虚拟语气完整用法

虚拟语气
一、用固定的情态动词表示的虚拟语气
1、 should +动词原形(有时省略should)
(1)用在动词如advise, request, require, suggest, urge,demand,
desire,command, insist, order, propose, recommend, 等后的宾语从句中。

例如:
1)They requested that we (should) send a invitation to their school、
2)He urged that he acquaint and apply the methods、
2、用在it is suggested,it has been decided, it is desired, it was proposed,it is required, it was ordered, it is necessary (essential, imperative, important, desirable) that等引出的主语从句中。

例如:
1)It is required that we (should) get everything done by tomorrow night、
2)It is imperative that the teachers (should) have a thorough knowledge of the subject they teach、
3、用在suggestion, motion, proposal, order, recommendation, plan, idea, requirement等引起的表语从句与同位语从句
例如:She drives her vessel carefully lest she should lost her way、
4.用在表示比拟的方式状语从句中
例如:He laughed as if he had never been happier before、
5.用在表示虚拟情况的定语从句中
例如:It is high time you stop bitting your child、
6.用在某些表示主观愿望的名词从句中
例1:I wish I were as tall as you、
例2:He insisted that we (should) catch up the first bus in the morning、
7.用在婉转的请求、建议、批评等句子中
例1:Could you hand me some pepper?
例2:You might have told me earlier、
例3:Hadn’t you better go and see you lover ?
8.用在表示祝愿的简单句中
例1:Long live world peace、
例2:May you best、
二.虚拟语气谓语动词的几种表现形式:
1.用于虚拟条件句中
虚拟条件句及其主句的谓语形式可归纳如下:
从句谓语主句谓语
与现在事实相反 were, did would (should, could, might) + v、
与将来事实相反 should do, would (should, could, might) + v、
(可能性极小) were+to+v、
与过去事实相反 had done would (should, could, might) + have done
例1:I could definitely see the final score if I had the time、
例2:How nice it would be if you could bring a gift、
例3:Thay might have arrived on time if the car haven’t broken down on the road、
如果条件从句中包含有were, had, should或could,有时可把if省略掉,但这时要把were, had, should或could放在主语前面(这种结构在口语中较少使用)。

例如:
1)Had we made (= If we had made ) adequate preparations, we might have made it、
2)Were there no gravity, we would be floating in the air、
3)Should it rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off、
2.用在含蓄条件句中
句子中,假设的情况不用条件从句表示出来,而就是用一个介词短语来表示,句子的谓语形式也可遵循表7的规则。

这种用法也常见于or, or else, otherwise 与but后面的分句中。

例如:
1)Without magazine, the world would be a dull place、
2)But for his help, they would have been dropped into the ocean、
3)She would have gone with us, but she didn’t have time、
4)He must have had an accident, or he would have been here then、
3.用在错综时间条件句中
有时候,条件从句表示的动作与主句表示的动作发生的时间并不一致,这时,谓语动词的形式要根据表示的时间来调整,这种句子可称作错综时间条件句。

例如:
1)If you hadn’t watched television so late, you wouldn’t be so sleepy now、(此句为时间交错的虚拟条件句,从句表示与过去事实相反的假设,主句则假设与现在情况相反)
2)If you were in shape, we would have allowed you to join them in the project、(从句表示与现在事实相反的假设,主句则表示一种与过去事实相反的设想)
4.用在wish后的宾语从句中
这种句子主要表示愿望,that常省略。

若指现在或将来的愿望,从句用过去时;若指过去没有实现的愿望,从句用过去完成时。

例如:
1)I wish I had learned to play tennis、(与过去事实相反)
2)I wish I remembered his phone number、(与现在事实相反)
3)I wish she would try again、(对将来情况的假设)
若wish 后的宾语从句中用would,可以表示请求,通常意味着说话人的不快或不满。

例如:
1)I wish you would help us、
2)I wish you would stop asking such silly questions、
5.用在if only感叹句中
当表示“但愿”,“要就是…就好”时,它的用法与wish基本相同,只就是更富有感情色彩,表示一时很难实现的愿望。

例如:
1)If only I knew what you wanted、
2)If only you hadn’t told him what I said, everything would have been all right、
6.用在以as if (as though) 引出的方式状语从句中
当表示过去想象中的动作或情况时,用过去完成时;当表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑时,用一般过去时。

例如:
1)The old couple loved the orphan girl as if she had been their daughter、
2)It seems as if it were spring、
7.用在某些虚拟的定语从句中
例1:He was the very person I should have been wished to see、
例2:It’s (high) time that we went to class、
9.用以表示说话人的主观愿望或选择,仅用在一些惯用句型的从句中
例1:I’d rather they came tomorrow、
例2:He’d rather I went to Fuzhou by sea、
例3:I’d just as soon you didn’t watch television this evening、
但had rather, would rather, would just as soon, would sooner等惯用语如用在简单句中,其后都用不加to的动词不定式。

例如:
1)I’d rather die than give up my principle、
2)I’d just as soon (would sooner) resign than take part in such dishonest deals、。