National Center for Education Statistics, 85per cent of the respondents said they planned to get bachelor's degree. And，although 20years ago only 45 per cent of high-school graduates went on to college, today 68 per cent actually matriculate (注册)，with the majority enrolling in four-γear or two-year programs designed to allow them to transfer to four-year institutions.According to conventional wisdom, the rapid rise in the number of students attending college is cause for national celebration. But our research suggests that，instead it may be cause for national concern. Why because for many young people, the "one way to win" paradigm （例子)is not realistic ,given their academic talents and the labor-market projections. Students ranking below the top third of their high-school graduating class too often fail to earn a bachelor's degree if they enroll in college. The cost of such failure--in both dollarsand unmet expections-is rising and beginníng to erode public confidence in our system of higher eduation.2. A small family-owned company, Eisai, was one of the original manufacturers of vitamin E, and it maintained a strong research commitment to natural pharmaceuticals. Over the years, it developed drugs for the treatment of cardiovascular, respiratory, and neurological diseases. The company experienced steady. Modest growth, and in 1992 sales reached 197 billion yen and profits approached 13 billion yen. Although it was the sixth-largest Japanese pharmaceutical company . Eisai was a relatively small player in an industry in which global competition was increasing while growth in the domestic market was slowing down.In 1993, Haruo Naito took over as president from his father. Before that, he had chaired Eisai's five-year strategic planning committee. During that time, he had become convinced that the company's focus on the discovery and manufacture of pharmaceuticals was not sustainable for long-term growth against large, global competitors. Two years after becoming president, Naito formulated a radical new vision for Eisai that he called Human Health Care. It extended the company's focus from manufacturing drug treatmentsor specific illness to improving the overall quality of life. To accomplish that mission. Eisai developed a wide array of new products. And that, In turn, would require broad involvement and commitment. He encouraged innovative activity and created an environment in which employees' efforts would be accepted and rewarded. Soon there were proposals for 130 additional HHC projects and by the end of 1996. 73 projects were under way. Now, the company has moved from sixth to fifth place in the Japanese domestic pharmaceutical industry, and Eisai's customers and competitors view the company asa leader in health care.3. Today it can be said that wheels run America. The four rubber tires of the automobile (move) America through work and pay. Wheels spin, and people (drive) off to their jobs. Tires turn, and people shop for the week's food at the big supermarket (down) the highway. Hubcaps whirl, and the whole family spends a day at the lake .Each year more (wheels) crowd the highways a 10million new cars roll out of the factories. One (out) of every six Americans works at assembling cars. Driving trucks, building roads, or pumping gas, America (without) cars It 's unthinkable.But even though the (majority) of Americans would find it hard to (imagine) what life would belike without a car , some have begun to (realize) that the automobile is a mixed blessing. Traffic accidents are increasing steadily, and large cities are (plagued) by traffic congestion, Worst of all, perhaps, is the air pollution caused by the internal-combustion engine. Every car engine (burns) hundreds of gallons of fuel each year and pumps hundreds of pounds of carbon monoxide and other gases into the air. These gases are one source of the smog (that) hangs over large cities. Some of these gases are poisonous and dangerous (to) one's health, especially for someone with a weak heart or a respiratory disease.One answer to the problem of air pollution is to build a car that does not pollute. That's (what) several major automobile manufacturers are crying to do. (But) building a clean car is easier said than (done). S0 far, progress has been slow. Another solution is to eliminate car fume (altogether) by getting rid of the internal-combustion engine. Inventors are now working on turbine-powered cars, as well as on cars powered by steam and (electricity). But most of us won't be driving cars run on batteries or boiling water for a while yet. Many auto makers believe that it will take years to develop (practical) models that are powered byelectricity or steam.4. Children are now leaving home in late adolescence - an earlier age than in the past. Adolescentsare no longer involved in making an economic contribution to the family. In fact ， their major economic impact is as consumers, Therefore, the family has little reason to keep the child home as an economic contribution. It is becoming increasingly common for young people to leave home for college or to live with someone else when they become employed. Not only do families have fewer children but they have them in school and out of the home at younger ages than in the past.The most surprising finding with regard to children show a negative impact on marriage due to children. There has been much evidence that children contribute to greater conflict an d uncertainty in a marriage. Studies show that general life satisfaction is highest for people when they are young, married, and child less. Other studies show that American couples wit h children at home tend to have lower marital satisfaction than those without children. For both men and women, reports of happiness and satisfaction drop and don't rise again until the children are grown and about to leave the nest.5. In the world's rich countries, when you retire at 65 you canexpect to live, on average, for another15 or 20 years. A hundred years ago you would, on average, have been already dead. The late 20th century has brought to many the ultimate gift, the luxury of aging. But like any luxury, aging isexpensive .Governments are fretting about the cost already ; but they also know that far worse is to come; Over the next 30 or 40 years, the demographic changes of longer lives and fewer births will force most countries to rethink in fundamental ways their arrangements for paying for and looking after older people.In 1990 18%of people in OECD countries were aged over 60. By 2030 that figure will have risen to over 30%. The share of the "0ldest old" (those over 80) . Now around 3%, is set to double. The vast majority of these older people will be consumers, not producers. Thanks to state transfers, being old in developed countries mostly no longer means being poor. The old people will expect decent pensions to live on; they will make heavy demands on medical services; and some will need expensive nursing care. Yet while their numbers are expanding fast, numbers of people at work-who will have to foot the bill-will stay much the same , so each worker will have to carry a much heavier burden. Mass survival to a ripe old agewill not be confined to rich countries. Most developing countries,whose populations are now much younger than the developed world's are starting to age fast.6.The survival of wilderness-of places that we do not change, where we allow the existence even of creatures we perceive as dangerous-ís necessary. Whether we go to those places or not, we need to know that they exist. We do not need just the great public wildernesses, but millions of small private or semiprivate ones. Wilderness can occupy corners of factory grounds and city lots-places where nature is given free hand，where no human work is done, where we go only as guests. We go to wilderness places to be be instructed in the natural economies of fertility and healing, to admire what we cannot make. And we go in order to return with renewed knowledge by which we judge the health of our human economy and our dwellings. As we return from our visits to the wilderness. it is sometimes possible to imagine a series of fitting and decent transitions from wild nature to the human community and its supports; from forest for woodlot(林地) to the agriculture of three crops and pasture to orchard to meadow to garden to household to neighborhood to village to city-so that even when we reached the city we would not beentirely beyond the influence of the nature of that place.There is a strong view that holds that success is a myth, and ambition therefore a sham(假的东西). Does this mean that success does not really exist That achievement is at bottom empty That the efforts of men and women are of no significance alongside the force of movements and events Now not all success obviously, is worth esteeming, nor all ambition worth cultivating. Which are and which are not is something one soon enough learns on one’s own. But even the most cynical(冷嘲热讽的) secretly admit that success exists; that achievement counts for a great deal; and that the true myth is that the actions of men and women are useless. To believe otherwise is to take on a point of view that is likely to be deranging. It is, in its implications, to remove all motives for competence, interest in attainment, and regard for posterity.We do not choose to be born. We do not choose our parents. We do not choose our historical epoch, the country of our birth or the immediate circumstances of our upbringing. We do not, most of us, choose to die; nor do we choose the time or condition of our death. But within all this realm of choicelessness, we do choose how we shall live: courageously or in cowardice, honorably or dishonorably, with purpose or in drift. We decide what isimportant and what is trivial in life. We decide that what makes us significant is either what we do or what we refuse to do. But no matter how indifferent the universe may be to our choices and decisions, these choices and decisions are ours to make. We decide. We choose. And as we decide and choose, so are our lives formed. In the end, forming our own destiny is what ambition is about.。
研究生英语多维教程课文翻译及课后答案精编版
第一部分课文翻译旅行通用语1 数十年来，法兰西语言研究院一直捍卫着法语的尊严。
几年前，由于法国人对英语词汇的入侵非常敏感，该机构颁布了净化法语的法律，其内容甚至涉及专业术语。
就拿波音747 (Boeing747)来说吧，现在法国人必须用法语词gros-porteur；表示出租的leasing也变成了credit-bail。
此类例子不胜枚举，触及生活的方方面面。
法国总统希拉克很可能会继续加大力度，直至连英特网internet和字节流(信息组) byte stream之类的词也找到相应的法语新词。
哎，真不知未来的法语会变成什么样。
2 不幸的是(或许并非不幸)，英语没有受到如此的保护。
在美国，随处可见严重偏离英国标准英语的美式英语。
“honour”普遍被写成“honor”，“night”也变成了“nite”。
许多词意广为人知的英式英语单词被赋予新的解释，交流也变得有些困难。
比如说，汽车的行李箱“boot”变成了“trunk”(一个在英国指代树干的单词)；引擎盖“bonnet”变成了“hood”(英式英语中的风帽)；老式婴儿尿布“nappy”变成了“diaper”(英式英语中的菱格花纹织物)；婴儿小外套“matineejacket”也变成了“vest”(英国的内衣汗衫)。
显而易见，两国英语同出一源，而如今却将两国彼此隔离。
当然了，按美国人的观点，是英国人的语言表达出了问题。
3 实际使用中，甚至还有更糟的英语呢!只要你在外国旅游并注意一下菜单、海报、旅店、甚至当地日常生活中的英语，就可以证明过去的标准用语在这些地方已变得不伦不类，让我详例如下：4 旅行作家波洛?菲利浦曾不惜笔墨地渲染自己的几番经历，我觉得该有更多的读者了解一下。
他提及某份荷兰的灯泡目录，上面对用户承诺有“a speedy execution‟——快速处死(毫无疑问，想表达的应是“送货及时”)。
此外，东柏林的一个衣帽间告示要求客人“please hang yourself here”——请在这儿吊死自己(本想说的是“将衣帽挂在这儿”)。
多维教程答案
Unit 1A.1. assess2. alliance3. outcome4. ethical5. identity6. ambiguous7. tolerable 8. participates 9. pursuit 10.constructiveB.1. at stake2. were obliged3. the climate of4. feel well-equipped5. beyond my grasp6. cut back7. other than8. rise above9. care about10.is boundedC.1. incompetent2. indulgence3. migrants4. probes5. complex6. suspense; engaged7. compassionate; committed8. tolerant9. tempted10.interconnectedD.1. A. Judging from2. B. in which3. C. and4. D. believe5. A. is one of/ is that of6. B. must get7. C. likely8. D. unemployed9. C. as well as/ and 10.B. simplerE.1. what2. graduation3. intend4. getting5. eventually6. survey7. although8. graduates9. transfer 10. rise 11. attending12. instead 13. cause 14. because 15. attending 16. below 17. failure 18. expectations 19. confidence 20. educationKey to the translation from English to Chinese:1.德.汤说过，一切进步，一切发展均来自挑战及由此引起的反应。
研究生多维英语系列熟谙课后习题部分及答案(UNIT_1-UNIT_6)
UNIT 1A1. Governor Rockefeller was shocked by what happened and appointed a committee to assess the responsibility.2. Oliver Barrett IV and Jennifer started talking about marriage, thinking they were made for each other .But as a banker and a squeamish(太讲究规矩)parent, Oliver Barrett III refused to give his blessing to the proposed alliance .3. One outcome of the rapid advance of technology is the breakdown of the traditional division of labor between the sexes.4. Away from their profession, scientists are inherently no more honest or ethical than other people.But in their profession they work in an arena[ə'ri:nə] n. 舞台；竞技场that puts a high premium on honesty.5. Arthur is captured and visited by Montanelli. Arthur reveals his i dentity to Montanelli, who is delighted to find that he is still alive.6. The wording of the agreement is ambiguous .so both interpretations are valid.7. A lot of the summer jobs available here are only tolerable if you’re young and don’t mind working hard.8. She is isolated from the general problems of society and never participates in any of our discussion.9. The government is selling off the railways, in pursuit of its policy of privatization.10. She criticized my writing but in a way that was very constructive ---I learned a lot from her.B1. The race was her last chance to win a place in the national team so everything was at stake.2. They were obliged to sell their house in order to pay their debts.3. The government needs to find out what the climate of opinion is before it introduces any further changes in the health service.4. Not being a specialist in the subject I don’t feel well-equipped to answer such questions.5. I have failed to pass the examinations again and again. Why is success always beyond my grasp .6. They were forced to cut back production for lack of raw materials.7. We missed the last bus so there was no choice other than to walk home.8. A woman who can rise above克服，超越such disadvantages is clearly exceptional.9. They only care about themselves and the accumulation of their wealth.10. Britain is bounded in the south by the English Channel and Canada bounds the United States on thenorth.C1. I was dismayed at the thought of teaching algebra and geometry—two subjects at which I had been completely incompetent .（否定形式）2. If the hitch-hiker（搭便车）in the US will remember that he is seeking the indulgence of drivers to give him a free ride, and is prepared to give in exchange entertainment and company, and not to go to sleep, he will come across the remarkable, almost legendary, hospitality of the American of the West.3. The countryside was, in fact, famous for the abundance and variety of its bird life, and where the flood of migrants was pouring through in spring and autumn people traveled from great distances to observe them.4. One question that was solemnly studied in all three probes concerned the action of the referee – Did he act in time to stop the fight?5. The human brain is the most delicate and complex mechanism in all creation and it has a lacework of millions of highly fragile nerve connections.6. Telephone may create unnecessary suspense（悬疑，悬念）and anxiety, as when you wait for an expected call the doesn’t come; or irritating delay, as when you keep ringing a number that is always engaged .7. Winners care about the world and its peoples. They are not isolated from the general problems of society. They are concerned. compassionate（ate具有，富有）and committed to improving the quality of life.8. There’s general feeling that the president has been to tolerant of corruption.9. “Did you apply for that job?”—“Well, I was very tempted but in the end I decided not to.”10. The problems of poverty. homelessness and unemployment are all interconnected .UNIT2A1. viability h. workability2. dynamic i. full of vigor3. interim a. transitional4. legacy e. anything received from an ancestor5. retain k. continue to have6. demise n. end7. assume l. undertake8. assure g. make certain9. liquidity d. quality of being changed from assets into cash10. highlight c. draw attention toB1. No matter how good a company is, it is the market’s perception that counts.2. Chief executives are given responsibility and authority and then expected to act independently.3. A number of studies have indicated that effective leadership can make a difference in organizational performance.4. The Internet boom is creating new opportunities for marketing , advertising, and design experts.5. Company leaders can’t expect too severe punishment if their strategies fail to deliver.6. If the company’s financial health is good and its assets sufficient, it can create capital by voting to issue additional shares of common stock.7. It is said that the frequent transitions from cold to warm weather this spring have caused much illness.8. The word dilemma is used to indicate that the fungus is both helpful and harmful in its effects.9. Rivalry in business is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person regardless of his or her social class background.10. The government provides employment and training services for workers, and compensation for those who are temporarily out of work.11. Bely is a whiz at football; he attracts fans of all ages and all races.12. These original documents are invaluable to the company and they should be well preserved.C1. a. The board of directors required that Mr. Brown Justify buying expensive equipment at a time when the company was practicing strict economy.b. The outgoing flow of skills is not the only justification for the failure of the factory.c. Can you prove that your radical actions against them were justifiable ?d. The tourists were justifiably angry about the treatment they had received on the journey.e. I do think that the general manager was quite justified in dismissing his secretary.2. a. The army made a strategic withdrawal and then launched a counterattack against its enemy.b. Asking a management theorist to define strategy is rather like asking a philosopher to define truth.c. Strategics/Strategy is a required course in military academy.d. Can you name some of the internationally famous military strategists?e. By order of the corps commander, the staff officers strategized the military manoeuvre.f. It was not until the war broke out that they realized that the islands were strategically important.3. a. Those who have an advanced university degree or equivalent professional qualifications in the fields of finance banking and business administration are given priority.b. By improving the quality of its products and developing new designs, the firm finally overcame its financial troubles.c. The orphanage received an appreciable contribution from a wealthy German financier.d. Western governments need to reconsider their pledge to finance new reactors for the Ukraine in return for the closure of the Chernobyl power plant.e. Financially ,the joint venture was not as successful as people had expected.4. a. Joan feels resentful that almost every colleague remains indifferent to her pleading.（恳求）b. He obviously resents us and I had presumed it was the English he hated.c. She harbored a deep resentment towards her employer for having denied her a promotion.d. Mr White says resentfully that his wife has spoiled their son by giving him too much money.5. a. Only the conductor can perceive the slightest variation from true pitch in each instrument.b. Many investors had a clear perception of the grave situation in the gulf area and soon decided not to start new projects there.c. The fine shades of color in the painting are hardly perceptible.d. He made a very perceptive comment on campaigns needed to combat juvenile delinquency.e. The commission agent declared that this sample was perceptibly different from the goods supplied.6. a. The wild life in Africa is extremely diverse and therefore two wildlife research institutes have been established there.b. The factory may seek to diversify its products to sell in different markets.c. I think diversity of opinions makes for an interesting discussion.d. Earnings were not affected by the decline because of the company’s recent diversification into other lines.e. The band is going to give a diversified musical program ranging from classical to modern.7. a. Should war break out, innumerous works of art, historical monuments and priceless historical records would be ruthlessly destroyed.b. The destructive tornado resulted in great loss of life and property.C. The destruction cause by the earthquake left thousands of people homeless.d. A destructionist is one who delights in or advocates devastation.e. The navy, in the sea warfare, only sent two destroyers because there were no larger ships ready.f. Have you learnt how to distinguish destroying angel from mushroom?g. As reported in the magazine, Schwarzernegger, a Hollywood star, has become weak and destructible because of his illness.8. a. No manufacturer does not wish to develop its domestic and foreign markets.b. Contaminated foods are not marketable; they provide more damage than nutrition.c. The car dealer markets his cars at competitive prices.d. Mr. Swafford has been appointed as the marketing director of the firm.e. The company is a big marketer specializing in gasoline.9. a. Sound policies and favorable environments are essential to the economic prosperity of any county.b. He tells me that his farm is prospering through good management and an absence of calamities.c. Nepal, an agricultural country, has entered into a prosperous period of industrial growth.d. The cherry-trees along the riverbank are growing marketer; they are bound to bear fruit this year.10. a. English is derived in the main from the common Germanic stock.b. Mr. Olin King is really a workaholic; he must derive much pleasure from his work.c. In my opinion, what he set up was nothing but a derivative theory lacking originality.d. Knowledge of investment and financial markets including derivatives would be advantageous, while excellent communication and influencing skills are essential.UNIT 3A1. pick up d. increase in speed2. toll f. total number of death3. electrify j. make sb very excited and surprised4. sprawl a. spread the limbs about5. legitimate i. acceptable, valid6. transit h. the act of passing across7. implement g. carry out; get done8. accommodate e. adapt9. landscape c. a view of scenery on land10. mobility b. easy movement to a different job1. Unlike Japanese workers, American employees have experienced great job mobility.2. The nation’s highway death toll has increased every year since the invention of the automobile.3. We must update our knowledge and accommodate ourselves to the changing world.4. From the church tower. people can enjoy a very beautiful landscape formed by the two hills and the valley.5. He was reading contentedly with his legs sprawled over the arm of the couch.6. You know yourself better than anyone else; do not undertake that project unless you can implement it.7. Sickness is a legitimate reason for a child’s being absent from school.8. It snowed last night and transit across the icy bridge is so dangerous that the bridge has to be closed for the time being.9. Some railroads once run by steam are now electrified to reduce the pollution and accelerate the speed of railroad transportation.10. People who must drive a lot know the big difference gasoline can make in pick up economy and smooth operation.B1. Hotels and restaurants are an Integral part of the city; without them, the city’s tourist industry could not exist.2. Customers will come back, later in life, when they are better off and want to buy more expensive things.3. One of the most impressive projects he has seen in Pudong is the sprawling airport.4. Mexico City is at an elevation of 7,300 feet; three million vehicles clog its streets and in the thin air; engines release twice as many emissions as they would at sea level.5. By 1988 roughly the same large proportion of blacks as of whites lived in metropolitan areas.6. Heavy floods caused by deforestation have recently led Thailand to ban all logging even though the country depends on timber and its products as an important source of employment and foreign exchange.7. People in the middle class or higher, whether they live in developed or less developed countries, are mostly urban, and they are on the move by car incessantly—as commuters, as vacationers.8. No matter how often we reminded our children, they never cleaned their rooms; the clutter in the room became so bad that we couldn’t even open their door.9. Our university canteen is large enough to accommodate all the students and teaching staff.10. During the Second World War. Many Jewish people in Germany were displaced and murdered.C1. The programs to teach young children enabling skills are now being advocated from coast to coast.(全国各地)2. There can be but little doubt that his ancestors where the great unwashed. (下层民众)3. Many people still revere their late premier though he passed away many years ago.4. There are some legitimate reasons for some scientists to denounce the practice of cloning.5. When Lincoln got his Christmas gift, a video game, he tore up the box to get to the cartridge and popped it into the game machine immediately.6. Short of the President himself, probably on one could have convinced people of the feasibility of his welfare programs.7. Sumo wrestlers are noted for their strength, while fencers, for their nimbleness.8. He bought a bicycle and started to ride to work as he could no longer put up with the constriction of movement in the packed bus.9. The judge pronounced that the accused man was guilty of murder and sentenced him to life imprisonment.10. Until a relatively short time ago, traveling abroad was limited to people who were well off or prosperous business people.EToday it can be said that wheels run America. The four rubber tires of the automobile move America through work and pay. Wheels spin, and people drive off to their jobs. Tires turn, and people shop for the week’s food at the big supermarket down the highway. Hubcaps whirl, and the whole family spends a day at the lake .Each year more wheels crowd the highways a 10million new cars roll out of the factories. One out of every six Americans works at assembling cars. Driving trucks, building roads, or pumping gas, America without cars? It’s unthinkable.But even though the majority of Americans would find it hard to imagine what life would be like without a car, some have begun to realize that the automobile is a mixed blessing. Traffic accidents are increasing steadily, and large cities are plagued by traffic congestion, Worst of all, perhaps, is the air pollution caused by the internal-combustion engine. Every car engine burns hundreds of gallons of fuel each year and pumps hundreds of pounds of carbon monoxide and other gases into the air. These gases are one source of the smog that hangs over large cities. Some of these gases are poisonous and dangerous to one’s health, especially for someone with a weak heart or a respiratory disease.One answer to the problem of air pollution is to build a car that does not pollute. That’s what several major automobile manufacturers are crying to do.But building a clean car is easier said than done. So far, progress has been slow. Another solution is to eliminate car fume altogether by getting rid of the internal-combustion engine. Inventors are now working on turbine-powered cars, as well as on cars powered by steam and electricity. But most of us won’t be driving cars run on batteries or boiling water for a while yet. Many auto makers believe that it will take years to develop practical models that are powered by electricity or steam.UNIT 4A1. a. On a large national scale where the government becomes involved, cooperation is seen as coerciveand destructive rather than voluntary and constructive.b. Political opponents were put into camps during the war and coerced into force labor.2. a. The preoccupation of millions of Americans with status is said to have intensified social stratification in the country.b. The president has been preoccupied with the suffering of the victims since the damaging tornado.3. a. Most surveys find that people are reluctant to place themselves at either the top or the bottom of the social ladder.b. Johnson had a reluctance to agree to their conditions, but he didn’t really have much choice.4. a. Tom changed from a friendly boy into a confused an moody adolescent.b. As children enter adolescence, they begin to demand greater freedom to go where they please, do what they please, and make decisions without parental interference.5. a. The law organized protests and, by implication of opposition.b. What the boss has just said contains implicit approval of your work.6. a. Marriage can be threatened by children who arouse ambivalent between the parents in a variety of ways.b. There are many people, myself among the number, who have a somewhat adolesecnce attitude toward producing off spring.7. a. Both the couple should be responsible for emotional maintenance of the marriage and for raising the children and running the household.b. I’m inclined to share your doubt in regard to the maintainability of the relationship between Dr.Helen Kaplan and her husband.8. a. Young people today are more concerned with self-fulfilment and preserving privacy than those were in 1960s.b. Although party officials give the President their public support, many are saying in private that he may have to resign.9. a. Feelings of patriotism are expressed more clearly an d freely now, but there is little enthusiasm fora return to military conscription during peacetime.b. The exhibition will be of interest to vintage car owners and other motoring enthusiasts.10. a. Drug users develop a tolerance for some drugs, that is they have to take steadily increasing amounts to achieve a given level of effect.b. What these people want is a tolerable existence—more food, better shelter and peace.11. a. According to the statisticians, the estimated number of people afflicted by hunger and malnutrition is about 500 million.b. We spend more on health care than any other nation in the world, yet statistically show that we are not the world’s healthiest nation.12. a. Language makes rational thought possible and enables us to reason, to draw logical conclusions from the evidence of our senses, and to generalize from one event to another.b. It’s unbelievable that Mary, a teenage girl, has learnt to view things with cold rationality.B1. The traditional family with only the husband working can be found most often during the earlier years of marriage when children are being born and cared for.2. The first thing to do in seeking a position is to determine exactly what you want to do, not in terms of a vague objective but with a definite goal.3. Sociologists will manage to find out what lies behind the violence that occurs among affluent families.4. The Rev. Septimus Harding?—Yes, it rings a bell.He’s a character in some novel. I believe, but I can’t remember which one.5. Energy shortage, soaring inflation, rampant unemployment and the threat of war have made adult Americans nervous, and that sense of pervasive worry has been passed on to the nation’s youth.6. The idea of trying to cheat the income tax authorities went against his principles; he had a strong sense of civic responsibility.7. Football fans began lining up early in the morning at the box office to buy cup-tie tickets.8. The chairman gave me a hint that he would like me to think of some ready way of stopping Tom from chiming on the proposal.9. If anyone can think of better course of action, I am open to suggestions.10 . School children brought up in a Western heritage do not know about Shamba Bolongogo.DChildren are now leaving home in late adolescence – an earlier age than in the past. Adolescents are no longer involved in making an economic contribution to the family. In fact , their major economic impact is as consumers, Therefore, the family has little reason to keep the child home as an economic contribution. It is becoming increasingly common for young people to leave home for college or to live with someone else when they become employed. Not only do families have fewer children but they have them in school and out of the home at younger ages than in the past.The most surprising finding with regard to children show a negative impact on marriage due to children. There has been much evidence that children contribute to greater conflict an d uncertainty in a marriage. Studies show that general life satisfaction is highest for People when they are young, married, and childless. Other studies show that American couples with children at home tend to have lower marital satisfaction than those without children. For both men and women, reports of happiness and satisfaction Drop--and don’t rise again until the children are grown and about to leave the nest. UNIT 5A1. You are looking a bit fragile this morning; you must have had too much alcohol last night. A. weak2. As she is allergic to eggs, she cannot eat one without breaking into a rash. B. sensitive3. She still looks weak though her fever subsided after she took some medicine. C. came down4. Relations between the two countries began to deteriorate in 1965. D. worsen5. Economic activity has been organized on the assumption of cheap and abundant oil from the beginning of the 20th century until early the 21st century. B. premise6. Amid the usual sound and fury, the main point may be lost; are the level and structure of pay producing the kind of teachers the country needs? A. In7. The government gave money to people to help buy homes outside of the cities. This system of subsidized housing caused many people to leave urban areas. D. aided8. The farm ministers from European countries scheduled an emergency meeting in Luxeboug in hopes of easing the worldwide ”mad cow” panic. B. fear9. In one secne of Modern Time, Charlie Chaplin was shown trying desperately to keep in time with a rapid assembly line. D. hopelessly10. Owing to an acute lack of lower-income housing, the municipal government is embarrassed by the impressing housing issue. B. grave11. The idea that machines could be made to fly seemed fantastic two hundred years ago. C. eccentric B1. His education in business school has set him up to step into any kind of business and run it.2. She advised John, ”You should not let your child study in a foreign country; she would n’t fit in there.”3. The young lecturer is popular with his students and every student is thankful for his assistance in their studies.4. With the possibility of redundancy in their minds, middle-aged workers have to work harder to holddown their jobs.5. Transnational corporations usually enjoy a wide reputation for fair dealing which they have built up over many years.6. He very much appreciated his chance to study here because of what he had gone through in his childhood.7. Owing to the fact that each family has only one child, the responsibility of looking after the elderly will heavily weigh heavily on the “only child” generation.8. We hoped that trust would be built up among those four parties but it doesn’t seem to be working out that way.9. The ruling party still won the general election although quite a few members had broken away from the Party.10. Failing in the university entrance examination was bad enough, but even worse was the feeling thatI had let my parents down.DIn the world’s rich countries, when you retire at 65 you can expect to live, on average, for another 15 or 20 years. A hundred years ago you would, on average, have been already dead. The late 20th century has brought to many the ultimate gift; the luxury of aging. But like any luxury, aging is expensive .Governments are fretting about the cost already; but they also know that far worse is to come; Over the next 30 or 40 years, the demographic changes of longer lives and fewer births will force most countries to rethink in fundamental ways their arrangements for paying for and looking after older people.In 1990 18%of people in OECD countries were aged over 60. By 2030 that figure will have risen to over 30%. The share of the “Oldest old” (those over 80) . Now around 3%, is set to double. The vast majority of these older people will be consumers, not producers. Thanks to state transfers, being old in developed countries mostly no longer means being poor. The old people will expect decent pensions to live on; they will make heavy demands on medical services; and some will need expensive nursing care. Yet while their numbers are expanding fast, numbers of people at work-who will have to foot the bill-will stay much the same,so each worker will have to carry a much heavier burden.Mass survival to a ripe old age will not be confined to rich countries. Most developing countries, whose populations are now much younger than the developed world’s are starting to age fast.UNIT 6A1. simplicity(朴素) complexity (复杂)2. domestic(驯养的) wild (野生的)3. deficiency(不足的) surplus (过剩的)4. partially(偏袒地) indifferently (漠不关心地)5. heavenly(神圣的) earthly (沉思的)6. deny(拒绝) acknowledge (承认答谢)7. obscurely(晦涩地) obviously/apparently (明显地)8. enlarge(扩大的) diminish (使减小)9. natural(自然的) artificial (人造的)10. constructive(建设性的) destructive (破坏的)B1. ultimately g. in the end2. intricate j. complicated3. encroachment a. act of intruding gradually4. fertility f. fruitfulness5. pointedly b. markedly6. indispensable h. absolutely essential7. legitimate i. that can be justified8. whatsoever c. of any kind at all9. primeval d. relating to the first age of the world10. beneficent e. having good effect1. That primeval ocean, growing in bulk as the rains slowly filled its basins, must have been faintly salty.2. There is no scientific evidence whatsoever to support the view that assisted suicide should be declared acceptable and legal.3. Most people believe that the study of another nation, its society and culture, not only can be fascinating but also beneficent.4. A scientist is apt to think that all the problems of philosophy will ultimately be solved by science.5. Lung cancer is pointedly linked with air pollution in cities with high concentrations of industry and vehicular traffic.6. The brain of a child has evolved to process speech, not intricate written symbols that represent speech.7. The problem that urban sprawl is encroaching upon the unspoilt countryside deserves more attention from the government and the public.8. Language is indispensable to human life because it gives meaning to otherwise random experiences.9. Adolf Berle drew a legitimate conclusion that business people will undermine business itself as well as their own welfare if they break the law.10. Over cultivation and a long period of soil erosion has reduced the fertility of much of the country’s farmland.C1. In short, the National Research Institute of Police Science is responsible for supporting, from a scientific angle, all police activities, especially criminal investigation.2. The reasons for extremely high medical costs are many and can by no means be attributed to inflation exclusively.3. The country is up against drug abuse, one of the most challenging social problems nowadays.4. Martin Luther King was endowed with a graceful and spirit-stirring eloquence and almost all people, black or white, were under the spell of his effective speech I Have A Dream.5. The plan for introducing new technology at the expense of the existing work force will undoubtedly meet with fierce opposition.6. As a charity, the organization provides food and shelter for people in need, regardless of the reasons for their need.7. Allowing for traffic delays, you had better start earlier if you want to catch Flight 818 for New York City.8. All available evidence goes to show that the general was involved in the conspiracy to overturn the government.9. Mr. Harold Rosen, an obstinate man is always acting on his own judgement; nobody can have influence over him.10. Dutch speakers can usually understand German quite well, but strangely enough not vice versa .EThe survival of wilderness- of places that we do not change, where we allow the existence even of creatures we perceive as dangerous-is necessary. Whether we go to those places or not, we need to know that they exist. We do not need just the great public wildernesses, but millions of small private or semiprivate ones. Wilderness can occupy corners of factory grounds and city lots -places where nature。
(完整版)研究生英语多维教程熟谙(正文翻译+课后练习参考答案)
Unit1 从能力到责任当代的大学生对他们在社会中所扮演的角色的认识模糊不清。
他们致力于寻求在他们看来似乎是最现实的东西：追求安全保障，追逐物质财富的积累。
年轻人努力想使自己成人成才、有所作为，但他们对未来的认识还是很模糊的。
处于像他们这样前程未定的年龄阶段，他们该信仰什么?大学生一直在寻找真我的所在，寻找生活的意义。
一如芸芸众生的我们，他们也陷入了两难的境地。
一方面，他们崇尚奉献于人的理想主义，而另一方面，他们又经不住自身利益的诱惑，陷入利己主义的世界里欲罢不能。
最终而言，大学教育素质的衡量取决于毕业生是否愿意为他们所处的社会和赖以生存的城市作出贡献。
尼布尔曾经写道：“一个人只有意识到对社会所负有的责任，他才能够认识到自身的潜力。
一个人如果一味地以自我为中心，他将会失去自我。
”本科教育必须对这种带有理想主义色彩的观念进行自我深省，使学生超越以自我为中心的观念，以诚相待，服务社会。
在这一个竞争激烈＼残酷的社会，人们期望大学生能报以正直、文明，，甚至富有同情心的人格品质去与人竞争，这是否已是一种奢望?人们期望大学的人文教育会有助于培养学生的人际交往能力，如今是否仍然适合?毫无疑问，大学生应该履行公民的义务。
美国的教育必须立刻采取行动，使教育理所当然地承担起弥合公共政策与公众的理解程度之间的极具危险性且在日益加深的沟壑这一职责。
那些要求人们积极思考政府的议程并提供富于创意的意见的信息似乎越来越让我们感到事不关己。
所以很多人认为想通过公众的参与来解决复杂的公共问题已不再可能行得通。
设想，怎么可能让一些非专业人士去讨论必然带来相应后果的政府决策的问题，而他们甚至连语言的使用都存在困难?核能的使用应该扩大还是削弱?水资源能保证充足的供应吗?怎样控制军备竞赛?大气污染的安全标准是多少?甚至连人类的起源与灭绝这样近乎玄乎的问题也会被列入政治议事日程。
类似的一头雾水的感觉，公众曾经尝试过。
当他们试图弄懂有关“星球大战”的辩论的问题时，那些关于“威慑”与“反威慑”等高科技的专业术语，曾让公众一筹莫展。
多维教程熟谙课后题答案
Book IIUnit 1A.1.assess the respon sibil ity2.allian ce 联姻3.outcom e4.no more honest or ethica l5.identi ty6.ambigu ous意义含糊的7.tolera ble可忍受的8.partic ipate s参与9.pursui t10.constr uctiv e建设性的B.1.at stake危急关头2.were oblige d被迫3.the climat e of气氛4.feel well-equipp ed to answer such questi ons5.beyond my grasp超出我的理解6.cut back消减，缩短7.otherthan除了8.rise above克服9.care about关心10.is bounde d被包围C.1.incomp etent没有能力2.indulg enceof drivers纵容，爱好3.the floodof migran ts候鸟4.in all three probes探讨ple x 复杂的mechan i sm6.suspen se悬念; engage d战线pas siona te有同情心的; commit ted忠诚的8.tolera nt9.tempte d想要10.interc onnec ted互相联系D.1. A. Judgin g from2. B. in which3. C. and4. D. believ e5. A. is one of/ is that of6. B. must get7. C. likely8. D. unempl oyed9. C. as well as/ and10.B. simple rE. 1.what2.gradua tion3.intend4.gettin g5.eventu ally6.survey7.althou gh8.gradua tes9.transf er10.rise11.attend ing12.instea d13.cause14.becaus e15.attend ing16.below17.failur e18.expect ation s19.confid encecat ionKey to the transl ation from Englis h to Chines e:1.德.汤说过，一切进步，一切发展均来自挑战及由此引起的反应。
研究生英语多维教程熟谙Unit 3(para5-6)详解
History of automobile
The world„s first four-wheel car
In 1885, German Gottlieb Daimler （哥特里布·戴姆勒） (1843 1900) invented the first fourwheel car.
History of automobile
words and phrases
complex ['kɔmpleks] n. a group of buildings, used for one particular purpose 建筑群，综合体 synonym（同义词）：composite e.g. The atrium is at the heart of the building and accessible from all sides, while the office levels are connected by bridges, creating a continuous floor stretching through the entire building complex. 这里是建筑的心脏地带，可以通向整个建筑的各个角落，与此同时，办公部分 由桥相连，伸向整个建筑群。
rise up be built up, erected, go up 建立，耸立；竖立；上升，起来 e.g. The people of the whole country got united to rise up against the foreign invaders. 全国人民团结起来反抗外国侵略者。 Invaders [in'veidəz]侵略者（invader的复数）；侵入种
words and phrases
研究生英语多维教程熟谙课后题答案完整版
研究生英语多维教程熟谙课后题答案HEN system office room 【HEN16H-HENS2AHENS8Q8-HENH1688】B o o k I IUnit 1A.1.assess2.alliance3.outcome4.ethical5.identity6.ambiguous7.tolerable8.participates9.pursuit10.constructiveB.1.at stake2.were obliged3.the climate of4.feel well-equipped5.beyond my grasp6.cut back7.other than8.rise above9.care about10.is boundedC.1.incompetent2.indulgence3.migrants4.probesplex6.suspense; engagedpassionate; committed8.tolerant9.tempted10.interconnectedD.1.A. Judging from2.B. in which3.C. and4.D. believe5.A. is one of/ is that of6.B. must get7.C. likely8.D. unemployed 9. C. as well as/ and10.B. simplerE.1.what2.graduation3.intend4.getting5.eventually6.survey7.although8.graduates9.transfer10.rise11.attending12.instead13.cause14.because15.attending16.below17.failure18.expectations19.confidencecationKey to the translation from English to Chinese:1.德.汤说过，一切进步，一切发展均来自挑战由此引起的反应。
研究生多维英语熟谙课后答案-完型
1.When today's high-school seniors are asked what they plan to do after graduation, most say that they intend to get bachelor's degree. They have been told that their generation has only" one way to win" -by getting at least a bachelor's degree, in the hope that it will eventuallv lead to a professional job.In a recent survey of high-school seniors conducted by the National Center for Education Statistics, 85per cent of the respondents said they planned to get bachelor's degree. And，although 20years ago only 45 per cent of high-school graduates went on to college, today 68 per cent actually matriculate (注册)，with the majority enrolling in four-γear or two-year programs designed to allow them to transfer to four-year institutions.According to conventional wisdom, the rapid rise in the number of students attending college is cause for national celebration. But our research suggests that，instead it may be cause for national concern. Why? because for many young people, the "one way to win" paradigm （例子)is not realistic ,given their academic talents and the labor-market projections. Students ranking below the top third of their high-school graduating class too often fail to earn a bachelor's degree if they enroll in college. The cost of such failure--in both dollars and unmet expections-is rising and beginníng to erode public confidence in our system of higher eduation.2. A small family-owned company, Eisai, was one of the original manufacturers of vitamin E, and it maintained a strong research commitment to natural pharmaceuticals. Over the years, it developed drugs for the treatment of cardiovascular, respiratory, and neurological diseases. The company experienced steady. Modest growth, and in 1992 sales reached 197 billion yen and profits approached 13 billion yen. Although it was the sixth-largest Japanese pharmaceutical company . Eisai was a relatively small player in an industry in which global competition was increasing while growth in the domestic market was slowing down.In 1993, Haruo Naito took over as president from his father. Before that, he had chaired Eisai's five-year strategic planning committee. During that time, he had become convinced that the company's focus on the discovery and manufacture of pharmaceuticals was not sustainable for long-term growth against large, global competitors. Two years after becoming president, Naito formulated a radical new vision for Eisai that he called Human Health Care. It extended the company's focus from manufacturing drug treatments or specific illness to improving the overall quality of life. To accomplish that mission. Eisai developed a wide array of new products. And that, In turn, would require broad involvement and commitment. He encouraged innovative activity and created an environment in which employees' efforts wouldbe accepted and rewarded. Soon there were proposals for 130 additional HHC projects and by the end of 1996. 73 projects were under way. Now, the company has moved from sixth to fifth place in the Japanese domestic pharmaceutical industry, and Eisai's customers and competitors view the company as a leader in health care.3. Today it can be said that wheels run America. The four rubber tires of the automobile (move) America through work and pay. Wheels spin, and people (drive) off to their jobs. Tires turn, and people shop for the week's food at the big supermarket (down) the highway. Hubcaps whirl, and the whole family spends a day at the lake .Each year more (wheels) crowd the highways a 10million new cars roll out of the factories. One (out) of every six Americans works at assembling cars. Driving trucks, building roads, or pumping gas, America (without) cars? It 's unthinkable.But even though the (majority) of Americans would find it hard to (imagine) what life would be like without a car , some have begun to (realize) that the automobile is a mixed blessing. Traffic accidents are increasing steadily, and large cities are (plagued) by traffic congestion, Worst of all, perhaps, is the air pollution caused by the internal-combustion engine. Every car engine (burns) hundreds of gallons of fuel each year and pumps hundreds of pounds of carbon monoxide and other gases into the air. These gases are one source ofthe smog (that) hangs over large cities. Some of these gases are poisonous and dangerous (to) one's health, especially for someone with a weak heart or a respiratory disease.One answer to the problem of air pollution is to build a car that does not pollute. That's (what) several major automobile manufacturers are crying to do. (But) building a clean car is easier said than (done). S0 far, progress has been slow. Another solution is to eliminate car fume (altogether) by getting rid of the internal-combustion engine. Inventors are now working on turbine-powered cars, as well as on cars powered by steam and (electricity). But most of us won't be driving cars run on batteries or boiling water for a while yet. Many auto makers believe that it will take years to develop (practical) models that are powered by electricity or steam.4. Children are now leaving home in late adolescence - an earlier age than in the past. Adolescentsare no longer involved in making an economic contribution to the family. In fact ，their major economic impact is as consumers, Therefore, the family has little reason to keep the child home as an economic contribution. It is becoming increasingly common for young people to leave home for college or to live with someone else when they become employed. Not only do families have fewer children butthey have them in school and out of the home at younger ages than in the past.The most surprising finding with regard to children show a negative impact on marriage due to children. There has been much evidence that children contribute to greater conflict an d uncertainty in a marriage. Studies show that general life satisfaction is highest for people when they are young, married, and child less. Other studies show that American couples wit h children at home tend to have lower marital satisfaction than those without children. For both men and women, reports of happiness and satisfaction drop and don't rise again until the children are grown and about to leave the nest.5. In the world's rich countries, when you retire at 65 you can expect to live, on average, for another15 or 20 years. A hundred years ago you would, on average, have been already dead. The late 20thcentury has brought to many the ultimate gift, the luxury of aging. But like any luxury, aging isexpensive .Governments are fretting about the cost already; but they also know that far worse is to come; Over the next 30 or 40 years, the demographic changes of longer lives and fewer births will force most countries to rethink in fundamental ways their arrangements for paying for and looking after older people.In 1990 18%of people in OECD countries were aged over 60. By 2030 that figure will have risen to over 30%. The share of the "0ldest old" (those over 80) . Now around 3%, is set to double. The vast majority of these older people will be consumers, not producers. Thanks to state transfers, being old in developed countries mostly no longer means being poor. The old people will expect decent pensions to live on; they will make heavy demands on medical services; and some will need expensive nursing care. Yet while their numbers are expanding fast, numbers of people at work-who will have to foot the bill-will stay much the same , so each worker will have to carry a much heavier burden. Mass survival to a ripe old age will not be confined to rich countries. Most developing countries,whose populations are now much younger than the developed world's are starting to age fast.6.The survival of wilderness-of places that we do not change, where we allow the existence even of creatures we perceive as dangerous-ís necessary. Whether we go to those places or not, we need to know that they exist. We do not need just the great public wildernesses, but millions of small private or semiprivate ones. Wilderness can occupy corners of factory grounds and city lots-places where nature is given free hand，where no human work is done, where we go only as guests. We go to wilderness places to be restored.to be instructed in the naturaleconomies of fertility and healing, to admire what we cannot make. And we go in order to return with renewed knowledge by which we judge the health of our human economy and our dwellings. As we return from our visits to the wilderness. it is sometimes possible to imagine a series of fitting and decent transitions from wild nature to the human community and its supports; from forest for woodlot(林地) to the agriculture of three crops and pasture to orchard to meadow to garden to household to neighborhood to village to city-so that even when we reached the city we would not be entirely beyond the influence of the nature of that place.There is a strong view that holds that success is a myth, and ambition therefore a sham(假的东西). Does this mean that success does not really exist? That achievement is at bottom empty? That the efforts of men and women are of no significance alongside the force of movements and events? Now not all success obviously, is worth esteeming, nor all ambition worth cultivating. Which are and which are not is something one soon enough learns on one’s own. But even the most cynical(冷嘲热讽的) secretly admit that success exists; that achievement counts for a great deal; and that the true myth is that the actions of men and women are useless. To believe otherwise is to take on a point of view that is likely to be deranging. It is, in its implications, to remove all motives for competence, interest in attainment, and regard for posterity.We do not choose to be born. We do not choose our parents. We do not choose our historical epoch, the country of our birth or the immediate circumstances of our upbringing. We do not, most of us, choose to die; nor do we choose the time or condition of our death. But within all this realm of choicelessness, we do choose how we shall live: courageously or in cowardice, honorably or dishonorably, with purpose or in drift. We decide what is important and what is trivial in life. We decide that what makes us significant is either what we do or what we refuse to do. But no matter how indifferent the universe may be to our choices and decisions, these choices and decisions are ours to make. We decide. We choose. And as we decide and choose, so are our lives formed. In the end, forming our own destiny is what ambition is about.。
《多维教程-熟谙》- Unit2
Text 2: Family Business: the Next GenerationDavid Zaudtke Doug AmmermaIntroductions: In Chinese, there is a saying that it is by no means easy for a clan to remain its prosperity over three generations. It is not common for a clan to remain a very humble situation over three generations either. As success of a family business seems to be checked by many factors. In different generations, all the background leading to success or failure would change. In terms of the succession to a family business, success is decided by many factors. The authors of this text have pointed out four factors. Do you agree with the authors?）1.America is in the midst of one of the greatest wealth transfers in the history of mankind. Over the next 20years, an estimated $15trillion in assets will be transferred from one generation to the next.2.Much of this wealth transfer will be in the form of family-owned businesses. But the viability of many of these transfers is questionable. The fact is, most will fail. Typically, only one out of three businesses is successfully transferred to the second generation. Survival of a family business into the third generation isa rare occurrence.3.Thousands of family businesses, some of the household names, will disappear over the next decade. The sad part is that many of them could survive with proper planning. For many, however, it may already be too late.The proper time to start planning the succession of a family business is not one, not three, not even five years ahead. Indeed, a comprehensive succession plan, which includes sophisticated estate planning strategies, generally requires at least a 10-year horizon to be properly structured.4.Whether large or small, high-tech or low, public or private, every family-owned business is different. But regardless of how diverse they are, four key elements must be in place before a business can be successfully passed from one generation to another.5.Plan Your Succession ManagementOwners / founders are extremely driven and dynamic. Often they excel at more than one skill. In many cases, production experts are also marketing geniuses or skilled financiers. Replacing them may require more than one person. Therefore, family business owners should determine exactly how the business functions by creating organizational charts. Each key member of the succession process should create his or her own chart. These charts should then be compared. The differences will point to gaps in the management structure and highlight areas of misunderstanding and differences in perception.6.Take Judy, for instance. Judy owns a software company and has three children ---a computer whiz, a racecar drive and one with a business degree but no interest in the company. In addition, Judy has a strong management team in plac e. In her case, she should consider giving ownership to children, but continuing to have the management team run the business.7.Finding people from within the family, or from outside, to fill those spots may not be easy, nor happen overnight. Therefore, it is vital to develop an action plan and timetable early in the process in order to allow for an orderly transition of responsibilities.8.Few businesses, even family businesses, grow without the help of loyal employees. More often than not, they hold key positions in management. Therefore, you must keep your employees informed about long-range succession plans. Key managers must have a clear picture of where they stand and what their responsibilities will be in a succession-management structure. Develop a compensation and benefit structure that is sufficient to attract and retain key managers as well as to motivate them to perform in the best interests of the business and the family.9.There is also the matter of timing. The children you hope will take over may be too young or inexperienced when you retired. In such cases, transitional management teams may be formed to provide interim management until the children are properly trained and seasoned to be in a position to manage the business successfully.10.Define Family Employment PracticesEstablish a clear employment policy for family members and stick to it. Most parents believe their children should be treated equally. Company executives, however, must be selected on ability. Selection should be made on the needs of the business rather than on the needs of the children.11.For example, Jim owns an electric company. He treats his three children equally---all three work for the company and receive the same salary. All three, however, do not work equal hours, nor are they all dedicated to the business. Instead of benefiting from the equality, there is discord and resentment in the company because only one child really works.12.Parents can pass on their legacy to their children without necessarily giving them control of a company.When the children are not suited to take over the business-about 30 percent of the time-other methods can be found for them to share in the family wealth.13.However, if you do determine that a child will carry on the business, you should be sure your choice is capable. Ensure that he or she will receive the right education and business experience.14.Outside job experience is extremely useful for children who will one day assume control. Working outside the family business can give them valuable experience, expose them to differing management styles and give them the confidence to know that their successes are their own. Often they will receive better mentoring and more opportunities to take responsibility than they would in the family business. Proving themselves outside the family business also gives children greater credibility with employees when they do eventually take control of the family business.15.For those families that insist their children begin their careers at the family business, children should start at the level that their education and experience justify-even if it means sweeping floors, operating a machine on the factory floor, etc. The experience will be invaluable. In addition, working their way up from the bottom will increase their respect among employees and management. In our experience, children who develop in this manner are twice as likely to succeed than children who assume unearned executive positions.16.Establish and Maintain Family HarmonyRivalries and jealousies can be extremely time-consuming, not to mention destructive. Once children have grown, married and have children of their own, they are considered a separate family with different -and sometimes conflicting-ideas. If the business is large enough, consider seating an outside board of directors toensure that the interest of the family and business are properly balanced.17.Develop a family business vision document to make certain family members-as well as employees, suppliersand customers-understand the future of the company. Used family council meetings to communicate to all family members about the company and issues facing it now and in the future.panies and families that communicate often, honestly and on a timely basis increase their probability ofsurviving and prospering.19.Plan Your EstatePoor estate planning has led to the demise of more family businesses than any other cause. In many of these cases, the liquidity needs caused by estate taxes due on the value of the family business are far greater than the business can absorb.20.In most cases, life insurance may be an effective way to cover estate taxes. However, the cost of lifeinsurance for a business reinvesting most of its capital in growing the business usually makes the insurance an impractical solution for the entire estate-tax dilemma. In most cases, there is a need to utilize other planning techniques to minimize estate-tax costs.21.That was the case for a grocery store owner who spent all of his capital on expanding the business and not buying insurance. Unfortunately, he died after completion of the renovations. There was nothing left to pay estate taxes, so the family had to sell the business.22.With the help of your advisors, find ways to reduce or manage the transfer taxes. Again, it is important to start the process as early as possible.23.These are the four "must" elements. However, underlying all of them is a willingness to make difficult decisions and do what is best for the business and the family.24.Dealing with succession issues may cause you discomfort or even great pain. However, if not addressed early in the succession process, these very same issues will come up later when it may be impossible to deal with them. Remember, your ultimate goal is the survival of the company so that your children, employees and community continue to derive the benefits your company provides.25.The best way to assure the existence of the family business into future generations is to deal with issues in a comprehensive manner well before the final succession is to take place. For the overwhelming majority of family businesses, that means now.Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese:1.Owners / founders are extremely driven and dynamic. || Often they excel at more than one skill.In many cases, production experts are also marketing geniuses or skilled financiers. || Replacing them may require more than one person. || Therefore, family business owners should determine exactly how the business functions by creating organizational charts. || Each key member of the succession process should create his or her own chart. These charts should then be compared. || The differences will point to gaps in the management structure and highlight areas ofmisunderstanding and differences in perception.2. Few businesses, even family businesses, grow without the help of loyal employees .|| More often than not,they hold key positions in management. || Therefore, you must keep your employees informed about long-range succession plans. || Key management must have a clear picture of where they stand and what their responsibilities will be in a succession-management structure. || Develop a compensation and benefit structure that is sufficient to attract and retain key managers as well as to motivate them to perform in the best interests of the business and the family.Translate the following Chinese into English1.他不但是位出色的银行家和公认的贸易专家，而且还是位经验丰富的企业主管。
研究生多维教程熟谙_课文翻译与课后练习答案全本
课文全文翻译Unit1 从能力到责任当代的大学生对他们在社会中所扮演的角色的认识模糊不清。
他们致力于寻求在他们看来似乎是最现实的东西：追求安全保障，追逐物质财富的积累。
年轻人努力想使自己成人成才、有所作为，但他们对未来的认识还是很模糊的。
处于像他们这样前程未定的年龄阶段，他们该信仰什么?大学生一直在寻找真我的所在，寻找生活的意义。
一如芸芸众生的我们，他们也陷入了两难的境地。
一方面，他们崇尚奉献于人的理想主义，而另一方面，他们又经不住自身利益的诱惑，陷入利己主义的世界里欲罢不能。
最终而言，大学教育素质的衡量取决于毕业生是否愿意为他们所处的社会和赖以生存的城市作出贡献。
尼布尔曾经写道：“一个人只有意识到对社会所负有的责任，他才能够认识到自身的潜力。
一个人如果一味地以自我为中心，他将会失去自我。
”本科教育必须对这种带有理想主义色彩的观念进行自我深省，使学生超越以自我为中心的观念，以诚相待，服务社会。
在这一个竞争激烈＼残酷的社会，人们期望大学生能报以正直、文明，，甚至富有同情心的人格品质去与人竞争，这是否已是一种奢望?人们期望大学的人文教育会有助于培养学生的人际交往能力，如今是否仍然适合?毫无疑问，大学生应该履行公民的义务。
美国的教育必须立刻采取行动，使教育理所当然地承担起弥合公共政策与公众的理解程度之间的极具危险性且在日益加深的沟壑这一职责。
那些要求人们积极思考政府的议程并提供富于创意的意见的信息似乎越来越让我们感到事不关己。
所以很多人认为想通过公众的参与来解决复杂的公共问题已不再可能行得通。
设想，怎么可能让一些非专业人士去讨论必然带来相应后果的政府决策的问题，而他们甚至连语言的使用都存在困难?核能的使用应该扩大还是削弱?水资源能保证充足的供应吗?怎样控制军备竞赛?大气污染的安全标准是多少?甚至连人类的起源与灭绝这样近乎玄乎的问题也会被列入政治议事日程。
类似的一头雾水的感觉，公众曾经尝试过。
当他们试图弄懂有关“星球大战”的辩论的问题时，那些关于“威慑”与“反威慑”等高科技的专业术语，曾让公众一筹莫展。
(完整版)多维英语熟谙课后答案改错
1 Judging from the interest the public took in the matter,there must be quite a few people who secretly believe or hope that this “simple”explanation is the true one.2 According to Time magazine,a conference was held recently in which the participants tried to come up with an appropriate name for the age we live in.3 Creating and maintaining a healthy scientific culture is the aim of science management,and it involves tending to both the intellectual and the institutional conditions of basic resesrch.4 Now there is a lot of quarreling between people who uphold the truth of old weather rthymes and people who are reluctant to believe in them.5 Primarily,the banker-customer relationship is one of/is that of debtor and creditor-who is which depending on whet her the customer”s account is in credit or is overdrawn.6 Teenagers”acceptance of the idea that they must get a college degree stems partyly from the advice they get in high school.7 The Higher Eduacation Institute has found that students with a C average in high school were six times as likely to drop out of college as those with an A average.8 Piling up debts from students loans hurts those who never finish college or who finish but were unemployed.9 However, their ultimates success will require improvements in their academic preparation, as well as changes in the attitudes of parents, high schools and colleges.10 There must surely be many simpler and more effective ways of assessing a person’s true abilities.1. Book publishers find it even harder than Hollywood film producers to come up with new scripts and new stars that catch the public imagination.2. One reason why science is so respected these days is that the image of the scientist is of one who dispassionately collects data in an impartial search for truth.3. Burdened with a population that is aging quickly, eating badly, smoking too much, not taking enough exercise and suffering the consequence, Japan’s national health service is on the brink of bankruptcy.4. During the first year of his coalition government, Mr Jospin who made honesty a central theme of his campaign has appeared repeatedly to have gone back on his word.5. The theatre is mainly concentrated in London, where there are at least forty theatres functioning, and a successful play can continue to run for many months or even years.6. Daniel Yankelovich, a prominent opinion researcher, considers the most distinctive change in American values of the last twenty years to have been an increasing emphasis on the pursuit of self-fulfillment.7. No one would object to seeing these problems solved if the solutions were simple and inexpensive of effort and if we were fully in accord with social goals.8. Faced with rapid change and fear and uncertainty to go with it, individuals as well as nations sometimes seek to return to the ways of the past as a solution.9.The Great Society Democratic coalition was built from the top among the best educated and those most committed to expanding individual rights, and from the bottom among those with the lowest incomes and disadvantaged minority voters who faced widespread discrimination.10. The crowd, anxiously awaiting the arrival of the soccer team, pressed against the fence separating them from the playing field.1：It is absurd to spend more money on highways .the wise solution for overcrowded roads is public transportation.2：Americans have not thought their cities worthy of receiving financial support from the federal government.3:MR.fleming was surprised to see me sitting behind his desk. He gave me a startled look,then smiled and said “I didn’t know you were in town”. 4:His behaviour became more and more unusualuntil,just as his family was on the verge of sending him to a mental hospital,he recovered.5:Cancer of the mouth and throat is more likely to occur in heavy smokers and drinkers than in nonsmokers and nondrinkers.6:When peoper understand the importance of work,they lend their mental strengths But when they get excited about the work,all their energy gets poured into the job.7:Public opinion is still largely unaware of or indifferent to the need to preserve rare species,whether for cultural or for scientific reasons.8:The exponential growth of population and its attendant assault on the environment is so recent that it is difficult for people to conceive how much damage is being done.9:Because migration on a scale large enough to alleviate the pressure is out of the question,there are no other possibilities.10:The fundamental problem is that no one,not doctors,or social workers or even addicts themselves,really understands what it is that drivers a person to addiction.1. Most conservationists believe that humans thrive best in ecological health and that the sign of this health is the survival of a diversity of wild animals.2. Mr. Smith produced abundant evidence to indicate that we, to some extent, diminish ourselves if we diminish nature.3. Many cities in Western countries have switched to a new gasoline formula that reduces the pollution content. This is also true of some cities in China.4. As depicted in a poem written by the English poet Edmund Spenser, nature is not only a mother buta judge, having jurisdiction over and doing justice to all creatures.5. A government study concludes that besides overcrowding and poor public transport, the biggest problems the city is up against are noise and pollution.6. Unlike all other creatures, humans have the ability to act on their judgment.7. Don't you agree with the statement that health without wealth is preferable to wealth without health.8. Even those defenders of industrial economy have to acknowledge openly that any conflict between humans and nature often occurs at the expense of both.9. If your friend kindly points out a fault you have, take what is said not merely pleasantly, but thankfully.10. One of the differences between humans and wild animals is that (or lies in that) the former can make a wise choice as to the kind and scale of the change they make to nature.1. The greater the reputation of the business school ,the greater the risk that its graduates will rely on management theory instead of personal creativity2. Among men, the typical worker between the ages 45 and 54 has been with his present employer 12 years and about a third have been there 20 years or more.3. From the viewpoint of the insured person, an insurable risk is one for which the probability of loss is not so high as to require excessive premiums.4. The software is ideal for situation where companies need to keep an accurate track of which members of the staff have taken courses and how they perform on themselves.5. The absolute increase in population, coupled with such trend as urbanization and greater mobility, clearly presents serious threats, especially for the less developed countries.6. The greater American supermarket is a wonderful place with a much greater variety of healthy food than has ever been available before.7. Witnesses from the neighborhood find it difficult to explain why they didn’t call the police.8. Acquiring education is the principal way of gaining status in a culture that generally stresses skillfulness and upward mobility.9. With the doctor’s encouragement, the patient took heart and pulled himself together to follow thedoctor’s advice.10. The purpose of much of the current zoological research is to find ways to preserve endangered animals whose species are on the edge of extinction.By the 1950s,children in America came to be highly valued.However,the last 20 years has evidenced very sharp changes in values toward children.As women entered the work force they moved away from strong motherhood responsibilities that had prevailed in the past.Closely associated with the increase of women in the work force have been sharply reduced fertility rates.When this element is added to a longer life span,many women now spend a smaller percentage of their lives raising children.In1979,as few as 19 percent of U.S.households were ones where the husband worked,the wife was at home,and there were one or more children at home.In general, it can be argued that the child-centered approach to childrearing is rapidly disappearing.This means that an increasing number of young couples are planning their families with an eye to their careers.The willingnes of most mothers to put their children into day-care centers and full-time preschools reflects a middle-class attitude toward children and childrearing.Parents today,particularly women,see themselves as having personal rights—rights to self realization through meaningful,productive work.In a family where both parents work,the children soon learn that they are not the center of the universe no matter how much they may want to be. There are many parents who believe that their emotional needs are as important as their’s.This is reflected in the increased proportion of divorces that involve children.1. It is required by law that a husband has to pay the debts of his wife until formal notice is given that he no longer has to pay them.2. Much as I have traveled, I have never seen anyone to equal her in thoroughness, whatever the job.3. Einstein’s advocacy of civil disobedience and public encouragement of people to refuse conscription did little to endearing himself to his colleagues.4. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, high-technology firms are those companies whose research and development expenditures and number of technical employees are twice as great as the average for all manufacturing firms.5. The text and dialogues below focus on cultural differences between Chinese and Western societies which can create misunderstanding if ignored.6. Although we arrived at roughly the same conclusion, Mr. Sanders saw the thing quite differently from the way I saw it.7. The problem of making a robot respond to the presence of objects in different places such as steps of the staircase has already been solved.8. Without a degree and with no experience of doing office work, the young man was no more fit to be a secretary than any of us.9. One sign that she is making progress in art courses such as painting or photography is that she begins to realize how much there is to learn.10. Since I once learned English in Canada and later on visited Canada a number of times, my colleagues and the university students have been asking me again and again about the characteristics of Canada English.。
研究生英语多维教程(谙熟)翻译及改错答案
1. 当今的大学生，尽管他们努力地想使自己成才，但对未来还是很模糊的。
(establish oneself)Today's university students are struggling to establish themselves, but they still have ambiguous feelings about their future.2. 一个人如果不能找到自我以外的中心，就不能实现他的自我价值。
所以，理想的本科教育必须使学生超越自我。
(transcend)A man cannot find himself without finding a center beyond hi. So the idealism of the undergraduate experience must help the student transcend himself.3. 我们强烈地希望在大学所学到的知识在今后的工作与学习中能起到重要的作用。
(reveal oneself)We eagerly hope that the lessons leaned in the university will reveal themselves in our performance in the workplace and further education.4. 四年的本科学习是走向成功生活的唯一道路，这种说法是无法接受的.(go unchallenged)It cannot go unchallenged to say that the 4-year undergraduate experience is the only path to success in life.5. 在对一个关键的问题作结论时，如果只相信所谓的专家而不相信自己，不根据调查的结果，不根据实验的数据，那是在冒险。
(run the risk of；blind faith in)We run the risk of making critical decisions, not on the basis of what we know, the findings of investigations, and the data of experiments, but on the basis of blind faith in professed experts.6. 我们的事业需要一批受过良好教育又能关心他人的年轻人，他们能团结一致，相互学习，积极参加四化建设。
多维教程(熟谙)课后答案
多维教程（熟谙）课后答案Unit 1A.1.assess2.alliance3.outcome4.ethical5.identity6.ambiguous7.tolerable8.participates9.pursuit10.constructiveB.1.at stake2.were obliged3.the climate of4.feel well-equipped5.beyond my grasp6.cut back7.other than8.rise above9.care about10.is boundedC.1.incompetent2.indulgence3.migrants4.probesplex6.suspense; engagedpassionate; committed8.tolerant9.tempted10.interconnectedD.1. A. Judging from2. B. in which3. C. and4. D. believe5. A. is one of/ is that of6. B. must get7. C. likely8. D. unemployed9. C. as well as/ and10.B. simpler E.1.what2.graduation3.intend4.getting5.eventually6.survey7.although8.graduates9.transfer10.rise11.attending12.instead13.cause14.because15.attending16.below17.failure18.expectations19.confidencecationKey to the translation from English to Chinese:1.德.汤说过，一切进步，一切发展均来自挑战及由此引起的反应。
研究生英语系列教程多维教程探索课后练习答案(完整版)
Unit OneKeyComprehensionA1. D2. It contrasts the attitudes of the French and the English-speaking people toward keeping their mother tongue "pure."3. The author does not appreciate the French attitude. He believes that they have gone to the extreme, because he says that 'the mind boggles at what the world might face. "That means the French are so sensitive that it is difficult to imagine what they will do to keep French pure in the future.4. B5. It refers to the differences between British and American English with regard to pronunciation and spelling of English. The author seems to agree with the Americans' viewpoint.6. C7. The King's English refers to English in its most proper and formal use. However, as it is used in foreign places, it is often used improperly. Here "lingo" mocks the formality of English that no longer exists in these foreign Usages8. Foreign varieties of English are very different from the original standard British English, sometimes they are barely recognizable.9. B10. The author thinks that communication is more important than the purification of the English language.B1. fast delivery (of the product)/rapid killing (of the customer)2. Please hang your own coat and hat here/die by hanging yourself3. "revolutionary" ideas are being sold/disgusting new ideas are being sold4. best bakers/idle, lazy persons5. the latest rnethod/a Christian denomination6. a doctor for women's diseases/regard women as a disease or womanizer (vulgar meaning)7. press the button of the lift to move it/inefficiency of the lift8. how to get service/open the door and call out the words “Room service”. (rude)9. in an European atmosphere/a car that rushes a person to the hospital10. serve the best wine/our wine is very bad; hopeless11. from 12~ 14 o'clock chamber maids are not busy/treat chambermaids unfairly (with possible sexual meaning)12. the pictures were painted in the last ten years/the painters were put to death13. leave your laundry/be naked or take off your clothes14. dancing is going on/very vulgar language (a reference to male sex organs)15. moral requirement for who can share the same room/implies that men and women must marry in order to live togetherVocabulary and StructureA1--b 2--d 3--f4—j 5—I 6--hB1. sensitive2. list3. prevalent4. deficiency5. withheld6. certainty7. functional 8. confronte 9. courtesy10. spared 11. stroke 12. ambitious13. purified 14. highlights 15. noveltyC1. A. sensitive B. sense C. sensitivity2. A. compulsory B. compulsion C. compulsory3. A. Lease B. lease C. leasing4. A. deviate B. deviantly C. deviation5. A. prevalence B. prevalent C. prevalent6. A. deficient B. deficiency C.deficient7. A. extracts B. extracting C. extracted8. A, confronted B. confrontation C. confronted9. A, spare B. spare C. spare10. A. stroke B. stroking C. strokeD1. C. make alternative2. B. of taking advantage3. C. of a head injury4. D. remains5. A. accepted6. A. as much energy as7. C. would end up 8. C. has been9. B. or 10. D. with whichE1. language2. associates3. in-laws4. total5. responds6. swell7. Hardly8. lives9. dreams 10. aloud 11. ourselves 12. so13. distinguishes 14. humanity 15. makes 16. expressed17. source 18. newborn 19. act 20. traditionSpeaking(Open)103fTranslation and Writing在过去，当探险者或商人们走出家园到外面的世界去寻找新的领地、市场或原材料资源时，他们通常与跟他们打交道的当地人说的不是同一种语言。
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多米尼加共和国海滩别墅设计
Rangr Studio建筑公司接受委托任务，为一个层次较高的纽约客户在加勒比海边开发一个终极度假寓所。
Casa Kimball别墅正是此次设计的成果，它是一座不规则伸展的白色现代石材别墅，位于多米尼加共和国北部海岸边。
Casa Kimball别墅使用了当地的材料，由当地的建筑工人建造，他们根据建筑说明使用钢筋混凝土建造了这座别墅，钢筋混凝土外包裹着明亮的珊瑚礁石，闪耀着美丽的光泽。
别墅其余的部分看不到室内外之间的界线，温和的海风可以吹入别墅中，为室内提供自然舒适的温度。
如果居住者觉得不够凉爽，别墅中央露台中还有一个150英尺长的大泳池……介意我们也在里面游泳吗？。