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自动控制原理英语

自动控制原理英语Automatic control principleAutomatic control principle refers to the theory and techniques used in controlling mechanical, electrical, or other systems without human intervention. It involves monitoring the system's output and adjusting it based on predefined criteria or input signals.The basic principle of automatic control is to minimize the error between the desired output and the actual output. This is achieved by continuously measuring the output and comparing it to the desired value. If there is a deviation, a control system takes corrective action to bring the system back to the desired state.There are several key components and concepts in automatic control systems. The first is the sensor, which measures the system's output. This can be a physical device that measures variables such as temperature, pressure, or position, or it can be a software component that processes digital signals.The second component is the controller, which receives the measurement from the sensor and determines the appropriate action to take. The controller uses algorithms and mathematical models to calculate the desired output based on the current conditions.The third component is the actuator, which translates the control signal from the controller into physical action. This can be a motor, valve, or any device that manipulates the system to achieve the desired output.Feedback is another important concept in automatic control. It involves continuously monitoring the system's output and feeding it back to the controller. This allows the controller to make adjustments and fine-tune its output to minimize errors.There are different types of control systems, including open-loop and closed-loop systems. In open-loop systems, the controller doesn't receive feedback and operates solely based on the input signal. Closed-loop systems, on the other hand, use feedback to continuously adjust the output.Automatic control principles are used in a wide range of applications, including industrial processes, robotics, aerospace, and automotive systems. They improve efficiency, accuracy, and reliability by reducing human intervention and ensuring consistent performance.In conclusion, the automatic control principle is the theory and techniques used to control systems without human intervention. It involves measuring the system's output, comparing it to the desired value, and taking corrective action. Key components include sensors, controllers, actuators, and feedback. Automatic control systems are used in various industries to improve performance and reliability.。

《自控力》英文版

《自控力》英文版Self-Control is the ability to regulate one's emotions, thoughts, and behavior in the face of temptations and impulses. It involves being aware of our desires and choosing to act in a way that aligns with our long-term goals and values.自控力是在诱惑和冲动出现时，能够调节自己的情绪、思想和行为的能力。

它涉及到意识到自己的欲望，并选择以符合长期目标和价值观的方式行事。

From a psychological perspective, self-control is a crucial aspect of emotional regulation and impulse management. It requires the ability to delay gratification and make decisions based on long-term consequences rather than immediate rewards.从心理学角度来看，自控力是情绪调节和冲动管理的关键方面。

它需要有能力延迟满足感，并基于长期后果而不是即时奖励做出决定。

Furthermore, self-control plays a significant role in achieving personal and professional success. People with high levels of self-control tend to be more resilient in the face of setbacks and arebetter equipped to make consistent, responsible choices in various aspects of their lives.此外，自控力在实现个人和职业成功方面起着重要作用。

自控原理课件3(英文版)

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If the output of a system at steady state does not exactly agree with the input, the system is said to have steady-state error. This error is indicative of accuracy of the system.

自动控制系统英文原理

Classification of control systems there are three ways: by automatic classification methods in order to participate in the control mode classification, to adjust the law category.One way to control category 1, the open-loop control system if the computer output of open loop control system to exercise control of the production process, but the control results --- the state of the production process does not affect the computer control systems, computer \ controller \ production and other sectors does not constitute a closed loop, is called open-loop control system computer. the production process of the state is no feedback to the computer, but by the operator to monitor the status of the production process, decision control program, and tell the computer to control the role of exercising control. 2, closed loop control system computer to the production of an object or process control, the state can directly influence the production process computer control system, called the closed-loop control system computer. Control of the computer monitor in the operator, the automatic acceptance of the production process state test results, calculate and determine the control scheme, the direct command and control units (devices) of action, the role of exercising control of the production process. In such systems, aircraft control components under control of control information sent to control device operation, the other running equipment condition as the output, measured by the detection part, the feedback as input to the control computer; to make control Computer \ Control Components \ production \ test components form a closed loop. We will call this form of control computer control closed-loop control. Closed loop control system computer, using a mathematical model to set the value of the production process and test results of the best value of the deviation between the feedback and control the production process to run at their best. 3, line control system as long as the computer controlled production of the controlled object or process, to exercise direct control, without human intervention are called the control computer on-line control, or on-line control system. 4, offline control system control computer does not directly participate in the control object or the controlled production process. It only managed to complete the process of the controlled object or the status of testing, and testing of data processing; and then develop control programs, the output control instruction, operator reference control instructions manually controlled operation to control parts of the object or subject control process control. This control form is called off-line computer control system. 5, real-time control system control computer real-time control system iscontrolled by the control of the object or process, or request when the request processing control, the control function in a timely manner to address and control systems, commonly used in the production process is interrupted for the occasion. Such as steel, each one refining furnace steel is a process; and if the process rolling, rolling out each piece of steel considered a process, each process is repeated. Only enter the process only requires a computer control. Once control of the computer, it requires a computer from the production process information in the required time to respond to or control. Such systems often use sophisticated interrupt system and interrupt handling procedures to achieve. In summary, an online system is not necessarily a real-time system. But a real-time system must be an online system.Second, in order to participate in the control mode to Category 1, direct digital control system by the control computer to replace conventional analog instruments and direct regulation to control the production process, as the computer as digital signals, so named after the DDC control. Actually controlled the production process control components, control signals received by the process controller input / output channels of D / (D / A) converter output of the digital control computer volume to be converted into analog; analog input control machine to go through the process of input / output channels of analog / digital (A / D) converter into a digital number into the computer. DDC control systems often use a small computer or microprocessor, the time-sharing system to achieve multiple points of control. Is in fact a discrete sampling with the controller, to achieve discrete multi-point control. DDC computer control system that has become the main control computer control system forms. DDC control of the advantage of flexibility, large, focused on high reliability and low cost. Can use several forms of digital computing circuits, or even dozens of loop production process, integral to proportional --- --- differential (PID) control to maintain the industrial state of the controlled object at a given value, the deviation small and stable. And as long as the change of control algorithms and applications can achieve more complex control. Such as feedforward control and the best control. Under normal circumstances, DDC-level control often more complex as the implementation of advanced control level. 2, supervisory computer control system supervisory computer control system for a particular production process, according to the production process of various states, according to the production process of the mathematical model to calculate the best production equipment should be running a given value, and the best value automatically or manually on the DDCExecutive-level computer or analog meter to align the regulation or control of the target set. By a DDC or adjust the instrument at various points on the production process (running equipment) to exercise control. SCC system is that it can guarantee the production process is always controlled the situation in the best condition to run, so get the most benefit. SCC results directly affect the merits of the first of its mathematical model, this should always improve the operation process model, and modify the control algorithm, and application control procedures. 3, multi-level control systems in modern manufacturing enterprises in the production process not only the need to address the problem of online control, and Huan Zhi Li called for a solution of production problems, the daily product line, the number of arrangements for planning and scheduling, and Rose plans develop a long term planning, notice Xiaoshou prospects, there was multi-level control system. DDC class is mainly used for direct control of the production process, for PID, or feedforward control; SCC level is mainly used for optimal control or adaptive control or learning control calculation, and command and control the same DDC class report back to the MIS class. DDC level usually microcomputers, SCC-level general use of small computers or high-end microcomputers. MIS Workshop main function of governance is based on plant-level production of varieties issued, the number of orders and collect up the production process of the state of information, at any time reasonable schedule to achieve optimal control, command and SCC-level supervisory control. Factory management level MIS main function is to accept the company and factory production tasks assigned by the actual situation of optimized computing, Zhi Ding factory production plans and short-term (ten days or weeks or days) arrangements, and then issued to the plant-level production tasks. Corporate governance level MIS main function is to guess the market demand computing to develop strategic long-term development planning, and contract orders, raw material supply situation and the production conditions, comparison of the optimal production program selection and calculation, work out the entire company business a long time (months or ten days) of the production plan, sales plan, assigned to the task of the factory management level. MIS-level main function is to achieve real-time information processing, decision-makers at all levels to provide useful information, make on the production planning \ scheduling and management programs to plan the coordination and management control in the optimal state. This one can control the size and scope of enterprise size divided into several levels. Each level has to be addressed accordingto the size of the amount of information to determine the type of computer used. MIS generally use small computer shop class or high-grade micro-computer, the factory management level of the MIS with a medium-sized computer, and corporate governance level MIS is to use large-scale computer, or use super computer. 4, distributed control or distributed control system distributed control or distributed control, the control system is divided into a number of independent local control subsystems to complete the controlled production process control task. Since the emergence of micro-computers and rapid development of distributed control to provide for the realization of the material and technical basis, in recent years, decentralized control can be different almost normal development, and has become an important trend in the development of computer control. Since the 70's, appeared focused on distributed control system, called DCS. It is a decentralized local control of the new computer control system.Three, classified according to the law regulating 1, program control if the computer control system the division of a predetermined time function control, such control is called program control. Such as the furnace temperature-time curves Anzhao some control on the process control. Here the procedure is time-varying changes have to determine the corresponding value, rather than the computer running. 2, sequence control in the process control based on the generated sequence control, computer, over time, as can be determined according to the corresponding control value and previous results at the moment both to exercise on the production process control system, called the order of the computer control . 3, proportional - integral - differential analog PID control regulation of conventional PID control instrument can be completed. Micro-computer can also be achieved with PID control. 4, feedforward control is usually the feedback control system, have certain effects on the interference in order to generate feedback over the role of inhibitory control of interference, and thus delay the control of undesirable consequences. In order to overcome the negative lag control, with the computer accepts the interference signal after the, did not produce effects in the Huan insert a feedforward control Zuoyong, it Ganghao interference point in the interference of the control to completely offset the effect on the variable, it was Ming Wei Yin Er disturbance compensation control. 5, optimal control (optimal control) system control computer, such as to have controlled object is best known as the best run of the control system control system. Such as computer control system is limited in the existing conditions, select appropriate control law(mathematical model), the controlled object indicators in optimal running condition. Such as the largest output, consumption of the largest, highest quality standards, such as the least scrap rate. Best is determined by a set of mathematical models, sometimes several in a limited range of the best indicators of the pursuit of individual, sometimes the best indicators of comprehensive requirements. 6, the adaptive control system, optimal control, when the working conditions or qualifications change, we can not get the best control effects. If the situation changes in working conditions, the control system can still be controlled in the best state of the object's control, such control system called the adaptive system. This requires mathematical model reflects the change in the conditions, how to achieve the best state. Control computer to detect changes in terms of the information given by the laws of mathematical models to calculate, to change the control variables, the controlled objects still in the best condition. 7, self-learning control system if the computer can keep the results under the controlled object gain experience running their own change and improve the control law so that more and better control effect, this control system is called self-learning control system. Above mentioned optimal control, adaptive control and self-learning control are related to multi-parameter, multi-variable complex control systems, are all problems of modern control theory. Determine the stability of the system, many factors affect the control of complex mathematical models, have to be a production control, production technology, automation, instrumentation, programming, computer hardware, each with various personnel to be realized. Controlled object by the length of reaction time required to control the number of points and mathematical models to determine the complexity of the computer use scale. Generally speaking, a strong need to functionality (speed and computing power) of the computer can be achieved. The Zhuzhong control, can be a single type also is not single, you can combine several forms to achieve control of the production process. This should address the actual situation of the controlled object, the system analysis, system design determined at the time.Keywords ：open the control,closed loop control。

英文版自动控制原理教学大纲,参考

PRINCIPLES OF AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYLLABUSCourse name：principles of automatic control(Ⅱ) Chinese name:自动控制原理Course code：0243003 Course times：48 hours （Laboratory：6 hours ）Credit hour：3.5Applicable major：Thermal energy and powerplant engineeringPenner：Lingling Zhong Checker：1. Course GoalPrinciples of automatic control is a compulsory course for students majoring thermal energy and powerplant engineering. The course deals with introduction to design of feedback control systems, properties and advantages of feedback systems, time-domain and frequency-domain performance measures, stability and degree of stability. It also covers root locus method, nyquist criterion and frequency-domain design. By learning this course, the students are expected and required to understand the difficulties, to master the basic concepts and principles of the control system analysis and design, to develop the problem-solving skills and feedback control thinking, to lay massive foundation for further study and future career.2. Course ContentsThe course includes six chapters which consist of Introduction to Control Systems, Mathematic Models of Control Systems, Time-Domain Analysis of Control Systems, Root Locus Method, Frequency Response Method and Compensation of Control Systems. The break-down details in each chapter make step by step understanding.A fter learning this course, the students will be able to obtain a basic understanding of feedback control systems theory, the ability to perform analysis and design of linear feedback control systems, using both time and frequency domain techniques and hands on experience analyzing and designing control system.3. Grading Policy and SchedulingThe final grade is based on homework performances, midterm test and a final exam. The proportion is set like this: homework performances (20%) , midterm test (20%) , final exam score (60%).Scheduling4. Detailed ContentsPart 1: LectureChapter 1 Introduction to control systems1) Main contents•Introduction•Basic idea and history of automatic control•Basic types of automatic control systems•Basic requirements of automatic control systems2) Emphases and DifficultiesEmphases: The basic concept of automatic control and the principle of feedback (closed-loop) control3) Teaching requirements•To understand the history, application fields and development direction of automatic control•To comprehend the basic concept of automatic control and principles of feedback (closed-loop) controlChapter 2 Mathematical models of control systems1) Main contents•Introduction to system modeling•Laplace transform•Differential Equations of simple Physical Systems•The Transfer Function of Linear Systems•Block Diagram Model•Signal-Flow Graph Models•Equivalence among Models and Summary2) Emphases and Difficulties•Emphases: The method of getting the linear differential equation and transfer function of simple physical systems. deducing and calculating the transfer function of closed-loop system using block diagram and signal flow graph•difficulties: Lapalce transform; The equivalence transform and simplification of block diagram3) Teaching requirements•To understand the basic principle and method of mathematical modeling, such as approximation, complication and similar systems•To comprehend some basic concepts such as similar systems, transfer function, typical elements, block diagram, signal-flow graph•To master the method of getting linear differential equation and transfer function of simple physical systems. Equivalence transform and simplification of block diagram.Mason’s gain formula of signal-flow graphChapter 3 Time-Domain Analysis of Control Systems1) Main contents•Basic concepts of time-domain analysis•Typical input responses and specifications•The performance of 1-order systems•The performance of 2-order systems•The performance of high-order systems•Stability analysis for linear systems•Steady-state error of linear systems•Disturbance rejection2) Emphases and Difficulties•Emphases: The concept of time response；Transient response analysis and calculation of 2-order Systems. The concept of stability; The Routh—Hurwitz stability criterion. Analysis and calculation of steady-state error•Difficulties: Transient response analysis of high-order systems. The correlation between the location of closed-loop poles and zeros and the system performance.Definitions of stability in different meanings.3) Teaching requirements•To comprehend the concepts of typical input signal, the specifications of step-response, the effects of addition of closed-loop poles and zeros •To understand the concept of stability and the sufficient and necessary condition for stability•To understand the causes of steady-state error and the ways to reduce or eliminate the steady-state error•To master the characteristics of the step response of first-order and second-order systems and their relationship with system parameters•To master the Routh—Hurwitz stability criterion•To master calculation method of steady-state errorChapter 4 Root Locus Method1) Main contents•The root locus concept•Rules for Plotting root locus•Typical root locus and extended root locus•Control system analysis and design using root locus2) Emphases and Difficulties•Emphases: The root locus concept. The root locus rules•Difficulties: To analyze system’s performance using root locus3) Teaching requirements•To comprehend the root locus concept and the method of drawing root locus•To master the rules of drawing root locus by hand and how to analyze system’s performance using root locusChapter 5 Frequency Response Methods1) Main contents•The concept of frequency response•Bode diagrams of elementary factors•Open-Loop frequency response•Nyquist stability criterion•Relative stability•Closed-Loop frequency-domain analysis•Open-Loop frequency-domain analysis2) Emphases and Difficulties•Emphases: The concept of frequency response. Frequency characteristics of typical elements. Drawing of frequency characteristics. The concept of relative stability. The Nyquist criterion. The calculation of gain and phase margins.•Difficulties: Drawing the open-loop Bode diagram of general systems. The relation between frequency performance indices and time performance indices3) Teaching requirements•To understand the measurements of frequency response, the frequency performance indices•To comprehend the concept of frequency response and the concept of relative stability •To master the frequency characteristics of typical elements and the methods of drawing the open-loop Bode diagram for general systems•To master the Nyquist stability criterion; the calculation of gain and phase marginsChapter 6 Compensation of Control System1) Main contents•Concept of compensation•Compensation networks•Phase-lead design using the Bode diagram•Phase-lag design using the Bode diagram•PID controller•Feedback compensation2) Emphases and Difficulties•Emphases: The design of phase-lead and phase-lag networks•Difficulties: The selection of phase-lead and phase-lag networks3) Teaching requirements•To understand the feedback compensation•To comprehend the concept and method of control system design•To master the procedure of phase-lead and phase-lag compensationPart 2: Laboratories1) RequirementsThere will be three lab assignments during the term. Before a laboratory, every student should make preparations for it. Each laboratory will be carried out by teams of twostudents. A lab report is required for each lab. This report is due one week after your laboratory session.2) EquipmentsLabact experiment box and PC4) ContentsLab 1：The virtual oscillograph use and experiment box verification programMain contents•Be familiar with the structure and function of every section in Labact experiment box and building experiment circuit.•Start the application of virtual oscillograph, configure communication interface, and be familiar with the UI of virtual oscillograph and the testing method of parameters.•Test the function of every section of experiment box by verification program.Teaching requirements•Master the method of building experiment circuit in Labact box•Master the usage of virtual oscillograph software•Be familiar with the box verification program and record the test resultLab 2: Time-Domain analysis of linear systemMain contents•Verify the characteristics of the step response of elementary factors (gain element, inertial element, PID). Record the result of step response by adjusting the value of resistances, capacitors, voltage or other parameter.•Verify the characteristics of transient response and stability of 2-order systems. The test system will be in underdamped, overdamped or critical damped state by adjusting the input resistance. Observe the stability of this system and record the result of step response.Teaching requirements•Mater the structure of test circuit of elementary factors and 2-order systems•Observe the result of step response of elementary factors of gain, inertial and PID. Record the experiment result.•Observe the result of step response of 2-order systems of underdamped, overdamped and critical damped. Record the experiment result.Lab 3: Frequency-Domain analysis of linear systemMain contentsResearch the affection to frequency response of the circuit structure of 2-order closed-loop systems. Calculate the natural undamped oscillatory frequency nω, the damping ratioξ,the resonant frequency mωand the resonant magnitude mM of the 2-order test system and compare with corresponding theoretical value.Teaching requirementsMater the method of calculating the natural undamped oscillatory frequency nω,the damping ratioξ,the resonant frequency mωand the resonant magnitude mM of the 2-order test system. Compare with corresponding theoretical value and think of the reason of error.5) Lab reportA lab report is required for each lab. The report should be written in the unified report paper, which includes lab name, target, theory, steps, record, data processing and result analysis. This report is due one week after your laboratory session.6) GradingThe grade will be based on the hands on ability during the experiment and lab report after the experiment, which is marked by centesimal grade. The laboratory grade accounts for 20% in the final grade.5. Course Texts and References:Course texts:[1]自动控制原理（中英文对照），李道根主编，哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社，2007.8[2] 张德银、魏鳞、钟玲玲编.自动控制原理实验.2006Reference:[1] Modern Control Engineering: Fourth Edition, （美）Katsuhiko Ogata, 影印本，北京：清华大学出版社，2006.2[2] Modern Control Systems, 8th ed. by Richard C. Dorf, Robert H. Bishop. Translated by Xie Hongwei. Higher Education Press（高等教育出版社）, 2001.06.[3] 胡寿松主编.自动控制原理简明教程.科学出版社，2003[4] 吴麒主编.自动控制原理.北京,清华大学出版社,1990。

自动控制原理专业词汇中英文对照.pdf

自动控制原理专业词汇中英文对照.pdf自动控制原理专业词汇中英文对照中文英文自动控制automatic control；cybernation 自动控制系统automatic control system自动控制理论 automatic control theory经典控制理论 classical control theory现代控制理论 modern control theory智能控制理论intelligent control theory 开环控制open-loop control闭环控制 closed-loop control输入量 input输出量 output给定环节 given unit/element比较环节 comparing unit/element放大环节 amplifying unit/element执行环节 actuating unit/element控制环节 controlling unit/element被控对象 (controlled) plant反馈环节 feedback unit/element控制器 controller扰动/干扰 perturbance/disturbance前向通道 forward channel反馈通道feedback channel 恒值控制系统constant control system随动控制系统servo/drive control system 程序控制系统programmed control system 连续控制系统continuous control system离散控制系统 discrete control system线性控制系统 linear control system非线性控制系统 nonlinear control system定常/时不变控制系统time-invariant control system 时变控制系统 time-variant control system 稳定性 stability快速性 rapidity准确性 accuracy数学模型 mathematical model微分方程 differential equation非线性特性 nonlinear characteristic线性化处理 linearization processing泰勒级数 Taylor series传递函数 transfer function比例环节 proportional element积分环节 integrating element一阶惯性环节 first order inertial element二阶惯性环节 second order inertial element二阶震荡环节second order oscillation element 微分环节differentiation element一阶微分环节 first order differentiation element二阶微分环节 second order differentiation element 延迟环节delay element动态结构图 dynamic structure block串联环节 serial unit并联环节 parallel unit信号流图 signal flow graph梅逊增益公式Mason’s gain formula时域分析法 time domain analysis method性能指标 performance index阶跃函数 step function斜坡函数 ramp function抛物线函数 parabolic function /acceleration function 冲击函数impulse function正弦函数 sinusoidal function动态/暂态响应 transient response静态/稳态响应 steady-state response 延迟时间 delay time上升时间 rise time峰值时间 peak time调节时间 settling time最大超调量 maximum overshoot稳态误差 steady-state error无阻尼 undamping欠阻尼 underdamping过阻尼 overdamping特征根 eigen root极点 pole零点 zero实轴 real axis虚轴 imaginary axis 稳态/静态分量 steady-state component 瞬态/暂态/动态分量transient component 运动模态motion mode衰减 attenuation系数 coefficient初相角 initial phase angle响应曲线 response curve主导极点 dominant pole 劳斯稳定判据 Routh stability criterion S平面 S plane胡尔维茨稳定判据Hurwitz stability criterion 测量误差measurement error扰动误差 agitation error结构性误差 structural error偏差 deviation根轨迹 root locus 常规根轨迹 routine root locus根轨迹方程 root locus equation 幅值 magnitude幅角 argument对称性 symmetry分离点 separation/break away point会合点 meeting/break-in point渐近线 asymptote出射角 emergence angle/angle of departure入射角incidence angle/angle of arrival 广义根轨迹generalized root locus零度根轨迹zero degree root locus 偶极子dipole/zero-pole pair 频域分析法frequency-domain analysis method 频率特性frequency characteristic极坐标系 polar coordinate system直角坐标系 rectangular coordinate system幅频特性 magnitude-frequency characteristic相频特性phase-frequency characteristic 幅相频率特性magnitude-phase frequency characteristic 最小相位系统minimum phase system非最小相位系统 nonminimum phase system奈奎斯特稳定判据Nyquist stability criterion 伯德定理Bode theorem稳定裕度 stability margin幅值裕度 magnitude margin 相位/相角裕度 phase margin对数幅频特性 log magnitude-frequency characteristic 无阻尼自然震荡角频率 undamped oscillation angular frequency 阻尼震荡角频率damped oscillation angular frequency 阻尼角damping angle带宽频率bandwidth frequency 穿越/截止频率crossover/cutoff frequency 谐振峰值 resonance peak系统校正 system compensation超前校正 lead compensation滞后校正 lag compensation自激震荡 self-excited oscillation死区特性 dead zone characteristic饱和特性 saturation characteristic间隙特性 backlash characteristic描述函数法 describing function method相平面法 phase plane method 采样控制系统 sampling control system数字控制系统 digital control system频谱 frequency spectrum 采样定理 sampling theorem信号重现 signal recurrence拉氏变换 Laplace transformZ变换 Z transform终值定理 final-value theorem差分方程 difference equation迭代法 iterative method 脉冲传递函数 pulse transfer function 零阶保持器 zero-order holder映射 mapping方框图 block diagram伯德图 Bode diagram特征方程 characteristic equation可控性 controllability临界阻尼 critical damping阻尼常数 damping constant阻尼比 damping ratio初始状态 initial state初值定理 initial-value theorem反Z变换 inverse Z-transformation负反馈 negative feedback正反馈 positive feedback 尼科尔斯图 Nichols chart部分分式展开partial fraction expansion 幅角原理argument principle相对稳定性 relative stability共振频率 resonant frequency劳斯表 Routh tabulation/array奇点 singularity渐进稳定性 asymptotic stability控制精度 control accuracy临界稳定性 critical stability耦合 coupling解耦 decoupling比例积分微分调节器proportional integral derivative regulator(PID) 串联校正 series/cascade compensation 单输入单输出 single input single output(SISO)多输入多输出 multi input multi output(MIMO)低通滤波器 low pass filter非线性系统 nonlinear system复合控制 compound control衰减振荡 damped oscillation主反馈 monitoring feedback 转折(交接)频率 break frequency 稳定焦点/节点 stable focus/node。

自动控制原理_英文论文

Automatic Control Applications In the social life班级：学号：：Programmable controller to control watersupply systemConstant pressure water supply system for a certain industry or a particular user is very important, for example in certain production processes, if the tap water supply or short-time shortages due to insufficient water, which may affect product quality, serious product scrap and damage to the equipment. When a fire occurs, if the water pressure is insufficient or no water supply, no rapid fire, can lead to significant economic losses and casualties. So some of the water area with constant voltage water supply system, has great economic and social significance.Mechanical technologyOld pressurized equipment, General starts or stops usingconstant-pressure water supply pressurizing station exit of pumps and regulating valve opening is to be achieved. Control system is the use of relay-contactor control circuits, this line complex, difficult to maintain, and operate trouble, workers to guards on duty 24 hours, labor intensive. It is necessary to reform, improve the level of automation.Electrical technologyPresented to a tap water pressure station quick starting of constant pressure water supply control system, the FP3 produced by Matsushita programmable logic controller (PLC) controls with Advantech industrial computer monitor, high degree of automation, the whole program to work automatically, clearly shows the real-time status of each device, and automatically adjust the water pressure. The system also has a wide range of protection, such as water pressure alarm fault alarm, water alarm, valves, pump motor current flow and processing alarm processing and so on.System structure and control requirements of mechanical and electrical engineering technology network，Constant pressure water supply system consists of the main loop, the alternate loop of water supply,Composed of 2 water tank and pump house, as shown in Figure 1.Pumping station equipped with a 1# ~ 6# a total of 6 sets of150kW pumps. There is more than one (V1 ~ V23) electric valvecontrols the water circuit and the flow of water.Requires the constant pressure water-supply system has the following basic operating functions.Electrical technical machinery technolog.When municipal water pressure is higher than the setting pressure 21.56x104Pa, directly by the municipal water supply in electrical technology. When city water is lower than the set pressure, but under the pressure of not less than 7.84x104Pa when using direct pumping pressurized water supply solutions. Of progressively starting 2 pumps to pipe network pressure. When city water higher than the set pressure is detected, then converted to city water supply directly. When the tap water pressure is lower than 2.94x104Pa, or when there is a negative pressure signal exactly, should immediately convert water pressure, but should ensure that the pool water level above the minimum water level conditions. Mechanical technology.When pumping or pumping water pressure water supply is used, should be able to automatically adjust the water pressure for a given value of its total exports, control deviation is less than or equal to 10%. Electrical technologyCAD/CAM technologyDesign of PLC control system CAD/CAM technologyConstant pressure water supply system for detection and control of more is a large control system. According to its characteristics, we have chosen Panasonic FP3 programmable controller is a controller.The controller with it can programming sequence controller comparedto, has some obviously of advantages, as FP3 used has module ofdesign, can according to actual needs flexible assembled, usingconvenient, I/O distribution used free programming way; capacity big, program volume only by scan cycle limit, and scan cycle can in mustrange within itself change; has A/D, and D/A, and pulse output, andlocation control, senior unit, can achieved "shared memory"; additionalso some special of function. Mechanical technologyConstant pressure water supply system of PLC system structure isshown in Figure 1-dashed border. Industrial computer to monitor theentire system, the display shows the total pressurized systemstructure, read the real-time status of each valve and pump, waterpressure and flow rate, the valve opening, the pool water level andother parameters, and real-time display alarm and fault record.Electrical technologyBoth analog input and switch input. Analog by a/d module input,total 27 channels. There are 96 I/O points.CAD/CAM technologyMechanical technologyPLC software designElectrical technologyAccording to constant pressure water supply system operational requirements, PLC control system to monitor City tap water, and waterhas to decide whether to start the water pump, or direct waterpumping programme or by pumping pressurized water full solution. Control system the procedure is more complex. Electrical/mechanical engineering technology networkIn the control process, water supply and pressure regulation isan important and one of the more distinctive design, focusing onsoftware design of automatic constant-pressure function.Due to the large water system piping length and diameter, the opening and closing of the valve, pipe network pressure is slow, so the system is a system with large time delay. And because it is based on the old equipment transformation, to make use of existing equipment, it does not use speed regulator, instead of using the various methods to adjust the water pressure. First used segment regulation method, put hydraulic deviation is divided into four segment, that 10%, and 20%, and 30%, and 40%, dang detection to deviation smaller Shi, output of control volume (butterfly valve of incremental) smaller, and operation cycle also larger; In addition, when the deviation is less than or equal to ± 10%, coupled with the fuzzy control, according to d EK=EK-EK-1 to determine whether regulating butterfly valve opening, to further reduce the errors to ensure its error less than or equal to ± 10% requirements. Pressure is regula ted by multiple methods combination of outlet pressure can be satisfied with the effect. Electrical technical machinery technologyConclusionThe design of constant pressure water supply control system with PLC have successfully applied to an industrial zone, results showed that the system satisfies its design requirements, with convenient operation, high reliability, data integrity and monitor timely advantage and significantly reduce the labor intensity of workers, shorten the operating time, operators, maintainers, managers at home. The successful design of the monitoring system, as well as similar systems of old equipment modification to provide a good experience.。

自动控制原理2008(双语)chapter5

8
The Principle of Automatic Control 2008
5-1 Frequency characteristics
9
The Principle of Automatic Control 2008
Obtaining steady-state outputs to sinusoidal inputs
a AG( j) a AG( j)
2 j
2j
G(-jw) is a complex quantity, G( j) G( j) e jG( j)
A G( j) e j
a 2j
A G( j) e j
a 2j
G( j)
css (t)
A G( j) e j(t ) A G( j) e j(t )
2j
2j
A G( j) e j(t ) e j(t )
2j
css (t) A G( j) sin(t )
r(t) Asint
12
frequency characteristic / frequency response
The Principle of Automatic Control 2008
RC网络只允许低频信号通过,具有低通滤波器(low-pass filter) 的性质。
17
The Principle of Automatic Control 2008
A few conclusions from the example
• Physical meaning of FC:表示系统或环节对不同频率正弦信号的跟踪能力或复现能力。确定了在不同频率正弦信号作用下,系统或环节输入与输出的单值对应关系。 • Properties of FC: G(jw)只与系统或环节本身的结构参数有关,是系统或环节本身的属性,与输入信号和初始条件无关。 • 频率法就是利用稳态的频率响应，间接地研究系统的动态特性，从而避免了求解高阶微分方程的困难。

自动控制原理与设计第5版英文

自动控制原理与设计第5版英文Automatic Control Principles and Design 5th EditionIntroduction:Automatic control principles and design play a crucial role in various engineering fields, enabling the efficient operation of systems and processes. In this article, we delve into the key concepts and applications of automatic control, as outlined in the 5th edition of the book "Automatic Control Principles and Design."Chapter 1: Introduction to Automatic ControlAutomatic control is the use of control systems to regulate processes or machines without human intervention. It encompasses a wide range of applications, from simple domestic appliances to complex industrial systems. The chapter provides an overview of the basic principles and benefits of automatic control.Chapter 2: Modeling of Dynamic SystemsThe accurate modeling of dynamic systems is essential for effective control design. This chapter explores different techniques for modeling linear and nonlinear systems, including differential equations, transfer functions, and state-space representations. Real-world examples are used to illustrate the modeling process.Chapter 3: Time-Domain Analysis of Control SystemsTime-domain analysis allows us to examine the transient and steady-state responses of control systems. This chapter covers the analysis of first-and second-order systems, as well as higher-order systems. It also introduces the concept of system stability and the influence of system parameters on stability.Chapter 4: Frequency-Domain Analysis of Control SystemsFrequency-domain analysis provides insights into the behavior of control systems in the frequency spectrum. The chapter discusses transfer function analysis, Bode plots, Nyquist plots, and the relationship between the time- and frequency-domain representations of systems. Practical examples are included to enhance understanding.Chapter 5: Control System Design by Root Locus TechniqueThe root locus technique is a graphical method that aids in control system design. This chapter explores the construction of the root locus plot and its use in determining system stability, transient response, and controller design. Design guidelines and examples are presented to illustrate the application of this powerful tool.Chapter 6: Control System Design by Frequency Response TechniqueFrequency response techniques provide an alternative approach to control system design. This chapter discusses the design of compensators and filters using frequency response methods such as gain and phase margins and loop shaping. The advantages and limitations of this design approach are highlighted.Chapter 7: State-Space Analysis and DesignState-space analysis offers a modern and comprehensive framework for control system design. This chapter presents the concepts of state variables, state equations, observability, and controllability. The methods for state feedback control and observer design are also covered, along with their applications.Chapter 8: Digital Control SystemsThe design and implementation of control systems in the digital domain are covered in this chapter. It discusses the advantages of digital control, discretization of continuous-time systems, sampling and quantization, and various digital control algorithms. Practical considerations and implementation issues are addressed.Chapter 9: Introduction to Nonlinear Systems and ControlNonlinear systems present unique challenges in control design. This chapter introduces the basics of nonlinear systems and control techniques. It covers phase-plane analysis, describing functions, feedback linearization, and sliding mode control. Real-world examples demonstrate the application of these methods.Conclusion:The 5th edition of "Automatic Control Principles and Design" provides a comprehensive and up-to-date resource for understanding the principles and design techniques in automatic control. Through the exploration of different chapters, readers gain the necessary knowledge and skills to design effective control systems for a wide range of applications. This book serves as aninvaluable guide for students, researchers, and professionals in the field of automatic control.。

自动控制原理中英文对照

自动控制原理中英文对照Automatic Control Principles 自动控制原理Introduction 简介Automatic control principles refer to the principles and theories that govern the design, development, and implementation of automated control systems. These systems are used in a variety of fields, including manufacturing, transportation, aerospace, and more. The goal of automatic control principles is to create systems that can operate independently and make decisions based on the input they receive.自动控制原理是指掌握设计、开发和实现自动控制系统的原理和理论。

这些系统应用于各种领域，包括制造业、交通运输、航空航天等。

自动控制原理的目标是创建能够独立运作并根据所接收的输入做出决策的系统。

Types of Control Systems 控制系统的类型There are two main types of control systems: open-loop and closed-loop. Open-loop systems are those that operate without any feedback, meaningthat they do not adjust their output based on the input they receive. Closed-loop systems, on the other hand, use feedback to adjust their output based on the input they receive.控制系统主要有两种类型：开环和闭环。

自动控制原理专业词汇中英文对照

自动控制原理专业词汇中英文对照中文英文自动控制 automatic control；cybernation 自动控制系统 automatic control system自动控制理论 automatic control theory经典控制理论 classical control theory现代控制理论 modern control theory智能控制理论 intelligent control theory 开环控制 open-loop control闭环控制 closed-loop control输入量 input输出量 output给定环节 given unit/element比较环节 comparing unit/element放大环节 amplifying unit/element执行环节 actuating unit/element控制环节 controlling unit/element被控对象 (controlled) plant反馈环节 feedback unit/element控制器 controller扰动/干扰 perturbance/disturbance前向通道 forward channel反馈通道 feedback channel 恒值控制系统 constant control system随动控制系统 servo/drive control system 程序控制系统 programmed control system 连续控制系统 continuous control system离散控制系统 discrete control system线性控制系统 linear control system非线性控制系统 nonlinear control system定常/时不变控制系统 time-invariant control system 时变控制系统 time-variant control system 稳定性 stability快速性 rapidity准确性 accuracy数学模型 mathematical model微分方程 differential equation非线性特性 nonlinear characteristic线性化处理 linearization processing泰勒级数 Taylor series传递函数 transfer function比例环节 proportional element积分环节 integrating element一阶惯性环节 first order inertial element二阶惯性环节 second order inertial element二阶震荡环节 second order oscillation element 微分环节 differentiation element一阶微分环节 first order differentiation element二阶微分环节 second order differentiation element 延迟环节 delay element动态结构图 dynamic structure block串联环节 serial unit并联环节 parallel unit信号流图 signal flow graph梅逊增益公式 Mason’s gain formula时域分析法 time domain analysis method性能指标 performance index阶跃函数 step function斜坡函数 ramp function抛物线函数 parabolic function /acceleration function 冲击函数 impulse function正弦函数 sinusoidal function动态/暂态响应 transient response静态/稳态响应 steady-state response 延迟时间 delay time上升时间 rise time峰值时间 peak time调节时间 settling time最大超调量 maximum overshoot稳态误差 steady-state error无阻尼 undamping欠阻尼 underdamping过阻尼 overdamping特征根 eigen root极点 pole零点 zero实轴 real axis虚轴 imaginary axis 稳态/静态分量 steady-state component瞬态/暂态/动态分量 transient component 运动模态 motion mode衰减 attenuation系数 coefficient初相角 initial phase angle响应曲线 response curve主导极点 dominant pole 劳斯稳定判据 Routh stability criterion S平面 S plane胡尔维茨稳定判据 Hurwitz stability criterion 测量误差 measurement error扰动误差 agitation error结构性误差 structural error偏差 deviation根轨迹 root locus 常规根轨迹 routine root locus根轨迹方程 root locus equation 幅值 magnitude幅角 argument对称性 symmetry分离点 separation/break away point会合点 meeting/break-in point渐近线 asymptote出射角 emergence angle/angle of departure入射角 incidence angle/angle of arrival 广义根轨迹 generalized root locus零度根轨迹 zero degree root locus 偶极子 dipole/zero-pole pair 频域分析法 frequency-domain analysis method 频率特性 frequency characteristic极坐标系 polar coordinate system直角坐标系 rectangular coordinate system幅频特性 magnitude-frequency characteristic相频特性 phase-frequency characteristic 幅相频率特性 magnitude-phase frequency characteristic 最小相位系统 minimum phase system非最小相位系统 nonminimum phase system奈奎斯特稳定判据 Nyquist stability criterion 伯德定理 Bode theorem稳定裕度 stability margin幅值裕度 magnitude margin 相位/相角裕度 phase margin对数幅频特性 log magnitude-frequency characteristic 无阻尼自然震荡角频率 undamped oscillation angular frequency 阻尼震荡角频率 damped oscillation angular frequency 阻尼角 damping angle带宽频率 bandwidth frequency 穿越/截止频率 crossover/cutoff frequency 谐振峰值 resonance peak系统校正 system compensation超前校正 lead compensation滞后校正 lag compensation自激震荡 self-excited oscillation死区特性 dead zone characteristic饱和特性 saturation characteristic间隙特性 backlash characteristic描述函数法 describing function method相平面法 phase plane method 采样控制系统 sampling control system数字控制系统 digital control system频谱 frequency spectrum 采样定理 sampling theorem信号重现 signal recurrence拉氏变换 Laplace transformZ变换 Z transform终值定理 final-value theorem差分方程 difference equation迭代法 iterative method 脉冲传递函数 pulse transfer function零阶保持器 zero-order holder映射 mapping方框图 block diagram伯德图 Bode diagram特征方程 characteristic equation可控性 controllability临界阻尼 critical damping阻尼常数 damping constant阻尼比 damping ratio初始状态 initial state初值定理 initial-value theorem反Z变换 inverse Z-transformation负反馈 negative feedback正反馈 positive feedback 尼科尔斯图 Nichols chart部分分式展开 partial fraction expansion 幅角原理 argument principle相对稳定性 relative stability共振频率 resonant frequency劳斯表 Routh tabulation/array奇点 singularity渐进稳定性 asymptotic stability控制精度 control accuracy临界稳定性 critical stability耦合 coupling解耦 decoupling比例积分微分调节器 proportional integral derivative regulator(PID) 串联校正 series/cascade compensation 单输入单输出 single input single output(SISO)多输入多输出 multi input multi output(MIMO)低通滤波器 low pass filter非线性系统 nonlinear system复合控制 compound control衰减振荡 damped oscillation主反馈 monitoring feedback 转折(交接)频率 break frequency稳定焦点/节点 stable focus/node。

北航自控原理课件8(英文版)

2 n
1 n
2
n
When
n
, we have
A( ) 2
(8) first-order unstable component
1 G(s) Ts 1
G( j ) 1 Tj 1 1 (T ) 1
(
n
[0.10 0.2
0.3 0.4
0.6 0.8 1]
(5) Differential component
G( s) s
G( s) s 1
G( j ) j e
j

2
(6) First order differential component
G ( j ) j 1 ( ) 1 e
Example:
s 10 s 10 G1 ( s) , G2 ( s ) s 1 s 1
Magnitude plot
Magnitude of G1(j) (dB)
20 15 10 5 0 -1 10
10
0
10
1
10
2
Magnitude of G2(j) (dB)
20 15 10 5 0 -1 10
(1) The steady-state output of a control system due to a sinusoidal input signal. Consider the system output Y ( s) T ( s) R( s) . where
A R( s) 2 s 2
A( )e
where
A( )
2 n 2 n
j ( )

自动控制原理英文版

y
y 0 y
y0
df dx
x0
f ( x)
y k x
A
x
x 0 x0 x
Example 2.5 : Elasticity equation
F ( x ) kx
suppose : k 12.65; 1.1;
F ( x ) kx
'

operating point x0 0.25
1) Identify the output and input variables of the control systems.
2) Write the differential equations of each system’s component in terms of the physical laws of the components. * necessary assumption and neglect. * proper approximation. 3) Dispel the intermediate(across) variables to get the input-output description which only contains the output and input variables. 4) Formalize the input-output equation to be the “standard” form: Input variable —— on the right of the input-output equation . Output variable —— on the left of the input-output equation. Writing the equation—according to the falling-power order.

自控原理课件(英文版)分析

There is the need to know an accurate model of individual components.
1-4 types and Basic components of control systems.
Features of open-loop control
优点：简单，相对来说成本低缺点：对可能出现的被控量偏离给定值的偏差没有任何修正能力，抗干扰能力差，控制精度不高。
1-4 types and Basic components of control systems.
Open-loop Control System
R
U
C
Controller
被Pl控ant对象
Controller
Measurement U
n
Plant
C
The output of the open-loop system has no effect upon the input signal.
Reference input
Comparison
Controller
Feedback signal
Measurement
Plant
Output
1-4 types and Basic components of control systems.
Features of feedback control systems
Example: Furnace temperature control system
Switch
Heater
Furnace
Power
Command input Switch & Heater Controller