英语语法常用词语

English grammar terms often used 英语语法常用词语1．Parts of speech 词类

noun 名词pronoun 代词numeral/ ˈnjuːmərəl /数词adjective 形容词verb动词adverb副词article 冠词preposition介词conjunction连词interjection感叹词particle 小品词

2. Word building 构词法

conversion 转化derivation/ ˌderɪˈveɪʃn /派生affixation|æfɪkˈseɪʃən|词缀法prefix/ ˈpriːfɪks /前缀suffix / ˈsʌfɪks /后缀compound words 合成词3．Classification of nouns名词的分类

common nouns普通名词proper nouns 专有名词

individual nouns个体名词collective nouns集合名词

material nouns物质名词abstract nouns 抽象名词

countable nouns 可数名词uncountable nouns不可数名词

the singular form 单数形式the plural form 复数形式

the common case 普通格the possessive[pəˈzesɪv] case 所有格

the subjective case 主格the objective case 宾格

person 人称third person singular 第三人称单数

4.Classification of pronouns代词的分类

personal pronouns人称代词possessive pronouns物主代词

reflexive[rɪˈfleksɪv] pronoun反身代词

demonstrative[dɪˈmɑ:nstrətɪv] pronouns指示代词

interrogative [ˌɪntəˈrɑ:gətɪv] pronouns 疑问代词

conjunctive pronouns连接代词

relative pronouns关系代词

reciprocal[rɪˈsɪprəkl] pronouns 相互代词

indefinite pronouns 不定代词

5．数词、形容词、冠词

cardinal[ˈkɑ:rdɪnl] numerals 基数词ordinal [ˈɔ:rdənl] numerals 序数词fractional [ˈfrækʃənəl] numerals 分数词the comparative degree 比较级

the superlative [su:ˈpɜ:rlətɪv degree最高级The definite article 定冠词

the indefinite article 不定冠词

6．Classification of verbs动词的分类

national verbs实义动词link-verbs系动词

auxiliary verbs助动词modal verbs情态动词

transitive verbs 及物动词intransitive verbs不及物动词

regular verbs 规则动词irregular verbs不规则动词

the present forms现在式the past forms过去式

the participle分词the present participle现在分词

the past participle过去分词the infinitive 不定式

the gerund [ˈdʒerənd]动名词bare infinitive 不带to的不定式

7．Tense 时态

the present tense 一般现在时the past tense 一般过去时

the future tense一般将来时the past future tense一般过去将来时

the present continuous现在进行时the past continuous 过去进行时

the future continuous将来进行时the past future continuous过去将来进行时the present perfect 现在完成时the past perfect过去完成时

the future perfect将来完成时the past future perfect 过去将来完成时

the present perfect continuous现在完成进行时

the future perfect continuous 将来完成进行时

the past future perfect continuous过去将来完成进行时

8．Voice 语态、Mood 语气

the passive voice 被动语态the active voice主动语态

the indicative[ɪnˈdɪkətɪv] mood陈述语气

the imperative[ɪmˈperətɪv] mood 祈使语气

the subjunctive mood虚拟语气

9．Classification of adverbs副词的分类

adverbs of place 地点副词adverbs of time 时间副词

adverbs of degree程度副词adverbs of manner 方式副词

adverbs of frequency频度副词relative adverbs关系副词

interrogative adverbs疑问副词conjunctive adverbs连接副词

10．Members of the sentence句子成分

the subject主语the predicate['predɪkət]谓语

the predicative[prɪˈdɪkətɪv]表语the object 宾语the attribute定语the adverbial状语the appositive同位语

independent elements独立成分the direct object 直接宾语

the indirect object 间接宾语parenthesis [pəˈrenθəsɪs]插入语

the double possessive 双重所有格the formal subject/object 形式主语/宾语subject complement 主语补足语object complement 宾语补足语11．Classification of sentences句子的分类

declarative sentences [dɪˈklærətɪv]陈述句imperative sentences祈使句exclamatory[ɪkˈsklæmətɔ:ri] sentences感叹句interrogative sentences疑问句general questions一般疑问句special questions特殊疑问句

alternative questions选择疑问句disjunctive questions 反意疑问句

tag questions 附加疑问句simple sentences 简单句

compound sentences 复合句complex sentences 并列句

elliptical[ɪˈlɪptɪkl] sentences 省略句preposition phrases 介词短语