英语中的被动语态
高中英语知识点归纳被动语态的构成和用法总结
高中英语知识点归纳被动语态的构成和用法总结高中英语知识点归纳:被动语态的构成和用法总结被动语态是英语语法中的一种语态形式,用来表示动作的承受者与执行者的关系。
在被动语态中,句子的主语是动作的承受者,而动作的执行者通常被省略或放在介词“by”后。
在本篇文章中,我们将对高中英语中被动语态的构成和用法进行归纳总结。
一、被动语态的构成被动语态的构成通常有以下几个要素:主语 + be动词 + 过去分词。
1. 主语(Subject):被动语态的主语是动作的承受者,通常是句子中的宾语。
2. be动词(Auxiliary verb):be动词根据句子的时态、人称和数进行变化,代表不同的情况,包括am/is/are(was/were)。
3. 过去分词(Past participle):过去分词是动词的一种非谓语形式,通常表示动作的完成或被动。
下面是一些例子,展示了被动语态在不同时态和人称中的构成形式:时态 | 构成形式-----------------一般现在时 | am/is/are + 过去分词一般过去时 | was/were + 过去分词一般将来时 | will be + 过去分词现在进行时 | am/is/are + being + 过去分词过去进行时 | was/were + being + 过去分词现在完成时 | have/has been + 过去分词过去完成时 | had been + 过去分词二、被动语态的用法被动语态在英语中有着广泛的应用。
以下是几种常见的使用情况:1. 强调动作的承受者:被动语态可以突出句子中动作的承受者,使其成为句子的主要焦点。
例如:- The house was destroyed by the earthquake.(房子被地震摧毁了。
) - The book was written by a famous author.(这本书是由一位著名作家写的。
)2. 描述客观事实:当注重描述客观事实时,被动语态可以更加准确地传达信息。
高中英语知识点归纳被动语态的构成和用法
高中英语知识点归纳被动语态的构成和用法被动语态是英语语法中常用的一个句子结构,被动语态的构成和用法对于学习英语的学生来说非常重要。
本文将就高中英语知识点归纳被动语态的构成和用法进行详细解析,帮助学生更好地掌握这个语法结构。
一、被动语态的构成被动语态的构成由两部分组成:be动词的各种时态形式和过去分词。
根据主句的时态和语态,be动词的形式会相应发生变化。
1. 现在时态的被动语态构成方式:主动语态:主语 + 动词(to be) + 过去分词被动语态:主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词2. 过去时态的被动语态构成方式:主动语态:主语 + 动词(to be) + 过去分词被动语态:主语 + was/were + 过去分词3. 将来时态的被动语态构成方式:主动语态:主语 + 动词(to be) + going to + 过去分词被动语态:主语 + will be + 过去分词4. 现在完成时态的被动语态构成方式:主动语态:主语 + have/has + 过去分词被动语态:主语 + have/has been + 过去分词二、被动语态的用法被动语态主要用来强调动作的承受者,或表达客观事实,又或者在不知道或想隐瞒动作执行者时使用。
下面将介绍被动语态的常见用法:1. 及物动词的被动语态:及物动词是指需要宾语才能完整表达意思的动词,常见的及物动词有:write, read, eat, drink等。
在被动语态中,及物动词的宾语变成主语,而原来的主语则成为介词"by"引导的短语。
例句:Active: John wrote a letter.(约翰写了一封信。
)Passive: A letter was written by John.(一封信被约翰写了。
)2. 不及物动词的被动语态:不及物动词是指没有宾语的动词,如:arrive, come, go等。
这类动词在被动语态中的主语仍然是动作的承受者,同样需要使用be动词的相应时态形式和过去分词构成。
英语知识 被动语态构成及用法详解
被动语态构成及用法详解一、被动语态的含义英语中时态很多,但语态不多,只有两种,即:主动语态和被动语态。
所谓“被动语态”,相当于中文中常说的“被……”、“由……”的句式,如:“他的自行车被偷了“这座楼房是由他们建造的。
”二、被动语态的结构那么,英语中被动语态是怎么样构成的呢?请看下面的例句:His bicycle was stolen.The building has been built in 2000.通过上面的例句,可以看出,“被动语态”的构成是:be +过去分词+ (by+动作执行者)三、被动语态的运用什么情况下要用被动语态呢?一般地说,有下面几种情况:(1)不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要。
例如:①Paper is made from wood.纸是由木材生产出来的。
②The house is quite old. It was built in 1950.这座房子太旧了。
它是1950年建成的。
③He was wounded in the fight.A.be buildingB.buildC.be builtD.built5.以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序:应将主动句中的疑问代词改为介词by的宾语,但仍然放在句子开头。
例如:Who has broken the cup?(改为被动语态)fBy whom has the cup been broken?E.注意区别被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别:1)含义不同:被动语态强调动作,重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成;而过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景,表达人或事物的特征及所处的状态。
试比拟:The window is broken.窗子破了。
(系表结构)The window is broken by him.窗子被他打破了。
(被动语态)2)用法不同:过去分词作表语时可以被so, very, too等程度副词修饰,而被动语态那么不能用so, very, too修饰,而需用much, very much, so much, too much 修饰。
英语10种被动语态用法
3、主动语态和被动语态的名称完全相同,而且均有相对应的关系。比如:现在与过去
3)表示过去行时
am being done
is being done
are being done
4、过去进行时
was being done
were being done
1)在现在某一时刻或某段时间里正在进行的动作。
2)按计划安排在现在的将来发生的动作。
1)在过去的某一时刻或某段时间里正在进行的动作。
2)按计划安排在过去的将来发生的动作。
5、现在完成时
has been done
have been done
6、过去完成时
had been done
1)动作发生在过去,对目前有影响
(注:瞬间性动词的已完成用法)
2)动作发生在过去一直延续到现在,对目前有影响。
(注:延续性动词的已完成或未完成用法)
1)过去有两个动作,其中一个动作发生时,
9、现在将来完成时
shall have been done
would have been done
10、过去将来完成时
should have been done
would have been done
1)在现在的将来某一时刻之前完成的动作。
1)在过去的将来某一时刻之前完成的动作。
特别说明:1、主动语态和被动语态的用法完全相同
另一个动作已经完成。
(注:过去的过去,用过去完成时)
7、现在将来时
shall be done
will be done
8、过去将来时
should be done
would be done
七种被动语态形式
七种被动语态形式被动语态是英语中的一种语法结构,用来表达句子的主语是动作的承受者,而不是执行者。
在英语中,被动语态由助动词"be"和动词的过去分词构成。
下面是七种常用的被动语态形式及其示例:1. 一般被动语态(Simple Passive)一般被动语态用于表达一般的情况、事实或真理。
它的结构是:主语+ to be + 过去分词。
示例:- The book is written by a famous author. (这本书是由一位著名作家写的。
)- English is spoken in many countries. (英语在许多国家都是使用的。
)2. 进行被动语态(Continuous Passive)进行被动语态用于表达正在进行的动作。
它的结构是:主语 + to be + being + 过去分词。
示例:- The house is being built by a team of construction workers. (这幢房子正在被一队建筑工人建造。
)- The car is being repaired at the garage. (这辆车正在修理厂修理。
)3. 完成被动语态(Perfect Passive)完成被动语态用于表达已经完成的动作。
它的结构是:主语 + to have been + 过去分词。
示例:- The cake has been eaten by all the guests. (这个蛋糕已经被所有的客人吃掉了。
)4. 一般完成被动语态(Simple Perfect Passive)一般完成被动语态用于表达已经完成的一般情况、事实或真理。
它的结构是:主语 + to have been + 过去分词。
示例:- The job offer has been rejected by many applicants. (这个工作邀请已经被许多申请人拒绝了。
被动语态 英语有两种语态
被动语态英语有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态主动语态(The Active V oice)表示主语是动作的执行者。
被动语态(The Passive V oice)表示主语是动作的承受者。
构成:承受者+助动词be+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者一般现在时:承受者+助动词am / is/are +及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者一般过去时:承受者+助动词was / were +及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者承受者+助动词shall / will be+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者承受者+助动词have/ has been+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者承受者+ can /may/must/should +be+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者被动语态用法:1)当我们不知道动作的执行者是谁,或者没有必要指出动作的执行者时,需用被动语态。
2)当我们需要强调动作的承受者时,常用被动语态。
3)如果需要说出动作的执行者, 用by引导出动作的执行者。
主动语态变为被动语态时,其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致,其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。
主动语态变为被动语态时有以下几种情况:1)主语+谓语动词+宾语将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
(主动)We bought a book yesterday. (被动)The book was bought yesterday. 2)主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语将主动语态中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语。
多数情况下将间接宾语变为主语。
如果直接宾语变为主语时,间接宾语前要加介词to / for。
(主动)He showed me a book yesterday. (被动)I was showed a book yesterday. (被动)The book was showed to me yesterday. 3)主语+谓语动词+复合宾语含有一个由宾语加宾语补足语构成的复合宾语,变为被动语态时,将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语,宾语补足语保留不变,成为主语补足语。
英语语法:被动语态用法大全
英语语法:被动语态用法大全英语语法:被动语态用法大全概念语态(Voice)是动词的一种形式,用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。
英语的语态包括两种形式:主动语态(active voice)和被动语态(passive voice)。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,一般来说,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
巧记为:主动、主动、主去动。
Many people speak English.谓语:speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。
巧记为:被动、被动、主被动。
English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。
He opened the door.他开了门。
(主动句)The door was opened.门被开了。
(被动句)构成His bicycle was stolen.The building has been built in 2000.通过上面的例句,可以看出,“被动语态”的构成是:be + 过去分词 ( + by + 动作执行者) 形式被动语态由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成,强调动作是由什么人或什么东西而发出时,常用介词“by +行为发出者”,即be+done+by+行为发出者。
被动语态可用于各种时态,通过助动词be的变化来表示:1、一般现在时的被动语态. am / is / are + 动词的过去分词Our classroomis cleaned every day.This car is made in China.2、一般过去式的被动语态: was / were + 动词的过去分词His desk was cleaned just now.The station was built in 1928.3、现在进行时的被动语态: am / is / are + being + 动词的过去分词A new factory is being built in our city now.Some trees are being cut down in the park.4、过去进行时的被动语态: was / were + being + 动词的过去分词A new factory was being built in our city at that time.Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year.5、一般将来时的被动语态:(A) will / shall + be + 动词的过去分词(B) am / is / are + going to be +动词的过去分词.Some new factories will be built in our city this year.Your watch is going to be mended in an hour.6、过去将来时的被动语态:(1)would / should + be + 动词的过去分词(2)was / were +going to be + 动词的过去分词.She said that some new factories would be built soon in our city.He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour.7、现在完成时的被动语态:have / has + been + 动词的过去分词Some new factories have been built in the city since last year.Your watch has been mended already.8、过去完成时的被动语态:had + been + 动词的过去分词He said that some new factories had been built in the city.I didnt know that my watch had been mended .9、含情态动词的被动式:can/may/must + be + done(1)You must hand in your homework after class.Your homework must be handed in after class.(2)He can write a letter with the computer.A letter can be written with the computer by him.初中英语八大时态一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时现在进行时过去进行时过去将来时现在完成时过去进行时运用第一种情况:不知道动作的执行者,就是不知道谁干的Dan's bike was stolen last week. 丹的自行车上周被偷了。
英语语法被动语态知识点梳理
英语语法被动语态知识点梳理在英语语法中,被动语态是一个重要且常用的语法点。
理解和掌握被动语态对于准确、流畅地表达意思以及提高英语语言能力都有着至关重要的作用。
下面咱们就来详细梳理一下被动语态的相关知识。
一、被动语态的构成被动语态的基本构成是“be +过去分词”。
其中,“be”动词要根据不同的时态和主语进行变化,过去分词则保持不变。
比如,一般现在时的被动语态是“am/is/are +过去分词”,一般过去时是“was/were +过去分词”,现在进行时是“am/is/are + being +过去分词”,过去进行时是“was/were + being +过去分词”,现在完成时是“have/has + been +过去分词”,过去完成时是“had + been +过去分词”等等。
举几个例子帮助大家理解:“ The book is written by him ”(一般现在时的被动语态)“ The tree was cut down yesterday ”(一般过去时的被动语态)“ The problem is being discussed now ”(现在进行时的被动语态)“ The work had been finished before he came ”(过去完成时的被动语态)二、被动语态的使用场景1、不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者当我们关注的是动作本身而不是执行者时,就会使用被动语态。
例如:“The window was broken ”(不知道是谁打破了窗户)2、强调动作的承受者为了突出动作的承受者,会使用被动语态。
比如:“This song is loved by many people ”(强调很多人喜欢这首歌,而不是强调谁让很多人喜欢这首歌)3、出于礼貌或委婉在某些情况下,使用被动语态可以使表达更委婉、更礼貌。
比如:“It is suggested that you should come earlier ”(用被动语态比直接说“ We suggest that you should come earlier ”更委婉)三、主动语态变被动语态的方法1、把主动语态中的宾语变成被动语态的主语。
中考英语被动语态知识点整理
中考英语被动语态知识点整理在中考英语中,被动语态是一个重要的语法知识点。
理解和掌握被动语态对于我们正确运用英语、提高语言表达能力有着重要的意义。
接下来,让我们一起对中考英语被动语态的相关知识进行全面的整理。
一、被动语态的基本概念被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。
例如:“The book is read by me”(这本书被我读。
)在这个句子中,“the book”是动作“read”的承受者,而不是执行者。
二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“be 动词+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
其中,be 动词的形式根据时态和主语的人称、数而变化。
1、一般现在时的被动语态:am/is/are +过去分词例如:“English is spoken all over the world”(英语在全世界被说。
)2、一般过去时的被动语态:was/were +过去分词例如:“The bridge was built last year”(这座桥去年被建造。
)3、一般将来时的被动语态:will be +过去分词或 be going to be+过去分词例如:“The sports meeting will be held next week”(运动会将在下周举行。
)4、现在进行时的被动语态:am/is/are + being +过去分词例如:“The problem is being discussed now”(这个问题正在被讨论。
)5、过去进行时的被动语态:was/were + being +过去分词例如:“The house was being painted when I arrived”(我到达时,房子正在被粉刷。
)6、现在完成时的被动语态:have/has been +过去分词例如:“Many trees have been planted by us”(我们已经种了很多树。
)7、过去完成时的被动语态:had been +过去分词例如:“The work had been finished before he came”(在他来之前,工作已经完成了。
英语被动语态语法讲解
初中被动语态语法讲解一语态分类英语动词有两种语态.,主动语态和被动语态.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者.如:They will build a new bridge over the river. 主动A new bridge will be built over the river. 被动汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动,而英语用:助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成.二被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上,其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样.以 give 为例,列表如下:一般现在时:am / is / are + done 一般过去时:was / were + done 一般将来时:shall / will + be done 一般过去将来时:should / would + be done现在进行时:am / is / are + being + done 过去进行时:was / were + being + done现在完成时:have / has + been + done 过去完成时:had + been + done 将来完成时:shall /will + have been + done 过去将来完成时:should / would + have been + done[注]被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时.三常见的八种时态中的被动语态1. 一般现在时:1People grow rice in the south of the country.2The school doesn't allow us to enter lab without a teacher.2. 一般过去时:1They agreed on building a new car factory last month.2The students didn't forget his lessons easily.3. 一般将来时:1They will send cars abroad by sea.2They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers.5. 现在进行时:1The radio is broadcasting English lessons.2 We are painting the rooms.6. 过去进行时:1The workers were mending the road.2This time last year we were planting trees here.7. 现在完成时:1Someone has told me the meeting might be put off.2He has brought his book here.四含有情态动词的被动语态:含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+ be+及物动词的过去分词”构成.1Youmust hand inyour homework after class.2Hecan writea letter with the computer.五被动语态的使用1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时,常用被动语态,这时往往不用by短语.“Mr. White, the cup was broken after class. ”2.突出或强调动作的承受者,如果需要说出动作的执行者,用by短语.These records were made by John Denver. The cup was broken by Paul.3.当主语既不是动作的执行者,也不是动作的承受者时,这时常用in +名词作状语,而代替 by短语.These cars were made in China.六主动语态变被动语态的方法1My auntinvitedmeto her dinner party. 主语谓语宾语→Iwas invitedbymy aunt to her dinner party. 主语谓语宾语2The schoolset up a special class to help poor readers.→A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school.1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语.2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be +过去分词,时态要与原句保持一致.3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语,放在被动语态里谓语动词之后,by短语可以省略.如果原句主语是地点名词,在被动语态中用in +地点名词作状语.七语态转换时所注意的问题1.把主动语态变为被动语态,其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致,其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致.We have bought a new new computer has been new computer have been bought.错误2.含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时,可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个不动,一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.I was given a present on my birthday.如果把直接宾语指物改为主语,则在间接宾语指人前加适当的介词,如上句还可以说:A present was given to me yesterday.注意:1.一般在下列动词后,常在间接宾语前用介词 to,如:bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell等.1 The book was showed to the class.2 My bike was lent to her.2.一般在下列动词后,间接宾语前用介词 for,如:build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing等.1 A new skirt was made for me.2 The meat was cooked for us.3 Some country music was played for us.3.由动词+介词或副词构成的短语动词,要把它们作为整体看,即把它们看成一个及物动词,介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉.这类动词有:不及物动词+介词,如: agree to, ask for, laugh at, operated on, listen to, look after, think of, talk about 等.The patient is being operated on. The problem is solved. It needn't be talked about.及物动词+副词:如:bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, think over, turn down, work out, turn out等.His request was turned down.The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather4.带复合宾语宾语+宾补的动词改为被动语态时,一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语,而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面.如:1 We always keep the classroom clean.→The classroom is always kept clean.2 She told us to follow her instructions.→We were told to follow her instructions.注意:在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to,但改成被动语态后都带to,这时不定式为主语补足语,也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to的问题.We often hear him play the guitar.→He is often heard to play the guitar.5.当主动句的主语是nobody, no one等含有否定意义的不定代词时,被动句中将其变为anybody,作by的宾语,并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态.如:Nobody can answer this question.误:The question can be answered by nobody. 正:The question can not be answered by anybody.6.当否定句中的宾语是anything, anybody, anyone等不定代词时,在被动句中应将其分别变为nothing, nobody, no one作主语,并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态.如:They haven't done anything to make the river clean.误:Anything hasn't been done to make the river clean.正:Nothing has been done to make the river clean.7.以who为主语开头的疑问句,变被动时,用by whom放在句首:Who wrote the story 误:Who was the story written 正:By whom was the story written8.有些动词既是及物又是不及物,当它们和well, badly, easily等副词连用时,表示主语内在品质或性能,是不及物动词,用主动表示被动,这时不用被动语态,常见的有:write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook等.如:1The cloth washes easily.这布很好洗.2The new product sells well.这新产品很畅销.对比:The books sell well. 主动句The books were sold out. 被动句The meat didn’t cook well. 主动句The meat was cooked for a long time. 被动句9.下列情况主动句不能改为被动句:第一,感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义,如:feel,look, seem, taste, sound, remain等.1—Do you like the material—Yes, it feels very soft. 误:It is felt very soft.2The food tastes delicious. 误:The food is tasted delicious.3The pop music sounds beautiful. 误:The pop music is sounded beautiful.第二,谓语是及物动词leave, enter, reach, suit, have, benefit, lack, own 等.如:He entered the room and got his book. 误:The room was entered and his book was got.She had her hand burned. 误:Her hand was had burned.第三,一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态:take place, break out, belong to, lose heart, consist of, add up to等.The fire broke out in the capital building. 误:The fire was broke out in the capital building.第四,不及物动词没有被动语态,如:rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等.When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen.误:The sun had already been risen.After the earthquake, few houses remained. 误:After the earthquake, few houses were remained.第五,宾语是反身代词,相互代词,同源宾语,不定式,v-ing形式及抽象名词等,不能变为被动句子的主语,如:I taught myself English. 误:Myself was taught English.We love each other. 误:Each other is loved.10.在汉语中,有一类句子不出现主语,在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示,例如:据说……It is said that …据报导……It is reported that …据推测……It is supposed that …希望……It is hoped that …众所周知……It is well known that …普遍认为……It is generally considered that …有人建议……It is suggested that …1 It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow.2 It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.。
英语语法:被动语态用法大全
英语语法:被动语态用法大全英语语法中的被动语态是我们常常用到的一种语句结构,下面就是我给大家带来的英语语法:被动语态用法大全,盼望能关心到大家!英语语法:被动语态用法大全概念语态(Voice)是动词的一种形式,用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。
英语的语态包括两种形式:主动语态(active voice)和被动语态(passive voice)。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
被动语态是动词的一种特别形式,一般来说,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
巧记为:主动、主动、主去动。
Many people speak English.谓语:speak的动作是由主语many people 来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。
巧记为:被动、被动、主被动。
English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。
He opened the door.他开了门。
(主动句)The door was opened.门被开了。
(被动句)构成His bicycle was stolen.The building has been built in 2000.通过上面的例句,可以看出,“被动语态”的构成是:be + 过去分词 ( + by + 动作执行者)形式被动语态由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成,强调动作是由什么人或什么东西而发出时,常用介词“by +行为发出者”,即be+done+by+行为发出者。
被动语态可用于各种时态,通过助动词be的变化来表示:1、一般现在时的被动语态. am / is / are + 动词的过去分词Our classroom is cleaned every day.This car is made in China.2、一般过去式的被动语态: was / were + 动词的过去分词His desk was cleaned just now.The station was built in 1928.3、现在进行时的被动语态: am / is / are + being + 动词的过去分词A new factory is being built in our city now.Some trees are being cut down in the park.4、过去进行时的被动语态: was / were + being + 动词的过去分词A new factory was being built in our city at that time.Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year.5、一般将来时的被动语态:(A) will / shall + be + 动词的过去分词(B) am / is / are + going to be +动词的过去分词.Some new factories will be built in our city this year.Your watch is going to be mended in an hour.6、过去将来时的被动语态:(1)would / should + be + 动词的过去分词(2)was / were +going to be + 动词的过去分词.She said that some new factories would be built soon in our city.He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour.7、现在完成时的被动语态:have / has + been + 动词的过去分词Some new factories have been built in the city since last year.Your watch has been mended already.8、过去完成时的被动语态:had + been + 动词的过去分词He said that some new factories had been built in the city.I didnt know that my watch had been mended .9、含情态动词的被动式:can/may/must + be + done(1)You must hand in your homework after class.Your homework must be handed in after class.(2)He can write a letter with the computer.A letter can be written with the computer by him.学校英语八大时态一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时现在进行时过去进行时过去将来时现在完成时过去进行时运用第一种状况:不知道动作的执行者,就是不知道谁干的Dans bike was stolen last week. 丹的自行车上周被偷了。
(完整版)英语语法之被动语态
被动语态一、什么是被动语态?英语中时态很多,但语态不多,只有两种,即:主动语态和被动语态。
所谓“被动语态”,相当于中文中常说的“被……”、“由……”的句式,如:“他的自行车被偷了。
”,“这座楼房是由他们建造的.”二、动语态的运用(1)不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要。
例如:Paper is made from wood。
(纸是由木材生产出来的。
)The house is quite old。
It was built in 1950. (这座房子太旧了。
它是1950年建成的。
)He was wounded in the fight. (他在战斗在受伤了.)Electricity is used to run machines. (电是用来开动机器的。
)(2)需要强调动作的对象时。
例如:Calculator can't be used in the maths exam。
(计算器不能用于数学考试.)Books and newspapers in the reading room mustn’t be taken away. (阅览室的书籍和报纸不准带走。
)He was awarded first prize in that contest。
(他在比赛中获得了第一。
)(3)为了使语气婉转,避免提到是谁做的这件事。
例如:The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month。
(新实验室必须在下个月底前完工.)三、各种时态的被动语态举例一般地讲,被动语态可用于英语的各种时态.被动语态的结构为“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词(p.p)”。
被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变化来表示的,其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致。
其具体变化为:1、一般现在时的被动语态. am / is / are + 动词的过去分词Our classroom is cleaned every day.This car is made in China.2、一般过去式的被动语态: was / were + 动词的过去分词His desk was cleaned just now。
初中英语被动语态
初中英语被动语态1. 什么是被动语态?在英语句子中,动作的执行者和承受者通常是分清楚的。
当我们想强调动作的承受者,或者不想提到动作的执行者时,我们可以使用被动语态来表达。
被动语态是英语中表达被动意义的一种语法形式。
2. 被动语态的构成被动语态由be动词的不同形式加上主动语态的过去分词构成。
具体构成形式如下:be动词 + 过去分词不同的时态和人称搭配使用不同的be动词形式,以下是一些常用的被动语态表达形式:•一般现在时的被动语态:am/is/are + 过去分词•一般过去时的被动语态:was/were + 过去分词•现在进行时的被动语态:am/is/are being + 过去分词•现在完成时的被动语态:have/has been + 过去分词•过去完成时的被动语态:had been + 过去分词•将来进行时的被动语态:will be + 过去分词•情态动词+被动语态:情态动词 + be动词形式 + 过去分词3. 被动语态的用法3.1 强调动作的承受者被动语态可以用来强调动作的承受者。
例如:•Active: Tom ate the cake.•Passive: The cake was eaten by Tom.在被动语态中,the cake成为主语,强调了动作的承受者Tom。
3.2 隐藏动作执行者有时候我们并不关心或不知道动作的执行者是谁,此时可以使用被动语态来隐藏动作执行者。
例如:•Active: Someone has broken the window.•Passive: The window has been broken.在被动语态中,动作执行者被省略或者用词组someone替代,从而隐藏了动作的执行者。
3.3 对于普遍真理或一般情况的陈述被动语态也可以用来表达普遍真理或一般情况下的陈述。
例如:•Active: We use computers every day.•Passive: Computers are used every day.在被动语态中,强调了computers作为主语,在每天都使用的情况下。
英语被动语态
英语被动语态概念:被动语态是表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子。
主动语态与被动语态可以相互转换。
转换方法包括将主动语态的宾语作为被动语态的主语,谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”,并通过be的变化来表达不同的时态,以及将主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。
被动语态的一般疑问句是将助动词置于主语之前,否定句是在第一个助动词后加not,特殊疑问句的语序为疑问词+一般疑问句。
被动语态的使用包括当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时,常用被动语态,这时往往不用by短语;突出或强调动作的承受者时,如果需要说出动作的执行者,用by短语;当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者,也不是动作的承受者时,常用in+名词作状语代替by短语。
在不同的时态中,主动语态和被动语态的表达方式不同。
例如,一般现在时的主动语态为am/is/are+P.P。
被动语态为Do they speak French?和They don't use the room。
一般过去时的主动语态为过去式,被动语态为The XXX。
现在完成时的主动语态为have/has+P.P。
被动语态为Have they been invitedto the party?和The book has been read by many people.A XXX XXX last year。
French is spoken by them。
The room is not used by them。
A new bridge is being built。
He isXXX the plan at that time。
She has learned many English words。
He has finished the work。
They have solved the problem。
Wehad told him the news by then。
初中英语知识点归纳常用的被动语态和被动语态句型
初中英语知识点归纳常用的被动语态和被动语态句型被动语态是英语语法中的重要内容之一。
在句子中,被动语态可用于强调动作的承受者,或者当我们的关注点是动作的执行者时。
本文将对常用的被动语态和被动语态句型进行归纳总结。
一、被动语态的构成及用法1. 构成:be动词(am/is/are/was/were)+过去分词(-ed结尾或不规则形式)2. 用法:强调承受动作的对象,或者当对动作进行描述时。
例如:Active: The cat chased the mouse.Passive: The mouse was chased by the cat.二、常用的被动语态句型1. 一般现在时被动语态结构:am/is/are + 过去分词用法:描述经常发生的动作或者普遍真理。
例如:Active: They build houses in this area.Passive: Houses are built in this area.2. 一般过去时被动语态结构:was/were + 过去分词用法:描述过去某个时间发生的动作或事件。
例如:Active: He repaired the car yesterday.Passive: The car was repaired by him yesterday.3. 现在进行时被动语态结构:am/is/are being + 过去分词用法:描述现在正在进行的动作或事件。
例如:Active: They are building a new bridge.Passive: A new bridge is being built by them.4. 过去进行时被动语态结构:was/were being + 过去分词用法:描述过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或事件。
例如:Active: He was writing a letter at that time.Passive: A letter was being written by him at that time.5. 现在完成时被动语态结构:has/have been + 过去分词用法:表达过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
英语被动语态
英语被动语态一、什么是被动语态?英语中时态很多,但语态不多,只有两种,即:主动语态和被动语态。
所谓“被动语态”,相当于中文中常说的“被……”、“由……”的句式,如:“他的自行车被偷了。
”,“这座楼房是由他们建造的。
”二、被动语态的结构那么,英语中被动语态是怎么样构成的呢?请看下面的例句His bicycle was stolen.The building has been built in 2000.通过上面的例句,可以看出,“被动语态”的构成是:be + 过去分词+ (by+动作执行者)三、被动语态的运用什么情况下要用被动语态呢?一般地说,有下面几种情况:(1)不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要。
例如:Paper is made from wood. (纸是由木材生产出来的。
)The house is quite old. It was built in 1950. (这座房子太旧了。
它是1950年建成的。
)He was wounded in the fight. (他在战斗在受伤了。
)Electricity is used to run machines. (电是用来开动机器的。
)(2)需要强调动作的对象时。
例如:Calculator can't be used in the maths exam.(计算器不能用于数学考试。
)Books and newspapers in the reading room mustnt be taken away. (阅览室的书籍和报纸不准带走。
)He was awarded first prize in that contest.(他在比赛中获得了第一。
)(3)为了使语气婉转,避免提到是谁做的这件事。
例如:The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month. (新实验室必须在下个月底前完工。
英语被动语态的构成
英语被动语态的构成被动语态是英语语法中的一个重要概念,它用于表达主语是动作的承受者而不是执行者的句子。
被动语态的构成是通过使用助动词“be”和动词的过去分词形式来实现的。
在本文中,我们将探讨英语被动语态的构成方式以及其在不同语境中的应用。
一、构成方式英语被动语态的构成方式为:be + 过去分词。
根据句子的时态和人称,助动词“be”的形式可能会有所变化。
下面是几个示例:1. 一般现在时被动语态:am/is/are + 过去分词例句:The book is read by John.(这本书被约翰阅读。
)2. 一般过去时被动语态:was/were + 过去分词例句:The letter was sent yesterday.(这封信昨天被寄出。
)3. 一般将来时被动语态:will be + 过去分词例句:The project will be completed next month.(这个项目将在下个月完成。
)4. 现在进行时被动语态:am/is/are being + 过去分词例句:The house is being built by a group of construction workers.(这座房子正在被一群建筑工人建造。
)5. 过去进行时被动语态:was/were being + 过去分词例句:The car was being repaired at that time.(那时候车正在修理。
)需要注意的是,过去分词的形式可能是动词的第三人称单数形式,也可能是不规则的形式。
在使用被动语态时,一定要注意过去分词的正确形式。
二、被动语态的应用被动语态在英语中被广泛使用,以下是几个常见的应用场景:1. 强调动作的承受者而不是执行者例句:The cake was baked by my sister.(这个蛋糕是我妹妹烤的。
)在这个例句中,我们强调蛋糕的承受者是“我妹妹”,而不是执行者。
2. 对具体执行者的不明确或不重要例句:The window was broken.(窗户被打破了。
英语语法:被动语态用法大全
英语语法:被动语态用法大全英语语法中的被动语态是我们经常用到的一种语句结构,下面就是小编给大家带来的英语语法:被动语态用法大全,希望能帮助到大家!英语语法:被动语态用法大全概念语态(Voice)是动词的一种形式,用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。
英语的语态包括两种形式:主动语态(active voice)和被动语态(passive voice)。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,一般来说,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
巧记为:主动、主动、主去动。
Many people speak English.谓语:speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。
巧记为:被动、被动、主被动。
English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。
He opened the door.他开了门。
(主动句)The door was opened.门被开了。
(被动句) 构成His bicycle was stolen.The building has been built in 2000.通过上面的例句,可以看出,被动语态的构成是:be + 过去分词( + by + 动作执行者)形式被动语态由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成,强调动作是由什么人或什么东西而发出时,常用介词by +行为发出者,即be+done+by+行为发出者。
被动语态可用于各种时态,通过助动词be的变化来表示:1、一般现在时的被动语态. am / is / are + 动词的过去分词Our classroom is cleaned every day.This car is made in China.2、一般过去式的被动语态: was / were + 动词的过去分词His desk was cleaned just now.The station was built in 1928.3、现在进行时的被动语态: am / is / are + being + 动词的过去分词A new factory is being built in our city now.Some trees are being cut down in the park.4、过去进行时的被动语态: was / were + being + 动词的过去分词 A new factory was being built in our city at that time.Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year.5、一般将来时的被动语态:(A) will / shall + be + 动词的过去分词(B) am / is / are + going to be +动词的过去分词.Some new factories will be built in our city this year.Your watch is going tobe mended in an hour.6、过去将来时的被动语态:(1)would / should + be + 动词的过去分词(2)was / were +going to be + 动词的过去分词.She said that some new factories would be built soon in our city.He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour.7、现在完成时的被动语态:have / has + been + 动词的过去分词Some new factories have been built in the city since last year.Your watch has been mended already.8、过去完成时的被动语态:had + been + 动词的过去分词He said that some new factories had been built in the city.I didnt know that my watch had been mended .9、含情态动词的被动式:can/may/must + be + done(1)You must hand in your homework after class.Your homework must be handed in after class.(2)He can write a letter with the computer.A letter can be written with the computer by him. 初中英语八大时态一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时现在进行时过去进行时过去将来时现在完成时过去进行时运用第一种情况:不知道动作的执行者,就是不知道谁干的Dans bike was stolen last week. 丹的自行车上周被偷了。
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英语中的被动语态摘要:英语中使用被动语态非常广泛。
本文分析了被动语态的形式和结构 ,以例子说明在什么情况下需要使用被动语态 ,同时阐述了学习英语被动语态应注意的几个问题。
英语中使用被动语态非常广泛 ,在许多汉语中一般都不用被动语态的情况下 ,英语中必须或者最好使用被动语态。
如:This computer was used by my father.这台计算机是我爸用过的。
如果译成“这台计算机是被我爸用过的” ,那就不符合汉语的表达习惯了。
那么 ,究竟在什么情况下使用被动语态呢 ? 在使用的时候又应该注意哪些问题 ? 根据教学经验 ,下面我们举出一些例子 ,帮助英语学习者正确使用被动语态。
一、被动语态的形式和结构1.适用场合:人们在发表自己的发现、发明和意见时 ,在介绍分析、推理、总结的过程时 ,在说明事物的性质、特征、状态、用途、工作原理时 ,总想尽量做到客观、公正 ,有意识地避免使用 I、We ,以免主观、武断和强加于人 ,这时常常用“物” 作主语或者使用 It 作主语 ,谓语使用被动语态。
2.英语被动语态的结构:是由助动词 be加及物动词的过去分词构成 ,其时态是通过 be 的变化形式体现出来的。
英语的被动语态常用的时态有:一般现在时is.am.are+done. 一般过去时was.were+done、一般将来时will be +done、过去将来wouild be +done 现在进行时is.am.are+being +done、过去进行时was.were +being+done、现在完成时have/has +been+ done过去完成时had been+done等。
Can/must/may/should/shall/will +be +done ought to be done/have/has/to be done,is.are going to be done.二、在几种情况下需要使用被动语态1.当我们不知道或者没有必要说明动作执行者是谁的时候(这时都不带由 by引起的短语) ,用被动语态。
(1) Such books are writ ten for the teachers.这种书是为教师写的。
(2) The typewriter has not been used for ten years.这台打字机已经有 10 年不用了。
(3) My cellphone was stolen this morning.我的手机今天上午被盗了。
2.动作的承受者是谈话的中心或者特别需要强调的情况下(这时可以带有 by引起的短语) 。
(1) This school is run by him.这间学校是他办的。
(2) The lathe was designed by themselves.这台车床是他们自己设计的。
(3) The TV set has been cleaned.这台电视机擦干净了。
3.在动作执行者不言自明的情况下使用被动语态。
(1) A book of reference in the library must not be taken away.阅览室的图书不准带出。
(2) The mobile phone can not be used in class.课堂上不能使用手机。
(3) The wine is not touched when driving.开车时不要喝酒。
4.在为了委婉、礼貌而不愿或不便说出动作的执行者的情况下 ,使用被动语态。
(1) Enough has been said just now about the question. 关于这个问题 ,刚才谈很多了。
(2) He is expected to study english hard.希望他要努力学习英语。
(3) Y ou are advised to reform and open.建议你们要改革开放。
(4)you are welcomed to speak here. 欢迎你来这儿讲话。
(5)Everyone is asked to be on time.大家要按时到达。
(6)It is said that Edison invented the telepfone.5.使用被动语态后可以更好地安排句子的情况下 ,使用被动语态。
(1) Principal often speaks to his schoolmates and is always listened to with enthusiasm.校长经常和同学们谈话 ,同学们总是热心地听他讲。
如果说“Princ ipal often speaks to his schoolmates and his schoolmates always listen to him withen2thusiasm” ,句子就显得罗嗦、紊乱。
(2) The plan was especially supported by those who wishedto have more chance to operate a computer.这个计划尤其得到那些想有更多的机会学习电脑的人的支持。
“those” 带有一个定语从句 ,用它作主语 ,就会和谓语离得太远。
(3) He has done a lot of good deeds and should be praised.(4)There is a tall building on the coast, which was put up in the 19th.6.在公告、通知、新闻、招工启示、广告中常见。
三、学习被动语态时应注意几个问题1. “be +及物动词的过去分词” 的结构不一定都是被动语态。
比较下面两对句子:(1) ①My washing machine is broken.我的洗衣机坏了。
②This f ridge was broken by my brother.这台电冰箱是我的弟弟打烂的。
(2) ①The field is covered with /bysnow.田野上一片积雪。
②This question has not been covered yet .这个问题还没有谈到。
在上面这两对句子中, ①句的共同点是描写状态的 ,属于系表结构;而② 句中有动作的执行者或使用了完成时态等可以体现出动作的成分 ,因此是描写动作的 ,是属于被动语态。
2.在“be + 不及物动词的过去分词” 时 ,由于不及物动词不能带宾语 ,不具备变为被动语态的起码条件 ,所以它不是被动语态。
(1) The winter is gone.冬天过去了。
(2) The book that you are asking for is lost.你要找的那本书已经丢了。
(3) The banana is grown.香蕉成熟了。
(4) The story is well written.(5)The shop is closed at five .(6)Children are easily influenced.(7)Thechildren are well dressed on holidays.3.如果汉语的句子中有“被、挨、把、遭、受、给、让、由”等词汇的时候 ,使用英语被动语态。
(1)李明在班上经常受到表扬。
Li Ming is often praisedin class. (2)刚才小李在森林里受到了老虎的袭击。
Xiao Li wascome at by a tiger in the f roest just now. (3) 车把路挡住了。
The road is being stopped by thetrucks.4.汉语中如果有“是…的” 、“为…所” 、“予以” 、“加以”等词汇时 ,可以使用英语的被动语态。
(1)爱因斯坦的“相对论” 为大家所接受。
Einstein’ sTheroy of Relativity is accepted by everyone. (2) 空气污染必须予以控制。
Air pollution has to bestopped.(3)火箭是科学家制造的。
Rockets are made by scien2tists.5.在翻译英语被动语态句子的时候 ,如果汉语中采用被动语态显得别扭的话 ,应译为符合汉语的表达习惯。
(1) The novel was written two years ago.这部小说是两年前写的。
不要译成“这部小说是两年前被写的” 。
(2) The elevator was found electrified.当时发现电梯是带电的。
不要译成“当时电梯被发现是带电的” 。
(3) The bowl was used.这碗用过了。
不要译成“这碗被用过了” 。
四.下列动词用主动形式表示被动意义:last wash wear weigh mearure look seem appear feel sound taste smell sell write need want requie deserve be worth consist of (1)Books needs carefully reading/to be read.(2)The earthquake measures 9 degreesin Japan. (3) The hero deasered rewarding/to be rewarded .五.Get—done 结构表示1.状态2.突然性、偶然性。
(1)Three people got injured in the exposion.(2)Don’t stand in the sun,or you will get burnt.(3)They are going to get mayyied next week.。