英文论文写作例句

杨跃，实用科技英语翻译研究，西安：西安交通大学出版社，2008

所谓“通顺”，就是在确切理解和掌握原文的基础上，汉语译文必须规范化，用词造句应符合汉语表达习惯，力求通顺易懂。要摆脱原文形式的束缚，不要逐词死译，生搬硬套，选用符合汉语习惯的表达方式，把愿意清楚明白的再现出来。科技译文的通顺还要符合专业表达的习惯，采用规范的专业语言，只在形式上忠实于原文，还不算是好的译文。

在EST翻译中，陆殿杨提出一条原则:“Translate literally, if possible, or appear to f ree translation.”(能直译就尽量直译，不能直译就采取意译。)

译好科技英语需要具备的三个条件：

对英语要比较精通（Good command of English）;

汉语水平要比较高（Good command of Chinese）;

对有关的科技内容要比较熟悉，即知识水平（Familiarity with Knowledge of Science and Technology）

一般来说，从事科技翻译工作，最好是通晓外语的本行专家，由熟悉本行业的行家翻译出来的东西，远比精通外语的门外汉要强得多。

严复翻译的三字标准“信、达、雅”。求其信，已大难矣！故信矣，不达，虽译，犹不译也，则达尚焉。易曰修辞立诚，子曰词达而已，又曰言之无文，行之不远。三者乃文章正轨，亦即为译事楷模，故信达而外，求其尔雅。此不仅期以行远已耳，实则经理微言。用汉以前字法句法，以为达易；用近世利俗文字，以求达雅，往往意义就词，毫厘千里。审择于斯二者之间，夫固有所不得已也。（《天演论》译例言，1898）

林语堂：忠实、通顺、美

傅雷：神似

钱钟书：化境

对于“美（雅）”，尚有争议。但“忠实”和“通顺”已成公认标准。

1. Relatively little research has been centered on the feeding behavior of this species because of difficulty in its detection and capture.

2. This conclusion, however, was based on limited feeding observation and irregular occurrence of these “sap-site” trees.

3. Other studies conducted analysis on faecal samples from north Queensland and Victoria respectively to determine feeding behavior.

4. These studies found…….

5. Qualitative observations of feeding behavior in gliders have also been carried out.

6. This study aims at achieving this by addressing the following question.

7. During a ten-year period of time, the number of HIV-infected children rose from 250 in 1985to 6700 in 1995.In other words, the number of HIV-infected children under 12 increased by almost 3000%, or nearly 30 times over a ten-year period of time and during the same period of time 3811 child died of AIDs.

8. Registered students from Henan were 49 in 2001, 50 in 2002 and 47 in 2003. So changes are small with regard to this group over the last three years. Turning to students from Shandong, we find the figure 34 in 2001, and in 2002, the number was almost doubled to settle around 67. In 2003, it fell to 42. The last group is students from Shanxi. As you can see, the number was cut down by half in 2003 compared with the number in 2001.

9. Although studies have shown that diet has an important influence on a mammal’s overall biology, little is known about the feeding ecology of many Australian species.

10. Advanced ceramic materials such as zirconia have great potential as substitutes for traditional material in many engineering applications; however, a number of problems have thus far restricted their use by engineers. Two of the major problems are difficulties in producing products of reliable and consistent quality and high cost of manufacture.

11、The motion of ions is the motion of such atoms as have gained, or lost electrons, which in most cases takes place in chemical solutions.离子的运动，也就是已经得到或失去电子的原子的运动，这种运动大多发生在化学溶液中。

12、Every body continues in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line, unless acted upon by an external force.物体如不受外力作用，将保持静止或匀速直线运动状态。