英文疾病介绍——Hypertension

Hypertension

高血压病

What Is Hypertension?

➢Hypertension (HTN) is a chronic medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is elevated(提高的).

➢High blood pressure (also called hypertension) is a serious illness that affects nearly 65 million adults in the United States. High blood pressure is often called a "silent killer" because many people have it but don't know it. Over time, people who do not get treated for high blood pressure can get very sick or even die. Diagnosis

Blood pressure readings are usually given as two numbers -- for example, 120 over 80 (written as 120/80 mmHg). One or both of these numbers can be too high.

The top number is called the systolic blood pressure, and the bottom number is called the diastolic blood pressure.

•Normal blood pressure is when your blood pressure is lower than 120/80 mmHg most of the time.

•High blood pressure (hypertension) is when your blood pressure is 140/90 mmHg or above most of the time.

•If your blood pressure numbers are 120/80 or higher, but below 140/90, it is called pre-hypertension.

Classification Of Hypertension

Hypertension is classified as either primary (essential) hypertension or secondary hypertension; about 90–95% of cases are categorized as "primary hypertension" which means high blood pressure with no obvious underlying medical cause. The remaining 5–10% of cases (secondary hypertension) are caused by other conditions that affect the kidneys, arteries, heart or endocrine system.

Causes Of Hypertension

➢Genes（遗传因素）

➢Diet（膳食因素）

➢Social And Mental Condition（社会心理应激因素）

Stress（压力）Anger（愤怒）Frightened（惊吓）

➢Others（其它因素）

Obesity（[əʊˈbi:sɪti:]肥胖症）Smoke（吸烟）Older Age（老龄）Inactivity（缺乏锻炼）Race（种族）

Who is at risk?

➢Anyone can have high blood pressure. Some people are more likely to have high blood pressure including:

•African Americans(more sensitive to salt)

•People over age 55

•People with a family history of high blood pressure

➢Your chances of having high blood pressure are higher if you:

•Are overweight, Eat foods high in salt

•Do not get regular exercise, Smoke

•Drink alcohol heavily,

•Under Stress, anger, frightened or sad in a long time. Hypertension Symptoms

High blood pressure is sometimes called a silent killer(无症状杀伤者) because it may have no outward symptoms for years (可能没有外在症状长达数年).

In fact, one in five people with the condition don‘t know they have it. Internally([ɪnˈtɜ:nəlɪ],在体内地), it can quietly damage the heart, lungs, blood vessels, brain, and kidneys if left untreated. It’s a major risk factor for strokes(中风/脑卒中) and heart attacks(心脏病). Pathological Changes(病变)

高血压性心脏病：Left ventricle in hypertensive heart disease. 左心室壁明显增厚

Primary granular([ˈgrænjələ],颗粒状的) atrophy([ˈætrəfi:],萎缩) of the kidney（原发性颗粒性固缩肾）：with clearly recognizable granular surface of the kidney. (肾表面出现清晰可辨的颗粒物) Arteriolar([ɑ:ˌtiəriˈəulə],小动脉的) nephrosclerosis([ˌnefrəˌskliəˈr əusis])（细动脉性肾硬化）：Severe arteriolar nephrosclerosis(严重细动脉性肾硬化). Nodular([ˈnɔdjulə])(结节性)

hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage（高血压病脑出血）：Internal