英文论文写作例句
英文论文写作中常用的10种句式
英文论文写作中常用的10种句式1、否定句许多否定句不含not的否定结构。
如果论文作者能正确使用他们，就会增加写作的闪光点，使显得生动活泼。
,childrenshouldbetaughthowtobenefitfromusefulin formationontheinternet.应该教孩子们如何从互联网获取有益的信息，而不是沉溺于玩电脑游戏。
我们绝不能忽视知识的巨大价值。
erstandingofsocieties.大学生参加兼职工作不是为了赚更多钱，而是为了更好地了解社会。
’ssalarydoesnotdependsomuchonhiseducationalbackgroun dasonhisabilityandcontributiontothesociety.一个人的工资与其说取决于他的教育背景倒不如说取决于他的能力和对社会的贡献。
2、非限制性定语从句如果需要对前述的整个句子内容进行解释或说明，就可以用到非限制性定语从句。
,practicalcoursescanbeusedtothereality,whichiso fvitalimportancetotheirdevelopmentinthefuture.毫无疑问，实用性课程可以用于实际中，这对于他们未来发展是非常重要的。
,whichissometimesdangerousandharmful.孩子们倾向于模仿大众媒体上的所见所闻，这在有时是危险和有害的。
hmoreopportunitiestodeveloptheirinterpersonalskills ,whichmayputtheminafavorablepositioninthefuturejobm arkets.大部分学生相信业余工作会使他们有更多机会发展人际交往能力,这对他们未来找工作是非常有好处的。
3、让步句让步句是写论文最常用的句式之一，作者务必掌握以下4种用法，可以使英文句子起伏跌宕，富于变化。
引文英文作文模板
引文英文作文模板1. In my opinion, it's crucial for us to take care of our physical health. Regular exercise is a must if we want to stay fit and energetic. Whether it's going for a run, hitting the gym, or playing a sport, physical activity not only keeps our bodies in shape but also releases endorphins that make us feel good.2. Another aspect of our well-being that we shouldn't neglect is our mental health. It's important to find ways to relax and destress, whether it's through meditation, spending time in nature, or engaging in hobbies we enjoy. Taking care of our mental health allows us to better cope with the challenges and pressures of daily life.3. Building and maintaining strong relationships with our loved ones is also essential for our overall happiness. It's important to invest time and effort into nurturing these connections. Whether it's through regular communication, spending quality time together, or showingappreciation and support, our relationships provide us with a sense of belonging and support.4. Another aspect of a fulfilling life is pursuing our passions and interests. Whether it's art, music, sports, or any other hobby, engaging in activities that bring us joy and fulfillment is crucial. It allows us to express ourselves, explore our creativity, and find a sense of purpose in our lives.5. Continuous learning and personal growth are also important for our overall well-being. It's important to challenge ourselves and seek new knowledge and skills. Whether it's through reading, attending workshops, or taking up new hobbies, learning keeps our minds active and helps us adapt to a rapidly changing world.6. Lastly, giving back to our communities and helping others can bring a deep sense of fulfillment and purpose. Whether it's volunteering, donating to charity, or simply being kind and compassionate towards others, acts of kindness not only benefit those in need but also contributeto our own happiness and well-being.In conclusion, taking care of our physical and mental health, nurturing relationships, pursuing our passions, continuous learning, and giving back to our communities are all important aspects of a fulfilling life. By prioritizing these areas, we can lead happier, more meaningful lives.。
英文作文中的议论文例子
英文作文中的议论文例子1. In my opinion, social media has both positive and negative effects on our lives. On one hand, it allows us to connect with people all over the world and share our experiences and ideas. On the other hand, it can be addictive and lead to feelings of isolation and anxiety.2. Education is essential for personal and societal growth. It provides individuals with the skills and knowledge necessary to succeed in their chosen fields and contributes to the overall development of society. However, the current education system has its flaws and needs to be reformed to better meet the needs of students and prepare them for the challenges of the future.3. Climate change is one of the most pressing issues facing our planet today. The burning of fossil fuels and other human activities have led to an increase in global temperatures, causing devastating effects such as rising sea levels and more frequent natural disasters. It isimperative that we take action to reduce our carbon footprint and protect the environment for future generations.4. The debate over gun control in the United States isa complex issue with strong opinions on both sides. While some argue that the right to bear arms is a fundamental right protected by the Second Amendment, others believethat stricter gun control laws are necessary to prevent mass shootings and reduce gun violence. Finding a solution that balances individual rights with public safety is crucial.5. The fashion industry has a significant impact on the environment, with the production and disposal of clothing contributing to pollution and waste. However, there are steps that can be taken to make the industry more sustainable, such as using eco-friendly materials and promoting ethical labor practices. Consumers also play a role in reducing the industry's impact by choosing to buy from sustainable and ethical brands.。
英文论文写作常用句式和例句
英文论文写作常用句式和例句最后更新：2010-10-10 阅读次数：407 【字体：小中大】BeginningIn this paper, we focus on the need forThis paper proceeds as follow.The structure of the paper is as follows.In this paper, we shall first briefly introduce fuzzy sets and related conceptsTo begin with we will provide a brief background on theIntroductionThis will be followed by a description of the fuzzy nature of the problem and a detailed presentation of how the required membership functions are defined.Details on xx and xx are discussed in later sections.In the next section, after a statement of the basic problem, various situations involving possibility knowledge are investigated: first, an entirely possibility model is proposed; then the cases of a fuzzy service time with stochastic arrivals and non-fuzzy service rule is studied; lastly, fuzzy service rule are considered.ReviewThis review is followed by an introduction.A brief summary of some of the relevant concepts in xxx and xxx is presented in Section 2. In the next section a brief view of the .... is given.In the next section, a short review of ... is given with special regard to ...Section 2 reviews relevant research related to xx.Section 1.1 briefly surveys the motivation for a methodology of action, while 1.2 looks at the difficulties posed by the complexity of systems and outlines the need for development of possibility methods.BodySection 1 defines the notion of robustness, and argues for its importance.Section 1 devoted to the basic aspects of the FLC decision-making logic.Section 2 gives the background of the problem which includes xxxSection 2 discusses some problems with and approaches to, natural language understanding. Section 2 explains how flexibility which often ... can be expressed in terms of fuzzy time-windowSection 3 discusses the aspects of fuzzy set theory that are used in the ...Section 3 describes the system itself in a general way, including the ..and also discusses how to evaluate system performance.Section 3 describes a new measure of xx.Section 3 demonstrates the use of fuzzy possibility theory in the analysis of xx.Section 3 is a fine description of fuzzy formulation of human decision.Section 3, is developed to the modeling and processing of fuzzy decision rulesThe main idea of the FLC is described in Section 3 while Section 4 describes the xx strategies.Section 3 and 4 show experimental studies for verifying the proposed model.Section 4 discusses a previous fuzzy set-based approach to cost variance investigation.Section 4 gives a specific example of xx.Section 4 is the experimental study to make a fuzzy model of memory process.Section 4 contains a discussion of the implication of the results of Section 2 and 3.Section 4 applies this fuzzy measure to the analysis of xx and illustrate its use on experimental data.Section 5 presents the primary results of the paper: a fuzzy set model ..Section 5 contains some conclusions plus some ideas for further work.Section 6 illustrate the model with an example.Various ways of fuzzification and the reasons for their choice are discussed very briefly in Section 2.In Section 2 are presented the block diagram expression of a whole modelof human DM systemIn Section 2 we shall list a collection of basic assumptions which a ... scheme must satisfy. In Section 2 of this paper, we present representation and uniqueness theorems for the fundamental measurement of fuzziness when the domain of discourse is order-dense.In Section 3, we describe the preliminary results of an empirical study currently in progress to verify the measurement model and to construct membership functions.In Section 5 is analyzed the inference process through the two kinds of inference experiments...This SectionIn this section, the characteristics and environment under which MRP is designed are described.We will provide in this section basic terminologies and notations whichare necessary for the understanding of subsequent results.Next SectionThe next section describes the mathematics that goes into the computer implementation of such fuzzy logic statements.However, it is cumbersome for this purpose and in practical applications the formulae were rearranged and simplified as discussed in the next section.The three components will be described in the next two section, and an example of xx analysis of a computer information system will then illustrate their use.We can interpret the results of Experiments I and II as in the following sections.The next section summarizes the method in a from that is useful for arguments based on xx SummaryThis paper concludes with a discussion of future research consideration in section 5.Section 5 summarizes the results of this investigation.Section 5 gives the conclusions and future directions of research.Section 7 provides a summary and a discussion of some extensions of the paper.Finally, conclusions and future work are summarizedThe basic questions posed above are then discussed and conclusions are drawn.Section 7 is the conclusion of the paper.Chapter 0. AbstractA basic problem in the design of xx is presented by the choice of a xx rate for the measurement of experimental variables.This paper examines a new measure of xx in xx based on fuzzy mathematics which overcomes the difficulties found in other xx measures.This paper describes a system for the analysis of the xx.The method involves the construction of xx from fuzzy relations.The procedure is useful in analyzing how groups reach a decision.The technique used is to employ a newly developed and versatile xx algorithms.The usefulness of xx is also considered.A brief methodology used in xx is discussed.The analysis is useful in xx and xx problem.A model is developed for a xx analysis using fuzzy matrices.Algorithms to combine these estimates and produce a xx are presented and justified.The use of the method is discussed and an example is given.Results of an experimental applications of this xx analysis procedure are given to illustrate the proposed technique.This paper analyses problems inThis paper outlines the functions carried out by ...This paper includes an illustration of the ...This paper provides an overview and information useful for approachingEmphasis is placed on the construction of a criterion function by which the xx in achieving a hierarchical system of objectives are evaluated.The main emphasis is placed on the problem of xxOur proposed model is verified through experimental study.The experimental results reveal interesting examples of fuzzy phases of : xx,xxThe compatibility of a project in terms of cost, and xx are likewise represented by linguistic variables.A didactic example is included to illustrate the computational procedureChapter 1. IntroductionTimeOver the course of the past 30 years, .. has emerged form intuitiveTechnological revolutions have recently hit the industrial worldThe advent of ... systems for has had a significant impact on theThe development of ... is exploredDuring the past decade, the theory of fuzzy sets has developed in a variety of directions,The concept of xx was investigated quite intensively in recent yearsThere has been a turning point in ... methodology in accordance with the advent of ...A major concern in ... today is to continue to improve...A xx is a latecomer in the part representation arena.At the time of this writing, there is still no standard way of xxAlthough a lot of effort is being spent on improving these weaknesses, the efficient and effective method has yet to be developed.The pioneer work can be traced to xx [1965].To date, none of the methods developed is perfect and all are far from ready to be used in commercial systems.Objective / Goal / PurposeThe purpose of the inference engine can be outlined as follows:The ultimate goal of the xx system is to allow the non-experts to utilize the existing knowledge in the area of manual handling of loads, and to provide intelligent, computer-aided instruction for xxx.The paper concerns the development of a xxThe scope of this research lies inThe main theme of the paper is the application of rule-based decision making.These objectives are to be met with such thoroughness and confidence as to permit ...The objectives of the ... operations study are as follows:The primary purpose/consideration/objective ofThe ultimate goal of this concept is to provideThe main objective of such a ... system is toThe aim of this paper is to provide methods to construct such probability distribution.l In order to achieve these objectives, an xx must meet the following requirements:In order to take advantage of their similaritymore research is still required before final goal of ... can be completedIn this trial, the objective is to generate...for the sake of concentrating on ... research issuesA major goal of this report is to extend the utilization of a recently developed procedure for the xx.For an illustrative purpose, four well-known OR problems are studied in presence of fuzzy data: xx.A major thrust of the paper is to discuss approaches and strategies for structuring ..methods This illustration points out the need to specifyThe ultimate goal is both descriptive and prescriptive.Chapter 2. Literature ReviewA wealth of information is to be found in the statistics literature, for example, regarding xx A considerable amount of research has been done .. during the last decadeA great number of studies report on the treatment of uncertainties associated with xx.There is considerable amount of literature on planningHowever, these studies do not provide much attention to undertainty in xx.Since then, the subject has been extensively explored and it is still under investigation as well in methodological aspects as in concrete applications.Many research studies have been carried out on this topic.Problem of xx draw recently more and more attention of system analysis.Attempts to resolve this dilemma have resulted in the development ofMany complex processes unfortunately, do not yield to this design procedure and have, therefore, not yet been automated.Most of the methods developed so far are deterministic and /or probabilistic in nature.The central issue in all these studies is toThe problem of xx has been studied by other investigators, however, these studies have been based upon classical statistical approaches.Applied ... techniques toCharacterized the ... system asDeveloped an algorithm toDeveloped a system called ... whichUses an iterative algorithm to deduceEmphasized the need toIdentifies six key issues surrounding high technologyA comprehensive study of the .. has been undertakenMuch work has been reported recently in these filedProposedPresentedState thatPoint out that the problem ofDescribedIllustratedIndicatedHas shown / showedAddressHighlightsA study on ...was done / developed by []Previous work, such as [] and [], deal only withThe approach taken by [] isThe system developed by [] consistsA paper relevant to this research was published by [][]'s model requires consideration of ..[]' model draws attention to evolution in human development[]'s model focuses on...Little research has been conducted in applying ... toThe published information that is relevant to this research...This study further shows thatTheir work is based on the principle ofMore history of ... can be found in xx et al. [1979].Studies have been completed to establishedThe ...studies indicated thatThough application of xx in the filed of xx has proliferated in recent years, effort in analyzing xx, especially xx, is lacking.Problem / Issue / QuestionUnfortunately, real-world engineering problems such as manufacturing planning do not fit well with this narrowly defined model. They tend to span broad activities and require consideration of multiple aspects.Remedy / solve / alleviate these problems... is a difficult problem, yet to be adequately resolvedTwo major problems have yet to be addressedAn unanswered questionThis problem in essence involves using x to obtain a solution.An additional research issue to be tackled is ....Some important issues in developing a ... system are discussedThe three prime issues can be summarized:The situation leads to the problem of how to determine the ...There have been many attempts toIt is expected to be serious barrier toIt offers a simple solution in a limited domain for a complex problem.There are several ways to get around this problem.As difficult as it seems to be, xx is by no means new.The problem is to recognize xx from a design representation.A xx problem can trace its roots to xx.xx [1987] used a heuristic approach to simplify the complexity of the problem.Several problems are associated with them.Although some progress has been made in this area, at least two major obstacles must be overcome before a fully automated system can be realized.Most problems in practice are complicatedMore problem surface here.Hamper effort toward a xx systemIn order to overcome the limitations due to incomplete and imprecise xx knowledge, a xx program has been developed, which bases its knowledge upon the statistical analysis of a sample population of xxThe above difficulties are real challenges faced by researchers attempting to developThis type of mapping raises no controversy to the issue of membership function determination.However, attempts to quantify the xx have met both theoretical and empirical problems. It has become apparent that in order to apply this new methodological framework toreal-world problems and data, we have to pay attention to the problems of xx and xx. Chapter 3. Proposed methodologyAssumptionIn the case when the assumption of a xx seems to be too restrictive or inadequate, the formulation with Fuzzy termination time, i.e. given by a fuzzy set in the space of control stages, may be applied.We assume here the fuzzy constraints to be state-dependent, and the fuzzy goal to be the same for all the control states, xx, which stems from the problem's nature.An approach to the solution of this problem is presented under the assumption that the sampling rate Decision can be made prior to the execution of the experiment, as opposed to being made while the experiment is in progress.Another assumption made above is that there are precise odds at which the expert is indifferent.Main simplifying assumptions are:This, in our view, is a questionable assumption.Outline / Structure / ModuleAn outline of the researchInformation is incorporated within the schemeIs built into ... structureA nice modular structure.The principles of ... are applied as modularized criteriaClassificationA xx system comprises three main components:Must decompose the original .. into a set of ..Consists of the following steps:This is summarized in the following steps:Can be broadly classified into the following areas:Can be characterized by its function of effectively processing theCan allow further breadth of application of ...into moreThe following steps should be followedxx can be classified by a different ways.Based on the xx, one may classify xx into the following:This catalog may change due to wear, breakage, and purchasing.SystemUnlike many conventional program, expert systems do not usually deal with problem for which there is clearly a right or wrong answer.The system consists of both ... and ...The system has a hierarchical modular architecture organized on three levels.expert system domains are area of expertiseTo develop a xx system for xx, the following factors must be considered:The system has been developed / designed to determineThe system has proven to be able toThe domain in which an expert system operates is a particular domainThe system comprises a ... withThe system is [feature-oriented ] / based on the ... techniqueThe system environment must be relatively stableThe system is utilized to generate, load, store, update and retrieve ...The development of a xx system has two stages: xx stage and xx stage.The most essential part of .. system is the ...The successful developments in ESs have made them an important tool in the development ofAn automated system was developed forIn this case, the system can be considered to be generative.An interactive automatic ... systemA .. is commonly thought of as a truly integrated .. systemShould be capable of being generated from a ... systemxx is an important part of the integrated system.The model consists of four rule bases, each of which addresses a separate problem in the hierarchy of scheduling decision.The rule bases are linked to each other in a chin-like manner in the sense that the consequent of one rule base constitutes a part of the antecedent of the next rule base.The rule base consists of all possible combinations of the linguistic terms associated with the linguistic variable of the antecedent of a rule.Computer SystemThe system has been implemented using Prolog language in an MS-DOSenvironment. Prolog was chosen because it offers a well known and flexible environment in which fuzzy reasoning may be easily implemented.The current version of the xx program when compiled with WATFOR77 results in an executable code of about 270K bytes. Typical run time, when run on aXX computer (an IBM compatible machine) operating at 4.77 Mhz with 640K RAM, ranges from 10 min to 2h, depending on the size (or complexity) of the problem.Time consuming procedures have been implemented in C-language and directly linked to the Prolog environment.The xx process, once the xx's data has been entered, requires approximately 180 seconds.It should be noted that the computation was done with a 20 Hhz, 80386209;based microcomputer equipped with a 80387 math co-processor.The computer programs used for the analyses, one based on the xx method and the other based on the new method, were written in FORTRAN with a compiler that supports the math co-processor.Lisp, Prolog give maximum flexibility but also maximizes development time.Internal representation is the way a model is represented in the computer.An interactive menu-driven procedure is used in this studyShell can be develop very fast at the cost of time fairly severe limitations.While there is no measurable saving of time for the case involving five criteria, the saving is dramatic for the case involving 10 criteria -- the computation time reduces from 10 hr 40 min to about 1 min.This combination is being implemented in an objected-oriented programming environment (Smalltalk-80 system) to solve problems encountered in construction xxx.Method / Approach / Study / Process Model / Equation /Algorithm / Rule / Formula / TechniqueA discussion is presented of a problem-solving systemTo improve the efficiency of the method, the following approach may be applied.In order to an investigation was made to find the causes of theAlthough large collections of rules and equations have been complied, none are generallyThis approach will be explained and discussed thoroughly in the body of the report.This can be accomplished byThis algorithm to compute the total cost can be described step by step as follows:The above preliminary analysis has provided important informationVarious methods have been proposed for selecting an optimum...These concepts have been applied toOn the basis of the concept mentioned above,This can be achieved byThis fact suggests that a new conceptThis was accomplished by taking ...The preparatory stage is very time consuming process.Test are performed for validity, completeness, and compatibilityThere is little hope of achieving successful ...There has been an increasing awareness of the potential of using most ..so far made have not taken this approach, with the exception ofOnly a few studies can be found.It is a very tedious process to go throughIt is only when .. has been completed that .. may be effectedThe entire interpretation process is conducted in one's head.These approaches are sometimes very tedious.Several techniques can be usedA polynomial parametric model can be written as [the following]/[follows]:A xx model is constructed/formulated using xx.A xx model represents an xx by its xx.A process decision model captures the logic essential toFrom the equation above, xx is equal to the summation of xx times the ...The validity of a xx model can be checked using Euler's formula.Given a model, one can mathematically determine whether ... or ...Equations for xx need to be derived and implemented in the system.A number of heuristic rules have been developed forOptimum .. techniques can be made more reliable by ... so thatAn algorithm based on the characteristic ... is used to determineEuler's formula states the following:The completed model should agree with the formula.For manufacturing purposes, a detailed and precise model of the object is necessaryEngineering design models are very well defined; therefore,To keep the domain narrow enough to be implementable, yet wide enough tobe useful.Point of Viewfrom an implementation standpoint,From the point of view of this application,From this point of view, Zadeh suggested an inference rule named xxx (CRI for short).Information is the meaningful interpretation and correlation of some aggregation of data in order to allow one to make decisions.From a practical point of view, the computational aspects of an FLC require a simplification of the fuzzy control algorithm.The use of a hammer to insert screws, although partly effective, tends to distort, destroy, and generally defeat the purpose of using a screw [Kusiak AI Implications for CIM p.129]We choose the so called xx in our experiment because it has received wide acceptance and canProlog was chosen because it offers a well known and flexible environment in which fuzzy reasoning may be easily implemented.The rationale behind this is that it can be much easier for an estimator to rate a cost as high than to attempt to place a dollar value on the estimate.This strategy has been widely used in fuzzy control applications since it is natural and easy to implement.A function definition expresses the membership function of a fuzzy set in a functional form, typically a bell-shaped function, etc. Such functions are used in FLC because they lead themselves to manipulation through the use of fuzzy arithmetic.It should be noted that in our daily life most of the information on which our decisions are based is linguistic rather than numerical in nature. Seen in this perspective, fuzzy control rules provide a natural framework for the characterization of human behavior and decisions analysis.Many experts have found that fuzzy control rules provide a convenient way to express their domain knowledge. This explains why most FLCs are based on the knowledge and experience which are expressed in the language of fuzzy "if-the" rule.Chapter 4. ExamplesExample/ DataThe data used in the following example was taken from an experiment in which xx was measured between x and x using a xx technique.The data consists of over xx measurements.An example of xx is discussed and the control rules of xx are compared with a xxExamples of complex processes to which this technique may be applied are xx, xx, etc.The following example is constructed only for the purpose of illustrating the computational procedure discussed.This example clearly demonstrates that the profile of an individual xx, or a very small group of xx, with no enough data to be studied statistically, can be meaningfully analyzed by fuzzy possibilistic methods.There is no space here to go into detail on all these methods, but deserve a mention and the bibliography will point to detailed references for those wishing this level of detail.Note that the golf ball spotting example is used throughout the paper.ComparisonsAs well, the pros and cons of these representations from a process planning point of view will be discussed.The method of using xx to implement xx described by Zadeh (1973) appeared more suitable As discussed [in the previous section]/[preciously],RelationWe can not invert F' directly because it defines a many-to-one mapping.The relationships appear very complicateLifting tasks involve complex and imprecise relationship between the task variables and the human operator's characteristics.These methods are based on the relationship between ... and ...The fundamental concept of a fuzzy rating language is that we can establish a relationship among terms such as high, medium, and low, and then modify these relationships.This article will thus mention the latter as well as the former.The former two bear a close relation to a fuzzy Cartesian product.ImportanceThe emphasis is on an implementation of a general approach to rule based decision making. Consideration / AttentionCareful evaluation is necessary to ensureSuch a formulation does not change further considerations.Considerable attention has been paid toAttention should be paid to an important finding of this investigation.Caution should be exercised in this process to avoid ...l Primary consideration is given to ... components, though others can be accommodatedAfter ... has been defined by ..., a carefully analysis is carried out/performed to determine A number of factors such as ...need to be taken into consideration before making the appropriate decision.It should be noted thatIt is important to point out that ...These considerations have heightened interest in the possibility of providing ...We should stress the fundamental importance of the xxChapter 5. Results.Advantages / DisadvantageOne of the major advantages of this new measure of xx is that it can be applied to the experimental study ofOne advantage of using a .. is the ease of preparing it.The xx system is versatileIt has a very fast decision making processAll the algorithms involve mostly logical operations.l It can be easily and without additional cost implemented in a microprocessor-based environment.It can reduce the waste of designing from scratch.The advantages of using a xx to represent xx are the following:However, xx is not without its shortcomings.In most cases, the xxx shows an improvement over the existing xxx.Compared to the existing xx, the impacts of the xx are generally reduced by 5% to 9%.The "best case" results shows a savings of 6% to 9%.Most of the existing works based on xx approach can only recognize a xx .Most of the above methods are computational expansive and limited to xx.Some other advantages of xx are the following:The problem is the limitation of this method to a limited domain of parts.It proved limited in application because it demanded precision in system modeling that was impossible in practice.There are advantages to be gained in the structuring of costs and benefits, the use of xx,The disadvantages of this method are also disadvantages of conventional xx approaches.This combines the best features of both techniquesHopefully, this tool can be as the reference framework of for developing a xx platform, and helping the administration, marketing, and knowledge management activities in virtual communities.。
英文作文例子更多
英文作文例子更多1. I woke up this morning feeling refreshed and ready to take on the day. The sun was shining through my window, casting a warm glow on my face. I knew it was going to be a good day.2. As I made my way to the kitchen, the aroma offreshly brewed coffee filled the air. I couldn't resist pouring myself a cup and savoring the rich, bold flavor. It was the perfect start to my day.3. With my coffee in hand, I sat down at my desk and began tackling my to-do list. There were emails to answer, reports to review, and deadlines to meet. But I wasn't daunted. I thrive on the excitement of a busy day.4. As the morning turned into afternoon, I decided to take a break and go for a walk outside. The crisp autumnair was invigorating, and the colorful leaves crunching beneath my feet brought a smile to my face. It was a simplemoment of joy amidst the chaos of the day.5. Back at my desk, I delved into a new project that required some creative thinking. I let my imagination run wild, coming up with innovative ideas and solutions. It was exhilarating to see my thoughts come to life on paper.6. As the workday came to a close, I reflected on all that I had accomplished. It was satisfying to see my hard work pay off and to know that I had made a difference. I felt a sense of fulfillment and pride.7. In the evening, I met up with friends for dinner ata trendy restaurant. We laughed, shared stories, and enjoyed delicious food. It was the perfect way to unwind and recharge after a long day.8. Finally, as I crawled into bed, I couldn't help but feel grateful for the day I had experienced. It was a day filled with productivity, creativity, and connection. I drifted off to sleep with a contented smile on my face, excited to see what tomorrow would bring.Note: The paragraphs above are written in a way that does not follow a specific order or logical sequence, as requested. Each paragraph has a different language feature to showcase diversity in expression.。
写英文作文的例句
写英文作文的例句1. Yeah, so I was walking down the street the other day, right? And out of nowhere, this guy comes up to me andstarts asking for money. Can you believe it? I mean, Idon't even know this guy and he expects me to just handover some cash. No way, man!2. So, picture this: I'm at this really cool party last night, and the music is blasting, people are dancing like crazy. And suddenly, this guy spills his drink all over my new shirt! I was so mad, I couldn't even believe it. Like, seriously, how can someone be so careless?3. Alright, so I'm at the grocery store, minding my own business, trying to find some cereal. And this lady, out of nowhere, starts asking me a million questions about which brand is the best. I mean, come on! Can't she make up her own mind? It's just cereal, for crying out loud!4. So, I'm sitting in class, right? And the teacherstarts going on and on about some boring topic. I swear, I could feel myself falling asleep. I mean, who wants to listen to that stuff? It's like torture, I tell you!5. I was at the gym yesterday, pumping some iron, you know? And this guy comes up to me and starts giving me unsolicited advice on how to lift weights. I mean, seriously, who does he think he is? I've been doing thisfor years, I don't need some random guy telling me what to do.6. I went to this new restaurant last weekend, and let me tell you, the food was out of this world! I had this amazing steak that just melted in my mouth. I couldn't get enough of it. I'm definitely going back there soon, no doubt about it.7. So, I'm watching this new movie, right? And the plot twist at the end totally blew my mind. I did not see that coming at all. It was like a rollercoaster of emotions. I love it when a movie surprises me like that.8. I was at the beach yesterday, soaking up the sun and enjoying the waves. And suddenly, this seagull swoops down and steals my sandwich right out of my hand! I couldn't believe it. I mean, who knew seagulls could be so bold?9. I was at the mall with my friends, just window shopping and having a good time. And then, we see this group of people break out into a dance routine right in the middle of the crowd. It was like a flash mob or something. It was so unexpected, but also really cool to watch.10. I was at the concert last night, and let me tell you, the energy in that place was insane! The band was rocking out on stage, the crowd was jumping and singing along. It was like a party, man. I love live music, there's nothing quite like it.。
学位英语作文万能套用金句
学位英语作文万能套用金句英文回答：Introduction.In the realm of academic discourse, the pursuit of eloquence and clarity is a constant endeavor. To aid in this pursuit, a reservoir of versatile and impactful phrases can serve as valuable tools to enhance the written expression of scholarly ideas.Body Paragraphs.1. Argue Articulately: Engage in a nuanced and persuasive argument that effectively conveys your perspective, supported by cogent evidence and sound reasoning."It is not enough to have knowledge; one must also know how to apply it." (Marcus Tullius Cicero)。
"The greatest obstacle to discovery is not ignorance; it is the illusion of knowledge." (Daniel J. Boorstin)。
2. Delve Deeply: Explore your topic with a penetrating gaze, dissecting its complexities and uncovering hidden insights."Thinking is the hardest work there is, which is probably the reason why so few engage in it." (Henry Ford)。
英语议论文写作36个常用句型
l 前进类（用来论证好的方面）1. benefit from 从……当中获益例句：Many children who suffer from this illness will benefit from the new treatment(治疗).【主语一般为人，宾语一般为物】详解：这个句型与is beneficial to …(对……有益)的主语和宾语正好相反。
有时还可以把它们放在文章不同位置交替使用，来实现句式的多样化。
例句：Confucius' thought is beneficial to mankind. 孔子的思想有益于全人类。
例句：However, these habits are beneficial to my body.不过这些习惯是否有益于我身体。
2. Invest in 对……投资例句：Let's invest in our people without leaving them a mountain of debt.近义词汇：subsidize/sponsor/allocate to反义句型：withdraw/suspend the funding of…中止对……的投资例句：That money is used to subsidize /sponsor /allocate everything else.例句：Japan withdrew the funding of Africa.3. Promote the development of…促进……的发展例句：This championships will surely promote the development of basketball.详解：近义句型：facilitate the development of…/is a main contributor to….例句：Soil erosion is a main contributor to water pollution.4. Boost efficiency / productivity 提高效率/生产率例句：The language can simplify projects, reduce costs and boost efficiency.近义句型：enhance efficiency / productivity例句：We should constantly improve our own skills, in order to enhance efficiency.我们应该不断提高自身技术水平，以提高工作效率。
英语议论文作文万能句子
英语议论文作文万能句子举例句型1.Let's take…to illustrate this.2.let's take the above chart as an example to illustrate this.3.Here is one more example.4.Take … for example.5.The same is true of…6.This offers a typical instance of…7.We may quote a common example of…8.Just think of…表示比较和对比的常用句型和表达法1.A is completely / totally / entirely different from B.2.A and B are different in some/every way / respect / aspect.3.A and B differ in…4.A differs from B in…5.The difference between A and B is/lies in/exists in…pared with/In contrast to/Unlike A, B…7.A…，on the other hand,/in contrast,/while/whereas B…8.While it is generally believed that A …，I believe B…9.Despite their similarities, A and B are also different.10.Both A and B … However, A…; on the other hand, B…11.The most striking difference is that A…，while B…演绎法常用的句型1.There are several reasons for…， but in general, they come down to three major ones.有几个原因……，但一般，他们可以归结为三个主要的。
优秀英语作文的例句有哪些
1. The beauty of nature is a testament to the wonders of the world.2. In the tranquility of the countryside, one can find solace and peace.3. The power of education is unparalleled in shaping the minds of future generations.4. The pursuit of knowledge is a lifelong journey that enriches the soul.5. The essence of friendship lies in the unwavering support and understanding of one another.6. Success is not a destination, but a journey filled with hard work and perseverance.7. The spirit of innovation drives progress and shapes the course of history.8. Courage is not the absence of fear, but the strength to face it headon.9. Respect for diversity is the cornerstone of a harmonious society.10. The value of time is immeasurable, and its wise use can lead to great achievements.11. The bond between a parent and child is one of the most profound and enduring connections in life.12. Volunteering ones time and energy for a cause is a noble act of selflessness.13. The art of communication is a skill that can bridge gaps and foster understanding.14. The power of love transcends all barriers and unites people from all walks of life.15. The pursuit of happiness is a fundamental human desire that motivates us to strive fora better life.16. The importance of health cannot be overstated, as it is the foundation of a fulfilling life.17. The impact of technology on our lives is profound, shaping the way we work, learn, and communicate.18. The environment is a precious resource that requires our care and protection for future generations.19. The essence of leadership is the ability to inspire and guide others towards a common goal.20. The journey of selfdiscovery is a deeply personal and transformative experience.。
英文科技论文写作-经典常用例句
经典常用例句目录经典常用例句 (1)目录 (1)说明 (5)常用动词 (5)一、中性词 (5)1.（文章等）给出、研究、建立、提出、提供 (5)2.由...得到、得出、得到（结论等）.. (6)3.集中、侧重、强调、注重、聚焦、着重、投精力于 (6)4.用、使用、使用、采用、采取 (6)5.构造、形成、构成、由...构成、由...组成.. (7)6.覆盖、包括 (8)7.包含、包括、涉及 (8)8.认为、发现、观察 (9)9.基于、建立在...基础上. (9)10.在于 (10)11.放、置于 (10)12.影响 (10)13.考虑、考虑到 (10)14.回到、追溯、回归、回顾 (11)15.寻求、打算 (11)16.确定、决定、作决定 (11)17.刻画、描述、表述、描绘、叙述、陈述 (11)18.指示、显示、表明、指出、指明、标明 (11)19.意味着、推断、暗示、建议 (12)20.描述、刻画、理解 (12)21.需要指出的是、需要强调的是、需要注意的是 (12)22.推荐、建议、劝告 (12)23.展示、表现、展现 (13)24.控制、管理、监管、安排 (13)25.使得 (13)26.扩展、拓展、扩张 (13)27.改变、变更、变化、修改 (13)28.贡献、占据、捐献 (14)29.持续、维持 (14)30.近似、逼近 (14)31.接近、接触、进入 (14)32.成为 (14)33.趋势、趋向、潮流、发展（变化）方向 (14)二、褒义词 (14)1.保证、确保、担保 (14)3.证明、证实、演示、例证 (15)4.尽、尽量、尽力、尽可能的 (15)5.努力、尝试 (16)6.给出、提出、提供、给予、供给 (16)7.能、使能、能够、有能力 (16)8.增加、增长、增强、加强 (17)9.胜过、超过、比...多 (17)10.水平、有水平、高水平 (17)11.有、享有、允许有、拥有、具有、带有 (18)12.(对...)起作用、有效、运行（执行）良好 .. (19)13.优化 (19)14.支持、赞成、推荐、喜欢、更喜欢 (19)15.期待、期望、指望、有望、有希望 (19)16.提高、改进、有利于、发展、健康运行 (20)17.进行、执行、实现、贯彻、完成 (20)18.解决、克服、突破、避免 (21)19.使...简单（容易）、简洁、简便、方便、简单 . (22)20.优点、利益、好处 (22)21.有价值、具有理论价值、使用价值（工程使用、价值） (22)常用名词 (23)一、中性词 (23)I.单纯性名词 (23)II.动词的名词形式 (23)III.动名词 (23)二、褒义词 (23)I.单纯性名词 (23)II.动词的名词形式 (23)III.动名词 (23)三、贬义词 (23)I.单纯性名词 (23)II.动词的名词形式 (24)III.动名词 (24)常用连词 (24)一、比、象、如、连（联） (24)1.象、如、例如、正如 (24)2.联系、相关、联合、连接、关联、关系 (24)3.相似、类似、和...一样（相似）. (24)4.比、比较、对比 (25)5.比...好，优于、超过、比...高、不亚于. (27)6.比...差、不如、不比...好、比...少 (27)二、因为、为了、所以、目标、观点、角度 (28)1.因为、由于、鉴于、归功于、归因于 (28)2.因此，所以 (29)4.目标、目的 (29)5.从...观点来看、从...角度讲、在...意义下、以...意义来看 .. (30)常用短语/习语、常用副词/介词 (30)1.在...的前沿，在...领域.. (30)2.在...框架内. (30)3.事先、预先、先于、在...以前、先前的、在前的 (30)4.适合于、适用于、可行的 (30)5.重要的、有用的、本质的、关键的、有益的、作为工具的 (31)6.剩余的、其余的、剩下的 (31)7.详细的、详细地 (31)8.以...（速度、顺序、尺寸、步长、字体等等）. (32)9.就...而言、从...方面来看、在...方面.. (32)10.倾向于、易于 (32)11.可接受的、能接受的 (32)12.直接的、直截了当的、显然的、平凡的、容易的 (32)13.可利用的、可获得的、空闲的 (32)14.上（半）部分、下（半）部分、左（右）上部、左（右）下部 (33)15.稍微的（地）、稍稍的（地）、稍许 (33)16.显然、明显的 (33)17.大量的、丰富的 (33)18.怎样、怎么 (33)19.无论如何...、不管如何...、无论何事 (34)语法及特殊结构、用法 (34)1.现在分词的用法 (34)2.过去分词的用法 (36)3.不定式的用法：作宾语、作后置定语 (37)4.缩写、略写、省略句 (38)5.特殊符号的用法 (39)6.特殊句式 (39)7.（特殊）语法结构：独立主格结构、虚拟语气等等 (40)负面表述 (42)一、否定形式 (42)1.Not及No的形式否定 (42)2.介词意义否定 (43)3.动词意义否定 (43)4.短语意义否定 (43)5.形容词短语意义否定 (44)6.形容词、副词及其比较级意义否定 (44)7.前缀及后缀否定 (45)8.连词意义否定 (45)二、贬义动词 (46)1.出现、发生、遇到、遭遇 (46)2.牵扯、牵涉、卷入、包含 (47)3.阻止 (47)4.导致、引起、招致、受困于 (47)5.掩盖、遮住、隐瞒、隐藏 (48)6.欺骗、被骗 (48)7.忽略、忽视、省略、避免 (48)8.除...外、除...外（还有）. (49)9.排除、去除、删除、去掉、移动 (49)10.降低、减少、退化、恶化、减小 (49)11.失败、失效、舍弃 (50)12.歪曲、曲解、扭曲 (50)13.滥用、混淆、盲目 (50)14.要求、需要、必需、必需品、必须 (50)三、贬义短语、名词、形容词、介词、连词 (52)1.不便，麻烦，繁重 (52)2.破费、昂贵、在损害...的情况下、以损害...为代价.. (52)3.冒险、风险 (52)4.挑战 (52)5.缺点、缺陷、局限、不利条件 (53)6.困难、麻烦、障碍、损失（不利结果） (53)7.苛刻的、苛求的、受限的、有限的 (54)8.差、差的、最差、最差的 (54)9.尽管、不管、不论 (54)四、矛盾（常用于反证法） (55)五、区别、不同、和...不同.. (55)图、表、例 (55)1.图 (55)2.表 (56)3.例 (56)文章的结尾部分 (56)1.经验、教训 (56)2.总结、概括、报告、结论 (56)3.将来的工作（研究）、开放性的问题 (57)4.附录 (57)5.感谢、感激 (57)6.（文献）引用、参考 (58)专业知识 (59)一、控制 (59)二、测量 (59)三、神经网络 (59)1.数据及其处理 (59)2.神经网络的结构和算法 (60)3.神经网络的训练 (61)4.神经网络训练的偏差和精度 (61)5.神经网络训练的收敛性（稳定） (62)6.神经网络的逼近性能和特点 (63)数学常用语 (63)1.向量、空间、系统的维数 (63)2.微分、求导、初等变换、可微的（可导的）、导数 (63)3.解方程、给出...的解 (64)4.张成向量空间、取秩 (64)5.距离、度量 (64)6.平方根 (64)7.区间 (64)8.精度、准确性、精确性 (64)9.前提、前提条件、充要条件 (64)10.在...情况/条件/背景/前提下、背景、情况、前提.. (65)11.满足条件、满足要求、条件成立、结论成立 (66)12.可能性、概率、百分比 (66)13.（作）差、距离、差值 (67)14.带入、替代 (67)15.迭代 (68)16.划分、分类、分组、分解 (68)17.逐步、逐点、逐渐 (68)18.等价、等于 (68)19.收敛、收敛速度 (69)20.有限步内 (69)21.计算、计算量 (69)说明1.“经典常用例句”在其注释中包含“经典短语、经典搭配”等；2. 这些例句均摘自“美国（或英国）原版外文材料（论文或图书）”，完全值得信赖和模仿。
论文总结句英文(共4篇)
在介绍部分的最后，我们有时还需要去说明论文整体的叙述结构。
◆ The first section of this paper will examine…◆ This paper begins by …◆ It will then go on to …◆ My thesis is composed of four themed chapters.◆ The essay has been organised in the following way.更多例句参见下表：Body是论文的主体部分，在具体内容方面我们没有通用的句型，不过几个固定部分我们还是可以借鉴的：论文总结句英文第2篇在描述研究方法时，我们有时会需要说明某种方法的优劣，我们为什么选择它。
◆ A major advantage of X is that …◆ The benefit of this approach is that …◆ X based methods provide a means of …◆ X was selected for its reliability and validity.更多例句参见下表：有时候我们可能会用到问卷设计，需要对问卷进行说明。
◆ Seven questions, adapted from X, assessed …◆ All survey questions utilised a 5-point Likert scale.◆ Using a 5-point Likert scale, participants were asked …更多例句参见下表：最后，我们可以适当展望一下未来，对进一步的研究提出建议。
◆ The question raised by this study is …◆ The study should be repeated using …◆ This would be a fruitful area for further work.◆ A natural progression of this work is to analyse …更多例句参见下表：好了，上面就是一些我们在论文写作中可以用到的句型，大家可以根据需要使用。
英文学术论文写作常用句型
一、~~~ the + ~ est + 名词+ (that) + 主词+ have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)~~~ the most + 形容词+ 名词+ (that) + 主词+ have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)Lack of interpersonal skills is one of the most serious defects that we have ever kn own about today’s college stude nts.缺乏人际交往技能是我们迄今所知的当今大学生的最大缺陷。
二、Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + VNothing is + more + 形容词+ than to + V例句：For parents, nothing is more important than to educate children in a proper way.没有比以一种正确方式教育孩子更重要的事情了。
三、~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much.（再怎么强调...的重要性也不为过。
）例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting celebrities’ privacy too much.我们再怎么强调保护名人隐私的也不为过。
四、There is no denying that + S + V ...（不可否认的...）例句：There is no denying that the practical ity of our higher education has gone from bad to worse.不可否认的，我们高等教育的实用性已经每况愈下。
英文科技论文写作经典常用例句
英文科技论文写作经典常用例句在当前的学术领域，英文科技论文写作成为了一个必要的技能。
在此过程中，例句的使用是不可或缺的因素。
在这篇文章中，我们将会介绍一些经典和常用的英文科技论文例句，帮助你更好的理解和应用这些例句。
1. Paper introduction在论文引言部分，你需要尽快抓住读者的注意力。
下面是一些可以帮助你写作引言部分的例句：- The present paper aims to investigate…- Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in…- Nowadays, various methods have been proposed to…- The urgent need for… has prompted researchers to investigate…2. Literature review对于一个好的文献回顾来说，需要您引用相关文献，探讨现有的研究和进展，和这些文献有关的观点可以用如下的例句：- According to previous research,…- Prior studies have shown that…- Several authors have proposed…- Previous studies have demonstrated that…3. Materials and methods在材料和方法部分，需要详细的说明您的研究方法和实验过程。
如下是几个常用的例句：- The study employed a questionnaire consisting of several items…- A survey was condu cted to collect data on…- In order to test the hypothesis, a controlled experiment was conducted…- The data was analyzed using a variety of statistical techniques…4. Results在结果部分，您应该总结您的数据，并展示您的研究结果。
英文作文举例论证
英文作文举例论证1. In my opinion, traveling is one of the best ways to broaden our horizons. When we visit a new place, we are exposed to different cultures, customs, and ways of life. For example, when I traveled to Japan, I was amazed bytheir attention to detail and their respect for traditions. This experience taught me to appreciate the beauty of diversity and to be more open-minded towards unfamiliar things.2. Another important aspect of life is education. Whether we are studying in a formal institution or learning through our own experiences, education helps us to grow and develop as individuals. For instance, I learned a lot about teamwork and leadership when I participated in a volunteer project in my community. Through this experience, I discovered my own strengths and weaknesses, and I gained valuable skills that I can apply in my future endeavors.3. Relationships are also a crucial part of our lives.We all need social connections and support from others to thrive and be happy. For example, I have a close friend who always listens to me when I need someone to talk to. She has helped me through some tough times and has encouraged me to pursue my dreams. Having such a positive influence in my life has made me a better person and has taught me the importance of being there for others.4. Health is another key element of a fulfilling life. Taking care of our physical and mental well-being is essential for our happiness and success. For instance, I started practicing yoga a few years ago, and it has had a profound impact on my life. Not only has it improved my flexibility and strength, but it has also helped me to manage stress and find inner peace. Making time for self-care and prioritizing our health is crucial for a happy and fulfilling life.5. Finally, I believe that pursuing our passions and interests is essential for a fulfilling life. Whether it's a hobby, a career, or a cause we care about, having something that we are passionate about gives us a sense ofpurpose and fulfillment. For example, I love writing and have always dreamed of becoming a published author. Pursuing this passion has brought me joy and fulfillment, even in the face of challenges and setbacks. Finding and pursuing our passions is an important part of living a happy and meaningful life.。
英文作文举例例句
英文作文举例例句1. "Oh my god, that movie was absolutely mind-blowing! The special effects were out of this world, and the plot had so many unexpected twists and turns. I was on the edge of my seat the entire time!"2. "I can't believe how delicious this pizza is! The crust is perfectly crispy, and the cheese is so gooey and flavorful. And the toppings? They're just bursting with freshness and taste. I could eat this every day!"3. "Wow, that concert was insane! The energy in the crowd was electric, and the band's performance was on fire. They played all my favorite songs, and the atmosphere was just incredible. I never wanted it to end!"4. "I had the most amazing vacation ever! The beach was stunning, with crystal clear waters and soft, white sand. And the resort? It was like a paradise. The staff were so friendly and attentive, and the food was to die for. I wishI could stay there forever!"5. "This book is a real page-turner! The suspense is killing me, and I can't wait to find out what happens next. The author's writing style is so engaging, and the characters are so well-developed. I just can't put itdown!"6. "I can't believe how beautiful this painting is. The colors are so vibrant, and the brushstrokes are so delicate. It's like the artist captured a moment in time and broughtit to life. I could stare at it for hours and still not get enough."7. "That roller coaster was absolutely insane! Thedrops were stomach-churning, and the twists and turns were so unexpected. It was an adrenaline rush like no other. I screamed and laughed the entire time!"8. "This new restaurant is a game-changer. The menu is so diverse, with dishes from all around the world. The flavors are so unique and bold, and the presentation islike a work of art. It's a culinary experience like no other."9. "I can't believe how talented this dancer is. Their movements are so fluid and graceful, and they seem to defy gravity. It's like they're telling a story with their body, and I'm completely captivated by their performance."10. "That basketball game was insane! The players were on fire, making incredible shots and pulling off unbelievable dunks. The crowd was going wild, and the energy in the arena was palpable. It was a nail-biting, edge-of-your-seat kind of game."。
英文论文写作常用句子
Beginningl In this paper, we focus on the need forl This paper proceeds as follow.l The structure of the paper is as follows.l In this paper, we shall first briefly introduce fuzzy sets and related conceptsl To begin with we will provide a brief background on theIntroductionl This will be followed by a description of the fuzzy nature of the problem and a detailed presentation of how the required membership functions are defined.l Details on xx and xx are discussed in later sections.l In the next section, after a statement of the basic problem, various situations involving possibility knowledge are investigated: first, an entirely possibility model is proposed; then the cases of a fuzzy service time with stochastic arrivals and non‑fuzzy service rule is studied; lastly, fuzzy service rule are considered. Reviewl This review is followed by an introduction.l A brief summary of some of the relevant concepts in xxx and xxx is presented in Section 2.l In the next section a brief view of the .... is given.l In the next section, a short review of ... is given with special regard to ...l Section 2 reviews relevant research related to xx.l Section 1.1 briefly surveys the motivation for a methodology of action, while 1.2 looks at the difficulties posed by the complexity of systems and outlines the need for development of possibility methods.Bodyl Section 1 defines the notion of robustness, and argues for its importance.l Section 1 devoted to the basic aspects of the FLC decision‑making logic.l Section 2 gives the background of the problem which includes xxxl Section 2 discusses some problems with and approaches to, natural language understanding.l Section 2 explains how flexibility which often ... can be expressed in terms of fuzzy time‑windowl Section 3 discusses the aspects of fuzzy set theory that are used in the ...l Section 3 describes the system itself in a general way, including the ..and also discusses how to evaluate system performance.l Section 3 describes a new measure of xx.l Section 3 demonstrates the use of fuzzy possibility theory in the analysis of xx. l Section 3 is a fine description of fuzzy formulation of human decision.l Section 3, is developed to the modeling and processing of fuzzy decision rulesl The main idea of the FLC is described in Section 3 while Section 4 describes the xx strategies.l Section 3 and 4 show experimental studies for verifying the proposed model. l Section 4 discusses a previous fuzzy set‑based approach to cost variance investigation.l Section 4 gives a specific example of xxx.l Section 4 is the experimental study to make a fuzzy model of memory process. l Section 4 contains a discussion of the implication of the results of Section 2 and 3.l Section 4 applies this fuzzy measure to the analysis of xx and illustrate its use on experimental data.l Section 5 presents the primary results of the paper: a fuzzy set model ..l Section 5 contains some conclusions plus some ideas for further work.l Section 6 illustrate the model with an example.l Various ways of fuzzification and the reasons for their choice are discussed very briefly in Section 2.l In Section 2 are presented the block diagram expression of a whole modelof human DM systeml In Section 2 we shall list a collection of basic assumptions which a ... scheme must satisfy.l In Section 2 of this paper, we present representation and uniqueness theorems for the fundamental measurement of fuzziness when the domain of discourse is order‑dense.l In Section 3, we describe the preliminary results of an empirical study currently in progress to verify the measurement model and to construct membership functions.l In Section 5 is analyzed the inference process through the two kinds of inference experiments...This Sectionl In this section, the characteristics and environment under which MRP is designed are described.l We will provide in this section basic terminologies and notations whichare necessary for the understanding of subsequent results.Next Sectionl The next section describes the mathematics that goes into the computer implementation of such fuzzy logic statements.l However, it is cumbersome for this purpose and in practical applications the formulae were rearranged and simplified as discussed in the next section.l The three components will be described in the next two section, and an example of xx analysis of a computer information system will then illustrate their use.l We can interpret the results of Experiments I and II as in the following sections.l The next section summarizes the method in a from that is useful for arguments based on xxSummaryl This paper concludes with a discussion of future research consideration in section 5.l Section 5 summarizes the results of this investigation.l Section 5 gives the conclusions and future directions of research.l Section 7 provides a summary and a discussion of some extensions of the paper.l Finally, conclusions and future work are summarizedl The basic questions posed above are then discussed and conclusions are drawn. l Section 7 is the conclusion of the paper.Chapter 0. Abstractl A basic problem in the design of xx is presented by the choice of a xx rate for the measurement of experimental variables.l This paper examines a new measure of xx in xx based on fuzzy mathematics which overcomes the difficulties found in other xx measures.l This paper describes a system for the analysis of the xx.l The method involves the construction of xx from fuzzy relations.l The procedure is useful in analyzing how groups reach a decision.l The technique used is to employ a newly developed and versatile xx algorithms.l The usefulness of xx is also considered.l A brief methodology used in xx is discussed.l The analysis is useful in xx and xx problem.l A model is developed for a xx analysis using fuzzy matrices.l Algorithms to combine these estimates and produce a xx are presented and justified.l The use of the method is discussed and an example is given.l Results of an experimental applications of this xx analysis procedure are given to illustrate the proposed technique.l This paper analyses problems inl This paper outlines the functions carried out by ...l This paper includes an illustration of the ...l This paper provides an overview and information useful for approachingl Emphasis is placed on the construction of a criterion function by which the xx in achieving a hierarchical system of objectives are evaluated.l The main emphasis is placed on the problem of xxl Our proposed model is verified through experimental study.l The experimental results reveal interesting examples of fuzzy phases of : xx,xxl The compatibility of a project in terms of cost, and xx are likewise represented by linguistic variables.l A didactic example is included to illustrate the computational procedure Chapter 1. IntroductionTimel Over the course of the past 30 years, .. has emerged form intuitivel Technological revolutions have recently hit the industrial worldl The advent of ... systems for has had a significant impact on thel The development of ... is exploredl During the past decade, the theory of fuzzy sets has developed in a variety of directions,l The concept of xx was investigated quite intensively in recent yearsl There has been a turning point in ... methodology in accordance with the advent of ...l A major concern in ... today is to continue to improve...l A xx is a latecomer in the part representation arena.l At the time of this writing, there is still no standard way of xxl Although a lot of effort is being spent on improving these weaknesses, the efficient and effective method has yet to be developed.l The pioneer work can be traced to xx [1965].l To date, none of the methods developed is perfect and all are far from ready to be used in commercial systems.Objective / Goal / Purposel The purpose of the inference engine can be outlined as follows:l The ultimate goal of the xx system is to allow the non‑experts to utilize the existing knowledge in the area of manual handling of loads, and to provide intelligent, computer‑aided instruction for xxx.l The paper concerns the development of a xxl The scope of this research lies inl The main theme of the paper is the application of rule‑based decision making.l These objectives are to be met with such thoroughness and confidence as to permit ...l The objectives of the ... operations study are as follows:l The primary purpose/consideration/objective ofl The ultimate goal of this concept is to providel The main objective of such a ... system is tol The aim of this paper is to provide methods to construct such probability distribution.l In order to achieve these objectives, an xx must meet the following requirements:l In order to take advantage of their similarityl more research is still required before final goal of ... can be completedl In this trial, the objective is to generate...l for the sake of concentrating on ... research issuesl A major goal of this report is to extend the utilization of a recently developed procedure for the xx.l For an illustrative purpose, four well‑known OR problems are studied in presence of fuzzy data: xx.l A major thrust of the paper is to discuss approaches and strategies for structuring ..methodsl This illustration points out the need to specifyl The ultimate goal is both descriptive and prescriptive.l Chapter 2. Literature Reviewl A wealth of information is to be found in the statistics literature, for example, regarding xxl A considerable amount of research has been done .. during the last decadel A great number of studies report on the treatment of uncertainties associated with xx.l There is considerable amount of literature on planningl However, these studies do not provide much attention to undertainty in xx.l Since then, the subject has been extensively explored and it is still under investigation as well in methodological aspects as in concrete applications.l Many research studies have been carried out on this topic.l Problem of xx draw recently more and more attention of system analysis.l Attempts to resolve this dilemma have resulted in the development ofl Many complex processes unfortunately, do not yield to this design procedure and have, therefore, not yet been automated.l Most of the methods developed so far are deterministic and /or probabilistic in nature.l The central issue in all these studies is tol The problem of xx has been studied by other investigators, however, these studies have been based upon classical statistical approaches.l Applied ... techniques tol Characterized the ... system asl Developed an algorithm tol Developed a system called ... whichl Uses an iterative algorithm to deducel Emphasized the need tol Identifies six key issues surrounding high technologyl A comprehensive study of the .. has been undertakenl Much work has been reported recently in these filedl Proposedl Presentedl State thatl Point out that the problem ofl Describedl Illustratedl Indicatedl Has shown / showedl Addressl Highlightsl A study on ...was done / developed by []l Previous work, such as [] and [], deal only withl The approach taken by [] isl The system developed by [] consistsl A paper relevant to this research was published by []l []'s model requires consideration of ..l []' model draws attention to evolution in human developmentl []'s model focuses on...l Little research has been conducted in applying ... tol The published information that is relevant to this research...l This study further shows thatl Their work is based on the principle ofl More history of ... can be found in xx et al. [1979].l Studies have been completed to establishedl The ...studies indicated thatl Though application of xx in the filed of xx has proliferated in recent years, effort in analyzing xx, especially xx, is lacking.Problem / Issue / Questionl Unfortunately, real-world engineering problems such as manufacturing planning do not fit well with this narrowly defined model. They tend to span broad activities and require consideration of multiple aspects.l Remedy / solve / alleviate these problemsl ... is a difficult problem, yet to be adequately resolvedl Two major problems have yet to be addressedl An unanswered questionl This problem in essence involves using x to obtain a solution.l An additional research issue to be tackled is ....l Some important issues in developing a ... system are discussedl The three prime issues can be summarized:l The situation leads to the problem of how to determine the ...l There have been many attempts tol It is expected to be serious barrier tol It offers a simple solution in a limited domain for a complex problem.l There are several ways to get around this problem.l As difficult as it seems to be, xx is by no means new.l The problem is to recognize xx from a design representation.l A xx problem can trace its roots to xx.l xx [1987] used a heuristic approach to simplify the complexity of the problem. l Several problems are associated with them.l Although some progress has been made in this area, at least two major obstacles must be overcome before a fully automated system can be realized.l Most problems in practice are complicatedl More problem surface here.l Hamper effort toward a xx systeml In order to overcome the limitations due to incomplete and imprecise xx knowledge, a xx program has been developed, which bases its knowledge upon the statistical analysis of a sample population of xxl The above difficulties are real challenges faced by researchers attempting to developl This type of mapping raises no controversy to the issue of membership function determination.l However, attempts to quantify the xx have met both theoretical and empirical problems.l It has become apparent that in order to apply this new methodological framework to real‑world problems and data, we have to pay attention to the problems of xx and xx.Chapter 3. Proposed methodologyAssumptionl In the case when the assumption of a xx seems to be too restrictive or inadequate, the formulation with Fuzzy termination time, i.e. given by a fuzzy set in the space of control stages, may be applied.l We assume here the fuzzy constraints to be state‑dependent, and the fuzzy goal to be the same for all the control states, xx, which stems from the problem's nature.l An approach to the solution of this problem is presented under the assumption that the sampling rate Decision can be made prior to the execution of the experiment, as opposed to being made while the experiment is in progress.l Another assumption made above is that there are precise odds at which the expert is indifferent.l Main simplifying assumptions are:l This, in our view, is a questionable assumption.Outline / Structure / Modulel An outline of the researchl Information is incorporated within the schemel Is built into ... structurel A nice modular structure.l The principles of ... are applied as modularized criteriaClassificationl A xx system comprises three main components:l Must decompose the original .. into a set of ..l Consists of the following steps:l This is summarized in the following steps:l Can be broadly classified into the following areas:l Can be characterized by its function of effectively processing thel Can allow further breadth of application of ...into morel The following steps should be followedl xx can be classified by a different ways.l Based on the xx, one may classify xx into the following:l This catalog may change due to wear, breakage, and purchasing.Systeml Unlike many conventional program, expert systems do not usually deal with problem for which there is clearly a right or wrong answer.l The system consists of both ... and ...l The system has a hierarchical modular architecture organized on three levels. l expert system domains are area of expertisel To develop a xx system for xx, the following factors must be considered:l The system has been developed / designed to determinel The system has proven to be able tol The domain in which an expert system operates is a particular domainl The system comprises a ... withl The system is [feature-oriented ] / based on the ... techniquel The system environment must be relatively stablel The system is utilized to generate, load, store, update and retrieve ...l The development of a xx system has two stages: xx stage and xx stage.l The most essential part of .. system is the ...l The successful developments in ESs have made them an important tool in the development ofl An automated system was developed forl In this case, the system can be considered to be generative.l An interactive automatic ... systeml A .. is commonly thought of as a truly integrated .. systeml Should be capable of being generated from a ... systeml xx is an important part of the integrated system.l The model consists of four rule bases, each of which addresses a separate problem in the hierarchy of scheduling decision.l The rule bases are linked to each other in a chin‑like manner in the sense that the consequent of one rule base constitutes a part of the antecedent of the next rule base.l The rule base consists of all possible combinations of the linguistic terms associated with the linguistic variable of the antecedent of a rule.Computer Systeml The system has been implemented using Prolog language in an MS‑DOS environment. Prolog was chosen because it offers a well known and flexible environment in which fuzzy reasoning may be easily implemented.l The current version of the xx program when compiled with WATFOR77 result s in an executable code of about 270K bytes. Typical run time, when run on aXX computer (an IBM compatible machine) operating at 4.77 Mhz with 640K RAM, ranges from 10 min to 2h, depending on the size (or complexity) of the problem.l Time consuming procedures have been implemented in C‑language and directly linked to the Prolog environment.l The xx process, once the xx's data has been entered, requires approximately 180 seconds.l It should be noted that the computation was done with a 20 Hhz, 80386 209;based microcomputer equipped with a 80387 math co‑processor.l The computer programs used for the analyses, one based on the xx method and the other based on the new method, were written in FORTRAN with a compiler that supports the math co‑processor.l Lisp, Prolog give maximum flexibility but also maximizes development time. l Internal representation is the way a model is represented in the computer.l An interactive menu-driven procedure is used in this studyl Shell can be develop very fast at the cost of time fairly severe limitations.l While there is no measurable saving of time for the case involving five criteria, the saving is dramatic for the case involving 10 criteria -- the computation time reduces from 10 hr 40 min to about 1 min.l This combination is being implemented in an objected‑oriented programming environment (Smalltalk‑80 system) to solve problems encountered in construction xxx.Method / Approach / Study / Process Model / Equation /Algorithm / Rule / Formula / Techniquel A discussion is presented of a problem-solving systeml To improve the efficiency of the method, the following approach may be applied.l In order to an investigation was made to find the causes of thel Although large collections of rules and equations have been complied, none are generally acceptedl This approach will be explained and discussed thoroughly in the body of the report.l This can be accomplished byl This algorithm to compute the total cost can be described step by step as follows:l The above preliminary analysis has provided important informationl Various methods have been proposed for selecting an optimum...l These concepts have been applied tol On the basis of the concept mentioned above,l This can be achieved byl This fact suggests that a new conceptl This was accomplished by taking ...l The preparatory stage is very time consuming process.l Test are performed for validity, completeness, and compatibilityl There is little hope of achieving successful ...l There has been an increasing awareness of the potential of using most ..so far made have not taken this approach, with the exception ofl Only a few studies can be found.l It is a very tedious process to go throughl It is only when .. has been completed that .. may be effectedl The entire interpretation process is conducted in one's head.l These approaches are sometimes very tedious.l Several techniques can be usedl A polynomial parametric model can be written as [the following]/[follows]:l A xx model is constructed/formulated using xx.l A xx model represents an xx by its xx.l A process decision model captures the logic essential tol From the equation above, xx is equal to the summation of xx times the ...l The validity of a xx model can be checked using Euler's formula.l Given a model, one can mathematically determine whether ... or ...l Equations for xx need to be derived and implemented in the system.l A number of heuristic rules have been developed forl Optimum .. techniques can be made more reliable by ... so thatl An algorithm based on the characteristic ... is used to determinel Euler's formula states the following:l The completed model should agree with the formula.l For manufacturing purposes, a detailed and precise model of the object is necessaryl Engineering design models are very well defined; therefore,l To keep the domain narrow enough to be implementable, yet wide enough to be useful.Point of Viewl from an implementation standpoint,l From the point of view of this application,l From this point of view, Zadeh suggested an inference rule named xxx (CRI for short).l Information is the meaningful interpretation and correlation of some aggregation of data in order to allow one to make decisions.l From a practical point of view, the computational aspects of an FLC require a simplification of the fuzzy control algorithm.l The use of a hammer to insert screws, although partly effective, tends to distort, destroy, and generally defeat the purpose of using a screw [Kusiak AI Implications for CIM p.129]Justificationl We choose the so called xx in our experiment because it has received wide acceptance and canl Prolog was chosen because it offers a well known and flexible environment in which fuzzy reasoning may be easily implemented.l The rationale behind this is that it can be much easier for an estimator to rate a cost as high than to attempt to place a dollar value on the estimate.l This strategy has been widely used in fuzzy control applications since it is natural and easy to implement.l A function definition expresses the membership function of a fuzzy set in a functional form, typically a bell‑shaped function, etc. Such functions are used in FLC because they lead themselves to manipulation through the use of fuzzy arithmetic.l It should be noted that in our daily life most of the information on which our decisions are based is linguistic rather than numerical in nature. Seen in this perspective, fuzzy control rules provide a natural framework for the characterization of human behavior and decisions analysis.l Many experts have found that fuzzy control rules provide a convenient way to express their domain knowledge. This explains why most FLCs are based on the knowledge and experience which are expressed in the language of fuzzy "if‑the" rule.Chapter 4. ExamplesExample/ Datal The data used in the following example was taken from an experiment in which xx was measured between x and x using a xx technique.l The data consists of over xx measurements.l An example of xx is discussed and the control rules of xx are compared with a xxl Examples of complex processes to which this technique may be applied are xx, xx, etc.l The following example is constructed only for the purpose of illustrating the computational procedure discussed.l This example clearly demonstrates that the profile of an individual xx, or a very small group of xx, with no enough data to be studied statistically, can be meaningfully analyzed by fuzzy possibilistic methods.l There is no space here to go into detail on all these methods, but deserve a mention and the bibliography will point to detailed references for those wishing this level of detail.l Note that the golf ball spotting example is used throughout the paper. Comparisonsl As well, the pros and cons of these representations from a process planning point of view will be discussed.l The method of using xx to implement xx described by Zadeh (1973) appeared more suitablel As discussed [in the previous section]/[preciously],Relationl We can not invert F' directly because it defines a many-to-one mapping.l The relationships appear very complicatel Lifting tasks involve complex and imprecise relationship between the task variables and the human operator's characteristics.l These methods are based on the relationship between ... and ...l The fundamental concept of a fuzzy rating language is that we can establish a relationship among terms such as high, medium, and low, and then modify these relationships.l This article will thus mention the latter as well as the former.l The former two bear a close relation to a fuzzy Cartesian product. Importancel The emphasis is on an implementation of a general approach to rule based decision making.Consideration / Attentionl Careful evaluation is necessary to ensurel Such a formulation does not change further considerations.l Considerable attention has been paid tol Attention should be paid to an important finding of this investigation.l Caution should be exercised in this process to avoid ...l Primary consideration is given to ... components, though others can be accommodatedl After ... has been defined by ..., a carefully analysis is carried out/performed to determinel A number of factors such as ...need to be taken into consideration before making the appropriate decision.l It should be noted thatl It is important to point out that ...l These considerations have heightened interest in the possibility of providing ... l We should stress the fundamental importance of the xxChapter 5. Results.Advantages / Disadvantagel One of the major advantages of this new measure of xx is that it can be applied to the experimental study ofl One advantage of using a .. is the ease of preparing it.l The xx system is versatilel It has a very fast decision making processl All the algorithms involve mostly logical operations.l It can be easily and without additional cost implemented in a microprocessor‑based environment.l It can reduce the waste of designing from scratch.l The advantages of using a xx to represent xx are the following:l However, xx is not without its shortcomings.l In most cases, the xxx shows an improvement over the existing xxx.l Compared to the existing xx, the impacts of the xx are generally reduced by 5% to 9%.l The "best case" results shows a savings of 6% to 9%.l Most of the existing works based on xx approach can only recognize a xx .l Most of the above methods are computational expansive and limited to xx.l Some other advantages of xx are the following:l The problem is the limitation of this method to a limited domain of parts.l It proved limited in application because it demanded precision in system modeling that was impossible in practice.l There are advantages to be gained in the structuring of costs and benefits, the use of xx,l The disadvantages of this method are also disadvantages of conventional xx approaches.l This combines the best features of both techniquesl Hopefully, this tool can be as the reference framework of for developing a xx platform, and helping the administration, marketing, and knowledge management activities in virtual communities.Resultsl An improvement on the result shown above can be made by based on the data providedl Discussion of these theories is beyond the scope of this reviewl Based on the information contained in thisl The result can be categorized into nine classesl The results are illustrated by an examplel The experimental results for each xx time are reported in Table 2.l From the results obtained so far, it seem thatl Because of the inaccuracy of the ..., a conclusion cannot be drawn asl Although much effort has been made to., this reality is far from completion.l The results indicate that the total benefits are higher than the total costs.。
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杨跃，实用科技英语翻译研究，西安：西安交通大学出版社，2008所谓“通顺”，就是在确切理解和掌握原文的基础上，汉语译文必须规范化，用词造句应符合汉语表达习惯，力求通顺易懂。
要摆脱原文形式的束缚，不要逐词死译，生搬硬套，选用符合汉语习惯的表达方式，把愿意清楚明白的再现出来。
科技译文的通顺还要符合专业表达的习惯，采用规范的专业语言，只在形式上忠实于原文，还不算是好的译文。
在EST翻译中，陆殿杨提出一条原则:“Translate literally, if possible, or appear to f ree translation.”(能直译就尽量直译，不能直译就采取意译。
)译好科技英语需要具备的三个条件：对英语要比较精通（Good command of English）;汉语水平要比较高（Good command of Chinese）;对有关的科技内容要比较熟悉，即知识水平（Familiarity with Knowledge of Science and Technology）一般来说，从事科技翻译工作，最好是通晓外语的本行专家，由熟悉本行业的行家翻译出来的东西，远比精通外语的门外汉要强得多。
严复翻译的三字标准“信、达、雅”。
求其信，已大难矣！故信矣，不达，虽译，犹不译也，则达尚焉。
易曰修辞立诚，子曰词达而已，又曰言之无文，行之不远。
三者乃文章正轨，亦即为译事楷模，故信达而外，求其尔雅。
此不仅期以行远已耳，实则经理微言。
用汉以前字法句法，以为达易；用近世利俗文字，以求达雅，往往意义就词，毫厘千里。
审择于斯二者之间，夫固有所不得已也。
（《天演论》译例言，1898）林语堂：忠实、通顺、美傅雷：神似钱钟书：化境对于“美（雅）”，尚有争议。
但“忠实”和“通顺”已成公认标准。
1. Relatively little research has been centered on the feeding behavior of this species because of difficulty in its detection and capture.2. This conclusion, however, was based on limited feeding observation and irregular occurrence of these “sap-site” trees.3. Other studies conducted analysis on faecal samples from north Queensland and Victoria respectively to determine feeding behavior.4. These studies found…….5. Qualitative observations of feeding behavior in gliders have also been carried out.6. This study aims at achieving this by addressing the following question.7. During a ten-year period of time, the number of HIV-infected children rose from 250 in 1985to 6700 in 1995.In other words, the number of HIV-infected children under 12 increased by almost 3000%, or nearly 30 times over a ten-year period of time and during the same period of time 3811 child died of AIDs.8. Registered students from Henan were 49 in 2001, 50 in 2002 and 47 in 2003. So changes are small with regard to this group over the last three years. Turning to students from Shandong, we find the figure 34 in 2001, and in 2002, the number was almost doubled to settle around 67. In 2003, it fell to 42. The last group is students from Shanxi. As you can see, the number was cut down by half in 2003 compared with the number in 2001.9. Although studies have shown that diet has an important influence on a mammal’s overall biology, little is known about the feeding ecology of many Australian species.10. Advanced ceramic materials such as zirconia have great potential as substitutes for traditional material in many engineering applications; however, a number of problems have thus far restricted their use by engineers. Two of the major problems are difficulties in producing products of reliable and consistent quality and high cost of manufacture.11、The motion of ions is the motion of such atoms as have gained, or lost electrons, which in most cases takes place in chemical solutions.离子的运动，也就是已经得到或失去电子的原子的运动，这种运动大多发生在化学溶液中。
12、Every body continues in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line, unless acted upon by an external force.物体如不受外力作用，将保持静止或匀速直线运动状态。
It assumes that a pn junction acts like a 0.7-V battery which is either ON or OFF, depending on the input –signal magnitude.假定PN结的作用相当于一个0.7伏的电池，其处于开启或闭合的状态取决于输入信号的大小。
13、It is found that agreement between the characteristics of the model and experimental measurements is quite good.结果发现，这一模型的特性与实验测量结果非常吻合。
14、A capacitor is a device consisting of two conductors separated by a nonconductor. 电容器是由绝缘体隔开的两个导体组成的一种器件。
15、Most gas lasers, operating on the same basic principle, have the advantage of being able to emit their coherent beams continuously.大多数气体激光器的基本工作原理是相同的，它们的优点是能够连续地发射相干光束。
In this case electrons will possess more energy, thus increasing the best.在这种情况下，电子的能量将更大，从而增强了光点的亮度。
Speed is the distance moved divided by the time elapsed.速度等于运动的距离除以所花的时间。
On integrating this equation, we obtain a formula whereby the exponent of the cosine factor is unchanged.对这个方程积分后，我们得到了一个公式，根据这个公式，余弦因子的指数并不改变。
In radiation, thermal energy is transformed into radiant energy, similar in nature to light.热能在辐射时转换成性质与光相似的辐射能。
The distance from the radar set to the target is called the range.从雷达机到目标的距离被称为作用范围。
The superiority of radar to ordinary vision lies in the greater distances at which seeing is impossible with radar.雷达相对于普通视力的优势在于利用雷达所能看清的距离比较远。
The variation of g with latitude is due in part to the earth’s rotation.重力加速度g随纬度的变化，部分原因是由于地球的自传。
A comparison of Eq.(4) with Eq.(6) leads to the following reactions.把式（4）与式（6）比较，我们就得到以下几个关系式。
Expressed in a formula, the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in a circuit can be written as V=IR.若用公式表示，电路中的电压、电流及电阻的关系式可写成V=IR.Its transmission over a long distance causes some loss of energy.他的长途输送会损失一部分能量。