句子成分及基本句型学习资料

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句子成分及基本句型

句子成分及基本句型

简单句的五种基本句型
• A. 主语+不及物动词(主谓)

如:The sun rises. 太阳升起来。

The car stopped. 小汽车停下来了。

rise和stop都是不及物动词,因此后边不必加宾语
• B. 主语+及物动词+宾语(主谓宾) • 如:I love my country. • He helps me. • I like action movies. • I buy a book.
• 划出句中的直接宾语( )和间接宾语( ) • ① Please tell us a story. • ② My father bought a new bike for me last week. • ③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term. • ④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. • ⑤ Does he leave any message for me?
• 不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟。如:give, show(给……看),bring, pass, buy等。如:
• (1)Our teacher tells us a story.
• (2)The sun gives us light.
• 间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后,在表示“人”的间接宾语之前会出现介词 “to”或“for”。
来)
• D. 主语+及物动词+双宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)(主谓+直宾+间宾)

如:He gives Tom a present.(双宾语) 他给汤姆一件礼物。

八大句子成分和五个基本句型

八大句子成分和五个基本句型

宾)



1. She ordered herself a new dress.
她给│自己定了│一套│新衣裳.
2. I showed him my pictures. 我给他
看我的│照片. │ │
3. He bought you a dictionary.他
给你买了一本字典.
5. S + Vt. + O + C (主+谓+宾+宾
相同,后者是前者的同位语。 ❖Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very
kind to us.
Practice:
The tall boy often plays football in the playground at weekends.
(定语)主语 (状语)+ 谓语 +宾语(状 语 状语)
❖3)宾语:表示行为的对象,动作的承受者 ❖People make chances. ❖I am reading a book. ❖I like to play with him.
❖4)定语:是用来说明或者限制名词的成分, 常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从 句担任。
❖This is a red sun. ❖He is a tall boy. ❖I bought an English-Chinese
❖Students study. ❖We are friends.
❖2)谓语:是对主语加以陈主语的后面。如:
❖We plant trees every year. ❖We study for the people. ❖I can speak a little English.

初中英语句子成分+-五大基本句型(22张)可编辑全文

初中英语句子成分+-五大基本句型(22张)可编辑全文

简单句的五种基本句型口诀:
英语句子万万千, 一种简单主谓型, 三种常见主系表, 五种主谓宾补型,
五种句型把线牵。 二种基本主谓宾, 四种主谓加双宾, 各种句型记心中。
Practice : work in groups
请判断下列句子的结构类型
• 1.He is running. • 2.The loud voice made him angry. • 3. Danny gave me an apple. • 4.She seemed angry. • 5.They laughed. • 6.I like English. • 7.My mother bought me a bike. • =My mother bought a bike for me. • 8.Jenny saw Danny buy many donuts. • 9.Jenny looks very happy. • 10.Ms.liu is kind.
7
6)表语:用来说明主语的性质 或状态。一般由名词或者形容词 担任。 如:This table is long. (这个桌子是长的。)
8
句子按照句子结构分类,可分为简单句、并列句 和复合句。句子的直接成分是主语和谓语。 简单句是只包含一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语 的句子,简单句分为五种基本句型。
英语基本句型
Miss Peng
1
英语句子成分分析
一个句子一般由两部分构成, 即主语部分和谓语部分, 这两部分也叫做句子的 主要成分。句子的次要成分 包括宾语,定语,状语,表语等。
2
1)主语:是一句话的主体,常用名词, 数词或代词担任,一般放于句首。如: Students study. (学生学习。) We are friends.(我们是朋友) 这两句话中单词students是个名词, we是代词,它们在句中做主语。

专题六,句子成分,五种基本句型

专题六,句子成分,五种基本句型

专题六、句子成分和五种简单句型一、句子成分分类1.主语:主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。

一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当,也有从句充当的现象。

大多数主语都在句首。

如:We didn’t have enough time to think about problems by ourselves.She enjoys reading books and listening to music.Every coin has two sides(任何事物都有两面性)Three are enough.To spit in public is not polite.Seeing English films is a good way to learn English well.What we need is food.▲在个别句型中,主语在整个句子后面,这时前面用it作形式主语。

如:It took two workers about three months to build the house.I t’s our duty to protect the environment.It’s very exciting not to have extra classes on holidays.It is important for us to obey traffic rules.On the other hand, there are some disadvantages to go online2.谓语:谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,谓语必须是动词,谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。

如:She gets on/along well with(与……相处的很好)her friends.She enjoys reading books and listening to music.we can also take some exercise together to keep fit/ keep healthy/ be in good health(为了身体的健康).Huaguo Mountain is a famous tourist attraction in Lianyungang.Our after—school activities are very colorful, such as playing balls, singing, dancing, drawing and so on(等等).Great changes have taken place since 60 years ago.But a few years ago,a lot of bad behaviors happened quite often during the travel. My money has run out.3.表语:表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当,它的位置在系动词后面。

英语句子成分知识点

英语句子成分知识点

英语句子成分知识点一、句子成分的定义与基本概念。

1. 主语(Subject)- 主语是句子陈述的对象,表示句子说的是“什么人”或“什么事”。

一般由名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式或从句等充当。

- 例如:- Tom likes reading.(“Tom”是名词作主语,表示动作“likes”的执行者)- She is a good student.(“She”是代词作主语)- Three is a lucky number.(“Three”是数词作主语)- Reading books is my hobby.(“Reading books”是动名词短语作主语)- To see is to believe.(“To see”是不定式作主语)- What he said made me angry.(“What he said”是从句作主语)2. 谓语(Predicate)- 谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。

由动词充当,在不同的时态和语态下有不同的形式。

- 例如:- He runs every day.(“runs”是动词的一般现在时形式,作谓语,表示主语“He”的动作)- They were watching TV at that time.(“were watching”是动词的过去进行时形式,作谓语)- The window was broken by the boy.(“was broken”是动词的一般过去时的被动语态形式,作谓语)3. 宾语(Object)- 宾语表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词或介词后面。

可由名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式或从句等充当。

- 例如:- I love apples.(“apples”是名词作宾语,是动作“love”的对象)- She gave him a book.(“him”是代词作间接宾语,“a book”是名词作直接宾语)- He wants to drink some water.(“to drink some water”是不定式短语作宾语)- They are talking about how to solve the problem.(“how to solve the problem”是从句作介词“about”的宾语)4. 表语(Predicative)- 表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、特征和状态的,常位于系动词(be, become, get, look, seem等)之后。

句子成分和五种基本句型

句子成分和五种基本句型

句子的成分表
类 句中 别 成分 主 主语 要 成 分 谓语 次 表语 要 成 分 宾语 语法意义 例句
句子的主体, 句子的主体,说明 We can speak a little 所说的是“ 所说的是“谁”或 English. 什么” 是“什么” The book is mine. 表示主语的动作, 表示主语的动作, We love our country. 特征或状态 He is watching TV. 位于连系动词之后, 位于连系动词之后,We are busy today. 说明主语的身份、 说明主语的身份、 Knowledge is very important. 特征、 特征、属性或状态 表示动作的对象或 She is reading a book. 行为的承受者 I killed him.
Sb do
1. The sun│rose. │ 2. They │are talking.
基本句型 二
S +V +P(主+系+表) P(主
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点: 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语 动词都不能表达一个完整的意思, 动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个 表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语, 表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能 表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。 表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。
• 说明:有些系动词同时也是实义动词,该动词 说明:有些系动词同时也是实义动词, 表达实义时,有词义,可单独作谓语, 表达实义时,有词义,可单独作谓语, • 例如: 例如: • He fell ill yesterday. 他昨天病了。(fell是 他昨天病了。 是 系动词,后跟补足语,说明主语情况。) 系动词,后跟补足语,说明主语情况。 • He fell off the ladder. 他从梯子上摔下来。 他从梯子上摔下来。 (fell是实义动词,单独作谓语。) 是实义动词, 是实义动词 单独作谓语。 • The soft drinking tastes quite sour. (taste作系动词,不能使用进行时,后 作系动词, 作系动词 不能使用进行时, 面接形容词。 面接形容词。) • The chef is tasting the fish carefully. (作 作 实意动词,使用进行时,并后接副词做状语) 实意动词,使用进行时,并后接副词做状语

句子成分与基本句型

句子成分与基本句型

表语
用于说明主语的性质、特征、身份或状态, 用于说明主语的性质、特征、身份或状态, 可以由名词、形容词、副词、 可以由名词、形容词、副词、介词和不定式以 及相当于名词或形容词的词或短语来担任, 及相当于名词或形容词的词或短语来担任,表 语要放在连系动词之后。 语要放在连系动词之后。
He is a lawyer. The girl is only four. The boy is my only son. The trouble is that we are short of hands.
(1) 动词或动词短语作谓语
He studies hard. He told a lie.
(2) 谓语动词和宾语及宾语补足语作谓语
They are picking apples. He made us laugh heavily.
(3) 连系动词和表语作谓语
He is a worker. It is getting dark. He is feeling well.
宾语
宾语是及物动词所示动作的对象或介词的 对象,名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词, 对象,名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词, 短语及从句都可以作宾语。 短语及从句都可以作宾语。宾语要放在谓语动 及物动词)或介词之后。 词(及物动词)或介词之后。
My father enjoys tea. They had to sleep in the open air after the fire. I don’t think you are right.
The那小孩很快睡着了。 fall kid fell asleep soon. 那小孩很快睡着了。
肉已经变坏了。 肉已经变坏了。go The meat has gone bad. 我们的愿望是学好英语。 我们的愿望是学好英语。be Our hope is to learn English well. 我父亲的工作是教数学。 His我父亲的工作是教数学。 be maths. father’s job is teaching

常见句子成分完整讲义总结+复习

常见句子成分完整讲义总结+复习

英语语法复习一——句子成分英语的句子中主要要这几种成分:主、谓、宾、定、状、补、表。

其中句子主干组成:主、谓、宾、表、补(组成五大基本句型)句子中的修饰成分:定语、状语(在句子中可增可减,去掉不影响句子的完整)一、主语(名词结构的词可做主语)二、谓语(动词做句子的谓语,谓语往往有时态的变化)三、宾语(请注意:能做主语的词也能做宾语;及物动词有宾语,介词后面也有宾语)四、补语(宾语补足语,对宾语进行解释说明,可和宾语构成有逻辑的句子)五、表语(放在系动词之后,对主语进行说明的成分就是表语)句子修饰成分:定语、状语六、定语:(主要用于修饰主语和宾语的形容词结构,也可理解为修饰名词的形容词结构,限定词,单个形容词,现在分词和过去分词一般放在名词左边;形容词短语、不定式、现在分词短语、过去分词短语、介词短语、定语从句和同位语从句一般放在名词右边)七、状语(用于修饰动词的副词或者相当于副词的结构)Practice:请指出下面文章的句子成分:Americans today have different eating habits. There is a wide selection of food available. They have a broader knowledge of nutrition, so they buy more fresh fruit and vegetables than ever before. At the same time, american purchase increasing quantities of sweets and sodas.Statistics show that the way people live determines the way they eat. American lifestyles have changed. There are now growing numbers ofpeople who live alone. These changing lifestyles are responsible for the increasing number of people who must rush meals or sometimes simply go without them. Many Americans have less time than ever before to spend preparing food. Partly as a consequence of this limited time, ove r half of American houses now have microwave ovens. Moreover, Americans eat out nealy four times a week on average.It is easy to study the amounts and kinds of food that people consume. The United States Department of Agriculture and the food industry collect sales statistics and keep accurate records. This information not only tells us what people are eating, but also tells us about the changes in attitudes and tastes. Beef, which used to be the most popular choice for dinner, is no longer an American favorite. Instead, chicken, turkey and fish have become more popular. Sales of these foods have greatly increased in recent years.。

句子成分及用法,五大基本句型结构

句子成分及用法,五大基本句型结构

句子成分及用法,五大基本句型结构一、句子成分。

(一)主语。

1. 定义与作用。

- 主语是句子陈述的对象,表示句子所说的是“谁”或者“什么”。

它是句子的核心成分之一,决定了句子描述的主体。

例如在句子“Tom likes reading.”中,“Tom”就是主语,这个句子主要是在描述Tom的喜好。

2. 构成。

- 主语可以由名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式、名词化的形容词或从句等充当。

- 名词作主语很常见,如“Dogs are friendly animals.”中的“Dogs”。

- 代词作主语,例如“He is my friend.”中的“He”。

- 数词作主语,像“Three is a lucky number in some cultures.”中的“Three”。

- 动名词作主语,如“Running is good for health.”中的“Running”。

- 不定式作主语,“To learn English well takes time.”中的“To learn English well”。

- 名词化的形容词作主语,“The rich should help the poor.”中的“The rich”。

- 从句作主语,“What he said is very important.”中的“What he said”。

(二)谓语。

1. 定义与作用。

- 谓语是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明,指出“做什么”“是什么”或者“怎么样”。

在句子中,谓语动词的形式要与主语的人称和数保持一致。

例如在“Mary sings beautifully.”中,“sings”就是谓语,它描述了Mary的动作。

2. 构成。

- 谓语一般由动词充当,包括实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词等。

- 实义动词可以独立作谓语,表示具体的动作,如“eat”“drink”“run”等。

例如“He eats an apple.”中的“eats”。

七大句子成分五大基本句型四大语法要点三大复杂句

七大句子成分五大基本句型四大语法要点三大复杂句

七大句子成分五大基本句型四大语法要点三大复杂句七大句子成分、五大基本句型、四大语法要点、三大复杂句句子是语言最基本的单位,它是传达思想的主要手段。

了解句子的构成成分、句型类型和语法要点对于提高中文写作能力至关重要。

本文将详细介绍七大句子成分、五大基本句型、四大语法要点以及三大复杂句,帮助读者更好地理解和运用这些句子结构。

一、七大句子成分句子成分是构成句子的基本单位,包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语和同位语。

这些成分在句子中负责承担不同的语义和语法作用。

1. 主语:句子中起主要说明作用的成分,通常回答“谁做了什么”。

例如:小明(主语)在公园里玩耍(谓语)。

2. 谓语:句子中表示动作或状态的核心成分,通常回答“做了什么”。

例如:小明在公园里(状语)玩耍(谓语)。

3. 宾语:句子中接在动词后面,接受动作的对象,通常回答“做了什么”。

例如:小明在公园里玩耍(谓语)风筝(宾语)。

4. 定语:句子中修饰主语或宾语的成分,通常回答“是什么样的”。

例如:小明在美丽的(定语)公园里玩耍。

5. 状语:句子中修饰动词、形容词、副词等的成分,通常回答“如何”、“在哪里”、“为什么”等问题。

例如:小明在公园里(状语)欢快地玩耍(谓语)。

6. 补语:句子中用来补充说明主语或宾语的成分,通常回答“是什么”。

例如:小明是一个活泼的男孩(补语)。

7. 同位语:句子中与主语、宾语等成分并列的解释说明成分。

例如:小明,一位来自中国的学生(同位语),喜欢玩耍。

以上七大句子成分构成了句子的基本框架,理解并熟练运用它们是进行正常沟通和书写的基础。

二、五大基本句型基本句型是指句子的结构类型,它们是主谓句、主谓宾句、主谓表句、主系表句和主语从句。

了解和掌握这些句型对于写作和阅读理解都非常重要。

1. 主谓句:句子中只包含主语和谓语成分的简单句。

例如:小明(主语)在公园里玩耍(谓语)。

2. 主谓宾句:句子中包含主语、谓语和宾语成分的简单句。

高考英语句子成分及句子基本结构(共32张PPT)(2024版)

高考英语句子成分及句子基本结构(共32张PPT)(2024版)
class? • ⑤ Some of the students in the school want to
go swimming, how about you?
(四)表语
• 表语说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份, 与连系动词一起构成复合谓语。
• We are Chinese. (名词) • I’m not quite myself today. (代词) • Who was the first? (数词) • The war was over. (副词) • He is out of condition. (介词短词) • They seem to know the truth. (动词不定式) • His hobby is playing computer games.(动名词短语) • That is what he told me yesterday. (从词)
• ② There is an old man coming here.
(名词)
• ③To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
(不定式)
㈡谓语 说明主语的动作、状态和特征
• 谓语由简单谓语和复合谓语组成。 • ①简单谓语 • The sun rises in the east. • He looked after two orphans. • ②复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词; • He can speak English very well. • The work must be done before three o’clock.
• Do you know the man who spoke just now?

句子成分分析+五个基本句型

句子成分分析+五个基本句型

(六)宾语补足语 补充说明宾语的身份和状态,使句子的意义完整。
• I found the book interesting. • Do you smell something burning? • I saw them getting on the bus. • We made him the manager.
五个基本句型
1. 主+谓 I know. 2. 主+系+表 The book is interesting. 3. 主+谓+宾 He enjoys reading. 4. 主+谓+间宾+直宾 (主+谓+双宾语) She gave me an apple. 5. 主+谓+宾+宾补 We keep the table clean.
most people do, but I want this diary to be my friend. 3. 复合句 (从句:名从,定从,状从…) (1) He is Smith who likes going hiking. (2) He often gets up early because he wants to catch the
4. 主+谓+间宾+直宾 (主+谓+双宾语) 直接宾语:物 间接宾语:人 She gave me an apple. She ordered herself a new dress. He brought you a dictionary. I showed him my pictures.
5. 主+谓+宾+宾补 宾补:补充说明宾语的身份和状态,使句子的意义
1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.
↓↓ ↓
↓↓

主谓 定 宾 同

句子成分和基本句型

句子成分和基本句型

句子成分和基本句型一、句子的成分由词或短语构成的能表达一个比较完整意思的语言单位,叫做句子(Sentence)。

构成句子的词和短语根据它们在句子中的作用可分为若干句子(Members of the Sentence)。

一个句子要表达一个比较完整的意思,通常必须要有主语(Subject)和谓语(Predicate)两个主要部分。

主语表明句子中说的是谁或是什么。

谓语是用来说明主语做什么、是什么或怎么样的。

谓语中不可缺少的部分是动词,通常叫谓语动词(Predicate Verb)。

谓语动词主要由动词或动词短语担任,有时也可由系动词加一个形容词或名词(或起同样作用的其他词类、短语或从句)担任,有时由情态动词或助动词和动词(动词短语共同组成复合谓语)担任。

在第二种情况中,用来与系动词合成谓语的成分,叫做表语(Predicative),也有人叫做主语补足语(Subject Complement)。

除了主语和谓语,句子有时还有其他成分。

如宾语(Object)、定语(Attribute)和状语(Adverbial Modifier)。

宾语一般用在及物动词后面,表示行为对象或结果。

介词后面的名词或代词,叫做介词的宾语。

定语用来修饰或限制名词或代词。

状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。

1.主语通常由名词和代词来担任。

此外,数词、动名词、动词不定式、主语从句也可以用作主语。

例如:The teacher told us an interesting story.老师告诉我们一个有趣的故事。

(名词)We love our motherland.我们热爱祖国。

(代词)Four and five is nine.四加五等于九。

(数词)Walking is good exercise.走路是很好的运动。

(动名词)To see is to believe.眼见为实。

(动词不定式)What you need is more practice.你需要的是更多的练习。

句子成分及五种基本句型

句子成分及五种基本句型

句子成分及五种基本句型一、句子成分组成句子的各个组成部分叫句子成分:主、谓、表、宾、定、状、补1.主语:是一个句子的主干部分之一,主语表明是“什么人”,“什么事通常由名词,代词, 动词不定式,动名词来充当.1.Lucy likes her new bike.2.Ve work hard.3.To learn a foreign language is not easy.4.Playing football after school is great fun.2 •谓语:说明主语做什么或怎么样。

通常由动词充当.动词常分为实义动词,连系动词,情态动词和助动词.1.thev work verv hard.2.Tom likes reading.△情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语.They can speak English well. They are playing over there.3.表语:跟在连系动词后面的词语或从句,用来说明主语的身份,特征,状态.My sister becomes a nurse. The trees turn green.The flower is beautiful •To see is to believe •4.宾语:动作行为的对象,说明主语做什么。

一般放在及物动词或介词后面.由名词,代词, 数词,动词不定式,动名词和宾语从句构成.LWe study English.2.1saw him yesterday.3.He wanted to have a pen.4・She likes playing basketball.5.Our teacher said that he would go there.△双宾语:指人的是间接宾语,指物的是直接宾语。

He gave me two books. She teaches me English・5.定语:用来修饰名词或代词的词.充当定语的有:形容词,形容词性物主代词,名词,不定式,介词短语,不定代词,从句等.K This is a red car.2.The building is their teaching building.3.The woman doctor is my wife.4- I have something to tell you.5.The man in front of the gate is Mr. Li.6.Every student has an English book.7x I know the boy who is playing basketball on the playground.6.状语:说明动作或状态特征修饰用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或整个句子.副词,介词短语,动词不定式,以及after, when, as soon as , until, if, before等引起的从句作状语•R You are quite right. 2> Tliey often draw in the park.We came here in order to learn English・4> If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home. 7.宾补:补充说明宾语。

句子成分与基本句型

句子成分与基本句型

句子成分与基本句型1.主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。

The sun rises in the east.(名词)He likes dancing.(代词)Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) To see is to believe.(不定式)Seeing is believing.(动名词)What he needs is a book. (主语从句)It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)2.谓语(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。

We study English. He is asleep.3.表语(predicative): 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

He is a teacher.(名词)She was very tired and looked it.(代词)Five and five is ten.(数词) He is asleep.(形容词)His father is in.(副词)The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词)To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. (不定式)The question is whether they will come. (表语从句)(常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来), look(看起来), feel(摸起来,smell(闻起来), taste(尝、吃起来), remain(保持,仍是), feel(感觉)...It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good. The door remains open. Now I feel tired.4.宾语:1)动作的承受者-----动宾I like China.(名词)He hates you.(代词)How many do you need? We need two.(数词)We should help the old and the poor. (形容词) I enjoy working with you. (动名词)I hope to see you again.(不定式)Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.3)双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.5.宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。

句子成分+基本句型

句子成分+基本句型

语法复习:句子成分;简单句、并列句和复合句一、句子成分(一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。

句子成分有主要有主语、谓语表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语、插入语和呼语。

(二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。

但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。

主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。

例如:During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词)We often speak English in class.(代词)One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)(三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。

动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。

谓语的构成如下:1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。

如:He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。

如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold.(2)由系动词加表语构成。

英语学习中的基本句型结构和句子成分

英语学习中的基本句型结构和句子成分

英语基本句型结构与句子成分一、英语的基本句型结构(一)、句型1:Subject (主语) +Verb (谓语动词)这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词,常见的动词如:work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。

如:1) Li Ming works very hard.李明学习很努力。

2) The little girl cried even harder. 小女孩哭得更厉害了。

3) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。

(二)、句型2:Subject (主语) +Link. V(系动词) +Predicate(表语)这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。

其系动词一般可分为下列两类:(1)表示状态。

这样的词有:be, remain, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep, feel等。

如:1) This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。

2) He looked worried just now.刚才他看上去有些焦急。

(2)表示变化。

这类系动词有:become, turn, get, grow, go等。

如:1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了,天气变得越来越暖和。

2) The tree has grown much taller than before.这棵树比以前长得高多了。

(三)、句型3:Subject(主语) +Verb (谓语动词) +Object (宾语)这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词。

其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。

例:1) He took his bag and left.(名词)他拿着书包离开了。

句子成分,基本句型,特殊动词,主从句

句子成分,基本句型,特殊动词,主从句

一:句子成分(Members of a sentence)什么叫句子成分呢?句子的组成成分叫句子成分。

在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。

句子成分由词或词组充当。

现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。

英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。

定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。

句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分:主语和谓语次要成分:表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和独立成分A.主语I定义:是一个句子所叙述的主体。

一般位于句首,但在there be 结构、疑问句(当主语不是疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。

II主语的表现形式1.名词During the 1990s,American country music has become more and more popular. Professor Zhang is a famous scientist.2.代词W e often speak English in and out of class.Who is the man standing over there?3.数词One-third of the students in this class are girls.Two times five is ten.4.不定式To swim in the river is a great pleasure.To master English is useful.5.动名词Smoking does harm to the health.Playing football in the street is dangerous.6.名词化的形容词The rich should help the poor.In the new China, the old are living a happy life.7.从句When we are going to have an English test has not been decided yet.Whether he’ll join us in the discussion is of great importance.8.it作形式主语It is dangerous playing with fireIt is important to learn English.It is a pity that he cannot swim.B.谓语I定义:说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。

2025届高考英语专项复习 句子成分及基本句型 课件(共28张PPT)

2025届高考英语专项复习 句子成分及基本句型 课件(共28张PPT)

定语通常包括前置定语和后置定语 前置定语 放在被修饰或限定的词前
I have a cute dog.
后置定语 放在被修饰或限定的词后 The girl in the reddress is my sister.
英语八大句子成分
定语
可以作定语的词类
名词 I am an English teacher.
动名词 Entering a university is my dream.
从句 What he said is right.
英语八大句子成分
谓语 >说明主语的动作、状态和特征
只有动词和动词短语能作谓语
→谓语有人称、数和时态的变化
>谓语通常包括简单谓语和复合谓语
简单谓语 由一个实义动词或动词短语构成
I love my dog.
复合谓语 由情态动词/助动词+动词原形 或 系动词+表语构成
I don 't want to drink water. You should drink much water. You look beautiful.
英语八大句子成分
宾语 > 动作的对象和承受者
>双宾语(间接宾语IO+直接宾语DO)
形容词 数词
I read an interesting book. I have two brothers.
介词短语 The girl in a red stress is my sister. 不定式 I have a letter to write .
分词 The smiling girl is my sister.
英语八大句子成分 主语
可以作主语的词类
名词 The dog iscute.
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句子成分及基本句型【句子的成分】在英文中句子成分包括:主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。

(一)主语:主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。

一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。

它在句首。

如:(1)Lucy is a beautiful nurse. (名词作主语)(2)He reads newspapers every day. (代词作主语)(3)Smoking is harmful to the health. (动名词作主语)(4)To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.(不定式作主语)(5)What we should do is not yet decided. (主语从句作主语)(二)谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。

谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)必须是动词。

谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。

它在主语后面。

如:His parents are teachers. (系动词和表语一起作谓语)We study hard. (行为动词作谓语)We don’t finish reading the book. (助动词和行为动词一起作谓语)He can speak English. (情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语)(三)宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。

一般放在谓语之后。

She is doing her homework now.(名词作宾语)She says(that)she is ill.(宾语从句作动词宾语)We often help him.(代词作宾语)He likes to play basketball.(不定式作宾语)We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。

(动名词短语作宾语)说明1:宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物,宾语一般放在及物动词之后。

介词后面的名词或代词或动名词,称为介词宾语。

名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。

另外,动词不定式可作动词宾语;动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。

说明2:及物动词作谓语时,后面要跟宾语。

宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。

直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象,直接宾语指物,间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人,间接宾语指人。

间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。

不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。

有的动词可以跟。

如:give, show(给……看),bring, pass, buy等。

如:(1)Our teacher tells us a story.(2)The sun gives us light.间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后,在表示“人”的间接宾语之前会出现介词“to”或“for”。

间接宾语前加“to”的有:give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise(答应), refuse(拒绝)等。

间接宾语加“for”的有:make, buy, do, get, play, order(命令), sing, pay等(1)I give him a book. 改成:(2)He passes me the book. 改成:(3)He writes me a letter. 改成:(4)He will buy me some books. 改成:(5)She is making me a cake. 改成:(四)宾语补足语在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分,称为宾语补足语。

名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、分词等可用作宾语补足语。

宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。

如:They make her happy.(形容词)I see her dance.(不定式)We’ll help you to make the Olympics a success.(名词)Please let him in.(副词)We heard her singing a song.(分词短语)(五)表语表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词或短语来担任。

它的位置在系动词后面。

如:I am a teacher.(名词)He is always happy.(形容词)They are on the playground now.(介词短语)It gets cold.(形容词)Be动词(am,is,are, was, were)表保持(keep, stay, remain)系动词表改变(get,become,turn)感官动词(feel,sound(听起来),seem/look(看起来),taste(尝起来),smell(闻起来))如:It sounds interesting.(sound为系动词,interesting为表语)We should all remain careful. Remain(为系动词,careful为表语)(六)定语定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。

形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不等式或相当于形容词的词或短语等。

单个词作定语时,通常放在它所修饰的名词之前。

如:The black bike is mine.(形容词)What’s your name?(代词)They make paper flowers.(名词)说明1:当定语修饰不定代词:nothing, anything, everything, something等时,定语在不定代词后面。

如:I tell him something interesting. (形容词interesting作不定代词something的后置定语)He has something to do. (to do为不定式作后置定语)说明2:短语或从句作定语时,也放在被修饰的名词之后。

如:The boys in the room are in Class Four. (in the room是介词短语作the boys 的后置定语。

)(七)状语修饰动词、形容词、副词。

一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义,一般由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。

状语一般放在句末,但有的可以放在句首、句中。

如:He did it carefully.(副词)We often help him.(副词)Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.(介词短语)When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher.(从句作时间状语)He sits there.(副词地点状语)【简单句的五种基本句型】A. 主语+不及物动词(主谓)如:The sun rises. 太阳升起来。

The car stopped. 小汽车停下来了。

rise和stop都是不及物动词,因此后边不必加宾语。

B. 主语+及物动词+宾语(主谓宾)如:I love my country.He helps me.I like action movies.I buy a book.C. 主语+系动词+表语(主系表)如:Her brother is a driver.We feel happy.(feel为系动词,表示感到……)It gets dark.天黑了。

(get为系动词,表示变得)Tom looks ill. Tom看上去病了。

(look为系动词,表示看上去,看起来)D. 主语+及物动词+双宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)(主谓+直宾+间宾)如:He gives Tom a present.(双宾语)他给汤姆一件礼物。

Mother make a new dress for me.(双宾语)妈妈为我做了一件衣服。

E. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(主+谓+宾+宾补)如:They call her Mary.(宾补)他们叫她Mary。

We make our classroom clean and tidy.(宾补)我们使我们的教室干净整齐。

He always makes us laugh.(宾补)他总使我们笑。

一、典型例题写出划线部分的句子成分。

1. Lily is cleaning the desk now.2. Her garden is the best in our town.3. Liu Ming is thirteen years old.4. I like this book very much.5. The girl on the blue bike is Jane’s sister.6. She didn’t come to my party because she was ill.7. Wang Ping does his homework carefully.8. We will go to the Children’s Palace once a week.9. They are in the classroom.10. It sounds good.11. His name is Paul.12. We always go to school early.二、课后练习(一) 挑出下列句中的宾语①My brother doesn't do his homework.A B C D②People all over the world speak English.A B C D③You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.A B C D④How many new words do you learn ?A B C D⑤Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?A B C D(二) 挑出下列句中的表语①The old man is feeling very tired.A B C D②Why is he worried about Jim?A B C D③The leaves have turned yellow.A B C D④Soon they all become interested in the subject.A B C D⑤She is the first to learn about it.A B C D(三) 挑出下列句中的定语①They use Mr. with the family name.A B C D②What is your given name?A B C D③On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.A B C D④I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.A B C D⑤The man downstairs was trying to sleep.A B C D(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语①She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.A B C D②He asks her to take the boy out of school.A B C D③She find it difficult to do the work.A B C D④They call me Lily sometimes.A B C D⑤I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.A B C D(五) 挑出下列句中的状语①There is a big smile on her face.A B C D②Every night he heard the noise upstairs.A B C D③He began to learn English when he was eleven.A B C D④The man on the motorbike is travelling to fast.A B C D⑤With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.A B C D(六) 划出句中的直接宾语( )和间接宾语()①Please tell us a story.②My father bought a new bike for me last week.③Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.④Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.⑤Does he leave any message for me?典型例题答案一.写出划线部分的句子成分。

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