刘润清《新编语言学教程》章节题库-第一章至第三章【圣才出品】

第二部分章节题库

第1章导论

I.Fill in the blanks.

1.In Saussure’s view,the relationship between signifier(sound image)and

signified(concept)is_____.（北二外2003研）

【答案】arbitrary

【解析】索绪尔认为符号的形式或声音与其意义之间没有逻辑联系，所以两者之间的关系是任意的。

2.Human languages enable their users to symbolize objects,events and concepts which are not present(in time and space)at the moment of communication.This quality is labeled as_____.（北二外2003研）

【答案】displacement

【解析】移位性是指人类语言可以让使用者在交际时用语言符号代表时间和空间上不可及的物体、事件和观点。

3._____refers to the role language plays in communication(e.g.to express ideas, attitudes)or in particular social situations(e.g.Religious,legal).（北二外2016研）【答案】Function

【解析】本题考查语言学中对“语言的功能”的定义。功能指的是语言在沟通中（例如表达

观点、态度）或在特定社交场合（如宗教、法律）中所起的作用。

4.The features that define our human languages can be called_____features.（北二外2006研）

【答案】design

【解析】人类语言区别于其他动物交流系统的特点是语言的区别特征，是人类语言特有的特征。

5.The term_____originates from Malinowski’s study of the functions of language performed by Trobriand Islanders.It refers to the social interaction of language.（中山大学2006研）

【答案】phatic communion

【解析】寒暄功能是指那些有助于确立和维持人际关系的表达，最先由Malinowski提出。

6.Halliday proposes a theory of metafunctions of language,that is,language has _____,interpersonal and textual functions.（中山大学2008研）

【答案】ideational

【解析】韩礼德将儿童的语言功能范围逐渐缩小，简化成为一套高度符号化和抽象化的功能：概念、人际、语篇功能。

7.Our language can be used to talk about itself.This is the_____function of language.（中山大学2005研）

【答案】metalingual

【解析】语言的元语言功能是指语言可以用来讨论语言本身。

8.Linguistics is usually defined as the_____study of language.（北二外2003研）【答案】scientific

【解析】语言学通常被定义为研究科学的语言，或对语言的科学研究。

9._____studies how the speech sounds are made,transmitted,and received,and _____studies the rules governing the structure,distribution and sequencing of speech sounds and the shape of syllables.（人大2006研）

【答案】Phonetics;phonology

【解析】语音学研究语音是如何产生，传播以及接收的；音系学研究支配语音分布和排列的规则以及音节的形式。

10._____studies meaning in language,_____is about principles of forming and

understanding correct English sentences,and_____is concerned with the internal organization of words.They are all among the main branches of linguistics.（人大2006研）

【答案】Semantics;syntax;morphology

【解析】语义学研究语言的意义，句法学研究构成句子的规则，形态学研究词汇的内部结构。

三者都是语言学的分支。

11._____grammars attempt to tell what is in the language,while_____grammars tell

people what should be in the language.Most contemporary linguists believe that whatever occurs naturally in the language should be described.（人大2006研）

【答案】Descriptive;prescriptive

【解析】描述性语言记录语言共同体的成员所遵循的规则,规定式的语言学目的在于为正确使用语言定下各种规则。

12._____is the study of the language-processing mechanisms.It is concerned with

the storage,comprehension,production and acquisition of language;_____on the other hand,attempts to show the relationship between language and society.They both belong to branches of macrolinguistics.（人大2006研）【答案】Psycholinguistics;sociolinguistics

【解析】心理语言学研究语言处理机制，如语言的记忆，理解及习得等；社会语言学研究语言与社会之间的关系。

13.Saussure distinguished the linguistic competence of the speaker and the actual

phenomena or data of linguistics(utterances)as_____and_____.The former refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community,and the latter is the concrete manifestation of language either through speech or through writing.（人大2006研）

【答案】langue;parole