高二(下)英语新世纪版 U5 The Survival of the Fittest 词汇整理
新世纪英语高二U5课件
He gave you a present! What came over him?
5. show off 吹嘘，夸耀 to talk too proudly about oneself, one's possessions，etc；to boast
她总是跟她朋友夸耀她的美国男友。 She was always showing off with her friends about her boyfriend in America.
1.…can / could hardly wait for 等不及，迫不及
待 孩子们迫不及待地盼望着新年的来临、糖果、漂亮的 衣物和精美的礼品。
The children could hardly wait for the new year’s day，sweets，beautiful clothes and wonderful presents．
那么多年后与她重逢，着实使我激动。
为什么人们还去打猎，是不是由于追捕中可得到兴奋呢?
It gave me a real thrill to see her again after so many years．
雷声使她全身紧张，感到害怕。
A thrill of fear ran through her at the sound of thunder．
3.What’s the place in Picture 2 like? How do you describe Bambi’s looks? The forest, quiet and peaceful, is the playground of Bambi and other animals. Bambi looks frightened. 4. What’s the relationship between the little girl and the poodle in Picture 3? The poodle is the girl’s pet. They are just like friends. They live under the same roof and help each other.
高二(下)英语新世纪版 U5 The Survival of the Fittest 词汇整理
Additional readingThe Survival of the FittestParagraph A:Q: What did the Bible say about the origin of life?1.the survival of the fittest 适者生存survival (n.) 幸存survive (vt./vi)survive a disaster/ the air crash/ the earthquake 在……中幸免于难Only two passengers survived the air-crash. 这次飞机失事只有两名乘客幸免于难。
survivor (n.) 幸存者2.wonder (v.) 想知道I wonder whether they will arrive on time.wonder (n.) 奇迹It is a wonder that he remained alive after dropping from the roof of a ten-storied building.创造奇迹work/do wonders3.on earth (用于疑问词后加强语气)究竟，到底；世界上，人世间（常用于最高级和疑问句后加强语气）Who on earth told you that?What on earth do you mean?Where on earth have you been all these years?How on earth did you manage to finish the work in such a short time?She felt she was the happiest woman on earth.4.state (vt.) 陈述，说明The witness stated that she had never seen Mr. Smith.statement (n.)陈述，说明Clearness of statement is more important than beauty of language.state (n.) 状况，状态The vice president is in a state of poor health.5.create (vt. )Some people believe that God created the world.creature (n.)Man is the only creature that is gifted with speech.人类是唯一被赋予语言能力的动物。
人教版高二英语必修五UnitLifeinthefutureReading课件+音频优秀ppt课件
人 教 版 高 二 英语必 修五Un itL3ifLeiifnethienf utthuerefRuetaudriengR课e a件di+n音g频（优课秀件 +pp音t频 课 ）件 ( 共 48张pp t)
人 教 版 高 二 英语必 修五Un itL3ifLeiifnethienf utthuerefRuetaudriengR课e a件di+n音g频（优课秀件 +pp音t频 课 ）件 ( 共 48张pp t)
In the past Now In the future
paper
no currency
Finance
banknotes, coins, credits,
at all, credit cards, cell
and banks,
phone banks,
currency internet
In the past
Now
In the future
Work
farming or handicntelligent
farm, factories or robots help
offices with the help of modern machines
people do most of work
If you have the ability to travel across time and space, where would you like to go? Past or future? Why?
人 教 版 高 二 英语必 修五Un itL3ifLeiifnethienf utthuerefRuetaudriengR课e a件di+n音g频（优课秀件 +pp音t频 课 ）件 ( 共 48张pp t)
上海新世纪英语高二下册Unit 5 备课参考
Unit 5单元目标1.了解强调句式，学会用强调句式。
2.了解不定式的完成体和被动式，能区别完成体和被动式的用法，并能熟练运用不定式进行描述。
3.能对科学家的生平事迹进行简单的描述：（出生，国籍，科学领域，成就或称号……）要点精讲1．关键词：语言知识类be fascinated by , come to power, speak out against, Theory of Relativity, become involved in, apart from, take oneself seriou sly, pass away, leave behind, a wealth of交际功能类国家和国籍：Jewish,Germany, Swissland, Italy, the United States科学术语：photoelectric effect, Nobel Prize, atomic，bomb，gravity，relativity，nuclear，weapon 2．功能：1）Talk about learning(讨论学习)Grammar must be learned through language, and not language through grammar.He who nothing questions, nothing learns.I forgot what I was taught, I only remember what I have learned.If you don’t learn to think when you are young, you may never learn.It is not shame for a man to learn that which he knows not, whatever his age.Live to learn, not learn to live.Never too old to learn.Study, study and study.The more you study, the more you will find yourself ignorant.There is no royal road to learning.2）Describe things using emphasis：（用“强调句式”描述事物）It was when Einstein was fifteen that his family moved to Italy.It did give him plenty of time to think about physics.不定式的完成体和被动式的重点词组有：happen to do, be glad to do, seem to do重点句型有：Mr. Black happened to hav e read some articles about Einstein’s theory.He was glad to be invited to attend a lecture on Einstein’s theory.Einstein’s theory seems not to be understood by many people even today.强调句式有：It was…that… do的各种形式。
2023年高级英语thefutureoftheenglish中英笔记
第二册 lesson 11 The Future of TheEnglish英国人旳未来J .B.Priestley JB普里斯特利1 【To write about the English in standard and cosmopolitan political terms, the usual Left-Centre-Right stuff, is almost always wasting time and trouble.The English are different.The English are even more different than they think they are, though not more different than they feel they are.And what they feel — Englishness again - is more important than what they think.It is instinctive feeling and not rational thought that shapes and colours actual events in England. 背诵】若想用世界上流行旳原则政治术语, 即左、中、右三派这种毫无意义旳陈腔老调来描述英国人旳话, 那多半是白费时间, 徒耗精力。
英国人可是与众不一样。
他们甚至比自己想象中旳英国人还要不一样, 倒是同他们自己感觉中旳英国人差不多。
而他们所感觉到旳…这一点再次反应出英国人旳特性——比他们想象到旳更为重要。
在英国, 决定一切事物形式和色彩旳不是人旳理性思维, 而是人旳本能感觉。
cosmopolitan (adj.) : common to or representative of all or many parts of the world；not national or local世界性旳；不限于国家或地区范围旳----------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 For example, although the English seem to be so sharply divided, always indulging in plenty of loud political abuse, there are nothing like so many Communists or neo- or potential Fascists in England as there are in most other countries.Again, although the English seem to have more than their share of rallies, protest marches, confrontations with authority, what could begin to look like a murderous encounter in France or America, or might be a bloody street battle in Japan, would in England end at the worst in a few scuffles and arrests.This is because there are fewer fanatical believers among the English, and at the same time, below the noisy arguments, the abuse and the quarrels, there is a reservoir of instinctive fellow-feeling, not yet exhausted though it may not be filling up.Not everybody can draw on that reservoir.No doubt there are in England some snarling shop stewards who demand freedom for the workers when what they really want is to bring the whole system crashing down, together with every guarantee of liberty.No doubt there are wealthy employers who smile at the TV cameras and declare that all they desire is the friendliest relation with their work force, when at heart they would like to take a whip to the whole idle troublesome mob of them.Butthere are not many of these men, either on the board or the shop floor, and they are certainly not typical English.Some cancer in their character has eaten away their Englishness.举例来说, 尽管英国人表面上似乎存在着严重旳意见分歧, 彼此之间进行政治上旳袭击谩骂也是常有旳事, 但英国却不像许多其他国家同样有那么多旳共产主义者以及新旳或潜在旳法西斯主义分子。
高二英语必修五第5单元课文翻译
高二英语必修五Unit 5课文翻译Unit 5 First aidReadingFIRST AID FOR BURNS烧伤的急救The skin is an essential part of your body and its largest organ. You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease, poisons and the sun's harmful rays. The functions of your skin are also very complex: it keeps you warm or cool; it prevents your body from losing too much water; it is where you feel cold, heat or pain and it gives you your sense of touch. So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned it can be very serious. First aid is a very important first step in the treatment of bums.皮肤是身体必不可少的部分，也是身体的最大器官。
皮肤有三层，它们是防病、防毒、抵御太阳有害光线侵害的一道屏障。
皮肤的功能十分复杂。
皮肤可以保暖或御寒，保持体内水分。
正是皮肤使你感到冷热、疼痛，它还使你有触觉。
因此，你可以想象到，如果你的皮肤烧伤了，就可能非常严重。
在治疗烧伤的过程中，紧急处理是非常重要的第一步。
Causes of burnsYou can get burned by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation (by being close to high heat or fire, etc), the sun, electricity or chemicals.烧伤的原因：你可能由于各种原因而烧伤：灼热的液体、水蒸气、火、辐射(由于靠近高温或大火)、阳光、电和化学物品。
新世纪大学英语2 Unit five_The_Value_of_Life
Live as if you were to die tomorrow. Learn as if you were to live forever. If we were aware that our lifespan is rather limited, we would try to spend it on more meaningful things and refuse to waste our time. When it comes to learning, we should never stop the quest for knowledge, as if we were immortal.
man may live long , yet get • Click to add Text little from life,
• Click to add Text
whether you find satisfaction in life depends
not on your tale of years, but on your will.
Charles Darwin
Background Information
Text A&B •The value of a man’s life increases with the fact that he knows how to make full use of his time with love and passion. •Be grateful to anybody who once lend a helping hand to us and try to repay the debt with what we haife
高二英语外研选择性必修二 Unit Survival -课件
The passage explains the impact of human urbanization process on wildlife by introducing the phenomenon of wild animals entering the cities, the reasons behind, their living conditions and the problems encountered in the cities and so on.
Please check your answers.
Reasons for migration:
1. Urban development and climate change
push the animals out of their natural habitats .
Read for main idea.
Task four: Check the answers and give your reasons.
Para. 5: C. For those animals that don t adapt, the city can be a dangerous or even deadly place. Unable to distinguish between blue sky and glass, some birds crash into windows ... Some birds have yet to change their migratory routes ...
Read for main idea.
Task four: Check the answers and give your reasons.
高二必修五Unit3Life_in_the_future知识点讲解
Unit 3Life in the future 一．单词考点1.impressvt 给某人留下印象——impressionn[C/U]印象；感想；印记——impressiveadj给人印象深刻的；感人的短语：impress sb. with sth.(=impress sth.upon/on sb.)使某人牢记某事impress …on…把……印在……上be impressed by/with sth.对……印象深刻have/get a good /bad impression of sb./sth.对…印象好/不好make/give/leave a/an…impression on sb.给某人留下…的印象eg:①The teacher impressed the importance of English on /upon me.②It’s important to make a good impression at your interview.2.take短语take up拿起；接受；开始从事；继续做/讲；占据(时间、空间等)take down拿下；写下；记下take in消化；吸收；收留；领会；理解；欺骗；包含，包括take on呈现；聘用；承担take over接管，接替；控制take off起飞；脱下，摘掉；成功，突然大受欢迎take back收回；撤销take apart拆开，拆卸take for（误）认为take out取出take to介(doing)开始沉迷于；对…产生好感；养成…的习惯3.previousadj在前的；早先的一般作前置定语，指时间或顺序在前。
常与介词to连用。
短语：be previous to介在…之前；先于4.be uncertain about对……拿不准/不确定eg:They ‘re uncertain about what to do.5.区别surroundings, environment, circumstance环境⑴surroundings专指自然环境，强调周围的事物这一环境。
上海新世纪版高二年级第二学期Unit 5 Great Scientists
The Father of Modern PhysicsClass6 Senior2Teaching aims: 1. To help the students to have a clear idea of the story;2. To develop the students’ ability to read and their ability to expressthemselves both in spoken and written English;3. To arouse the students’ambition to “go from ordinary toextraordinary”.Teaching aids: multi-mediaTeaching procedures:I.Pre-readingPre-class: Ask the students to do reading about Albert Einstein.What do you know about Albert Einstein?II. While-readingA. Early life and studyRead the relevant part of the text and retell it.B. Academic achievements and theoriesScan the relevant part.1. Photoelectric effect2. Theories of relativity“When you sit with a nice girl for two hours, it seems like two minutes. When you sit on a hot stove for two minutes, it seems like two hours--- that's relativity.”3. Nuclear weaponsAs a scientist, Albert Einstein is great, distinguished and extraordinary.C. Interests and characterSailing, playing the violin and enjoying the company of childrenAs a human, Albert Einstein is simple, modest and ordinary.II.Post-reading1.What comes to mind when you talk about Albert Einstein?2.How can a person go from ordinary to extraordinary?Einstein’s future plan VS your own future planA. What can you learn from Einstein’s success?B. Do you think Einstein’s hobby helped him a lot? Why?C. What’s your weakness and how can you overcome it?Assignments: I. Read the text aloud;II.Think over: What should you do to realize your own dream?Supplementary reading:Albert EinsteinEinstein was born in Ulm, Germany on March 14, 1879. Before his first birthday,his family had moved to Munich where young Albert's father, Hermann Einstein,and uncle set up a small electro-chemical business. He was fortunate to have an excellent family with which he held a strong relationship. Albert's mother, Pauline Einstein, had an intense passion for music and literature, and it was she that first introduced her son to the violin in which he found much joy and relaxation. Also, he was very close with his younger sister, Maja, and they could often be found in the lakes that were scattered about the countryside near Munich.As a child, Einstein's sense of curiosity had already begun to stir. A favorite toy of his was his father's compass, and he often marvelled at his uncle's explanations of algebra. Although young Albert was intrigued by certain mysteries of science, he was considered a slow learner. His failure to become fluent in German until the age of nine even led some teachers to believe he was disabled. Of all the scientists to emerge from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries there is one whose name is known by almost all living people. While most of these do not understand this man's work, everyone knows that its impact on the world of science is astonishing. Yes, many have heard of Albert Einstein's General Theory of relativity, but few know about the intriguing life that led this scientist to discover what some have called, "The greatest single achievement of human thought."Einstein proved that energy (E) and mass (m) are equivalent. Mass can be converted to energy and vice versa by the speed of light (c) -- 186,000 miles per second -- squared. This means a small amount of matter can be transformed into a huge amount of energy. By 1915, Einstein used the formula to develop his general Theory of Relativity, which helped us better understand the universe."To raise new questions, new possibilities, to regard old problems from a new angle requires a creative imagination and marks the real advances in science," he believed.Like many scientists, Einstein also loved music. He liked to listen to classical music. He played the violin very well. He often entertained himself with his violin in his simple home.In speaking about his theory of relativity, Einstein said, "It occurred to me by intuition, and music was the driving force behind that intuition. My discovery was the result of musical perception." Einstein began to learn the violin at the age of six. When he had some difficulty in working on a math problem, Einstein often played the violin to seek inspiration.“His discoveries”, said Beth Harpaz of the Associated Press, "laid the groundwork for 20th century technologies ranging from television to space travel." Time magazine, naming him the Person of the 20th Century, called him "a genius, political refugee, humanitarian, locksmith of the mysteries of the atom and the universe."Unit 5“The Father of Modern Physics”说课教材内容及学生情况分析新世纪版英语第四册第五单元的主题是Great Scientists，课文标题为The Father of Modern Physics，第一课时的教学目标是让学生了解课文的大致内容。
新世纪英语高二下Unit5词组
Phrases for Unit 5, Book 21.指挥一场音乐会conduct a concert2.首次公开演出the first public performance3.世界著名歌剧world-famous operas4.例如such as5.被认为是…be regarded as …6.二十世纪上半叶the first part of the twentieth century7.就读于音乐学院enter a music school8.以极优异成绩with the highest honours9.从……(专业)毕业graduate in …10.加入一家管弦乐队join an orchestra11.巡回演出中go on a tour12.辞职quit one's job13.召某人来call sb. in14.提前很短时间通知at very short notice15.代替指挥的职务fill in as a conductor16.跃上指挥台leap onto the stage17.充满激情的演绎passionate interpretation18.受到观众的欢呼be greeted with loud cheers19.无需……的帮助without the help of20.几十个scores of21.回忆起每个音符recall every note22.有惊人的记忆力have a marvellous memory23.使某人成为一个伟大的指挥家make sb. a great conductor24.对……严谨的态度strict attitude towards …25.对…….的忠实show loyalty to sb/sth26.有做某事的打算计划have intention of doing/to do sth.27.在排练中during rehearsals28.跺脚stamp one's feet29.折断指挥棒snap one's baton30.把……撕得粉碎tear...to pieces31.利用make use of32.一切手段every means33.不知所措at a loss34.描述一个轻柔的效果describe a light effect35.把…….扔向空中throw sth. into the air36.符合某人的要求meet one's demands37.喜极而泣weep for joy38.饶恕某人免受惩罚spare sb. from punishment39.扇某人的耳光slap one's face40.对某人吼叫shout at sb.41.反对某事protest against doing sth.42.对…的禁令 a ban on sth.43.被任命为…be appointed (as/to be) …44.在随后的几年里during the following years45.是某方面的专家be an expert in/on/at …46.关于…as to sth47.某人的努力获得成功one’s efforts pay off48.给某人赢得…win sb sth49.对音乐有很好的鉴赏力have a good ear for music50.分不出音乐的好坏be no judge of music。
新世纪英语高二下册课文及重点词组
上海新世纪英语高二全部课文<包括AdditionalReading）及重点词组高二第二学期17. Words and their stories18. English proverbs19. Tips on making a public speech20. Keep it short for the audience’s sake21. Making friends22. What does friendship mean to westerners?23. Adjo24. Ryan, his friends, and his incredible torch runb5E2RGbCAP25. The father of modern physics26. The survival of the fittest27. Miracle in the rice field28. Newton’s three important laws29. Oliver wants more (Adapted from Oliver Twist Charles Dickens>p1EanqFDPw30. Enjoy the classics31. Is she guilty? (Adapted from The Prince and the Pauper Mark Twain>DXDiTa9E3d32. Mark Twain高二第二学期17. Words and their storiesEAGER BEAVER An eager beaver is a person who is always willing to do and is excited about doing what is expected of him.RTCrpUDGiTSuppose, for example, that a teacher tells his students they each must solve one hundred math problems before coming to school the next day. The children complain about so much homework. But one student does not protest at all. That student is an eager beaver. He loves to do math problems, and does not mind all the homework.5PCzVD7HxAThe expression is said to have come from the name of a hard-working animal---the beaver.jLBHrnAILgBeavers are strange-looking creatures. They spend a lot of time in the water, building dams to create little lakes or ponds. They use their huge teeth and work hard to cut down trees, remove branches and put them across streams. They use their tails to pack mud on the branches to make the dams solid. Few other animals work so hard.xHAQX74J0XHistorians say the beaver had an important part in the settlement of North America.LDAYtRyKfEThere were hundreds of millions of beavers when European settlers first arrived. The settlers put great value on the fur of beavers. In fact, for two hundred years or more, beavers provided the most valuable fur in North America. Beaver skins often used as money.Zzz6ZB2LtkYoung men looking for adventure headed west across the country to search for beavers. In their search, they explored much of the western territories. The trading posts, where they exchanged beaver skins for the goods they needed, became villages, and later towns and cities.dvzfvkwMI1IT’S IN THE BAG The bag---one of the simplest and most useful things in every man or woman’s life---has given the world many strange expressions that are not very simple. A number of these expressions are widely used in the United States today. Some were imported fromEngland a long time ago.rqyn14ZNXIWhen you are sure of something, you can say, “It’s in the bag.”EmxvxOtOcoThis phrase seemed to have arrived with the modern paper bag. Before, Americans used to say, “It’s all wrapped up.”Then, things you bought were wrapped in plain brown paper, or sometimes in old newspaper.SixE2yXPq5Another widely used expressions is “to let the cat out of the bag”, meaning to reveal a well-kept secret.6ewMyirQFLNo one can explain how the cat got into the bag, or why it remained there. But there is an old story about it. Long ago tradesman sold things in large cloth bags. Once a woman asked for a pig. The tradesman held up his cloth bag. Inside there was supposed to be a live pig. The woman asked to see it. When the dishonest tradesman opened the bag, out jumped a squealing cat, not a pig. The tradesman’s secret was out: he was tricky, and now everybody knew it.kavU42VRUs18. English proverbsCharactersTeacher of English: Ms Smith (MS>Students: Li (LI>, Mao (MA>, Anne (AN>, Rivera (RI>y6v3ALoS89MS: Good morning, everyone. I hope you all know what we are here for. The topic of our discussion this morning is “English Proverbs”.M2ub6vSTnPLI: So, I’m in the right group.MA: Me, too.RI: Me, too.MS: But I was told we would have four…and yet…AN: I’m coming. Good morning. Am I late?MS: Morning. “Speak of angels and you hear their songs.”0YujCfmUCwAN: Is that a proverb referring to my coming?MS: Exactly.LI: We have a saying in Chinese, which I think is very close in meaning…eUts8ZQVRdMA: Speak of Cao Cao and he appears.MS: Right. Well, “first things first”. A proverb is a traditional saying which offers advice or presents a moral in a short and brief manner. A proverb normally is a sentence, into which the writer often works rhyme. For instance, “East or west, home is best.” Sometimes it comes out in the form of a phrase.sQsAEJkW5TMA: I’ve seen dictionaries of proverbs.MS: Well, there are thousands of proverbs. They fall into three main categories. Those of the first type take the form of abstract statements. They express general truths. Here are two good examples: “One is never too old to learn.”and “A man who neglects his studies in youth will regret it in later years.”GMsIasNXkARI: I think there is some truth in both proverbs. To encourage a person who has had little education for some reason as a young man, we may use the former. With us, I guess the latter works.TIrRGchYzgMS: So you have to keep this in mind. Never use proverbs out of context. “One man’s meat is another man’s poison.”7EqZcWLZNXLI: I see. Then, what is the second type?MS: The second type uses specific observations from everyday experience to make a general point.lzq7IGf02EAN: “Don’t put all your eggs in one basket.” Does it fall into the second category?zvpgeqJ1hkMS: You’re right, dear. Then the third type consists of sayings from particular areas of traditional customs andbeliefs. “After dinner, rest a while。
上海新世纪英语高二年级下学期Unit5教材精讲
伴你成长高二新世纪（下）Module Three Exploring NatureUnit 5 Great Scientists知识要点1.2.重点词组对……着迷be fascinated by在……过程中in the course of郑重对待take．．．seriously去世pass away留下leave behind从事take up大量的 a wealth of上台come to power投入be involved in实施carry out导致了lead to指出point out3.重点句型It is／was+被强调成分+that从句It was the ‘‘thought experiment’’ that he carried out in his head that led to a newunderstanding of space，time, and gravity.正是他头脑中进行的这种“思维试验”最终带来了对宇宙，时间和引力的全新解释。
4.重点语法The Inversion (1) 倒装句（1）知识精讲1.qualify v.(1)qualify sb．for／as／to be使具备资格The training course will qualify you as／to be a teacher in a junior high school.参加这个培训课程之后你就可以做初级中学老师了。
Your ID card should qualify you to live independently of your parents.身份证应该使你有权利离开父母独立生活。
(2)be qualified for (经过训练，考试等)具备了资格的，合格的I think she is the one qualified for the post.我认为她是胜任这个职务的最佳人选。
新世纪英语高二下册全部课文
上海外语教育出版社——新世纪英语高二全部课文（包括Additional Reading）及重点词组高二第二学期17. Words and their storiesEAGER BEAVER An eager beaver is a person who is always willing to do and is excited about doing what is expected of him.Suppose, for example, that a teacher tells his students they each must solve one hundred math problems before coming to school the next day. The children complain about so much homework. But one student does not protest at all. That student is an eager beaver. He loves to do math problems, and does not mind all the homework.The expression is said to have come from the name of a hard-working animal---the beaver.Beavers are strange-looking creatures. They spend a lot of time in the water, building dams to create little lakes or ponds. They use their huge teeth and work hard to cut down trees, remove branches and put them across streams. They use their tails to pack mud on the branches to make the dams solid. Few other animals work so hard.Historians say the beaver had an important part in the settlement of North America.There were hundreds of millions of beavers when European settlers first arrived. The settlers put great value on the fur of beavers. In fact, for two hundred years or more, beavers provided the most valuable fur in North America. Beaver skins often used as money.Young men looking for adventure headed west across the country to search forbeavers. In their search, they explored much of the western territories. The trading posts, where they exchanged beaver skins for the goods they needed, became villages, and later towns and cities.IT’S IN THE BAG The bag---one of the simplest and most useful things in every man or woman’s life---has given the world many strange expressions that are not very simple. A number of these expressions are widely used in the United States today. Some were imported from England a long time ago.When you are sure of something, you can say, “It’s in the bag.”This phrase seemed to have arrived with the modern paper bag. Before, Americans used to say, “It’s all wrapped up.” Then, things you bought were wrapped in plain brown paper, or sometimes in old newspaper.Another widely used expressions is “to let the cat out of the bag”, meaning to reveal a well-kept secret.No one can explain how the cat got into the bag, or why it remained there. But there is an old story about it. Long ago tradesman sold things in large cloth bags. Once a woman asked for a pig. The tradesman held up his cloth bag. Inside there was supposed to be a live pig. The woman asked to see it. When the dishonest tradesman opened the bag, out jumped a squealing cat, not a pig. The tradesman’s secret was out: he was tricky, and now everybody knew it.18. English proverbsCharactersTeacher of English: Ms Smith (MS)Students: Li (LI), Mao (MA), Anne (AN), Rivera (RI)MS: Good morning, everyone. I hope you all know what we are here for. The topic of our discussion this morning is “English Proverbs”.LI: So, I’m in the right group.MA: Me, too.RI: Me, too.MS: But I was told we would have four…and yet…AN: I’m coming. Good morning. Am I late?MS: Morning. “Speak of angels and you hear their songs.”AN: Is that a proverb referring to my coming?MS: Exactly.LI: We have a saying in Chinese, which I think is very close in meaning…MA: Speak of Cao Cao and he appears.MS: Right. Well, “first things first”. A proverb is a traditional saying which offers advice or presents a moral in a short and brief manner. A proverb normally is a sentence, into which the writer often works rhyme. For instance, “East or west, home is best.” Sometimes it comes out in the form of a phrase.MA: I’ve seen dictionaries of proverbs.MS: Well, there are thousands of proverbs. They fall into three main categories. Those of the first type take the form of abstract statements. They express general truths. Here are two good examples: “One is never too old to learn.” and “A man who neglects his studies in youth will regret it in later years.”RI: I think there is some truth in both proverbs. To encourage a person who has had little education for some reason as a young man, we may use the former. With us, I guess the latter works.MS: So you have to keep this in mind. Never use proverbs out of context. “One man’s meat is another man’s poison.”LI: I see. Then, what is the second type?MS: The second type uses specific observations from everyday experience to make a general point.AN: “Don’t put all your eggs in one basket.” Does it fall into the second category? MS: You’re right, dear. Then the third type consists of sayings from particular areas o f traditional customs and beliefs. “After dinner, rest a while; after supper, walk a mile.” is an example of this type. Such proverbs are often related to agriculture, the seasons, and the weather.LI: Many people hold the opinion that proverbs are going out of fashion. Is that true? MS: The fact is, as some old ones are falling into disuse, new ones are being created. The computer world has recently given us lots of them.AN: I’ve got one: “Rubbish in, rubbish out.”MA: It also goes “Garbage in, garbage out.”MS: I think it is more common to say “Garbage in, garbage out.” Well, I hope, today “You’ll have something nice out as you have had something nice in.”AN: Thank you, Ms Smith. By the way, do we have an assignment as usual?MS: Yes. You are to collect some proverbs of the first type, that is, proverbs that expressgeneral truths.LI: I’d like to collect some on studies.MS: Good! I’m so glad to have been with you. (To the four students) “Strike while the iron is hot.” See you next week.19. Tips on making a public speechIt is interesting to note that speeches are always “given” or “delivered”. They are never “said”. When giving a speech, therefore, it is useful to think of yourself as playing a part, i.e. acting. This kind of acting calls for an integration of verbal and nonverbal communication. Nonverbal communication chiefly involves the speaker’s stance and gestures, the eye contact between the speaker and the audience, and a good control of the presentation speed of talking/speaking.STANCE This is important to the delivery of a good speech. Stand up straight and keep your head up. Dropping your head looks unprofessional and may prevent your audience from hearing you clearly. On the other hand, don’t stand like a guard on duty. You have to be able to move in a natural way in order to add expression to your words. Body language “says” a lot. Avoid holding your hands tightly together; this will interfere with free and natural movement. Don’t play with keys or coins in your pocket; this will distract your audience.GESTURES Gestures and facial expressions are both important aids to the spoken word when you are communicating. A dull, long speech delivered without expression, without gestures or eye contact will not be well received. The skill is in deciding how much gesturing to be employed and in making sure that your gestures are natural.In general, the larger the audience, the more expansive the gestures should be, because they will not be seen so clearly by the audience. In a small group, facial expressions will add a lot to understanding. Try telling somebody something funny with a very serious face. They will have difficulty believing what you are really saying is funny.Different gestures are supposed to be used in delivering a speech. Some people use their hands a lot when speaking. You must make sure that your gestures are not repeated too often, and they should be expressive and meaningful.EYE CONTACT To have maximum impact you need to make each member of your audience fell as if you were speaking to them personally. To do this, glance towards all sections of the audience and don’t be afraid to move your head. If you favour one direction, the other side may feel you are ignoring them and therefore lose interest in what you are saying.TIMING Accurat e timing is essential. You should ensure that you don’t fall short of or run over the time allowed for your speech. Either way, the audience will feel unhappy and lose concentration on your speech. The best way to overcome this is through preparation. Clear thinking about what you want to say and how long your speech will last, before you start to write it, will save a lot of time. When practising, make sure that you speak at the correct speed and do time yourself.20. Keep it short for the audience’s sakeHow long should I make my speech? How long will my audience concentrate on my speech? Hoe slowly should I speak to make myself clearly understood? In trying to answer these questions, we see how important timing is to speech.KEEP YOUR SPEECH LESS THAN 15 MINUTES Lin Yutang, the famous writer and translator, once said about the length of a speech, “the shorter, the better.” Speaking around the topic should be seriously avoided, not only in speech, but in all conversations in English. Being indirect and roundabout in your approach may be thought skillful in Chinese. But in English speech? No way. When one is making a speech in English, he should always stick to the point, and use simple, clear, and direct language.According to scientists, audiences can generally only manage to concentrate for about 13 minutes. So a 10-15-minute speech is about right.The famous Gettysburg Address, delivered by Abraham Lincoln on November 19, 1863 has about 200 words, but it still managed to express the idea that all people are born equal.150-160 WORDS PER MINUTE Speaking speed often depends on the occasion for the speech. The number of people in the audience is also an important factor to be considered.If you are speaking to hundreds or even thousands of people, especially in the open air, you should speak slowly. The idea is to let the audience catch every single word of your speech. For example, when Martin Luther King spoke, even to a small group, his usual speaking speed was only 110 to 120 words per minute.When you are speaking indoors to a small group, say, 10 or 20 people, you may speed up a bit. Speaking at a speed of around 200 words a minute, you can still retain the audience’s attention.So, we can see that the average speed is about 150 to 160 words per minute.Whether you are speaking slowly or rapidly, the important point is to pronounce every word clearly. Otherwise, no matter how wonderful you think your content is, the audience won’t be able to follow you. Use phonetic symbols to mark the places you often mess up, in advance, and practise every day before you get up on stage.PAUSE FOR DRAMATIC EFFECT If you want a particular sentence or expression to leave a deep impression on your audience, you can pause a while before uttering it. During the pause, the audience will grow curious about why you choose to pause and they will anxiously expect to hear the next sentence, which is exactly what you want to happen.But don’t pause too frequently or too long. Eye contact and a smile, with a bit of body language, will also effectively impress your audience. If you simply stop suddenly and remain silent for several seconds before you start again, they’ll probably think, “Oh, he (she) has forgotten the words!”21. Making friendsJamie was like a magnet---she always had a c rowd around her. She wasn’t especially pretty, and she wasn’t particularly good at sports. But she was one of the most popular students at school. Everyone loved her!Why? What was it about Jamie that made everyone notice her? If her looks and her talents weren’t anything to show off, what did she have going for her?Here it is---short and simple---Jamie had learned the secret of how to make friends and keep them. Her secret is: Be nice to others! Jamie was kind and genuinely cared about others: people responded by wanting to be around her.Going along with this big secret of making friends are a few additional suggestions: SMILING SUGGESTS CONFIDENCE There is something fascinating about someone who smiles a lot. We are automatically drawn to someone who is happy. Wearing a smile usually implies the person behind it is approachable. An approachable person makes others feel at ease and comfortable.Smiles also convey confidence, which is really important when making friends. You don’t have to actually feel con fident to smile, but when you do, people will think you are. Furthermore, the more you smile, the more natural your smile will be. You’ll gain confidence from smiling!LEARN TO LISTEN AND TALK Everyone wants to talk. We all have a story to tell. Each of us enjoys having someone listen to what we say. It makes us feel important when someone is truly interested in what we’re saying.When other people find out you are willing to listen, they will be talking to you! When someone is talking to you, zero in 100 per cent on that person. Don’t pretend to listen but really think about something else. That won’t work in making friends.Meanwhile, don’t put the burden of the entire conversation on someone else. You’ve got to do your part, too. It is learning when to talk that is important. Try not to talk just to hear yourself talking; no one else can get a word in.Everyone should learn to give and take in any relationship. Learn to move from being the centre of attention to focusing on the needs of others. Modesty is extremely attractive.TRY TO ADD VALUE TO THOSE AROUND YOU People light up when yourecognize something they do well and let them know. It only takes a minute to give someone a compliment or to notice what gifts a person has. It automatically adds value to how they see themselves. Try to be the kind of person who’s always seeing the positive qualities in others. Don’t tear someone down.22. What does friendship mean to westerners?What is meant by the word “friend”? The dictionary defines it as “one attached to another by affection or respect”. Americans use the word freely---that is, a friend may or may not be a person to whom one is really attached. Friends may have known each other since childhood or they may have recently met. It is difficult to give an exact definition of this word as it is used in the US, because it covers many types of relationships.It is common for Americans to have different “circles”. Terms such as office mate and tennis partner indicate different types of friends. The office mate is a friend in the office and the tennis partner is a friend on the tennis court. A person may have many good friends and one best friend. “Best friends” are usually two people of the same sex who have known each other for a long period of time. People usually have more casual friends than close or best friends.Americans move around quite often and learn to develop friendships easily and quickly. About one out of every five American families moves every year. People move to new places because they begin new jobs, attend distant colleges, get married, have children or simply want a change in their lives. Perhaps as a result of this, people form and end friendships quickly.Relationships based on a common activity may stop or end when the activity ends. Students might meet in classes and remain friends for the duration of the course and then stop seeing each other after the final examination. The same holds true for neighbours who are the closest of friends until one moves away. In these friendships, shared daily experiences form the foundation for the relationship. Long-lasting friendships develop when individuals have similar interests and a common outlook on life. the high rate of mobility in the US can explain a great deal about short-term friendships.Friendship and friendliness do not mean the same thing. Friendliness characterizes much of American daily interaction but is not always an indication of friendship. Strangers may share life histories without any wish to set up a relationship. Instant friendships are characterized by the appearance of two people becoming close but, in reality, there is no string connection between them. Two people saying hello to each other after being introduced for the first time do not always mean that they have a strong wish to develop a friendship. Many people frequently smile or say “Have a nice day” or “See you later”, or even give an invitation as part of a cultural pattern of politeness. Such expressions do not always suggest an offer of continued friendship.23. AdjoHow the years have rushed by! It has been a long time since I knew Marget Swenson. I was a child when I knew her, and now I myself have children. The mind loses many things as it matures, but I never lost Marget---my first love and first hurt.I met Marget Swenson when she joined our sixth-grade class.Marget, just fresh from Sweden, and I, a sixth generation American. She spoke very little English, but somehow we did manage to understand each other. We took to each other instantly.Marget lived up on the hill. That was the place where there were many large and pretty houses. I suppose it was only in passing that I knew only white people lived there.We had so much fun together. We sat for hours in my garden or hers, surrounded by grass. Her words were Swedish; mine, English. We laughed at the way each of us slid our tongues over the unfamiliar words. I learned the Swedish equivalents of hello, friend, and goodbye.However, such fun did not last long, and the disaster began at Marget’s birthday party.It was a Wednesday. I arrived at the party early. Marget and I ran around quickly, putting the finishing touches on the decorations.Some fifteen minutes later, the doorbell rang, and in came Mary, another girl in our class.But after that nobody came. No one.When it got to be after five, Mrs Swenson called Marget inside. She was there for a long time, and when she came out, she looked very, very sad. “My mother does not think they are coming,” she said.“Why not?” Mary blurted.Marget cast a quick glance at me, bu t she didn’t say anything.I took Marget’s hand. “It’s me, isn’t it?” I said. Oh! I remember sopainfully today how much I wanted her quick and positive “No!” to my question. But I was only aware of Marget trying to slip her hand from mine. I opened my hand and let her go.It was different between us after her birthday. Marget stopped coming to my house, and when I asked her when she would, she looked as though she would cry.One day, uninvited, I went to her house, climbed up the hill, and a restless feeling grew within me at every step.Marget almost jumped when she opened the door. She stared at me in shock. Then, quickly, in a voice I’d never heard before, she said, “My mother says you can’t come to my house any more.”I opened my mouth, and closed it without speaking. The awful thing had come; my suspicion was confirmed; Marget was white and I was not. I did know it deep within myself.Since that meeting Marget and I did not speak to each other at all.On the last day of school, getting up a strange courage, I handed my autograph book to Marget. She hesitated, then without looking up, wrote words I don’t remember now; they were quite common words, the kind everyone was writing in everyone else’s book. I waited. Slowly, she passed her book to me and in it I wrote with a slow, firm hand some of the words she had taught me. I wrote Adjo min van---Goodbye, my friend. I released her, let her go, told her not to worry, told her that I no longer needed her. Adjo.24. Ryan, his friends, and his incredible torch runWe met in a biology class. Ryan sat in the front so that his wheelchair wouldn’t get in the way. I, however, believed that he wouldn’t have gotten in the way wherever he sat. I greeted him with a “Hello!” and he replied cheerfully. Later it proved that t his simple “Hello!” was all it took for Ryan and me to become great friends.Ryan suffered from brain damage and had endured many an obstacle. Yet, he is able to go on living his life to the fullest. He knows the old saying, “When the going gets tough, the tough get going.” to the deepest and most personal extent.The highlight of our friendship came in our junior year, when Ryan asked me to hold the flag that would mark the spot where he would begin his Olympic torch run. When he asked me, I didn’t know what to say. “Why me?” I asked. He gently responded that he would be honoured if I would accept this position. He said that the Olympic committee sent a letter saying that the person that holds the flag must be someone important to him, and I was important to him because I was the only true friend he had ever made that talked to him and not to his wheelchair. How could I refuse such a gracious compliment and request?On June fifth, I took the flag and reached Ryan’s starting point early. By then, the streets had begun to fill with students from the surrounding schools and the area residents. Everyone was excited. Then came the van that carried the torch runners. All of the runners got out except Ryan. They lined up outside of the van and began to chant his name. Ryan! Ryan! Then all of the people that lined the streets joined in. Ryan! Ryan! All I could do was not to cry.The lift then lowered Ryan to the ground. There he was, in all his glory. People sawhim for Ryan and not for his wheelchair. It all became slow motion at the sight of the arriving torch. I gave Ryan a hug and then stepped into my spot. The runner lit Ryan’s torch and then Ryan began his journey. As he took off down the street, the chanting became louder and louder. The excitement filled the air. I could not have been any prouder of Ryan! He deserved this moment in time---a historic moment that he was a part of and allowed me to be a part of, too.That moment will last in time forever. It expressed the whole meaning of the flame: love, enthusiasm, and brotherhood. It showed us all that love is really what makes this small world go around.25. The father of modern physicsAlbert Einstein was born of Jewish parents in 1879 in Germany. He did badly in most subjects at school, but was fascinated by mathematics, which he did quite well. When he was fifteen, his family moved to Italy, and from there he went to Switzerland to attend a polytechnic school.After gaining a teaching qualification from the polytechnic, Einstein took a post as a junior clerk in an office. Einstein was happy to get such an easy job, because it gave him plenty of time to think about physics. It was the “thought experiments” that he carried out in his head that led to a new understanding of space, time and gravity(引力).In 1905, when he was twenty-six years old, Einstein began to publish his thoughts. One of his theories provided an explanation for a puzzling effect, called the photoelectric effect(光电效应), which had been noticed some years earlier. It was in 1921 that he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for his work on the photoelectric effect.In 1914, Einstein became a professor of physics at the University of Berlin and all went well until Hitler came to power in 1933. Einstein, who was Jewish, spoke out against Nazi crimes. As a result, he had to leave Germany and spent the rest of his life teaching in the United States at Princeton University.In the long course of research, Einstein developed his theories of relativity. These theories were so different and new that most scientists could do not believe or understand them, and it took a long time for them to be accepted.Einstein’s theories also predicted that solid objects can be changed into pure energy. This did lead to the development of nuclear power(核能) and the atomic bomb(原子弹). However, Einstein himself protested against nuclear weapons, and became involved in the peace movement after the First World War.Einstein passed away in 1955 at the age of seventy-six. What he left behind is a wealth of ideas that form the foundation of modern physics today.Apart from his scientific work, Einstein found much pleasure in simple pastimes. Among his hobbies were sailing and playing the violin. Besides, he loved the company of children.Although he was one of the greatest scientists who ever lived, Einstein did not take himself seriously. Once, when asked to enter a newspaper competition to write an article explaining how light is bent by gravity, he joked that the competition was much too difficult for him to enter.26. The survival of the fittestFor a long time people had wondered how life had developed on earth. TheBible(圣经) stated that god had created everything in a week. Some people did not believe this. “What about fossils?” they asked. “What has happened to the strange creat ures which existed so many years ago?” they asked.Charles Darwin(查尔斯·罗伯特·达尔文，英国生物学家，进化论奠基人), a young man just out of university in 1831, was offered a job on a ship on a voyage of discovery around the world. Life on board was tough. Darwin was terribly seasick and was only happy when he was ashore collecting plant samples and observing animals. It was to be the most important journey in his life. It lasted for five years; he returned in October 1836.Darwin studied nature in South America and in a group of small islands in the South Pacific. On each island there were birds. They were very similar, but the shape of their beaks, and even their eating habits varied. Darwin wondered why they were different. Then he realized that, long before, they had been the same. Each island had different foods available. Only the birds that could eat available food could survive, this might depend on having the right shape of beak. He realized that the same process happened with all living things. Over millions of years, all plants and animals have gradually changed into the forms we see today. What we call “the survival of the fittest” he named “natural selection”. Darwin called this slow process of change “evolution”. It explains why many kinds of creature, whose fossil remains, are no longer alive.By 1846, he had published an article describing his voyage. He also began to think seriously about evolution and natural selection, and wrote two essays describing his ideas.He did not publish these essays because he realized his ideas proved the Bible’s theory of creation was wrong, and he was worried about the anger and troubles they would cause.Darwin spent the following years developing his theories and making them perfect. In 1859 he published them in The Origin of Species(《物种起源》). It caused a huge row because it seemed to deny what the Bible said. His The Descent of Man(《人类的由来》), 1871, pointed out that mankind had come from the same ancestor. Darwin was upset by the opposition. Other scientists agreed with his ideas and took up his cause. The Church prohibited the teaching of the Theory of Evolution(进化论) in some countries. However, today most people believe that Darwin was right.27. Miracle in the rice fieldIt is said that every scientist has a childhood dream for his or her future success. For Yuan Longpin, known as the “father of hybrid rice(杂交水稻)”, the dream is that he cultivates rice as huge as peanuts, and farmers can have a rest in the cool shadow of big rice plants.Yuan Longpin was born into a poor family in 1931. Upon graduating from the Southwestern Agricultural College(西南农业学院) in 1953, he began his teaching career at an agriculture school and has since devoted himself to agricultural education and research.He came up with the idea of hybrid rice for the first time in the 1960s. In the early 1970s, he succeeded in developing the world’s first high-yield hybrid rice. Of great importance is his pioneering work, which has established China’s position o f world。
上海新世纪版高二下册英语Unit5 Great scientistsvocabulary教案S2B
Unit5 Great scientists-vocabularyTeaching PlanStudents: Class 1, Senior TwoTeacher: Xia MinTeaching Material:New Century English Senior TwoUnit Five The Father of Modern PhysicsClass Period:The Second PeriodLanguage learning objective:Help students learn some key phrases and words of the text.Skill objectives:1. Guide students to use the phrases properly in different situations.2. Encourage students to practice their spoken English and written English throughdifferent tasks.Aids: MultimediaProcedure:1. Revision:Ask students some questions about Einstein to get a quick review about the text. 2. Language Points:( 1 ) Para A:be fascinated by fascinate( 2 ) Para B:a. qualification gain a qualification forbe qualified to do sth.b. take a post as = take up a job asc. lead to sth. / doing sth.d. It was…that…(3) Para C-- Gbe awarded come to powerspeak out against in the long course ofprotest against become involved inpass away a wealth ofapart from( 4 ) Para H:the company ofkeep sb. company( 5 ) Para I :take …seriously3. Practice:(1) Complete the passage by using the proper words in the box.(2) Group Work ( optional): Describe a person using at least 4 phrases that we have learned.4. Assignments:(1). Read the text again and finish C2 on page 59.(2). Translate five sentences into Chinese.Exercises:Complete the passage by using the proper phrases in the box.A Brief Introduction to ObamaObama was born in Hawaii in 1961. In 1991, he obtained the doctor’s degree on l aw from Harvard University and ______________to be a lawyer. After that, he ______________ as a professor teaching law in the University of Chicago. Because he was black, he showed sympathy to the poor people and ______________ helping them. He ______________politics so that in 2007 he decided to take part in the election for President of America. In the debate with John McCain, his confidence and unforgettable smile ______________ his success. It was on November the 4th, 2008 when he was 47 years old that he became the first Black President in the United States. After he ______________, the reforms he carried out have brought about ______________ benefits to the country’s economy. Though ______________ his reforms, he met with a lot of difficulties, he never gave up. He _____________ the Iraq War and ordered the soldiers to come back to America. ________________ his political work, he also________________ his family life ________________. Everyone believes that he will be an excellent president.Translation:1) 别把他的话太当真。
人教高二英语必修5 Unit 3 Book5 Life in the future
Critical thinking
Will the future in our textbook become a reality? Are you satisfied with all the things mentioned in our textbook? What are your reasons?
Q1: Why did I have the chance to travel to the year AD 3008? Because he took up the prize that he won last year. (L1) Q2: What is “time lag”? “Time lag” is similar to “jet lag”. When you suffer from time lag, you will keep getting flashbacks from your previous time period. (L5)
Q3: Why did my guide give me some tablets? Because Li Qiang was nervous and uncertain and the tablet can help me feel better. (L8-10) Q4: How did Li Qiang get to the year 3008? He went to the year 3008 in a time capsule. (L11)
The air was thin, having little oxygen left. (L19-20)
Li Qiang’s head ached for lack of fresh air, so he had to _p_u_t_o_n__m_a_s_k__. Soon, he was _b__a_ck__o_n__h_is__fe_e_t__.
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Additional readingThe Survival of the FittestParagraph A:Q: What did the Bible say about the origin of life?1.the survival of the fittest 适者生存survival (n.) 幸存survive (vt./vi)survive a disaster/ the air crash/ the earthquake 在……中幸免于难Only two passengers survived the air-crash. 这次飞机失事只有两名乘客幸免于难。
survivor (n.) 幸存者2.wonder (v.) 想知道I wonder whether they will arrive on time.wonder (n.) 奇迹It is a wonder that he remained alive after dropping from the roof of a ten-storied building.创造奇迹work/do wonders3.on earth (用于疑问词后加强语气)究竟，到底；世界上，人世间（常用于最高级和疑问句后加强语气）Who on earth told you that?What on earth do you mean?Where on earth have you been all these years?How on earth did you manage to finish the work in such a short time?She felt she was the happiest woman on earth.4.state (vt.) 陈述，说明The witness stated that she had never seen Mr. Smith.statement (n.)陈述，说明Clearness of statement is more important than beauty of language.state (n.) 状况，状态The vice president is in a state of poor health.5.create (vt. )Some people believe that God created the world.creature (n.)Man is the only creature that is gifted with speech.人类是唯一被赋予语言能力的动物。
creation (n.)the creation of a new department新部门的创建6.exist (v.) 存在The idea only exists in the minds of poets.existence (n.) 存在Do you believe in the existence of ghosts?The company came into existence 20 years ago. (开始存在，建立）Paragraph B:Q: What did Darwin love to do when he was working on a ship as a naturalist?7.offer (v.) 提供这家公司给他提供了高薪。
The company offers him a high salary. = The company offers a high salary to him.He offered to lend me some books.8.be seasick 晕船be homesick 想家9.ashore (adv.) 向岸边，靠岸边Most of the other passengers had gone ashore.The ship was driven ashore by the bad weather.10.sample (v.) 样品Our firm gives away free samples of cloth.我们公司免费赠送布料样品。
11.observe (v.)1) 看到,注意到He observed a stranger hanging around the store. 他看到一个陌生人在商店附近闲逛。
2) 观察,观测;监视They carefully observed the behavior of deer. 他们仔细观察了鹿的生活习性。
3) 遵守,奉行This law must be strictly observed.这项法律必须严格遵守。
4) 庆祝(节日等)Some people observe Christmas here.Paragraph C:Q: What explained why many kinds of creature are no longer alive?12.vary (vi.) 改变，变化Eating habits vary from person to person.The weather varies from hour to hour in some mountain district. 在某些山区天气时刻变化。
various (adj. ) 各种各样的variety (n.) 变化；种类 a variety of books13.Only in this way can you learn English well.Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.Only some of us can speak English.Conclusion: Only +状语位于句首，句子进行部分倒装Only +主语位于句首，为正常句序14.process (n.) 过程Changing the education system will be a difficult process.process (vt.) 加工Supermarkets sell many vegetables that have been processed.15.evolution (n.) (生物的) 进化, 演化; 进化论[U]In the course of evolution, some birds have lost the power of flight. 在演化过程中一些鸟失去了飞行的能力。
16.remain (v.) 剩余，留下，保持I remain in London until July.He remained poor all his life.The problem remained to be discussed.Paragraph D:Q: Why didn’t Darwin publish his writings about evolution at first?17.by: 到…为止By 1846, he had published an article describing his voyage.他预测到2020年能找出治愈该病的方法。
He predicted that a cure for the disease will have been found by the year 2020.18.prove1)证明，证实The lawyer proved the innocent of his client.律师证实了他的当事人的清白。
2）证明是；原来是The rumor proved true.这谣传结果是真的。
He proved a competent manager.他证明是一个能干的经理。
My advice proved to be wrong.我的意见证明是错的。
Paragraph E:Q: Why did his book The Origin of Species cause a big argument in the world?19.He denied that he was involved in the accidentThere is no denying that +主+谓不可否认There is no denying that he stole the watch from the shop.20.upset - upset - upset v.1）打乱Rain upset our plans for a picnic.下雨打乱了我们的野餐计划。
2）使心烦意乱Losing the necklace borrowed from her friend upset her completely.3）adj. 心烦的I am always upset when I don't get any mail. 我接不到任何邮件时总是心烦意乱。
21.prohibit (vt.) 禁止；妨碍Smoking is prohibited in the office building.Illness prohibited him from attending the meeting yesterday. 他病了，这使他不能参加昨天的会议。