名词性从句 语法复习
名词性从句课件-2025届高考英语一轮复习语法专项
下面语篇中含有各种名词性从句，请找出来：
what,which,who
有词意，在从句中做主语，宾语 或表语，不能省略
1 What they want to know is the reason.
Who will attend the meeting is not clear.
2
3 Which side wins makes no difference to him.
宾语
宾语从句
how
在复合句中，主句中的宾语由一 个句子来充当时，该句子就是宾 语从句。
即：宾语不再是一个简单的名词，代词，动 名词或不定式了，而是一个句子。
Read
observe
conclude
We believe that he is honest. 我们相信他是诚实的。
All the teachers think that a positive attitude is import句，就是指用于名词后对该 名词的内容进行说明解释的从句。
The judge paid no attention to the fact that she had just lost her job. Mary suddenly got the feeling that someone was watching her. We are looking forward to the news that we can go home after the mid——term exam. Do you like the idea that we have a picnic in the park at this weekend?
复习名词性从句
A. how
B. who
C. what
D. which
9. The teacher asks us __ Jim can come
back on time.
A. that
B. if
C. when D. what time
10. Does anybody know __ we will have
a sports meeting this weekend or not.
known yet.
hasn’t
练习__ he wants is a book. 2.It’s obvious __t_h_a_t _____ he wants to go
there. 3.The result is __t_h_a_t_____ we won the
八、Homework: 1.阳光课堂P9. 2.预习Reading
练习：
1. Can you make sure __ the gold ring? (MET 89)
A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice out C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put 2. ___we need money is quite clear. A. If B. What C. That D. \
14. Someone is ringing the doorbell .
Go and see ___ .
A. who is he
B. who he is
C. who is it
D. who it is
15. Could you tell me how long ___? A. you have bought the watch B. you have kept this science book C. have you been away from China D. have you been a member of Greener China
高考英语语法复习名词性从句课件
当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时
He told me that he was leaving for Japan.
宾语从句中that不可省略的情况
宾语从句前有插入语
We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us.
在“it（形式宾语）+补语”之后
I think it necessary that he should stay here.
宾语从句中只能用whether的情况
whether or not
名词性从句
名词性从句
名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子，功能相当于名词词组， 它在复合句中可作主语、宾语、表语和同位语，因此名词性从句 又可分为：
主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句
主语从句
主语从句即在整个句子中充当主语的句子。
主语从句
主语从句大多数情况下视为第三人称单数，但也有例外。由what 引导的主语从句视情况而定
介词 + whether
I don’t care of whether he is handsome.
whether to do
He wondered whether to stay here the next week.
表语从句
结构：主语+系动词+表语从句
The fact is that he didn't notice the car until too late. The mystery is whether he ever went there at all. The question is why he likes the place so much. The problem is not who will go but who will stay.
高三语法复习名词性从句(教师版)
高三语法复习第4讲名词性从句名词性从句：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句名词性从句的引导词可分为引导词1：who,whom, which,what, whatever,whoever,whomever,引导词2：that/ whether ,when, where,why,whose,whenever,wherever,how，however做题方法:首先通过从句所在的未知判断是名词性从句其次分析从句的成分从句中缺主宾表的情况，选择引导词1中的词从句中缺状语或定语，选择引导词2最后，翻译句子，判断逻辑关系引导词的用法1.What引导名词性从句时，要做主语，宾语，表语，要有实际的意义（什么）同样的用法有who，whom,2.that引导名词性从句时，在从句中不充当成分，不可省略，起连接句子的作用3.when，where,why 在从句中充当状语4.whether 的意思是：“是否”，可引导主语从句，不可以换成if 01.主语从句1）从句在主语的位置，也就是从句做主语即为主语从句Eg1. what made me so happy is the good news I received about herEg2.That he wins the first prize in the competition mad me so delighted . Eg3.where I will go hasn’t been decided .Eg4.whether I accept your invitation is up to you.It 做形式主语，真正的主语是从句，常见的句型有It is+ adj(necessary ,important,essential,natural,strange ) that...It is +n(a pity, shame, no wonder) that......It is said /reported/ believed......It seems /appears/matters that.......02宾语从句（在谓语动词后/介词后，一个句子作宾语）Eg1.I didn’t know what he was talking about .Eg2.I always wonder how close the relationship between them.Eg3.I am glad to know that he came back safe and sound .It 做形式宾语主语+ find、make,feel，consider，see to，depend onEg I find it important that we should respect the old people.03表语从句（be动词和系动词之后用句子做表语）Eg1. That is what I want to tell you .Eg2.what confused me is that he should break up with herEg3.By boat is the only way to get here, which is how we arrived.常见的表语从句句型(1)It seems/appears that...(2)This/That is because/why/where/when/how...(3)The question/problem is whether/when/where/how...(4)The suggestion/advice/purpose/aim/goal/dream is that...(5)What从句+be+ that从句例如:What annoyed me most was that he came late again.04同位语从句1）同位语从句的结构：表示内容的先行词+引导词+从句2）同位语从句是对先行词的解释说明3）同位语从句的先行词一般是包含一定内容的抽象名词，如；suggestion、advice、proposal、thought、doubt、belief、news、promise、word、notice、request、requirement，problemEg1. He made a promise to me that he won’t be late for the class once again.4）同位语从句和定语从句的区别定语从句对先行词是起修饰作用，做出限定同位语从句对先行词是解释说明that的用法不同，在定语从句中that是关系代词在从句中做主语宾语表语在同位语从句中，that在从句中不做任何成分Here comes the news that he is admitted to the university.(同位语从句) Here comes the news that I am looking forward to .（定语从句）05wh-ever引导的名词性从句（无论....）1）引导词1：whatever/ whoever/ whomever/whichever（无论哪一个）在从句中做主宾表成分引导词2：whenever/ wherever/however在从句中做状语I can do whatever I want to doWhoever comes to English class late will sing a song for other students2）Wh-ever =no matter wh-Wh-ever 结构可以引导状语从句和名词性从句No matter wh-只能引导状语从句3）wh-和wh-ever 的区别wh-ever 译为无论.....，没有范围和条件wh-指特定的人，事情，地点等Eg1. Who is the next one to answer the question?Whoever answers the question can get a candy .Exercise 11.(2024·天津河西区模拟)_______ I’m concerned about most is_______we can collect a huge amount of money in such a short time. A.That; how B.What; if C.What; how D.As; whether【解析】选C。
高三英语总复习课件：语法12名词性从句
Please tell me what you want./Please tell me the thing that you want.(what指物)
○ 请告诉我你想要什么。
○ 他就是人们所知的活字典，因为每个你不认识的字他都认识。
After a long journey, they finally arrived at what is now Boston./After a long journey, they finally arrived at the place that is now Boston.(what指地点)
例 (2010·成都外国语学校模拟)________children watch and learn from the
people around them helps them to figure out how the world works.
○ A．Which
B．That
○ C．How
D．What
这个老师建议学生买这些书。
由具有意义但在从 句中不担当成分的 连词whether或if引 导。
I don't know whether he will go with us or not.
我不知道他是否和 我们一块去。
He asked me whether I would accept him as a new member.
that_running_water_is_pure_and_clean.
我们认为自来水很纯净。
宾语从句也常由it替代，真正的宾语放在句尾。
高三英语语法复习专题名词性从句(共52张PPT)
Subject 主语
Predicate 谓语
Object 宾语
宾语从句
The question is when we can return to school.
Subject 主语
Link verb 系动词
表语从句
Predicative 表语
Our best wishes are that we can defeat the COVID-19 as soon as possible.
相关概念 名词在从句中可以做什么成分？
名词在从句中主要做 主语 宾语 表语 同位语
名词性从句 : 主语从句, 表语从句, 宾语从句, 同位语从句
起名词性作用的从句，叫名词性从句。 换言之，在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、 表语和同位语部分，换由一个句子来充当，这样的句子就是名词性 从句。
基本结构：简单句+并列连词+简单句。
并列连词通常为：and, but, or, so，not only…but also, neither…nor; as well as 等。
并列句：简单句+并列连词+简单句
e.g.
I___a_m____r__e_a__l_l_y___f_o__n__d___o__f__r__e_a__d__i_n__g___b__o__o__k__s_, and t_h__a__t__i_s__w___h__y___m___y___f_a__v__o__r_i_t_e___ s__u__b__j_e__c_t__i_s___l_i_t_e__r_a__t_u__r_e__. He wanted to take the English class, but he couldn’t afford the time.
高中语法专项复习 名词性从句
语法专项复习：名词性从句一、名词性从句的类型：1.主语从句(Subject Clause)：充当句子的主语；置于句首或句末(常用“it”作形式主语)例句：Whether Native Americans arrived in California 15,000 years ago or 14,000 years ago is not important.*从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。
但是what和who引导主语从句时，有时主句的谓语动词的数应与主句中表语的名词保持一致。
例句：1. What they bought was water.2. What they bought were books.“It”作形式主语的句型：1) It is/was +名词( no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise…)＋主从例句：It is a pity that we can’t go.2) It is/was ＋形容词(obvious, natural, surprising, wonderful, possible, likely,certain…)＋主语从句例句：It is clear that Tom has returned.3) It is/was＋过去分词(said / reported / believed / known / thought / expected /decided / announced / arranged…)＋主语从句例句：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.4) It＋动词(happens /occurs / seems…) ＋主语从句例句：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.5) It doesn’t matter how/whether…例句：It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.2.宾语从句(Object Clause)：作句子的宾语；位于动词或介词之后。
语法复习三：名词性从句+16开
三,选择填空: 1. Do you see _____ I mean? A. that B./ C. how D. what
2. Tell me_____ is on your mind. A. that B. what C. which D. why
3. We must stick to _____ we have agreed on. A. whatB. that whatB. 4. Let me see _____. A. that can I repair the radio C. I can repair the radio 5. Keep in mind _____. A. that the teacher said C. that did the teacher say
语法复习三:名词性从句 语法复习三:
名词性从句相当于名词,可分别作主句的主语,表语,宾语和同位 语.因此,名词性从句厅分为主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句和同位从 句. (一)引导名词性从句的连接词 1,连接代词:who, whose, whom, what, which.有词义,在从句中 担任成分,如主语,表语,宾语,或定语等. 2,连接副词:when, where, why, how.有词义,在从句中担任成\ 分,作状语. 3,连接词:that, whether, if, as if.that 无词义,在从句中不 担任成分,有时可省略;if (whether), as if虽有词 义,但在从句中不担任成分.
一,判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句,并指出是什么从句: 1. China is no longer what it used to be.
表语从句 同位语从句
2. The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all. 3. It was snowing when he arrived at the station.
高中英语语法复习--名词性从句
2. that在宾语从句中 在宾语从句中
形式宾语) 宾补+that从 在主+谓+it (形式宾语 +宾补 谓 形式宾语 宾补 从 真正宾语)的句型中 句(真正宾语 的句型中不省略 真正宾语 的句型中不省略 We must make it clear that we mean what we say. 由连词and连接的两个由 连接的两个由that引导的 由连词 连接的两个由 引导的 宾语从句中,第二个 第二个that不省略。 不省略。 宾语从句中 第二个 不省略 He told me (that) he would come and that he would come on time.
形式主语it 形式主语
为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用 作 为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作 形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。 形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。 1. It is certain that he will succeed. 2. It is not known whether he will go there. 3. It has not been decided yet when they’ll start the project.
1. 他发现很难使别人理解他 他发现很难使别人理解他.
He found it difficult to make himself understood.
2. 我认为我们保持冷静很重要 我认为我们保持冷静很重要.
I think it important that we should keep calm .
1. It’s likely / possible / important / necessary / 很可能/重要的是……/必要的 clear that… 很可能/重要的是 / 是……/很清楚 /很清楚…… 2. It’s said / reported that… 据说/据报道 据说/据报道…… 3. It seems / appears / happens that… 似乎/好 似乎/ 碰巧...... 像/碰巧...... 4. It’s been announced / declared that…已经 已经 通知/宣布…… 通知/宣布 5. It’s no wonder that… 并不奇怪/无疑 并不奇怪/无疑…… 6. It’s a pity / a fact / common knowledge (众 众 所周知) 俗话说) 所周知)/ a common saying (俗话说 that… 俗话说
高三英语语法复习(名词性从句)
表语从句
表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之 后。 The question was who could go there. 表语
表语从句考点
1.句子的主语是suggestion, advice, order等名词时, 后面引导的表语从句用should+动词原形,should可 省略。【虚拟语气】 His suggestion is that we (should) finish the work at once. 2.定语从句+表语从句 The reason why he is absent today is that he is ill. 3.主语从句+表语从句 What is known to all is that the earth is round. 4. if 不能用在表语从句中，而是用whether。 The question was whether he could go there.
2.句子的谓语是suggest, advise, order等动词 时,后面引导的宾语从句用should+动词原 形,should可省略。【虚拟语气】
坚持 命令 建议 要求 insist order command suggest advise recommend desire, demand, request, require
同位语从句考点
1.如果名词suggestion, advice, order等词后 的同位语从句的谓语动词要用should+动词 原形,should可省略。 The suggestion that the plan (should) be delayed will be discussed tomorrow. 2. if 不能用在同位语从句中，而是用whether。 The question whether he could go there was important.
07.名词性从句-高考英语一轮复习语法知识
类似的可用于该结构的词还有:a pity、a wonder、a good thing、no wonder、a surprise等。 It is good news that our team has won the championship. It is a pity that I have missed a wonderful boxing match.
名词性从句
考点1 引导词 【考题再现】 ①(2024·蚌埠模拟) Beijing will carry out measures to help bridge _w__h_a_t_has become a digital divide for many older people to make sure they share in the benefits of a smart society. ②(2024·芜湖模拟) Many of us read poetry simply because we often feel depressed and hopelessly lost, and in poetry we see __h_o_w__beautiful and strange everything is. ③(2024·北京丰台模拟) To improve efficiency, a tea-picking robot was made and it is in trial operation now.It can position _w__h_e_r_e_the target bud and leaf are and cut them precisely.
【要点巩固】 ①(2024·河南联考) __W__h_a_t_makes the Qatar World Cup unique is the kind of technology China is providing. ②(2024·韶关模拟) But _w__h_a_t_was pleasantly surprising was that the lingering fragrance of the tea and the crunchy texture of the shrimp won the emperor over. ③(2024·潮州模拟) The scientists believe _w__h_a_t_caused whales to get so large was a change in the Earth’s climate only about 3 million years ago.
高考英语语法复习精品资料汇总：名词性从句
名词性从句一、定义：在复合句中相当于一个名词，做主语、宾语、表语、同位语的从句。
二、引导词：1. 连词:that , if, whether, as if2. 连接代词:who , what, which, whose, whom以及wh+ever3. 连接副词:when, where, why, because, how三、引导词的作用：1 连词只有连接的功能，而不在从句中充当句子成分。
2. 连接代词和连接副词不但有连接的功能，同时还要在从句中充当定的句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语四、各个句型的注意点（一）主语从句1.一个主语从句的谓语动词用单数。
2.通常为了句子平衡用it做形式主语,而将主语从句放于句尾。
3.由that引导的从句，that虽然没有什么意思，但是却不能省略。
4.WH引导的从句,引导词放于句首，从句用陈述句语序。
5.放于句首时表示是否只用whether, 用IT做形式主语之后，主语从句放于句尾时whether与if均可以。
(二)宾语从句1.that引导宾语从句无意义，不充当句子成分常省略。
但下列情况除外：（1）介词宾语从句的that不省略（2）and连接的几个从句，第二个从句以后的从句的that不省略。
He told me that he had two sons and that they both had gone to college.（3）在动词+it+宾语补足语+宾语从句结构中，that不省略。
I heard it said that he had gone abroadWe found it impossible that he could finish it in such a short time2.Whether ,if 引导宾语从句：两词可互换，但是下列情形除外：（1）whether从句中有or not（2）whether从句做介词宾语Everything depends on whether you agree with us3.许多带复合宾语的句子，宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it做形式宾语。
高三语法复习 名词性从句
what (什么) / which ( 表选择, 哪一 个、哪一些)
1. ---Do you know ________ what Mr Black’s address is ?
---He may live at No. 18 or No. 19 of Bridge which Street. I’m not sure of _________. 2. I read about it in some book or other. Does it matter _______ which it was?
小结:it 作 形式主语的四个主要句型
1.it +be+形(possible/certain/surprising_) +that从句 2.it+be+名(no surprise/no wonder/a pity_) +that 从句 3.it+be+过去分词(said/reported/thought/ believed/decided_)+ that从句 4.it+不及物动词（happen_）+that 从句
1： That What
二、宾语从句典型错误
1.Idon’t believe that the teacher will not believe not consider our suggestions. 2. She was praised for what she had had she done. if / whether 3. He wants to know I still study English. 4. I am interested in if he can do whether it in such a short time. 5.It is generally considered unwise to give a child nowhatever matter what he or she wants.
高考英语语法复习：名词性从句
高考英语语法复习：名词性从句一、名词性从句名词性从句相当于名词，可分别在句中作主语、表语、宾语和同位语。
因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。
从属连词that：在从句中不充当任何成分，也没有任何意思，只起连接作用，因此往往可以省略从属连词if, whether：在从句中不充当任何成分，有意义，不可以省略连接代词who, whoever, whom, whomever, which, whichever, what, whatever, whose：在从句中充当成分，有意义，不可以省略连接副词where, when, why, how：在从句中充当成分，有意义，不可以省略一、主语从句１.由从属连词引导的主语从句：①Whether the country should build a nuclear power station is something we must discuss.那个国家是否应该建立核电站……②That light travels in straight line is known to all .光以直线传播２.由连接代词引导的主语从句：①What we need is more time. 我们所需要的是……②Whichever book you choose doesn’t matter to me.无论你选哪本书……③Whoever comes will be welcome.无论谁来……３.由连接副词引导的主语从句：①When the plane is to take off hasn’t been announced.飞机什么时候起飞……②Where he has been is still a puzzle.他到过哪儿……③How much water is flowing can be measured easily.水的流量是多少……4.关于形式主语it①It + be +形容词+ that-从句It is necessary that…有必要……It is important that…重要的是……It is obvious that…很明显……It is likely that….很可能②It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句It is believed that…人们相信……It is knownto all that…众所周知……It has been decided that…已决定……③It + be +名词+ that-从句It is common knowledge that………是常识It is a surprise that…令人惊奇的是……It is a fact that…事实是……可应用于此句型的名词还有fact / shame / honor / question/pity等。
高中英语语法复习--名词性从句考点归纳
2. 如果主句谓语是过去时 从句谓语动词一般用过 如果主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过 去的某种时态,但从句表达的是客观事实 真理、 但从句表达的是客观事实、 去的某种时态 但从句表达的是客观事实、真理、 自然规律等时,从句谓语通常用一般现在时 从句谓语通常用一般现在时。 自然规律等时 从句谓语通常用一般现在时。 他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。 他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。
名词性从句要点 1 时态的呼应 2 主谓一致 3 虚拟语气在从句的运用
1. 如果主句时态是现在时或将来时 如果主句时态是现在时或将来时, 从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任 一种时态。 一种时态。
a.他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的。 a.他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的。 他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的
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一、名词性从句的语序 (1) 名词性从句构成有两种 a. That + 陈述句 That light travels in straight lines is known to all. b. 疑问词 句子的剩余成分 疑问词+句子的剩余成分 This is what we are looking for.
虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用 一个坚持(insist)、两个命令 一个坚持 、两个命令(order, command)、 、 三个建议(advise, suggest, propose)、 三个建议 、 四个要求(demand, require, request, ask) 四个要求
结构为 should + do, should可省略 可省略 被动语态为should be done ,should 也可 被动语态为 省略。 省略。 无论这些词的词形变化出现在什么句子 中，都要优先考虑虚拟语气（should do) 都要优先考虑虚拟语气（
2025届高考英语语法复习名词性从句知识讲解练习讲义
名词性从句讲解练习名词性从句是指在复合句中起名词作用的句子，功能相当于名词词组。
名词性从句在复合句中能作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，根据在句中的语法功能可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一、主语从句【定义】在复合句中，作主语的句子称为主语从句。
【常见的连接词】（连接词在句中不能省略）that, whether, who, what, whatever, whoever, where, when, why, how等。
【用法】连接词 that 引导That we should learn English well is very important.主语从句中 we should learn English well句子完整，不缺成分，用that引导，that 不能省连接词whether，if 引导whether 引导的主语从句可放句首，也可放句中，表“是否”if 引导的主语从句只能引导动词后的宾语Whether I will go or not depend on the weather.It remains to be seen whether / if they can finish the task in time.2.连接代词what, who, which, whose, whatever, whichever，whoever等引导What matters most is your attitude.3.连接副词when，where，why，how等引导How he made it is still unknown.4.it作形式主语为了避免句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it放在句首，真正的主语放在句子后面。
常见句型：(1) It is + n.+ that + 句子It is +（a pity / a shame / a fact …）+ that ...(2) It is + adj.+ that + 句子It is +（true / clear / important …）+ that ...(3) It is + 过去分词 + that + 句子It is+ said / announced / expected / believed / hoped… + that ...(4) It seems /appears / happens / turned out that + 句子(5) It hit sb./occurred to sb.that + 句子二、宾语从句【定义】在复合句中，作宾语的句子称为宾语从句。
语法复习10：名词性从句
语法复习10：名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。
名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
其关联词有连接词that，if，whether；连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whomever，whatever，whichever；连接副词when，where，why，how等。
一．主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。
主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。
that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。
【完成例句】根据句意选词填空(that, if, whether, why, when, what)(1) That he will succeed is certain.(2) Whether he will go there is not known.(3) What he said is not true.(4) When the meeting will be held has not been decided yet.【结论】①that－从句，从句为一个句意完整的陈述句，没有具体意义，不充当句子成分，只起标志性作用，但that 不能省略。
②whether －从句，从句来源于一般疑问句，whether不能省略，意为“是否”，不能用if替换。
③特殊疑问词－从句，从句来源于特殊疑问句，特殊疑问词不能省略，意思为特殊疑问词本来的意思，在从句中充当句子成分。
What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。
高三语法复习-名词性从句
引导名词性从句的关联词
1
在名词性从句中一律用陈述句的语序，即使从句表达的是疑问含义。
2
The problem is what he has done to the little boy.
3
问题是他对那个小男孩做了些什么。
在句中作主语的句子叫主语从句。
主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether 和连接代词what, who, which, whatever, whoever以及连接副词how,when,where, why等词引导。
2）It + be + 形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprsing , possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.+ that从句 It is certain that she will do well in her exam. It is probable that he told her everything. 3）It + be + 动词的过去分词 (said, reported, supposed, expected, announced,suggested, proposed , desired , etc. ) + that从句 It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. It is decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday.
Everything depends on whether we have enough money.
I don’t care about whether you have money or not. /whether or not you have money . 介词后的宾语从句一般不用which和if引导，要用whether和what。that也很少引导介词宾语从句，只在except, but, in等之后才用。
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名词性从句（一）引导名词性从句的连接词/引导词：1、连接代词：who (ever), whose (ever), whom (ever), what (ever)（在从句中作主语，表语，宾语和宾语补足语，保留原疑问词的意义或译为“……事情”，“……的东西”。
）, which (主要作定语)，whichever（有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等）。
2、连接副词：when(ever), where (ever), why, how (ever), how many, how much。
有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。
3、连接词：that, whether, if, as if (though), because。
that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if (whether), as if, because虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。
（二）主语从句1、主语从句在复合句作主语。
如：Who will go is not important.Which group we will choose is up to you to decide.2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。
如：It doesn’t matter so much whether you will come or not.（但由what, whatever, whoever, whichever引起的主语从句一般不后置。
）3、that引导主语从句时，不能省略。
如：That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.4、由whoever=anyone who, whatever=anything that引导的从句泛指人和物；whichever既指人又指物，表示在一定范围内的人或物。
可单独使用，可作定语修饰名词也可与of短语连用。
如：Whoever comes will be welcome.Whatever was said here must be kept secret.Whichever book you choose doesn’t matter to me.Whichever of us fulfils his work first will lend a helping hand to others.（三）表语从句1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。
如：The question was who could go there.He looks as if he was going to cry.Things are not as they seemed.That is where Luxun used to live.That was when I was thirty.2、引导表语从句的连接词that一般不可省略。
如：My idea is that we can get more comrades to help in the work.3、reason后的表语从句用that（无意义也不作句子成分）引导，定语从句用why（作原因状语）或that（作主语或宾语）引导。
比较：The reason why we don’t trust him is that he has often lied.The reason that he told me was that he didn’t like the girl.4、why和because 引起的表语从句意义不相同。
比较：You failed in the exam. This is because you didn’t take his advice. (因为→起因)The girl is very kind. That is why I like her very much.. （为什么→结果）（四）宾语从句1、宾语从句在复合句中作及物动词、介词、和一些形容词的宾语。
引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。
但如果由and/ but连接两个以上的宾语从句时，最后一个that不可省略。
如：I hope (that) everything is all right.（比较：I hope what you said is true. That引起宾语从句无意义，不作句子成分；what=everything that引起宾语从句作句子的主语或宾语。
）They said (that) they were strangers there and that they had lost their way.She was never satisfied with what she had achieved.(注意：that从句一般不作介词宾语，但except that, besides that, in that属于固定用法。
We’ll all like to play with him except that you aren’t fond of him.)You can depend on whoever is willing to lend you a hand.(注意：whoever引起从句在从句中作主语，既可在介词后作宾语也可作动词宾语。
)I’m afraid (that) I can’t accept your invitation.2、介词之后的宾语从句不可用which或if连接，要分别用what或whether。
如：I’m interested in whether you’ve finished the work..I’m interested in what you’ve said.3、whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。
但下面情况不能互换。
①宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。
如：I wonder if it doesn’t rain.②用if 会引起误解，就要用whether。
如：Please let me know whether you want to go.（此句如果把whether改成if，容易当成条件句理解）③宾语从句中的whether 与or not直接连用，就不能换成if；不直接连用，可换。
如：I don’t know whether or not the report is true.I don’t know whether/ if the report is true or not.④介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。
whether 可与不定式连用。
whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成if。
但引导条件从句时，只能用if，而不能用whether。
如：It depends on whether we have enough time.They don’t know whether to go there.Please come to see me if you have time.⑤某些动词后面（discuss）只能用whether, 不能用if。
如：We are discussing whether we can finish the work on time.4、有doubt的从句中的肯定式后的引导词用whether；否定式或疑问式后的引导词用that 。
如：I doubt whether he runs fast.I have no doubt that he can do a good job of it.Can you doubt that she likes me?5、形式宾语。
在“及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的结构中，宾语如是由从句、不定式或动名词短语来担任，通常把宾语放在补足语后面，用it作形式宾语放在原来宾语的位置。
如：I made it clear that I was determined to carry out the plan. (that在这种句型中不可省略)6、宾语从句中的虚拟语气。
①insist, order, demand, suggest, proposal, advise, request, require, ask, desire, imagine…等动词后的宾语从句的动词应用(should) do / should have done。
②wish 后的从句的谓语动词有过去、现在和将来三种形式，见虚拟语气的讲述。
（五）同位语从句同位语从句在句中作某些名词的同位语，一般位于该名词（如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等）之后，说明该名词的具体内容。
That 引导同位语从句时无意义，不作句子成分，也不可省略。
其他引导词有自己的意思（when 什么时候）。
如：I have no idea when he will be back.The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.注意同位语从句与定语从句的区别。
比较：The news that he passed the exam was a great surprise. (同位语从句)The news (that/ which) he told me was a great surprise. (定语从句)（六）that 从句的几种形式1. It + be + adj. (obvious, true, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain,probable…) + that-clause.如：It is certain that he will do well in her exam.2. It + be + noun groups (no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise…)如：It’s no wonder / surprise that our team should have won the game.3. It + be + past p. (said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, thought,believed…) + that-clause.如：It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing.4. It + be + necessary( important, advisable, natural, desirable, strange….) + that + sb. (should) +do sth.It + be + desired (suggested, ordered, requested, proposed…) + that + sb. (should) + do sth.It + be + a pity ( a shame…) + that + sb (should) + do sth.如：It’s suggested that she (should) finish her homework this afternoon.5. that-clause 一般不做介词宾语（except, in 除外）。