跨文化交际 Table Manners
跨文化 中西方餐桌礼仪差异 PPT
How much do you know about
table manners?
Why chinese prefer round table in the Chinese banquets ?
Manners in the West
As soon as the hostess picks up her napkin, pick yours up and lay it on your lap. Sometimes a roll of bread is wrapped in it; if so, toke it our and put it on your side plate.
In West, people have their own plate and eat their own food. Western people value individualism.
Tablewares
Eastern tableware
tea–pot
table cloth
plate
chopsticks
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Drinking
Beer is very popular in China, but it is all very similar with none of the stronger or darker varieties brewed in the West. The other popular alcoholic drink is rice wine. Beware, this can be very strong .In China, drinking alcohol is still mainly a male custom.Male guests are routinely offered alcohol and cigarettes at meal times. Just politely refuse if you don’t want them. An empty glass is always refilled, no matter about protests that the guest has had enough, as a mark of politeness or good will. Often a refusal has to be given three times. See Chinese Guest and Host Customs.
中西方文化（tablemanner）差异
中西方文化（tablemanner）差异When the east meets west, there are many problems. As for the way of eating, there are some certain differences.All human beings have certain basic needs. Our fundamental 基本的needs for things that keep us alive. This is the physiological need. But what people eat, when they eat, and the manners in which they eat are all patterned by culture. We Chinese may enjoy something that is not usually considered as edible by the English-speaking people. Generally we prefer to have thing hot and much emphasis强调on the taste. We eat from one plate when we are eating with others, and we like to seat one by one, and in the shape of a round. On the opposite, some English-speaking countries, most of the people like to seat in two rows, two people face to face. They have their own plate.On the aspect of table manners, there are many differences between Chinese and English-speaking people. For example, in some English-speaking countries, Bread plates are to the left of the main plate, beverage饮料glasses are to the right. Salad fork, knife and soup spoon are further from the main plate than the main course主菜knife, fork and spoon. When eating bread rolls, break off a piece before buttering. Use the knife only to butter the bread, not to cut it. They should not start eating before your host does or instructs领导to do so. At larger meals, it is considered okay to start eating once others have been served. When finished, place the knife and fo rk together at five o’clock with the fork onthe left. Try to eat all the food you are served. But in China, the table manners are different. Chinese traditionally eat rice from a small bowl held in the left hand. The rice bowl is raised tothe mouth and the rice pushed into the mouth using the chopsticks. Some Chinese find it offensive无礼的to scoop rice from the bowl using a spoon. If rice is served on a plate, as is more common in the West, it is acceptable and more practical to eat it with a fork or spoon. The host should always make sure the guests drinks are sufficiently足够地full. One should not pour for ones self, but should offer to pour for a neighbor. When your drink is being poured, you should say "thank you" and tap fingers on the table to show appreciation. When people wish to clink发出叮当声drinks together in the form of a cheer, it is important to observe that younger members should clink the edge of their drink below the edge of an elder to show respect.However, we have to remember that, most of the time, the different ways that are the customs of different cultures are neither right nor wrong. It is simply that different people do the same tings in different manners, even though we can not understand, we should show the respect. I believe this is the best way to make our life become more comfortable and make the world more harmonious.。
TABLE-MANNERS餐桌礼仪
BEFORE聚会前•Always respond to an invitation within a week of receiving it.在收到邀请的一周内回复。
•Dress according to the recommended dress code。
NEVER attempt to ”out dress” the hostess!根据建议的着装打扮.穿着永远不要试图盖过女主人的光芒.•Be punctual – you should not be late.守时—你不应该迟到•If you wish to bring a guest as your partner， etiquette demands that you should always check with the host first. However， if your family is invited, it is okay to ask if your children are included. Make sure your children know good table manners before they go and behave accordingly： no running around, no shouting. As the British used to say; Children should be seen， not heard！Their bad behavior will reflect on you。
If you are the one hosting the party and a guest of yours arrives with an unexpected friend, be polite & courteous with them， and speak with your inconsiderate guest at another time!如果你希望携带另外一名客人作为你的同伴参与，礼节上你应该事先与主人家确定是否可行。
Table-Manners中西方餐桌礼仪PPT优秀课件
Some people pray before they start eating.And other people may keep silence for a moment.Then you can say "Enjoy your meal"to each other and eyerybody start eating.
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• When you want to go somewhere for a while,you should put your knife and fork like the picture.Then the servant will keep your plate.
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Various Rules and Suggestions
Although good manners always make you look good,you do not need to worry about all these rules while having dinner with your friends or family.
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We are the Lighting Team
2
Table Manners
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• Westerners treat with a long table,men and women sit in the owner at both ends,and then the guest of honor men and women in the press and the general order of the guests seating arreangements.
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Helping Yourself and Refusing
跨文化餐桌礼仪
跨文化餐桌礼仪对于旅行者而言，餐桌礼仪(table manners)可是必修课。
各国跨文化都有哪些餐桌礼仪呢?下面店铺就为大家整理了关于跨文化餐桌礼仪，希望能够帮到你哦!跨文化餐桌礼仪Table manners are how to behave when you eat a meal. They include how to handle cutlery andhow to eat in a civilized manner. The world's largest travel and digital publisher, Lonely Planethas assembled etiquette tips. It warns of blunders you should avoid at table. "It celebrates thefun of travel. Sometimes they are funny and sometimes they are informative," said US editorRobert Reid, whose team pulled together tidbits from various cross-cultural books.餐桌礼仪指的是你的用餐行为准则，包括如何使用餐具以及如何文明进餐。
全球最大的旅行指南数字出版商“孤独星球”最近汇集了各类餐桌礼仪，并列出了餐桌禁忌警示。
美国编辑罗伯特?瑞得同自己的团队将各类跨文化书籍中的珍闻搜集起来，他说：“此举用来宣扬旅行的乐趣，有时很有趣，有时也可以增长见闻。
”Eating进餐Japan日本It is "perfectly" okay to slurp when you eat noodles.吃面时“滋滋”出声是“完全”没有问题的。
Tradition: Unlike making big noises, slurping mildly is not rude but is a compliment to the chef.Japanese also say it tastes better if you slurp.文化传统：不同于制造高分贝噪音，吃面时自然地发出轻微的声音非但不粗鲁，反而是种对厨师的赞美。
Table Manners in Western countries 西方礼仪 PPT
finished
End Dining
End of the meal, dessert spoon should be p laced on the cup and saucer, rather than o n the cup. Master down dinner napkin, whi ch represents end of the meal, the napkin can be scattered on the table.
What’s the difference with us ?
Dish Order in Western Food
first course soup side order main course salad dessert coffee
First Course /Appetizer
caviar
goose liver jam snail
western country?
make an appointment
In the West, it's generally required to make a reservation before going to a restaurant for dinner .
ABafsticerreeqnutireerminengtts hbeefroeres:ordering
When you want to check out, remember to pay some money as a tip to the waiter. Ma ny European countries have a habit of tippin g. It is thanks to entertain the guests and staf f to give them a reward.
十大经典英语短文之七：Table-Manners
餐桌礼仪！
Table Manners!
餐桌礼仪 ！
不同的文化在饮食习惯方面存在许多差异。 这的确值得你花时间学一学
在国外就餐时应该注意的行为举止。 通晓就餐礼节能展示你的国际素质。
不要咀嚼出声音,含着嘴吃东西。 人们咀嚼出声音，是因为没有合起嘴来吃。
Knowledge of table manners will show your international qualifications.
Don’t make noises with your mouth. Close your mouth when eating. People make mouth noises because they eat without closing their mouths.
When you drink your soup, don’t sip it, but swallow it all in one mouthful.
Don‘t talk with your mouth full. If someone talks to you,
wait until your mouth is empty before answering.
（9） If someone talks to you, wait until your mouth is empty
before answering.
empty [‘emptɪ] adj. 空的 answering [’ɑːnsərɪŋ] n.回答
9、如果有人跟你讲话，要等 你的嘴里没有食物了才回答。
5、含着嘴吃东西。
（6） People make mouth noises because they eat without
中美餐桌礼仪差异 ——table manners
进餐时的礼仪：（General manners while dining）在家庭式的用餐中常常是把一盘菜传到各位的面前，有时由主人把菜拿到客人面前，稍微讲究一点的会有佣人把菜呈到客人面前。
如果是传的话，你要按其他盘子传的同一个方向把菜传给下一位。
当你拿到传过来的菜盘子，你可以从中取菜。
在取的时候，不要取超过餐桌上人数比例的量，这样的话餐桌上的每一个人都能得到一份。
如果你不想吃传过来的菜，那就把它递给下一位，但是千万不要解释你为什么不吃或者作什么评论。
如果是有人把菜盘子端给你，他会问你是否需要，你可以简单地回答“是的，请给一些”或者“谢谢，我不需要”。
（When a dish is offered from a serving dish (a.k.a.family style), as is the traditional manner, the food may be passed around or served by a host or staff. If passed, you should pass on the serving dish to the next person i n the same direction as the other dishes are being passed. Place the serving dish on your left, take some, and pass to the person next to you. You should consider how m uch is on the serving dish and not take more than a proportional amount so that eve ryone may have some. If you do not care for any of the dish, pass it to the next pers on without comment. If being served by a single person, the server should request if the guest would like any of the dish. The guest may say "Yes, please," or "No, thank you."）当为进餐人士服务的时候，上菜都是从进餐者的左边放到他（她）的前面；而撤盘子的时候，都是从进餐者的右边拿走。
跨文化交际案例分析(共7个)
《跨文化交际学概论》第七章社会交往五、宴请招待p132Case One: Setting Rules for a Guest – American Hospitality案例：When Zhang Tao traveled in America, he lived in the home of his American friend, Bill. Once after he had traveled back, he found Bill was in a bad mood. When he asked what the problem was, Bill told Zhang Tao that his son Adam got furious about the noise Zhang made when walking upstairs and also because he was using too much water in the solar powered shower and Adam had to have his shower in cold water. Bill told Zhang Tao that he should walk more softly in future, and have a fast shower to save water. Zhang Tao felt uneasy. How could the host set such rules for his guest!Question: Why did Zhang Tao feel uneasy?分析：1) In China, when people host someone, they put the guest in the place of honor to show hospitality. They try to take care of the guest，and try to make the guest feel comfortable and at ease.2) In America, people tend to give the guest great freedom and treat a guest more casually, naturally and truthfully.3) Zhang Tao knew he was a guest, and thought in terms of Chinese expectations of hospitality. He thought Bill should treat him courteously instead of setting rules for him.4) Since Zhang Tao lived in American surroundings, he should have known about the customs there sooner.Case Two:案例：Lin had traveled 20 hours from Beijing to New York. He needed a good meal. His American friend, Mike, met him. But Mike only offered him a plate of roasted chicken and a glass of orange juice. Lin was used to having a main course, and asked Mike if he had any rice. Mike said he only had fried noodles, and Lin had to make do with it. Though Lin knew Americans didn’t care very much about what food they ate, he still felt surprised because he had taken Mike to the most famous duck restaurant in Beijing -- Quanjude -- when he arrived in Beijing.Question: Why did Lin feel surprised? Offer some advice to him about adjusting to his new environment in America.分析：1) 0n the topic of hospitality, the Chinese stress on warmth and demonstrating friendship. They take the guest to a famous or luxurious restaurant to have a very good (expensive) meal to show their hospitality. And the Chinese are used to having a big meal. The more dishes they put out，the greater the warmth and friendship they show.2) In western countries, people stress on freedom. They give the guest great freedom to choose their own foods. And westerners tend to have only one main course and some juice or dessert，which is viewed as casual in the eyes of the Chinese.3) Lin lived in American surroundings and should have adjusted himself quickly to the new world (lifestyle). He should have known the custom there first, and felt more at ease in Mike’s h ome.Case Three: Equality or Hospitality for Table Manners案例：Lin Hua has accompanied an American delegation to visit China. They have experienced the hospitality of the Chinese people. After returning to America, Linhua once visited them. They were so glad to meet again. Linhua offered to host the meal, but they refused. They ordered their own dish, and Linhua ordered her own. When footing the bill, they only paid their part，and no one wanted to pay for Linhua. Linhua found them so inhospitable, though she knew the Americans would usually pay for their own food.Question: Why did Linhua find them inhospitable?分析：1) In China, to show hospitality, people tend to host the meal. And if they cannot do this, they at least will struggle to pay for the guest.2) In America, people tend to pay for themselves to show equality and independence.3) Linhua knows this custom, but from a Chinese point of view, she still finds this hard to accept, and feels it a little inhospitable.Case Four:案例：I have an American friend. I have invited him several times, and at long last he invited me to his home one day. He told me to get there at 3 p m. I thought we could chat and have a meal together. I gave him a Chinese calendar, a woman’s scarf and a bottle of Chinese white wine. He only took out a dish of nuts, a plate of bread and a bottle of wine. After two hours’ chat, I found there was no hint of a meal and said good-bye to him. He only gave me a box of chocolate as a present for the New Year. After I got home, I found the box already been opened. I was very surprised, Question: What surprised me?分析：1) In China, a visit to home always includes a meal. And the guest always bringsa relatively expensive present to the host. And the present should be well wrapped or untouched.2) In the west, a visit to home only means a meeting, not necessarily including a meal. And the present is treated not as importantly as it is in China.3) I acted in a way that was based on Chinese customs, so I felt the American way was very interesting (unusual).Case Five: Way of Entertaining Guests in China ---- Drink more and more案例：Tom, an American, went to a Chinese home for the first time. He was offered some tea. Just when the first cup was about to finish, more tea was added. He drank the second cup. Then the cup was filled the third time. Then he drank it, then ⋯ until he was quite full. Tom was totally confused by the way of entertaining.Question: Why was Tom totally confused?分析：1) Traditional Chinese custom requires that during the course of entertaining, the host has to always pour more wine or tea to the guest’s glass or cup, and always adds more food to the guest’s plate or bowl without asking whether it’s wanted.2) Chinese guests know how to respond to this type of hospitality. They simply leave the wine, tea, or food in the container and stop having any more. But Tom, the American guest in the case didn’t know this.3) He followed the politeness rule of his culture: it’s not good manners to leave food in one’s own plate at a dinner table. Therefore, without any knowledge of the differences between the two cultures, an American guest would very likely suffer from either drinking or eating too much in such a situation.Case SixAs a foreign student at the University of Wisconsin in Madison, Keiko Ihara (Japanese) was on a strict budget. She had all her tuition and books paid for by scholarships and grants and until recently was comfortably housed in the dormitory. Wanting to live in the community rather than in the dormitory, she found a small apartment to share with a friend. Her college friends, knowing of her situation, offered to round up some of the necessary items for apartment living. Keiko politely declined, saying she could manage. Wanting to help out her friends found some old but still usable household appliances and furniture. Mary had an old desk that was in hergarage. Ed had some chairs from his uncle, and Joe and Marion had a few extra dishes. They cheerfully brought them over one day. Keiko seemed very embarrassed, but gracefully accepted them, sincerely and profusely thanked them.The following week they were each presented with a gift from Keiko. Mary got an ornate jewelry box, Ed a volume of woodcuts by a famous Japanese artist, and Joe and Marion a beautiful Japanese vase, all of which were of considerable worth and value, much more than the old things they had donated to her. They all protested that she could not afford to give such elaborate gifts; they really expected nothing as the household items were not really being used and they would rather have her use them. Keiko, however, insisted that they take the gifts. In the end, they accepted the gifts, although they all felt uncomfortable as they knew she was really sacrificing to give them.Questions:1. What do you think of Keiko insisting on giving valuable gifts to her college friends?2. Why did Keiko’s friends feel very uncomfortable when they received valuablegifts in return?分析：Keiko insists on giving valuable gifts to her college friends, because in countries like Japan, exchanging gifts is a strongly rooted social tradition. Should you receive a gift, and don’t have one to offer in return, you will probably create a crisis. If not as serious as a crisis, one who doesn’t offer a gift in return may be considered rude or impolite. Therefore, in Japan, gifts are a symbolic way to show appreciation, respect, gratitude and further relationship.Keiko obviously has taken those used items from Mary, Ed and Marion as gifts, for she probably doesn’t know that Americans frequently donate their used household items to church or to the community. Mary, Ed and Marion would never consider those used household items given to Keiko as gifts. No wonder they felt very uncomfortable when they received valuable gifts in return.Case SevenSelma, who is from the US, is in a student exchange program in Indonesia. One day, she was asked to attend a birthday party and she was delighted, for she was curious to know what an Indonesian birthday party was like. To her surprise, she was the only one that dressed in typically Western clothes. Although she had no strong reason to become uneasy, her uneasy feeling prevailed as the party was going on. To make herself feel better, she went to the food table and began to help herself. But, upon leaving the table, she tripped on the leg of a chair and spilled her drink on the floor. One of the girls stooped down to mop up the spill and everyone else laughed out loud. Selma, uncertain what to do next, quietly moved out of her way with her head lowered in shame.Questions:3. What functions does laughing serve in similar situations in China?4. What should we do to help ourselves or other people out of embarrassmentcaused by cultural differences in laughing?分析：Just like smile, laughing does not always serve the same function in different cultures. Interestingly, for us Chinese, laughing often has a special function on some tense social occasions. People may laugh to release the tension or embarrassment, to express their concern about you, their intention to put you at ease or to help you come out of the embarrassment. In this case, the people there were actually wishing to laugh with the American rather than laugh at her. Their laughing seemed to convey a number of messages: don‘t take it so seriously; laugh it off, it‘s nothing; such things can happen to any of us, etc. Unfortunately the American was unaware of this. She thought they were laughing at her, which made her feel more badly and angry, for in her culture laughing on such an occasion would be interpreted as an insulting response, humiliating and negative.。
跨文化中西方餐桌礼仪差异ppt
Smoking Smoking is also permitted in most Chinese restaurants. A way round this, in larger restaurants, is to request a side room for your meal, which will have its own door to insulate you from the noise and smoke.
Helping Yourself and Refusing
If a servant passes food around, he will pass the dish in at your left hand so that you can conveniently serve yourself with your right hand. Never serve yourself while the dish is on your right; it is then the turn of your neighbor on the right. It is polite to take some of everything that is passed to you. But if there is something you may not like, you may quietly say: "No thank you."
Touching Tables
Though in the West it is sometimes considered rude to put one’s elbows on the dining table, this is quite
跨文化交流 table manners
From above presentation, we can see that the Chinese table manners and western table manners have many similarities and differences. Understanding the western table manners is of great help for us to have a decent behavior in the face of intercultural communication. But, how should we do? Here are some tips we must to notice if one day we have a dinner in foreign home.
In China:
The first dishes are cold dishes, beverage and wine; then the hot dishes; next staple food; at last the sweets and fruit.
In West:
Western serving steps are usually that: bread and butter, cold dishes, soup, seafood, main course, dessert, coffee and fruit.
In West:
They prefer to use the knife and fork, spoon, dish, glass andare: under plate is placed in the middle; fork is on the left and knife is right; spoon is putted on the front of plate; Besides, the number of wine glasses equal to the variety of wine. The napkin is placed on the plate.
TableManners（餐桌礼仪）
TableManners（餐桌礼仪）Table manners are how to behave when you eat a meal. They include how to handle cutlery and how to eat in a civilized manner.Eating 进餐1. Japan 日本(1) It is “perfectly” okay to slurp when you eat noodles. The reason is that Unlike making big noises, slurping mildly is not rude but is a compliment to the chef. Japanese also say it tastes better if you slurp.(2) Eat sushi whole. Dip the fish part rather than the rice into soy sauce.2. Russia 俄罗斯(1) Your wrists should be placed on the edge of the table while eating, fork in left hand, knife in the right.(2) Keep your hands in sight. It is not good manners to rest them on your lap. Keep your elbows off the table.(3) Leave some food on your plate to show that the host has given you enough to eat. Or the host will ask if you’d like to have a second helping. It’s polite to mop up excess sauce or gravy with bread.3. France 法国(1) Never discuss money or religion over dinner. Going Dutch is considered “the height of unsophistication”.(2) In France, a meal is like a ceremony. People relish it and make it’s a special occasion.(3) In contrast to the etiquette in Russia, it’s considered good manners to finish everything on your plate. People often cut bread directly on a table cloth rather than on a plate. Tearyour bread into bite-sized pieces before eating. Taking a bite from the whole piece is very impolite。
Chinese and Western table manners 跨文化论文
Chinese and Western table mannersThesis statement：This paper is intended to make a comparison between Chinese and Western table manners to see their differences and ask Chinese to adjust their mistaken view on table manners of either Chinese or Western. Outline：1. Introduction2. Differences3.ConclusionWorks citedChinese and Western table mannersIntroduction :Once there is a saying that ‘Food is eating well-deserved for human life ’, so food is an indispensable condition for the survival and development of human beings. There are two desires in life: one is feasting them to survive; and the other is the lust of men and women ,which can help the mankind to carry on the family line. Facing the two desires , china pays more attention to the former, while the west tends to the latter. Such phenomenon affects the cultural trend. Diet is actually the contents of ourdaily lifves, but why we call it culture? That is because the diet plays an important role in Chinese culture .and it also has a great distinction china and the west.As one of the world ancient nations, china’s diet has a history almost as long as that of Chinese civilization. But in western countries ,ancient thinkers devoted less attention to the food problem than the Chinese philosophers did, and there is even no awareness of it to the ‘heaven’ degree. On the contrary, they recognized and interpreted the world in the perspective of the lust or love of men and women more. Whether the awareness of original sin of Christianity, Adam and Eve legend, or ancient Greek philosophers ,such as Plato who considered the personal relationships ‘love’ as the love of ontology of beauty , and regarded it as a reality thinking of philosophy, all these ideas become the basis of western philosophers’ cultural thoughts. All these had potential effects on the development of western culture and westerners’ characters.Receiving the influence of respective cultural tradition, the Chinese and western dietary culture has had different characteristic. The differences had reflected the different dietary culture in different state characteristic which has enriched the research value of dietary culture. Studying these cultural differences ,we can find out a joint enhancing the communication between china and the west through a comprehensive study of the subject.Differences :Apparently ,the main difference is not the tool used on the table(Chinese use chopsticks while the westerners use knife and fork) , that’s too superficial . Besides,in decent restaurants, you can always ask for a pair of knife and fork ,if you find the chopsticks not helpful enough. The real difference between Chinese and western eating habits is that unlike the west ,where everyone has their own plate of food . In china the dishes are placed on the table and everyone proud of food and will do their best to give you a taste of many different types of cuisine . Among friends, they will just order enough for the people there. If they are taking somebody out for dinner and the relationship is polite to semi-polite, then they will usually order one more dish than the number of guests(e.g. four people ,five dishes) if it is a business dinner or a very formal occasion, there is likely to be a huge amount of food that will be impossible to finish. a typical meal starts with a set of at least four cold dishes ,like boiled peanuts and smashed cucumber with garlic, to be followed by the main courses of hot meat and vegetable dishes. Finally soup is brought out(unless in Guangdong style restaurants) , which is followed by the starchy ’staple’food ,which is usually rice or noodles or sometimes dumplings. Many Chinese eat rice (or noodles) last, but if you like to have your rice together with other dishes, you should say so in good time, for most of the Chinese choose to have the staple food at last or havenone of them at all.Perhaps one of the things that surprise a western visitor most is that some of the Chinese hosts like to put food into the plates of their guests. In formal dinners, there are always ‘public’ chopsticks and spoons for this purpose, but some hosts may use their own chopsticks. This is a sign of genuine friendship and politeness. It is always polite to eat up the food. If you do not eat it up, just leave it in the plate. People in china tend to over-order food, for they will find it embarrassing if all the food is consumed. Everything is relative, cultural difference being no exception . Culture ,as the total pattern of human behavior and its products , oversteps geographical limits and historical conditions in many ways, and it is characterized by its strong attractiveness and fusibility. It is no surprise to see phenomena characteristic of one culture existing in another. As a result ,some people even fear that the world will become a dull place when all the different nationalities behave exactly alike. Nevertheless, the “cultural sediment” formed through long-range accumulation is not to be easily removed ,and the cultural tradition handed down from generation to generation shows great consistency and continuity. The cultures of different regions and nations still have their own distinctive peculiarities,and therefore significance still needs to be attached to the study of different cultures against the background of their university.Traditionally speaking, there are many taboos at Chinese tables, but these days a few people pay their attention to them. However, there are a few things that considered impolite at Chinese tables:⑴Don’t stick your chopsticks upright in the rice bowl. Instead, lay them on your dish. ⑵Make sure the spout of the teapot is not facing anyone. The spout should always be directed to where nobody is sitting,usually just outwards from the table.⑶Don’t ta p on your bowl with your chopsticks. Conclusion:We can easily see the differences between Chinese table manners and Western table manners from above. Chinese and westerners have their own characteristics and both have their roots deep in their own culture．Chinese table manners is the product of an agricultural society, a family-centered economy while Western table manners is the product of industrial revolution, which reflects the idea of equality and solidarity. Both of them reflect certain aspects of their people's value and show several customs respectively. A comparison of Chinese table manners and Western table manners can not only help us clarify some of the confusion in learning foreign culture but also help people who intend to go abroad.。
跨文化案例分析(共5个)
Case One About Table Manners案例:Sarah and Daniel are a young American couple who are teaching English at Zhejiang University。
They are leaning Chinese and enjoy their new lives。
They have been eager to get to know Chinese people better so were pleased wh en Chen’ Li, their new Chinese colleague invited them to her home for dinner at one weekend: When Sarah:and Dahiel arrived，Chen Li introduced them to her husband Wang Bing，asked them to sit down at a table containing 8 plates of various cold dishes served them tea and then disappeared with her husband into the kitchen. Sarah offered to help in the kitchen but Chen Li said she didn't need any help。
A half-hour later she came back and sat down and the three began to eat. Wang Bing came in from time to time to put several hot dishes on the table. Most of the food was wonderful and there was much more than Sarah and Daniel could eat。
中西方文化（tablemanner）差异
When the east meets west, there are many problems. As for the way of eating, there are some certain differences.All human beings have certain basic needs. Our fundamental基本的needs for things that keep us alive. This is the physiological need. But what people eat, when they eat, and the manners in which they eat are all patterned by culture. We Chinese may enjoy something that is not usually considered as edible by the English-speaking people. Generally we prefer to have thing hot and much emphasis强调on the taste. We eat from one plate when we are eating with others, and we like to seat one by one, and in the shape of a round. On the opposite, some English-speaking countries, most of the people like to seat in two rows, two people face to face. They have their own plate.On the aspect of table manners, there are many differences between Chinese and English-speaking people. For example, in some English-speaking countries, Bread plates are to the left of the main plate, beverage饮料glasses are to the right. Salad fork, knife and soup spoon are further from the main plate than the main course主菜knife, fork and spoon. When eating bread rolls, break off a piece before buttering. Use the knife only to butter the bread, not to cut it. They should not start eating before your host does or instructs领导to do so. At larger meals, it is considered okay to start eating once others have been served. When finished, place the knife and fork together at five o’clock with the fork onthe left. Try to eat all the food you are served. But in China, the table manners are different. Chinese traditionally eat rice from a small bowl held in the left hand. The rice bowl is raised to the mouth and the rice pushed into the mouth using the chopsticks. Some Chinese find it offensive无礼的to scoop rice from the bowl using a spoon. If rice is served on a plate, as is more common in the West, it is acceptable and more practical to eat it with a fork or spoon. The host should always make sure the guests drinks are sufficiently足够地full. One should not pour for ones self, but should offer to pour for a neighbor. When your drink is being poured, you should say "thank you" and tap fingers on the table to show appreciation. When people wish to clink发出叮当声drinks together in the form of a cheer, it is important to observe that younger members should clink the edge of their drink below the edge of an elder to show respect.However, we have to remember that, most of the time, the different ways that are the customs of different cultures are neither right nor wrong. It is simply that different people do the same tings in different manners, even though we can not understand, we should show the respect. I believe this is the best way to make our life become more comfortable and make the world more harmonious.。
英语选修_跨文化交际论文_中西方餐桌礼仪对比_英文
Chinese and English Table MannersThesis statement: Intercultural communication has been people’s great help and indispensable matters along the road to 21st century’s modernity .Different regions, races, nations formed different cultures .Catering culture or table manners is an important part of intercultural communication in the aspect of non-language cultures. We can understand English language better and avoid some misunderstandings between ourselves and the foreigners through table manners’learning.This paper is intended to make a comparison between Chinese and English table manners to see their differences and similarities, and a tentative explanation is given to the differences of these etiquette or customs from the aspect of culture as to illustrate the communicative functions they play in their own society.Outline1. Introduction2. Comparison between Chinese and English table manners2.1 Comparison between Chinese and English eating habits2.2 Differences between Chinese and English table manners3. Cultural connotation of Chinese and English table manners4. ConclusionWorks citedChinese and English Table Manners1. IntroductionThroughout human history people have been careful of their behaving at table. This is an old topic and we have literatures to know that table manners had formed an extremely perfect system at least backward to Zhou dynasty. Confucius had held the position of sacrifice of Lu kingdom and he gave table manners highly praise.Each culture has defined its own set of table manners. These table manners may be influenced by the culture's power orientation, philosophical or religious assumptions, environment, or any number of factors．Through table manners, it is possible to understand a culture's power structure, particular interpersonal communication patterns, and normative elements of the society system, structure, and functions. In different societies and cultures, there must be different systems of table manners．Some systems are ＂richer" or "more precise" than others, reflecting the social and cultural differences. An understanding of the unique cultural meanings and communicative functions of the systems will not only help us better understand different peoples and different cultures, but also help us improve intercultural communication．In this paper, I'd like to make a comparison between Chinese and English kinship systems to see their differences and similarities, and then I'll try to give a tentative explanation to the differences of these two systems from the aspect of culture．From the comparison, maybe we can know the communicative functions they play in their own society.2. Comparison between Chinese and English table manners2.1 Comparison between Chinese and English eating habitsDifference between Chinese and English eating habits is actually the question that which is more important between nutrition and relish.⑴The rational westerns pay more attention to nutrition and existenceIn western countries, food is only regarded as a means of live or social intercourse. English eating habits is a rational concept. Nutrition must be sure to exist no matter how about its color, smell, taste and shape. Western cookery focuses on nutrition and ignores the taste. They refuse to use the monosodium glutamate for they think it is chemistry drag with no nutrition and cause side effect either. Their raw vegetables include not only tomato and lettuce but also even cabbage and broccoli. So their salad seems like a plate of feedstuff and it’s hard for us to swallow. Although modern Chinese take care of nutrition and health and know that the traditional cook style will break the vitamins in the vegetables and raw food is able to avoid loss, we prefer the former. You can say that it is because of habit is second nature. But it’s sure that it tastes more delicious.⑵The emotional Chinese aim at relish and enjoymentIn China, there is an old adage:“Food is the paramount necessity of the people and the taste of the food matters the most.”The taste is the top principle of cooking. Eating is not simply for the stomach, nor is for the nutrition. Sometimes we are full. But we go on eating. Why? We could n’t help to have a feast of taste for we can’t stand the attractive relish. But this kind of eating habit results in waste and health problem in eyes of English. Although it is particular to Chinese of having diet treatment and attach importance to using food to preserving our health, our cooking style damages a lot of nutrition. So the problem of nutrition maybe our largest blind side.2.2 Differences between Chinese and English table mannersEating culture, table ware, eating manners and a serious of table manners reflects different living styles or culture tropisms. Modern society’s manners exist everywhere. Dinner is not only for physiology need but also an important social experience. There are many differences of table manners between Chinese and English. We must know them to avoid disrespect to others.⑴Differences of the atmosphere at tableIn total, English table is quiet and Chinese table is active. Westerners are active at usual days but they will be quietly cutting the food in their own plate at table. Chinese are quiet at usual time, but they will give it mouth at table and help each other for dishes and persuade others for wine. The jollification of Chinese and the quiet of English reflect the basic difference of their eating cultures.⑵Table mannersEnglish:①As soon as the hostess picks up her napkin, pick yours up and lay it on your lap. Sometimes a roll of bread is wrapped in it; if so, take it and put it on your side plate.②The Soup CourseDinner usually begins with soup. The largest spoon at your place is the soup spoon. It will be beside your plate at the right-hand side.③The Fish CourseIf there is a fish course, it will probably follow the soup. There may be a special fork for the fish, or it may be similar to the meat fork. Often it is smaller.④The Meat CourseThe main Course is usually served by the host himself, especially if it is a fowl or a roast which need to be carved. He will often ask each guest what piece he prefers, and it is quite proper to state your preference as to lean or fat, dark or light.⑤Helping Yourself and RefusingIf a servant passes food around, he will pass the dish in at your left hand so that you can conveniently serve yourself with your right hand. Never serve yourself while the dish is on your right; it is then the turn of your neighbor on the right. It is polite to take some of everything that is passed to you. But if there is something you may not like, you may quietly say: "No thank you.“⑥Various rules and SuggestionsSit up straight on your chair; Do not put much food in your mouth at a time; Drink only when there is no food in your mouth; Try not to get into your mouth anything that will have to be taken out; Do not make any nose when you eat; Do not clean your teeth at the table or anywhere in public, either with your finger or a tooth pick, not even with your tongue.Chinese:①Spitting Out the BonesIn China it is common practice to spit things out on the table or the floor. Often food has small pieces of bone or other inedible parts that need to be removed from the mouth. Using chopsticks, a hand or a tissue is a polite way around the problem.②Touching TablesThough in the West it is sometimes considered rude to put one’s elbows o n the dining table, this is quite acceptable in China, particularly when eating noodles.③Noise and SmokingEating noisily is allowed in China. Slurping, smacking the lips and leaving the mouth open when eating can be viewed as demonstrating enjoyment of the food and a friendly atmosphere in China. Smoking is also permitted in most Chinese restaurants. A way round this, in larger restaurants, is to request a side room for your meal, which will have its own door to insulate you from the noise and smoke.④DessertEating something sweet for dessert is not a Chinese custom. Sweet things can be found hidden among everything else on a Chinese menu. Fruit salads and caramel covered apple are Chinese sweet dishes that are popular with Westerners.⑤DrinkingBeer is very popular in China. The other popular alcoholic drink is rice wine. Beware, this can be very strong .In China, drinking alcohol is still mainly a male custom. Male guests are routinely offered alcohol and cigarettes at meal times. Just politely refuse if you don’t want them. An empty glass is always refilled, no matter about protests that the guest has had enough, as a mark of politeness or good will. Often a refusal has to be given three times.⑶The table’s arrangementIn China, any banquet, only will have one form, will be everybody sits in a circle all round. The banquet must use the round table, which formally has created one kind of unity, politeness, altogether the interest atmosphere. The delicacy delicacies place a table of person's center, it is not only the object which table of people appreciate, taste, is also a table of person sentiment exchange inter medium.Westerners treat with a long table, men and women sit in the owner at both ends, and then the guest of honor men and women in the press and the general order of the guests seating arrangements.3. Cultural connotation of Chinese and English table mannersThe dining product as a result of factor and so on region characteristic, climatic environment, manners and customs influences, will appear in raw material, the taste, the cooking method, the food habit varying degree difference. Was precisely because of these differences, the dining product had the intense localization. Between Ch ina and the West culture’s difference has accomplished China and the West diet culture difference, but this kind of difference and gets along with people the philosophy from the West different thinking mode. The Chinese pays great attention “the beauty to unite”, the westerner pays great attention.In traditional Chinese culture, people will be carefully when attending a formal dinner party. But it has advantages and disadvantages as the custom changing and developing. There are inheritances or breach to traditional custom. For example, the dressing at table is freer than before. We can dress in sun yat sen's uniform, jacket or business suit, which shows the change and development of traditional custom. This is a best example to prove the communication between China and the west. Nowadays many westerners especially Americans do not like to smoke or drink wine, nor do most of who like others smoke or drink at their abode. However, there are many Chinese smoking and drinking in modern China. There is a strange phenomenon that one has no sociality if he does not smoke or drink. So if you see someone blowing a cloud or have a dead-drunk, don’t be surprised. It’s common in Chinese dinner table. Although they know that it’s bad for one’s grace, they cannot ignore it. Most probably this is the reflection of incompletion when culture changing and developing. It is necessary that basing on the understanding of culture phenomena, we should promote the development of society culture to improve population quality.4. ConclusionWestern culture aims at personal glory, personal centered, innovation and selfhood freedom. Chinese culture aims at humility, wariness, selfless dedication, middle of the road and united cooperation. Westerners have strong awareness of equality and have simple family structures. Chinese have strong concept of grade and have complicated families. Traditional Chinese happy families are “four generations in one household”.In the process of intercultural communication, the information mistake or even phenomena of hurting somebody caused by culture obstruction is a common affair. Sometimes goodwill makes the opposite very discomfited. Polite manners may be misunderstood as fantastic and rude. Therefore, researching the differences of different cultures and the right way of intercultural communication becomes a problem cannot be neglected. Their advantages and disadvantages are all appearance in the process of contrast researching. This kind of researching is good for the positive movement of culture as taking the essence and discarding the dregs, then promoting the development of our national language and culture.Works Cited[ 1]贾玉新. 跨文化交际学[M ]. 上海: 上海外语教育出版社, 1997.[ 2]胡文仲. 跨文化交际学概论[M]. 北京: 外语教学与研究出版社, 1999.[ 3] SAMOVAR .LA, 跨文化交际[M]. 北京: 外语教学与研究出版社, 2000.[ 4 ]费霓云. 中西方餐桌礼仪英文PowerPoint 百度文库/view/5498830e844769eae009ed4b.html [ 5 ]张亚红. 中西方饮食文化差异以及餐桌礼仪的对比哈尔滨师范大学西语学院, 哈尔滨150080 <边疆经济与文化TH E BORDER ECONOMY AND CULTURE>。
Table-Manners-in-Western-countries-西方礼仪.ppt
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Ordering
The host (hostess) will generally let you order first; his or her order will be taken last. Sometimes, however, the server will decide who orders first. Often, women’s orders are taken before men’s.
Table Manners in Western
countries!
Designed by Team 11
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There are many table manners around the world. Different countries have different customs.
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What are we supposed to do while we are eating in
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Details of the seating arrangement - long table
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Roundtable
square table
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Sitting down
If you are at a romantic dinner, the man should push the woman’s chair out for her.
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Seating arrangements
The basic rules of the seating arrangement
跨文化交际
The differences of Chinese and Western table mannersContent Chinese Table Manners and CharacteristicsWestern Table Manners and CharacteristicsSummarya Chinese Table Manners and Characteristics In China the host is very warm and modest to their guests.Before the coming of guests, the host would prepare a sumptuous feast.The common people eat chicken, duck, fish, etc. When the feast starts, host urges guests to drink and eat more and pick up food for their guest frequently with their own chopsticks. In the host's opinion, the aim to entertain is to let guests to drink and eat to their heart＇s content. A feast in China,people use their own chopsticks to pick up food in one plate; the others also pick up food in the same plate. However, the host often use him own chopsticks to pick up food for guests. This is a sign of genuine friendship and politeness.The Chinese meal needs:In addition to these, the Chinese meal needs chopsticks, plate, bowl, scoop, small dishes and so on. The bottle is put in front of plate, while the glass is put on the right. The number of glass is the same with the amount of wine.Chinese use bowl to eat. The bowl is used to ladle rice, soup and food. Chinese had used the bowl to eat since the New Stone Age. Chinese bowl is made of china. The traditional style is in blue and white. Chinese also use spoon to eat. Spoon is normal tableware. There are arts using it. People usually use their right hand to hold the top of the spoon.Western Table Manners and Characteristics In western countries, before thecoming of guests, the host neverserves more than 6 dishes, soup orfresh fruit cup or melon orshellfish,fish.Entertainment in western countries hardly attach importance to food, but also have various and freeways of entertainment. They create a relaxed, comfortable and delighted airfor their guest in a thousand and one ways. They want to make their guestenjoy that good time freely.Basic position when eating western foodEating Western food basic position is that the right hand with a knife, fork left-handed, at this time of the dorsal fork should be up. Take the right knife: according to the index finger inthe back handle. In addition to beforced to cut off the root ofthe dishes, knives or too blunt, notout of the index finger on the Blade.Some would extend the little fingerwith a knife, especially women.There are abundant and extensive table manners forming in the east, while there are exquisite and distinctive tablemanners forming in the west. Table manners are part of table culture. Different table manners embody the different cultures. Manner is the character of a person, while culture is the soul of a nation. As a custom, table manners exist all over the world, determined by national culture, which raises many differences. The cultural differences not only take place between countries, but also exits between different areas of one country.In face of these differences, we should comprehend and respect their habits and culture. In the cross-culture communication, peoplebegin with know about each other, which make them understand mutually. Then people exchange more, and make some explanations to reduce the misunderstanding. When in Rome, do as the Romans do. This is a good way to cope with difference.The communications between China and the West will become easier.。
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“Food not said, was lie”（食不言，寝不语）
It intends to try to get people at the table to speak less as far as possible.
In the west culture if people with a meal and do not talk to neighbour , which is beneath the etiquette.
Usage: The fork should be held in your left hand,
and the knife should be held in your right hand . At first, you hold down the food with a fork ,then
In the party ,the Chinese people would like to swallow a whole glass of wine by way of “bottoms-up “,because it is considered as a straightforward.
Excessive drinking is never proper, and they think the way of “bottoms-up” would most definitely be considered bad manners, and would surely be seen as lack of appreciation for the wine.”
Polite to reach for food . —Decide what you want to eat before you reach
for the food; You should pick up the food on the dish that is
at the top or the nearest to you.
Never point the chopsticks to another people. Never wave around or bang your chopsticks . Never rummage through the food with chopsticks. Never strick your chopsticks into your rice bowl.
cut it into small pieces with a knife, and then fork it into your mouth.
Tableware shares very fine:
salad fork, dinner fork, dessert fork soup spoon, teaspoon service or dinner plate, bread and butter plate water goblet, red wine goblet, white wine goblet, butter spreader, napkin
When in Rome ,do as Romans do!
“没什么吃的，请随便”
“别客气！”
“哪里！如此多菜，够 丰富了！”
Help yourself ,please!
Although there are some differences, but the two different cultures are mutual confluence.
Table manners is very important in society.
door
south
Square table south
As a Chinese saying goes , “the seat of the king faces the south”.
So in the Chinese feast, the seat facing the south are usually saved for the important guest or the elderly.
Keep elbows off the table.
ways say thank you when you are served something.
Talk to your neighbours , no matter whether you know them or not . But do not speak too loudly.
The best food in the dish should be left to the elderly , children or the guest of honor.
Chew with your mouth closed. Do not speak with food in your mouth.
Square table
Normally, the seat facing the door is for the host or the hostess.
The seats right across of the host seat is the seats for the main guests.