小学英语可数名词和不可数名词详解与练习

可数名词和不可数名词

一、名词：名词是所有事物的名称，包括人、物及抽象概念。名词分为普通名词和专有名词两大类。名词在句子中作主语，宾语或表语等。

1) 可数名词（Countable Nouns）: 一般来说个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。

例如: a book, two books, a student, three students, a family, many families。

名词单数变复数变化如下：

◆词尾直接加s如：cat——cats bag——bags day——days

◆以s, sh, ch, x 结尾的词加es如：class——classes, match——matches ,box----- boxes, dish ---- dishes, bus --- buses, peach --- peaches .

◆以辅音加y结尾的词变y为i加es. 元音加y 结尾的词直接加s,

如: party----parties city----cities story----stories family---families baby --- babies boy---- toys monkey----- monkeys key---- keys等.

◆以f或fe结尾的词, 变f或fe 为v, 加es,

如: wife ---- wives, half---- halves, shelf—shelves, knife --- knives, life---lives, leaf---leaves. 注意特殊情况直接加“s”，要逐个记chiefs, handkerchiefs , roofs.

◆以辅音加o 结尾的词常加es, 如: tomatoes, potatoes, heroes. 元音加o结尾直接加s. 如:radios, zoos, pianos, roof 特殊情况: photos

◆名词单数变复数特殊变化也要逐个记得如: man-men, woman-women, tooth---teeth, goose---geese, foot---feet, child--children, mouse-mice, ox—oxen.

（注意：以下单复同形：deer, sheep, species, means, Chinese, Japanese）

2) 不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）

不可数名词不能用数字计算包括物质名词( air, water等)及抽象名词(advice, hate)等。所以它通常只有单数形式。如：English, air, water, cotton, work…

不可数名词表示数量时，可以用量词来表达(量词有复数形式)其结构是数词+量词+OF+名词。如：a bottle of water, two cups of tea, three pieces of paper

不可数名词的类别：

●食物：food ,salt, bread, rice, beef, meat, pork, butter（黄油）,cream.

●液体：water, juice, milk, coffee, tea, coke, oil, wine.

●表示自然现象：snow, ice ,rain, air.

●其他类：money, news ,homework, housework, advice（意见）,information（信息，资料）

time, work , room(空间), music, weather ,space, sand, furniture（家具）,

注意：下列词语在不同含义下词性的不同。

chicken 鸡肉（不可数名词）鸡（可数名词）

fish 鱼肉（不可数名词）鱼的种类（可数名词）

room 空间（不可数名词）房间（可数名词）

glass 玻璃（不可数名词）杯子（可数名词）

paper 纸张（不可数名词）试卷（可数名词）

experience 经验（不可数名词）经历（可数名词）

注意事项：

1．不可数名词没有复数变化，不能用A，AN，但可用THE，或不用冠词，如：bread is the usual breakfast.

2．虽然不可数名词没有复数变化，但量词超过一时要加复数。

如：three cups of coffee, five bottles of water

3．有量词修饰时注意名词是否可数，不可数时用单数，可数时用复数，如：ten bags of rice---- ten baskets of eggs

跟踪练习

I. 找出下列笑话中的可数名词，并写出其复数形式：

In the market, a buyer asked a seller “How much is this cat, please?” “100 dollars.” “But you only asked for 20 dollars yesterday!” “Yes, that’s true. But this cat ate a bird last night and the bird was worth 80 doll ars!”

II.找出不可数名词，在横线上打勾，并将可数名词变成复数形式：

homework ______half ______ advice______ money ______ knowledge ______

boot _____ blood ______ music ______ chicken ________heat _____mouth ______

bread _______ information ______milk _____cow _______tear ________

III.选择填空：

1．The deer has four ______.

A. foot

B. feet

C. feets

D. foots

2．Her two brothers are both ______.

A. policeman

B. policemans

C. policemen

D. policemens

3．There are four _____ and two ______ in the group.

A. Japanese, Germen

B. Japaneses, Germen

C. Japanese, Germans

4．Two ______ would come to the village.

A. woman-doctors

B. women doctor

C. women doctors

D. woman doctors

5．Can you see nine _____ in the picture? A. sheep B. dog C. pig D. horse