英文疾病介绍——Hypertension
英文疾病介绍——Hypertension
Hypertension高血压病What Is Hypertension?➢Hypertension (HTN) is a chronic medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is elevated(提高的).➢High blood pressure (also called hypertension) is a serious illness that affects nearly 65 million adults in the United States. High blood pressure is often called a "silent killer" because many people have it but don't know it. Over time, people who do not get treated for high blood pressure can get very sick or even die. DiagnosisBlood pressure readings are usually given as two numbers -- for example, 120 over 80 (written as 120/80 mmHg). One or both of these numbers can be too high.The top number is called the systolic blood pressure, and the bottom number is called the diastolic blood pressure.•Normal blood pressure is when your blood pressure is lower than 120/80 mmHg most of the time.•High blood pressure (hypertension) is when your blood pressure is 140/90 mmHg or above most of the time.•If your blood pressure numbers are 120/80 or higher, but below 140/90, it is called pre-hypertension.Classification Of HypertensionHypertension is classified as either primary (essential) hypertension or secondary hypertension; about 90–95% of cases are categorized as "primary hypertension" which means high blood pressure with no obvious underlying medical cause. The remaining 5–10% of cases (secondary hypertension) are caused by other conditions that affect the kidneys, arteries, heart or endocrine system.Causes Of Hypertension➢Genes(遗传因素)➢Diet(膳食因素)➢Social And Mental Condition(社会心理应激因素)Stress(压力)Anger(愤怒)Frightened(惊吓)➢Others(其它因素)Obesity([əʊˈbi:sɪti:]肥胖症)Smoke(吸烟)Older Age(老龄)Inactivity(缺乏锻炼)Race(种族)Who is at risk?➢Anyone can have high blood pressure. Some people are more likely to have high blood pressure including:•African Americans(more sensitive to salt)•People over age 55•People with a family history of high blood pressure➢Your chances of having high blood pressure are higher if you:•Are overweight, Eat foods high in salt•Do not get regular exercise, Smoke•Drink alcohol heavily,•Under Stress, anger, frightened or sad in a long time. Hypertension SymptomsHigh blood pressure is sometimes called a silent killer(无症状杀伤者) because it may have no outward symptoms for years (可能没有外在症状长达数年).In fact, one in five people with the condition don‘t know they have it. Internally([ɪnˈtɜ:nəlɪ],在体内地), it can quietly damage the heart, lungs, blood vessels, brain, and kidneys if left untreated. It’s a major risk factor for strokes(中风/脑卒中) and heart attacks(心脏病). Pathological Changes(病变)高血压性心脏病:Left ventricle in hypertensive heart disease. 左心室壁明显增厚Primary granular([ˈgrænjələ],颗粒状的) atrophy([ˈætrəfi:],萎缩) of the kidney(原发性颗粒性固缩肾):with clearly recognizable granular surface of the kidney. (肾表面出现清晰可辨的颗粒物) Arteriolar([ɑ:ˌtiəriˈəulə],小动脉的) nephrosclerosis([ˌnefrəˌskliəˈr əusis])(细动脉性肾硬化):Severe arteriolar nephrosclerosis(严重细动脉性肾硬化). Nodular([ˈnɔdjulə])(结节性)hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage(高血压病脑出血):Internalcapsule(内囊) or Basal ganglia([ˈbeisəl] [ˈɡæŋɡliə],基底神经节) instead of blood clots(被血凝块代替).Hypertensive retinopathy([retiˈnɔpəθi],视网膜病变)(高血压性视网膜病变)Complications(并发症)➢When blood pressure is not well controlled, you are at risk for:•Bleeding from the aorta([eɪˈɔ:tə],主动脉出血), the large blood vessel that supplies blood to the abdomen([æbˈdəʊmən]), pelvis([ˈpelvɪs]), and legs(给腹部、骨盆和腿部供血的大血管) •Chronic kidney disease(慢性肾疾病)•Heart attack and heart failure(心脏病和心力衰竭)•Poor blood supply to the legs(下肢供血不足)•Stroke(中风/脑卒中)•Problems with your vision(视觉障碍)Treatment•The DASH Diet -- Dietary Approaches(饮食疗法) to Stop Hypertension -- involves eating more fruits, vegetables, whole-grain foods(全谷类食物), low-fat dairy(低脂奶), fish, poultry(禽肉), and nuts(坚果). You should eat less red meat(红肉), saturated fats(饱和脂肪), and sweets(甜食).•Exercise•Medications: Diuretics([ˌdaɪju‘retɪk])(利尿药)Beta-blockers(β-阻断剂) ACE Inhibitors([ɪn’hɪbɪtə(r)])(血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂) ARBs(肾上腺素能受体结合剂) Calcium Channel Blockers(钙通道阻滞剂)•Complementary Therapies(补充医学疗法):Yoga(瑜伽), tai chi (太极), and deep breathing(深呼吸)also help. Prevention➢Adults over 18 should have their blood pressure checked regularly. ➢Lifestyle changes may help control your blood pressure. •Exercise often. Eat foods low in salt.•Lose weight or keep weight at a healthy level.•Do not smoke. Limit alcohol.Medical words:Obesity([əʊˈbi:sɪti:]肥胖症)granular([ˈgrænjələ],颗粒状的) atrophy([ˈætrəfi:],萎缩) Arteriolar([ɑ:ˌtiəriˈəulə],小动脉的) nephrosclerosis([ˌnefrəˌskliəˈrəusis])(肾硬化)Basal ganglia([ˈbeisəl] [ˈɡæŋɡliə],基底神经节)retinopathy([retiˈnɔpəθi],视网膜病变) aorta([eɪˈɔ:tə],主动脉) abdomen([æbˈdəʊmən]) (腹部) pelvis([ˈpelvɪs]) (骨盆)Diuretics([ˌdaɪju‘retɪk])(利尿药)ACE Inhibitors([ɪn’hɪbɪtə(r)])(血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂)Therapy([ˈθerəpi])(治疗,疗法) Nodular([ˈnɔdjulə],结节性)。
疾病的英文单词
疾病的英文单词
疾病(disease)是指人体或其他有机体内部或外部的一种或多种异常状态,通常具有特定的症状和体征,会导致健康的丧失,对生命构成威胁。
以下是一些常见疾病的英文单词:
•Cancer - 癌症
•Diabetes - 糖尿病
•Heart disease - 心脏病
•Stroke - 中风
•Alzheimer's disease - 阿尔茨海默病
•Asthma - 哮喘
•Obesity - 肥胖症
•Arthritis - 关节炎
•Influenza - 流感
•Hepatitis - 肝炎
这仅仅是一小部分常见疾病的英文单词,实际上还有很多其他疾病如高血压(Hypertension)、哮喘(Bronchitis)、骨质疏松症(Osteoporosis)、抑郁症(Depression)等等。
了解疾病的英文单词可以帮助我们更好地理解和学习医学知识,对于医学相关的学习和交流非常重要。
高血压常用术语一览
高血压常用术语一览高血压,也被称为高血压症,是指人体动脉血压持续增高的一种常见病症。
它是全球范围内引起心脑血管疾病死亡的主要原因之一。
了解高血压的常用术语对于预防和管理高血压症非常重要。
本文将为您介绍一些常用的高血压术语,帮助您更好地理解和应对这一疾病。
1. 血压(Blood pressure)血液在动脉内流动时对动脉壁施加的压力。
血压通常由两个数值表示,收缩压和舒张压。
2. 收缩压(Systolic pressure)心脏收缩时动脉内的最高压力。
它通常在测量血压时被记录为较高的一个数值。
3. 舒张压(Diastolic pressure)心脏舒张时动脉内的最低压力。
它通常在测量血压时被记录为较低的一个数值。
4. 高血压(Hypertension)血压持续增高,超过正常范围的状况。
通常根据世界卫生组织(WHO)的定义,收缩压≥140mmHg和/或舒张压≥90mmHg被诊断为高血压。
5. 高血压危险因素(Hypertension risk factors)导致高血压的一些常见因素,包括家族遗传、肥胖、饮食高盐、不健康的生活方式、糖尿病、高胆固醇、年龄等。
6. 原发性高血压(Primary hypertension)原因不明的高血压,约占所有高血压病例的90%以上。
7. 继发性高血压(Secondary hypertension)由其他疾病或药物引起的高血压。
它可能是由肾脏疾病、内分泌紊乱、妊娠、药物等引起。
8. 青年高血压(Youth hypertension)指少年和年轻成人患有高血压。
对于该年龄段的个体来说,高血压可能与遗传、肥胖、生活习惯等有关。
9. 怀孕期高血压(Gestational hypertension)妊娠期出现的高血压症状。
这可能会对母亲和胎儿的健康产生不利影响。
10. 高血压并发症(Complications of hypertension)如果高血压没有得到控制,可能导致一系列严重的并发症,如心脏病、脑卒中、肾脏病、视网膜病变等。
英文疾病介绍——Hypertension(高血压病)PPT课件
Who is at risk?
➢Your chances of having high blood pressure are higher if you:
• Are overweight • Eat foods high in salt • Do not get regular exercise • Smoke • Drink alcohol heavily • Under Stress,anger,frightened or
Diagnosis
systolic blood
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Classification Of Hypertension
➢Hypertension
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关于健康问题的英语单词
关于健康问题的英语单词### List of Health Conditions in English and Chinese. Cardiovascular Diseases.Angina 心绞痛。
Arrhythmia 心律失常。
Atherosclerosis 动脉粥样硬化症。
Coronary artery disease 冠状动脉疾病。
Heart attack 心脏病发作。
Heart failure 心力衰竭。
Hypertension 高血压。
Stroke 中风。
Respiratory Diseases.Asthma 哮喘。
Bronchitis 支气管炎。
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 慢性阻塞性肺疾病。
Emphysema 肺气肿。
Influenza 流感。
Lung cancer 肺癌。
Pneumonia 肺炎。
Tuberculosis 结核病。
Gastrointestinal Diseases.Cirrhosis 肝硬化。
Colitis 结肠炎。
Constipation 便秘。
Crohn's disease 克罗恩病。
Diarrhea 腹泻。
Gallstones 胆结石。
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) 胃食管反流病。
Hemorrhoids 痔疮。
Hepatitis 肝炎。
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) 肠易激综合征。
Peptic ulcer disease 消化性溃疡病。
Neurological Diseases.Alzheimer's disease 阿尔茨海默病。
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) 肌萎缩侧索硬化症。
Brain cancer 脑癌。
Cerebral palsy 脑瘫。
Dementia 痴呆。
高血压
Name: Major: School:
1
Introduction
What Is Hypertension?
Hypertension (HTN) a chronic medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is elevated.
耗时降低
40%+
What is diagnostic criteria ?
systolic blood pressure≤120
diastolic blood pressure ≤ 80
Both of them
Normal blood pressure 正常血压范围 It is called Pre-hypertension 高血压前期
How to classify?
Hypertension
Essential Hypertension Secondary Hypertension 继发性高血压 原发性高血压(高血压病) 90–95% 5–10% ①primary or essential hypertension: high blood pressure with no obvious underlying medical cause.
(4)kidney:proteinuria(蛋白尿)、nephritis(肾炎)、 chronic renal failure(慢性肾衰竭).
(5)vessel damage: arteriosclerosis.
3
Cause
How to Cause?
①primary or essential hypertension: high blood pressure with no obvious underlying medical cause.
内科学英文课件:Hypertention
Classification of Hypertension
➢Hypertension
Essential Hypertension 原发性高血 压(高血压病)90–95%
Secondary Hypertension继发性
高血压
5–10%
①primary or essential hypertension: high blood pressure with no obvious underlying(潜在的,根本的) medical crtension: High blood pressure that is caused by another medical condition(医疗条件) or medication(药物).
➢Primary or Essential Hypertension
Benign Hypertension (Chronic Hypertension) 良性/ 缓进性高血压
Hypertention
What Is Hypertension?
Definition:(1)Hypertension (HTN or HT), also known as high blood pressure or arterial hypertension, is a chronic medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is elevated.
Epidemiology
In the US: • 70% of the hypertensives are aware that
they have hypertension • 59% are being treated • Only 34% have adequately controlled BP
英文疾病的介绍——Hypertension(高血压病)
• African Americans(more sensitive to salt) • People over age 55 • People with a family history of high blood pressure
but below 140/90
It is called
Pre-hypertension 高血压前期
Danger systolic blood pressure≥140 Zone diastolic blood pressure ≥90
Lead to
Hypertension
Either of them
② Secondary Hypertension: High blood pressure that is caused by another medical condition(医疗条件) or medication(药物).
➢Primary or Essential Hypertension
Benign Hypertension
sad in a long time
Hypertension Symptoms
High blood pressure is sometimes called a silent killer(无症状杀 伤者) because it may have no outward symptoms for years (可能没 有外在症状长达数年).
Diagnosis
疾病类的英文单词
疾病类的英文单词Diseases are a significant aspect of medical science and public health. They can range from minor ailments to severe conditions that require extensive treatment and care. Here is a list of some common disease-related English words:1. Influenza - A contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses.2. Diabetes - A chronic condition that affects the way the body processes blood sugar.3. Cancer - A group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells.4. Hypertension - High blood pressure, a condition that can lead to serious health problems if not managed.5. Asthma - A chronic lung disease that inflames and narrows the airways, causing difficulty breathing.6. Arthritis - A condition that causes pain and inflammation in the joints.7. Anemia - A condition in which there is a lack of healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen to thebody's tissues.8. Malaria - A life-threatening disease caused by parasites that are transmitted through the bites of infected mosquitoes.9. Tuberculosis - An infectious disease that mainly affects the lungs.10. Alzheimer's Disease - A progressive brain disorder that slowly destroys memory and cognitive skills.11. Parkinson's Disease - A neurological disorder that causes tremors and difficulty with movement, balance, and coordination.12. Hepatitis - An inflammation of the liver, often caused by a viral infection.13. Leukemia - A type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow.14. Pneumonia - An infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs.15. Epilepsy - A chronic disorder of the brain that leads to recurrent seizures.Understanding these terms is crucial for anyoneinterested in health and medicine, as they are frequently used in medical literature and discussions about health conditions.。
原发性高血压
疾病名:原发性高血压英文名:primary hypertension缩写:别名:essential hypertension;特发性高血压;原发性高血压病ICD号:I10分类:心血管内科概述:高血压病(hypertension)是指成人(≥18岁)在安静状态下,动脉收缩压≥140mmHg(18.7kPa)和(或)舒张压≥90mmHg(12.0kPa),常伴有脂肪和糖代谢紊乱,以及心、脑、肾和视网膜等器官功能性或器质性改变,即器官重塑(remodeling)为特征的全身性疾病。
本病可能有多种发病因素和复杂的发病机制所致,中枢神经系统功能失调,体液、内分泌、遗传、肾脏、血管压力感受器的功能异常,细胞膜离子转运异常,以及环境因素、生活习惯、社会因素等等均可能参与发病过程。
对于迄今原因尚未完全阐明的高血压,称为原发性高血压。
病因明确,血压升高只是某些疾病的一种表现的,称为继发性(症状性)高血压。
高血压的分类和分型:1.按病因分类 可分为原发性和继发性(症状性)两大类。
原发性是指经多方检查仍不能找到确切病因的高血压,约占高血压病的90%以上。
按其病情和病程进展速度,可分为缓进型(良性)和急进型(恶性)高血压。
临床上95%以上原发性高血压属于缓进型。
继发性高血压是指有明确病因的,血压升高只是某些疾病的一种临床表现。
我国继发性高血压按其发生率高低,依次为肾实质性、肾血管性高血压,肾上腺性和口服避孕药性高血压。
随着医学科学的发展,诊疗技术的提高,将会发现更多的继发性高血压病例。
临床上常见的继发性高血压的病因(表1)。
C D D C D D C D D C DD2.按血压水平分类 根据1999年WHO-ISH《高血压治疗指南》,高血压是指在未服用抗高血压药物的情况下,18岁以上成人收缩压≥140mmHg(18.7kPa)和(或)舒张压≥90mmHg(12.0kPa)。
根据血压水平可将血压分类如下(表2)。
根据美国1997年11月高血压全国联合委员会(JNC-VI)的建议,儿童及未成年人高血C D D C D D C D D C DD压分类如下(表3)。
英文疾病介绍——Hypertension(高血压病)ppt课件
英文疾病介绍——Hypertension(高血压病)
What Is Hypertension?
➢Hypertension (HTN) is a chronic medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is elevated(提高的).
In fact, one in five people with the condition don‘t know they have it. Internally([ɪnˈtɜ:nəlɪ],在体内地), it can quietly damage the heart, lungs, blood ve英ss文e疾l病s,介b绍r—a—inH,ypaerntednsiokni(d高n血e压y病s) if left untreated. It’s a major risk factor for strokes(中风/脑卒中) and heart attacks(心脏病).
Who is at risk?
➢ Anyone can have high blood pressure. Some people are more likeressure including:
• African Americans(more sensitive to salt) • People over age 55 • People with a family history of high blood pressure
Malignant Hypertension
(Chronic Hypertension)
(Accelerated Hypertension)
医学内容介绍英文作文范文
医学内容介绍英文作文范文英文:As a medical professional, I believe it is important to educate patients on various medical conditions and treatments. One of the most common conditions that patients come to me with is high blood pressure.High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, is a condition in which the force of blood against the walls of the arteries is too high. This can lead to serious health problems such as heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure.To manage high blood pressure, lifestyle changes such as a healthy diet, regular exercise, and stress reduction techniques are often recommended. In addition, medications such as diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and beta blockers may be prescribed.It is important for patients to understand the risksassociated with high blood pressure and the importance of adhering to their treatment plan. Regular check-ups with a healthcare provider are also crucial in managing this condition.中文:作为一名医疗专业人士,我认为向患者介绍各种医学疾病和治疗方法非常重要。
hypertensive词根
Hypertensive这个词根在医学和生物学领域中是一个非常重要的概念。
它源自于希腊语单词"hypertension",意思是高血压。
高血压是一种常见的慢性疾病,严重影响着全球范围内数以亿计的人们的健康。
在这篇文章中,我将从解释hypertensive词根的定义开始,逐步深入探讨与其相关的医学知识,包括危害、预防和治疗方法。
我也会共享一些我个人对高血压这一概念的理解和观点。
一、hypertensive的定义我们来了解一下hypertensive这个词根的定义。
在医学术语中,"hypertensive"一词通常用来描述与高血压相关的情况。
它可以修饰各种医学名词,如hypertensive crisis(高血压危机)、hypertensive medication(降压药)等。
当我们听到或阅读到以hypertensive开头的词语时,通常可以联想到高血压这一疾病。
二、高血压的危害了解了hypertensive这一词根的含义后,接下来我们应该深入了解高血压这一疾病的危害。
高血压是一种潜在的健康威胁,它会增加心血管疾病、中风、心脏病和其他健康问题的风险。
尤其是长期未经治疗的高血压,会对心脏、大脑、肾脏等重要脏器造成损害,甚至导致生命危险。
对于高血压患者来说,及时有效的治疗至关重要。
三、高血压的预防为了预防高血压带来的危害,我们需要采取一系列的预防措施。
首先是健康的生活方式,包括均衡饮食、适量运动、限制盐分摄入等。
其次是定期体检,尤其是年过四十的中老年人群,应每年进行一次血压检测。
避免不良的生活习惯,如烟草和酗酒等,也是预防高血压的重要措施。
四、高血压的治疗方法一旦被诊断出患有高血压,患者需要接受及时有效的治疗。
常见的治疗方法包括药物治疗和生活方式干预。
药物治疗通常包括降压药,例如ACE抑制剂、钙通道阻滞剂等。
改变不健康的生活方式,如减轻体重、戒烟、限制饮酒等,也是治疗高血压的重要手段。
高血压与亚洲人群的疾病特点
高血压与亚洲人群的疾病特点高血压(Hypertension)作为全球范围内最常见的代谢性疾病之一,对人类健康产生了重要的影响。
尽管高血压在全球范围内都存在,但是亚洲人群与其他种族的健康指标和疾病特点有所不同。
本文将探讨高血压在亚洲人群中的疾病特点,帮助读者更好地理解和预防高血压。
亚洲人群的高血压患病率普遍较高。
根据世界卫生组织的统计数据,东亚和东南亚地区的高血压患病率远高于其他地区。
这主要与亚洲人群的生活方式和饮食习惯有关。
亚洲人群普遍饮食偏高盐,高盐饮食容易导致血压升高。
此外,亚洲人群中肥胖和糖尿病的患病率也相对较高,这些因素都会进一步增加高血压的风险。
亚洲人群高血压的早期症状常常不明显。
相对于其他种族,亚洲人群普遍存在“假性低血压”现象。
这意味着亚洲人在测量血压时,常常会出现较低的收缩压和舒张压数值,但实际上他们的实际血压可能已经处于高压状态。
因此,即使亚洲人的血压值正常,在临床上仍需要格外关注血压的变化趋势,以及合并疾病的风险。
亚洲人群对降压药物的反应性不同于其他种族。
由于遗传和代谢差异,亚洲人群对某些降压药物的反应性可能较强。
例如,某些钙通道阻滞剂和β受体阻滞剂在亚洲人中的效果较其他种族更好。
而瑞舒伐他汀等他汀类药物对于降低血压的效果在亚洲人群中相对较弱。
因此,针对亚洲人群的高血压治疗方案需要根据个体情况进行个性化调整,以达到更好的治疗效果。
亚洲人群的高血压合并疾病风险较高。
高血压不仅是一种独立的疾病,它还会增加患其他心血管疾病的风险。
在亚洲人群中,高血压常常合并糖尿病、高血脂、肥胖等代谢性疾病,这些疾病之间相互影响,加剧了患者的病情。
因此,对于亚洲人群来说,预防和管理高血压需要综合考虑其他代谢性疾病的因素。
亚洲人群的高血压治疗需注意特殊情况。
在亚洲地区,特别是东亚和东南亚,存在一些特殊的治疗难题。
例如,华人和日本人中有较高的单纯收缩期高血压患病率,而在其他种族中则较为罕见。
此外,在一些亚洲国家和地区,中药治疗高血压的应用非常广泛。
医学常用中英文名称翻译
医学常用中英文名称翻译Medical Terminology Translation between Chinese and English随着全球交流的增多以及医学领域的发展,医学常用术语的准确翻译变得愈发重要。
医学领域的翻译涉及到丰富的词汇和特殊的用法,对于医生、研究人员和患者来说都至关重要。
本文将介绍一些医学常用中英文名称的准确翻译,并探讨其意义和用法。
一、疾病与症状(Diseases and Symptoms)1. 感冒(Gǎnmào) - Common Cold感冒是一种常见的病症,由于感染病毒而引起的鼻塞、咳嗽、喉咙痛等症状。
2. 高血压(Gāoxuèyā) - Hypertension高血压是一种常见的慢性疾病,特点是血压持续升高,容易导致心脑血管疾病。
3. 糖尿病 (Tángniàobìng) - Diabetes糖尿病是一种慢性疾病,由于胰岛素分泌不足或细胞对胰岛素不敏感而导致的血糖升高。
4. 癌症 (Áizhèng) - Cancer癌症是一类疾病的总称,由于细胞失控增殖而导致的肿瘤形成,可发生于人体的各个器官。
二、医学检查与诊断(Medical Examinations and Diagnosis)1. 血压检查 - Blood Pressure Examination血压检查用于测量体内的血液流动力,判断是否存在高血压等心血管疾病的风险。
2. X光检查 - X-ray ExaminationX光检查通过获取人体内部的影像来诊断和监测骨骼、肺部等器官的异常情况。
3. 胃镜检查 - Gastroscopy胃镜检查是一种通过导入胃镜来观察食道、胃和十二指肠等器官的内部情况的检查方法。
4. CT扫描 (Computed Tomography) - CT ScanCT扫描是一种医学影像技术,通过连续的横截面图像来获得身体器官的立体结构信息。
高血压(Hypertension)
并发症
■高血压脑病:重症HBP→血压过高→脑血流灌注过多→脑水 肿
以脑病的症状与体征为特点: 头痛、呕吐、意识障碍→昏迷,全身抽搐
并发症
■脑血管病:卒中:出血性卒中 缺血性卒中
■心力衰竭 ■慢性肾功能不全 ■主动脉夹层:卒死的病因之一
■冠心病:尽可能选用长效制剂 心绞痛者: 受体阻滞剂和长效CCB 心梗者:ACEI和 受体阻滞剂
有并发症和合并症的降压治疗
■心力衰竭:从小剂量开始 合并无症状性左室功能不全:ACEI和 受体阻滞剂 有心力衰竭症状者:ACEI/ARB、利尿剂和 受体阻滞剂联 合治疗
■慢性肾功能衰竭:通常需要3种或以上的降压药才能达到控制 目标水平 ACEI/ARB在早、中期能延缓肾功能恶化 血肌酐超过265umol/L或肌酐清除率<30ml/min者慎用
限盐或合用利尿剂使起效迅速和作用加强 能改善胰岛素抵抗,减少尿蛋白 ■适用:伴心力衰竭、心肌梗死后、糖耐量减退或糖尿病肾病 患者
血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)
■不良反应: 刺激性干咳,血管性水肿 干咳发生率10~20% 禁忌征: 高血钾症,妊娠妇女,双侧肾动脉狭窄, 血肌酐超过3mg者使用时需谨慎
发病机制: 尚未完全清楚
■不同个体间的发病机制不尽相同 ■不同阶段有不同的机制参与 ■血压正常生理调节的机制不等于高血压的发病机制 ■高血压始动机制很难确定
发病机制
■1.交感神经系统活性亢进: 各种原因→交感系统活性亢进→血浆儿茶酚胺浓度升高
→阻力小动脉收缩增强 药物: β-受体阻滞剂
发病机制
发病机制: 尚未完全清楚
高血压病【40页】
死伴肉芽肿形成。 (三)免疫反应性心肌炎
分类 (1) 继发性高血压: 又称症状性高血压 , 5%-10% (2) 原发性高血压(特发性高血压):是我国最 常见的心血管疾病之一
最多见,占90%-95% ◆原因不明 ◆多见30- 40岁以后 ◆男、女无明显差别
二、病因及发病机制
病因及发病机制复杂,尚未明了,多 种因素综合作用 (一) 危险因素:
心率和心缩力
体液因子
血管紧张素Ⅱ 前列腺素类
儿茶酚胺类 激肽类
血栓素
一氧化氮
白细胞三烯类 (舒血管因子类)
内皮素(缩血管因子类)
×
↓ 外周阻力 ←
↑
自动调节 离子(pH、缺氧)
α-受体激素 β-受体激素 (缩血管因子) (舒血管因型: (一)良性高血压:又称缓进型高血压,95%,
(2) 肾脏病变: ① 肉眼: 双侧对称性缩小、重量 变轻、质地变硬,表面布满 均匀的细颗粒,被膜不易剥 离,称原发性颗粒状固缩肾。 切面、皮质变薄,肾盂周围 脂肪增生。
② 镜下: ◆肾细小动脉硬化:入球小动脉玻璃样变,小叶间A,
弓形A管壁增厚 ◆部分肾小球萎缩、纤维化, 玻璃样变,相应肾小管亦
(4) 临床:
血压持续升高失去波动性,需降压药才能降低血压
3. 内脏病变期 (1) 心脏的病变: 早期:左心室代偿肥大,体积增大, 重量↑,400g以上,高度肥大者达800g, 左室壁增厚1.5 – 2.0 cm,肉柱、乳头肌 明显变粗,但心腔不扩张,称向心性肥 大 晚期:心腔扩张、心壁变薄,称离心 性肥大 以上改变统称高血压性心脏病
1. 扩张性心肌病,又称充血性心脏病
[全]各类疾病-英文名称总结整理
各类疾病-英文名称总结整理心血管疾病abnormal heart beat 心律不齐congestion 充血stroke 中风mononucleosis 单核白血球增多症high blood pressure 高血压leukemia 白血病heart attact 心脏病myocardial disease 心肌梗塞anemia 贫血Mediterranian anemia 地中海型贫血hemophilia 血友病septicemia 败血症angina-pectoris 心绞痛hypertension 高血压cardic failure 心率衰竭blood poisoning 毒血症sickle-cell anemia 链狀血球贫血varicose vein 静脉曲张atherosclerosis 动脉粥样硬化scurvy 坏血症angioma 血管瘤消化系统疾病indigestion 消化不良food poisoning (botulism) 食物中毒peritonitis 腹膜炎duodenal ulcer 十二指肠溃疡constipation 便秘sour stomachgastric hyperacidity 胃酸过多gastric ulcer 胃溃疡heart burn 胃痛gallstone 胆结石gastritis 胃炎enteritis 肠炎stomach convulsion 胃痉挛amebic dysentery 阿米巴痢疾appendicitis 盲肠炎piles 痔疮生殖系统疾病hernia 疝氣impotence 阳痿, 不举,性无能prostatic hypertrophy 摄护腺肥大症orchitis 睪丸炎spermatocystitis 遗精早泄leukorrhea 白带ectopic pregnancy 子宮外孕infertility 不孕症irregular menstruation 月经失调cervical cancer 子宫颈癌puerperal fever 产褥热ovary infection 卵巢炎vaginal inflammation 阴道炎painful menstruation 痛经postpartum hemorrhage 产后出血premenstrual 经前症候群breast cancer 乳癌呼吸系統疾病tuberculosis (TB) 肺結核pneumonia 肺炎lung cancer 肺癌pleurisy 肋膜炎asthma 哮喘pneumothorax 气胸phthisis 肺痨tracheitis 气管炎pulmonary physema 肺气肿bronchitis 支气管炎传染病COVID-19新冠肺炎Denque fever 登革热malaria 疟疾typhoid 伤寒tuberculosis (TB) 肺结核measles 麻疹cholera 霍乱polio 小儿麻痹症chicken pox 水痘athlete's foot 香港脚smallpox 天花leprosy 麻风病rabies 狂犬病, 恐水症scarlet fever 猩紅热typhus 斑疹伤寒pertussis 百日咳diphtheria 白喉dysentery 痢疾German measles 德国麻疹relapsing fever 回归热熱influenza 流行性感冒plague 鼠疫, 黑死病scabies 疥疮cerebral meningococcus 脑膜炎thrush 鹅口疮hepatitis B B 型肝炎food poisoning (botulism) 食物中毒脑神经疾病concussion 脑震荡migraine 偏头痛sciatic nerve pain 坐骨神经痛Parkinson's disease 帕金森氏症epilepsy 癫痫brain tumor 脑瘤neurasthenia 神经衰弱cerebral palsy 脑性麻痹cerebral embolism 脑栓塞cerebral bleeding 脑出血encephalitis 脑炎hydrocephalus 脑积水neuritis 神经炎neuralgia 神经痛遗传疾病mongolism, Down's syndrome 蒙古症, 唐氏症congenital heart 先天性心脏病PKU 苯铜尿症spina bifida 脊柱裂harelip 兔唇albinism 白化病眼科疾病color blindness 色盲cataract 白內障near-sightedness, myopia 近视眼glaucoma 青光眼far-sightedness, hyperopia 远视眼presbyopia 老花眼色弱trachoma 砂眼conjunctivitis 結膜炎keratitis 角膜炎night blindness, nyctalopia 夜盲症astigmatism 散光精神疾病insomnia 失眠manic-depressive psychosis 躁郁症senile dementia 老年痴呆症melancholia 忧郁症schizophrenia 精神分裂症postpartum depression 产后忧郁症hysteria 歇斯底里acrophobia 恐高症neurosis 精神官能症mental disorder 精神失常menopausal depression 更年期抑郁症paranoia 妄想症性病gonorrhea 淋病syphilis 梅毒AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 愛滋病chancre 下疳tricomoniasis 滴蟲病其他疾病Alzheimer's disease 阿茲海默症(老人痴呆症) tetanus 破伤风food-poisoning 食物中毒dropsy 水肿ulceration 溃疡calculus 結石armpit odor 狐臭hay fever 花粉熱sunstroke 中暑rheumatism 风湿arthritis 关节炎gou 痛风fracture 骨折dislocation 脫臼diabetes 糖尿病osteoporosis 骨质疏松症rheumatoid arthritis 类风湿关节炎sprain 扭伤allergy 过敏lead poisoning 鉛中毒urticaria 荨麻疹eczema 湿疹corns 鸡眼miliaria 粟粒疹〔痱子〕freckle 雀斑acne 粉刺herpes zoster 带状疱疹dermatitis 皮肤炎anemia, anaemia 贫血angina pectoris 心绞痛appendicitis 阑尾炎arthritis 关节炎bronchitis 支气管炎cancer 癌catarrh 卡他, 粘膜炎chicken pox, varicella 水痘cholera 霍乱cold 感冒, 伤风, 着凉(head) cold 患感冒diabetes 糖尿病diphtheria 白喉eczema 湿疹epilepsy 癫痫erysipelas 丹毒gangrene 坏疽German measles, rubella 风疹gout 痛风headache 头痛hemiplegy, hemiplegia 偏瘫, 半身不遂icterus, jaundice 黄疸indigestion 消化不良influenza, flu 流感insanity 精神病leukemia 白血病malaria 疟疾malnutrition 营养不良Malta fever 马耳他热, 波状热measles 麻疹migraine, splitting headache 偏头痛miocardial infarction 心肌梗塞mumps 流行性腮腺炎neuralgia 神经痛neurasthenia 神经衰弱paralysis 麻痹poliomyelitis 脊髓灰质炎rabies 狂犬病rheumatism 风湿病rickets, rachitis 佝偻病scabies, itch 疥疮scarlet fever 猩红热sciatica 坐骨神经痛sclerosis 硬化septicemia, septicaemia 败血病sinusitis 窦炎smallpox 天花swamp fever 沼地热syncope 晕厥syphilis 梅毒tetanus 破伤风thrombosis 血栓形成torticollis, stiff neck 斜颈tuberculosis 结核病tumour,tumor 瘤typhus 斑疹伤寒urticaria, hives 荨麻疹whooping cough 百日咳yellow fever 黄热病zona, shingles 带状疮疹。
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Hypertension高血压病What Is Hypertension?➢Hypertension (HTN) is a chronic medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is elevated(提高的).➢High blood pressure (also called hypertension) is a serious illness that affects nearly 65 million adults in the United States. High blood pressure is often called a "silent killer" because many people have it but don't know it. Over time, people who do not get treated for high blood pressure can get very sick or even die. DiagnosisBlood pressure readings are usually given as two numbers -- for example, 120 over 80 (written as 120/80 mmHg). One or both of these numbers can be too high.The top number is called the systolic blood pressure, and the bottom number is called the diastolic blood pressure.•Normal blood pressure is when your blood pressure is lower than 120/80 mmHg most of the time.•High blood pressure (hypertension) is when your blood pressure is 140/90 mmHg or above most of the time.•If your blood pressure numbers are 120/80 or higher, but below 140/90, it is called pre-hypertension.Classification Of HypertensionHypertension is classified as either primary (essential) hypertension or secondary hypertension; about 90–95% of cases are categorized as "primary hypertension" which means high blood pressure with no obvious underlying medical cause. The remaining 5–10% of cases (secondary hypertension) are caused by other conditions that affect the kidneys, arteries, heart or endocrine system.Causes Of Hypertension➢Genes(遗传因素)➢Diet(膳食因素)➢Social And Mental Condition(社会心理应激因素)Stress(压力)Anger(愤怒)Frightened(惊吓)➢Others(其它因素)Obesity([əʊˈbi:sɪti:]肥胖症)Smoke(吸烟)Older Age(老龄)Inactivity(缺乏锻炼)Race(种族)Who is at risk?➢Anyone can have high blood pressure. Some people are more likely to have high blood pressure including:•African Americans(more sensitive to salt)•People over age 55•People with a family history of high blood pressure➢Your chances of having high blood pressure are higher if you:•Are overweight, Eat foods high in salt•Do not get regular exercise, Smoke•Drink alcohol heavily,•Under Stress, anger, frightened or sad in a long time. Hypertension SymptomsHigh blood pressure is sometimes called a silent killer(无症状杀伤者) because it may have no outward symptoms for years (可能没有外在症状长达数年).In fact, one in five people with the condition don‘t know they have it. Internally([ɪnˈtɜ:nəlɪ],在体内地), it can quietly damage the heart, lungs, blood vessels, brain, and kidneys if left untreated. It’s a major risk factor for strokes(中风/脑卒中) and heart attacks(心脏病). Pathological Changes(病变)高血压性心脏病:Left ventricle in hypertensive heart disease. 左心室壁明显增厚Primary granular([ˈgrænjələ],颗粒状的) atrophy([ˈætrəfi:],萎缩) of the kidney(原发性颗粒性固缩肾):with clearly recognizable granular surface of the kidney. (肾表面出现清晰可辨的颗粒物) Arteriolar([ɑ:ˌtiəriˈəulə],小动脉的) nephrosclerosis([ˌnefrəˌskliəˈr əusis])(细动脉性肾硬化):Severe arteriolar nephrosclerosis(严重细动脉性肾硬化). Nodular([ˈnɔdjulə])(结节性)hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage(高血压病脑出血):Internalcapsule(内囊) or Basal ganglia([ˈbeisəl] [ˈɡæŋɡliə],基底神经节) instead of blood clots(被血凝块代替).Hypertensive retinopathy([retiˈnɔpəθi],视网膜病变)(高血压性视网膜病变)Complications(并发症)➢When blood pressure is not well controlled, you are at risk for:•Bleeding from the aorta([eɪˈɔ:tə],主动脉出血), the large blood vessel that supplies blood to the abdomen([æbˈdəʊmən]), pelvis([ˈpelvɪs]), and legs(给腹部、骨盆和腿部供血的大血管) •Chronic kidney disease(慢性肾疾病)•Heart attack and heart failure(心脏病和心力衰竭)•Poor blood supply to the legs(下肢供血不足)•Stroke(中风/脑卒中)•Problems with your vision(视觉障碍)Treatment•The DASH Diet -- Dietary Approaches(饮食疗法) to Stop Hypertension -- involves eating more fruits, vegetables, whole-grain foods(全谷类食物), low-fat dairy(低脂奶), fish, poultry(禽肉), and nuts(坚果). You should eat less red meat(红肉), saturated fats(饱和脂肪), and sweets(甜食).•Exercise•Medications: Diuretics([ˌdaɪju‘retɪk])(利尿药)Beta-blockers(β-阻断剂) ACE Inhibitors([ɪn’hɪbɪtə(r)])(血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂) ARBs(肾上腺素能受体结合剂) Calcium Channel Blockers(钙通道阻滞剂)•Complementary Therapies(补充医学疗法):Yoga(瑜伽), tai chi (太极), and deep breathing(深呼吸)also help. Prevention➢Adults over 18 should have their blood pressure checked regularly. ➢Lifestyle changes may help control your blood pressure. •Exercise often. Eat foods low in salt.•Lose weight or keep weight at a healthy level.•Do not smoke. Limit alcohol.Medical words:Obesity([əʊˈbi:sɪti:]肥胖症)granular([ˈgrænjələ],颗粒状的) atrophy([ˈætrəfi:],萎缩) Arteriolar([ɑ:ˌtiəriˈəulə],小动脉的) nephrosclerosis([ˌnefrəˌskliəˈrəusis])(肾硬化)Basal ganglia([ˈbeisəl] [ˈɡæŋɡliə],基底神经节)retinopathy([retiˈnɔpəθi],视网膜病变) aorta([eɪˈɔ:tə],主动脉) abdomen([æbˈdəʊmən]) (腹部) pelvis([ˈpelvɪs]) (骨盆)Diuretics([ˌdaɪju‘retɪk])(利尿药)ACE Inhibitors([ɪn’hɪbɪtə(r)])(血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂)Therapy([ˈθerəpi])(治疗,疗法) Nodular([ˈnɔdjulə],结节性)。