2005年11月2级笔译考试真题及答案
2005年日语能力考试2级真题-读解文法
2005年日语能力考试2级真题読解・文法(200点 70分)問題Ⅰ 次の文章を読んで、後の問いに答えなさい。
答えは、1234から最も適当なものを一つ選びなさい。
私たちの時間の感覚は、人によって、また立場によってもかなり違います。
電話でよく「少々お待ちください」と言って待たされます。
3分待たされたとしますと、待った人の感覚ではその3倍、9分ぐらい待たされた気がします。
この時、待たせた方は実際が3分でも、その3分の1の1分ぐらいにしか感じないのです。
つまり待たせた人と待たされた人の時間感覚の差は( ① )倍にもなるのです。
そのことをよく承知したうえで「お待たせいたしました」を言わないと、②お客さまを不快(注1)にさせることになります。
本来、時間に対する日本人の感覚は、きわめて(注2)神経質(注3)だと言われます。
交通機関(注4)のダイヤの正確さなどにもそれがよく表れています。
ところが、その反面、日本語の中にはきわめて曖昧に時間を伝えることばが数多くあります。
「しばらくお待ちください」「のちほどお電話さしあげます」「まもなく着くと思います」「少々時間をください」などの言い方は日常的によく使われています。
応対の中で「③のちほどこちらからお電話さしあげます」と言った数人の人に、「『のちほど』というのは何分ぐらいの時に使いますか?」と訊ねたことがあります。
驚いたことに答えは千差万別(注5)です。
2、3分、10分か15分、30分ぐらい、1時間、2、3時聞、その日のうち、最大1週間以内と答えた人もいます。
そして、「のちほど」と言われた相手の客も「のちほどって何分後ですか」と聞き返す人は皆無(注6)に近いのです。
「ではよろしくお願いします」で終わってしまいます。
客の方が「のちほど」を何分ぐらいと理解したかです。
言った方に④それだけ幅があるのですから……。
「のちほど電話すると言ったから、出かけないで待ってるのにかかってこないじゃないか」と苦情になったこともあります。
2006年11月俄语二级笔译实务试题及答案1
w w w .800x yz.co m试题Раздел IПисьменныйпереводсрусскогонакитайский(俄译汉)(60 баллов)Переведитеследующиетекстынакитайскийязык. Навыполнениезаданиядается 100 минут.1Вапреленачинаетсязаписьвпервыеклассышкол.Вапрелешкольнымадминистрациямофициальноразрешенопроводитьзаписьвпервыйкласс, нозаботливыеродителиначинаютвсегдапрощупыватьпочвунамногораньше. Ведьнайтихорошуюшколу – этокрайневажно. Ачтотакоехорошаяшкола – каждыйродительрешаетдлясебясам. Длякого-то – этопреподаватели, чутьлинекандидатынаук. Акто-тохочет«домашней» атмосферы. Сусловиемтого, чтоименновначальнойшколезакладываютсяосновыфункциональнойграмотностиребенка (до 10 лет) иименноэтинавыкибудутвлиятьвдальнейшемнавсюжизньребенка, квыборушколынадоподходитьразумно. Еслиусловияконкурсапоотборулучшихшколбудутсоответствоватьзаявленнымтребованиям, тосовсемскороинформацияонихбыстрораспространится. Сегодняточнуюинформациюобинтересующейвасшколевысможетеполучитьотродителей, поджидающихсвоихдетейвозлешкольногозабора. Ипервое, чтовыпойметеизразговоров, – вхорошуюшколутакпростонепопадешь.Есливывыбралишколусуглубленнымизучениемпредмета, тотребованиесобеседованияприпоступлениивпервыйклассможносчитатьвполнеразумным. Зачастуювпрестижныешколыберутдетей, ужеумеющихw w w .800x yz.co mчитать. Ученыесчитают, чтораннееразвитиечтениянетольковозможно, ноиполезно. Еслиребенокнеходилвдетскийсадиснимпокакой-топричиненезанималсяпедагогподошкольномуобразованию, этуфункциюнынесуспехомвыполняютначитанныеродители.Какмыузналиводнойизочередейвпрестижнуюгимназию, многиеизродителейзнакомыссамымиразнымиметодикамиобучениядетейчтению.Принормальныхусловияхразвитияходить, говоритьичитатьребенокможетнаучитьсяпрактическиодновременно – впериодмеждупервымивторымгодомжизни. Детивраннемвозрастеболеевосприимчивыиобучаемы. Обучениедетейчтениюссемилетявляетсядлянихужеподвигом. Араннееобучениеможетпроисходитьгораздопроще. Егометодикаосновананаобучениичтениюребенкацелымисловами. Процесспознаниясостоитвтом, чторебенкувбыстромтемпепоказываютопределенноеколичествослов, записанныхбольшимибукваминаотдельныхкарточках. Карточкидолжныбытьоченьбольшогоразмера. Сначалаэтосамыепростыеслова – «мама», «папа». Постепенноколичествословувеличивается. Появляютсяцелыесловосочетания. Затемпредложения. Наконецдомашнимиготовятсяцелыекниги. Постепенноребенокзапоминаетинезнакомыетексты. Этокажетсянереальным, нотакбывает.Такчтожебудемпроверятьшколунасобеседовании? Учитывая, чтовпоследнеевремяборьбапротиввзяточничестваактивизировалась, будемнадеяться, чтовсебудетхорошо. Вовсякомслучае, еслиотваспотребуютвнести«лепту», помните, чтовсеблаготворительныеденьгинануждышколымогутприниматьсяадминистрациейтолькопослеприемаребенкавданноеучебноезаведение. Апроверятьнасобеседованиимогутодно – способенлиребенокучитьсявданнойшколепоуглубленнымпрограммамилинет. Заметим, чтоприсобеседованииобязанприсутствоватьпсихолог. Впрестижныешколыотборнынесродниподборунарольвхорошемфильме.0x y z.co mРаздел IIПисьменныйпереводскитайскогонарусский(汉译俄)(40 баллов)Переведитеследующиетекстынарусскийязык. Навыполнениезаданиядается 80 минут.1中国政府坚定不移地奉行独立自主的和平外交政策。
2004年11月英语二级《笔译综合能力》试题及参考答案-推荐下载
人事部翻译资格证书(CATTI)2004年11月英语二级《笔译综合能力》试题及参考答案Section 1: Vocabulary and Grammar (25 points)Part 1 Vocabulary Selection1. The Kyoto Protocol has been designed to ____ the global environmental problems.A. dressB. AddressC. stressD. distress2. Part of the investment is to be used to ____ that old temple to its original splendor.A. restB. RecoverC. replaceD. restore3. The list of things we need to think about which will be ______ by climate change is endless.A. affiliatedB. AffectedC. affirmedD. effected4. Now a single cell phone is able to store a large ____ of information about an individual life.A. dealB. NumberC. amountD. account5. We will not be held responsible for any damage which results ____rough handling.A. fromB. OffC. inD. to6. Our products are displayed in Stand B22, ____ you will find me during office hours.A. whenB. WhichC. thatD. where7. We cannot see any possibility of business _____ your price is on the high side of the prevailing market trend.A. whichB. SinceC. thatD. though8. Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event _____ is equal to the probability that it will not occur.A. occurringB. OccurredC. occursD. occur9. “They’re the best team I’ve seen thus far,”says ____ men’s basketball coach Larry Brown.A.American’sC.the USAD.United State of America10. Many Americans do not understand why there is so much international criticism of the US policy on ____ change.A. atmosphereB. SkyC. weatherD. climate11. In order to obtain the needed information, you should write simply, clearly, and concisely ____ the reader wants to know.A. whatB. ThatC. so thatD. which12. Regarding insurance, the ____ is for 110% of the invoice value of the goods that a manufacturer wants to export.A. amountB. CoverC. InsuranceD. premium13. Since the shipment consists of seasonable goods, it is important that it is ____ as soon as possible.A. deletedB. DemandedC. deliveredD. detached14. The long service of decades of the to-be-retired with the company was ____ a present each from the President.A. confirmed byB. recorded inC. acknowledged withD. appreciated for15. Home to magnates and gangsters, refugees and artists, the city was, in its ____ a metropolis thatexhibited all the hues of the human character.A. primeB. PrimaryC. privacyD. probation16. Buildings in the southeast of the UK are going to have to be constructed ____ those in Scotland if the report findings are correct.A. asB. LikeC. likelyD. are like17. The state of Michigan now requires sports fans to make an annual ____ of $125 to $500 a seat to keep their end zone perches at Michigan Stadium.A. tributaryB. attributionC. contributionD. distribution18. The possibilities for ____ energy sources, including solar power, wind power, geothermal power, water power and even nuclear energy promise greatly to the earthlings.A. altitudeB. AlternateC. alternatingD. alternative19. Americans who consider themselves ____ in the traditional sense do not usually hesitate to heap criticism in domestic matters over what they believe is oppressive or wasteful.A. pedestrianB. penchantC. PatrioticD. patriarch20. The countries that are being blamed for the extra greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are the rich and developed countries. On a different ____, the developing countries feel they will suffer the most of it.A. nodB. NoteC. normD. notionPart 2 Vocabulary Replacement21. He remained calm in the face of the impending danger.A. terrificB. TrivialC. astonishingD. imminent22. “Holmes!” I whispered. “What on earth are you doing in this disgusting place?”A. humbleB. UnpleasantC. underprivilegedD. noisy23. The futility of the program resulted from poor planning.A. possible failure in the futureB. ineffectiveness and uselessnessC. blindness to its mistakesD. potential disaster24. Construction of the gigantic office building in this city was for years intermittentA. stopping and starting at intervalsB. something that will happen soonC. being watched with keen interestD. anything that comes and goes25. Although many modifications have been made in it, the game known in the United States as football can be traced directly to the English game of rugby.A. rulesB. ChangesC. demandsD. leagues26. Your silence implies countenancing his abject behavior; therefore please clarify your stand to him.A.supportingB.ObscuringC.concealingD.assisting27. The graduate committee must be in full accord in their approval of a dissertation.A. indecisiveB. SullenC. vocalD. unanimous28. We regret being unable to entertain your request for providing free boarding to 15 sportsmen for two weeks.A. receiveB. ComplyC. coincideD. consider29. Justices of the peace have jurisdiction over the trials of some civil suits and of criminal cases involving minor offenses.A. superiorityB. AuthorityC. guidanceD. consider30. One of the things we have to do to prevent a pandemic is to make sure people understand and know what they can do to minimize the commotion.A. commandB. CollusionC. turmoilD. tutelage31. One of the effective ways to lessen environmental pollution is the reservation and protection of more swamps.A. vast thick coralsB. pockets of wet landC. warm volcanoesD. millions of bees and wasps32. The word “wrath”in The Grapes of Wrath by the Nobel Prize winner John Steinbeck probably means:A. great angerB. large crowdsC. hard laborD. sudden storms33. The artist spent years on his monumental painting, which covered the whole roof of the church, the biggest in the country.A. archaicB. SentimentalC. OutstandingD. entire34. The ancient Jewish people regarded themselves as the salt of the earth, the chosen few by God to rule the world.A. outcastB. EliteC. nomadD. disciple35. Many of the electric and electronic products we purchase and consume today are what some industrial experts call “homogenous toys”.A.identicalB.HomosexualC.unrelatedD.distinguishablePart 3 Error CorrectionThis part consists of 15 sentences in which there is an underlined part that indicates an error. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part so that the error is corrected. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.36. An “epigram” is usually descried as a bright or witty thought that is tersely and ingeniously expressed.A. describedB. DiscardedC. deservedD. disconcerted37. Human beings are superior to animals that they can use language as a tool of communication.A. in thatB. in whichC. for thatD. for which38. The Xinjiang Airlines serve passengers and customers in the southeast of China only.A. servesB. to serveC. servingD. service39. The senior senator has in the past three terms both experienced the sweet taste of success and the bitterness of defeat in his legislation fights with his opponents.A. both experiencesB. experiences bothC. experience bothD. experienced both40. Our company has been made one of the largest manufacturers in the field of chemical industry.A. become, inB. made, in field ofC. became, in the fieldD. been made of, in41. Daylight saving time was instituted to increase productivityA. reorganizedB. StartedC. encouragedD. taught42. Many students agreed to come, but some students against because they said they don’t have time.A. did not because they say they did notB. were against because they say they don’tC. did not because they said they did notD. were against coming because they said they don’t43. Some of the Low-end Made-in-China mechanical-electronic products are not selling well in export market as compared with what are termed as high-end ones.A. on export marketB. in exporting marketC. in exported marketD. in the export market44. Construction is expanding all over China, no doubt many materials will be needed at a very big amount in future.A. China, no doubt many materials will be needed for a very big amountB. China, no doubt many materials will be needed in a very big amount C. China, no doubt many materials will be needed in large amounts D. China, no doubt many materials will be needed for large amounts45. The recent conference on the effective use of the seas and oceans was another attempt resolving major differences among countries with conflicting interests.A. resolveB. ResolvesC. to resolveD. being resolved46. Water makes up some 70 percentage points of the body, and drinking enough water — either tap water or expensive mineral water — will ensure that the body is properly lubricated and flushed.A. per-centB. per capitaC. percentD. percentage47. “We’re not bringing in millions of dollars,” says a director of development. “But we want to make sure the demand is there before we act to the project.”A. ofB. OffC. onD. for48. By using new foreign textbooks, we could not only learn the right expression of business ideas, but also we will know the lastest developments in the business world.A. but also will know the lastestB. but also know the lastestC. but also know the latestD. but also come to know the latest49. The affluent middle class created by the Asian boom now take up over from exports as the main engine of growth.A. take over from exportsB. take from exportsC. take exportsD. takes exports50. Japan and the newly industrialized countries are passing labor-intensive sects as garmentmaking over to less developed nations and moving into advanced technology and services.A. sects likeB. sectors likeC. sections asD. sections such asSection 2: Reading Comprehension (50 points)In this section you will find after each of the passage a number of questions or unfinished statements about the passage, each with 4 (A, B, C and D) choices to complete the statement. You must choose the one which you think fits best. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. The time for this section is 70 minutes. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was set up in 1988 to assess information on climate change and its impact. Its Third Assessment Report predicts global temperature rises by 2100 of between 1.4℃ and 5.8℃. Although the issue of the changing climate is very complex and some changes are uncertain, temperature rises are expected to affect countriesthroughout the world and have a knock-on effect with sea-level rises. Scientists have argued about whether temperature rises are due to human activities or due to natural changes in our environment. The IPCC announced in 2001 that “most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is likely to be attributable to human activities”. This was a more forceful statement than in1996 when the Second Assessment Report stated that there was a “discernible human influence on the climate” which was the first time they had concluded such a link. Many experts believe the faster the climate changes, the greater the risk will be. Key points of the projections for climate change globally include that by the second half of the 21st century, wintertime rainfall in the northern mid to high latitudes and Antarctica will rise, that meanwhile Australia, Central America and southern Africa are likely to see decreases in autumn precipitation, that some land areas in the tropics will see more rainfall, and that there will generally be more hot days over land areas.51. IPCC probably does not ______.A. analyse climate change informationB. record weather changes on its premisesC. predict what is to happen to the earthD. collect weather date from many countries52. According to the passage, a Chinese city that recorded 45 degrees Celsius at noon on August 4,2004, will most probably witness a temperature measuring _____ at 12:00 sharp in the year of 2100.A. 46.1℃B. 1.4℃C. 5.8℃D. a number that I do not know53. According to the author, climate researchers _____.A. are quite sure about why it’s getting hotter and hotterB. declared that we humans are the cause why it’s getting hotterC. have discussed the possible cause why it’s hotterD. have claimed that changes in nature are the roots of hot days54. Based on the text, we know that temperature rises will probably _____.A. knock off sea levelsB. have a serious effect on sea-level risesC. keep the sea level risingD. keep knocking at the sea55. The IPCC announcement three years ago that “most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is” _____.A. possibly due to human activitiesB. possibly because human activitiesC. due to likely human activitiesD. human activities likely attributable56. Which statement was more forceful?A. “Global temperature will rise by 2100 between 1.4℃ and 5.8℃”.B. “Temperature rises are expected to affect countries throughout the world”.C. “Most of the warming is likely to be attributable to human activities”.D. “There was a “discernible human influence on the climate”.57. The Second Assessment Report was released ____ years ago.A. fiveB. SixC. sevenD. eight58. “Such a link” in the passage refers most probably to _____.A. IPCC and climate changesB. global temperatures and sea levelsC. natural changes and human activitiesD. human activities and temperature rises59. “The risk” mentioned in the text probably refers to _____.A. a possibility that there will be more climate changesB. a potential that sea level will possibly keep risingC. temperature rises that are expected to affect all countriesD. a prediction warning human beings not to ruin the environment60. Obviously, the word “precipitation” most probably refers to _____.A. latitudeB. RainfallC. temperatureD. projection Now which are the animals really to be pitied in captivity? First, those clever beings whose lively urge for activity can find no outlet behind the bars of the cage. This is most conspicuous, even for the uninitiated, in the case of animals which, when living in a free state, are accustomed to roaming about widely. Owing to this frustrated desire, foxes and wolves housed, in many old-fashioned zoos, in cages which are far too small, are among the most pitiable of all caged animals. Though pinioned swans generally seem happy, under proper care, by hatching and tearing their young without any trouble, at migration time things become different: they repeatedly swim to the lee side of the pond, in order to have the whole extent of its surface at their disposal, trying to take off. Again and again the grand preparations end in a pathetic flutter of their half wings; a truly sorry picture! This, however, rarely awakens the pity of the zoo visitor, least of all when such an originally highly intelligent and mentally alert animal has deteriorated, in confinement, into a crazy idiot, a very caricature of its former self. Sentimental old ladies, the fanatical sponsors of the societies for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, have no compunction in keeping a grey parrot in a relatively small cage or even chained to a perch. Together with the large corvines, the parrots are probably the only birds which suffer from that state of mind, common to prisoners, namely, boredom.61. What is an “outlet” in the context of this passage?A. An opportunity for expression.B. A place to let.C. A chance of escape into a woodD. An exit for a marketer.62. What does “the uninitiated” mean?A. People who visit animals in urban zoos.B. People who do not like animals of the wild.C. People who know little about a certain topic.D. People who do not visit zoos every year.63. According to the author in Paragraph 1, what animals suffer most in captivity?A. Climbing animals.B. Hunting animals.C. Parroting animals.D. Singing animals.64. What do you think “hatching and rearing their young” means?A. Raising families.B. Getting on well with smaller birds.C. Behaving like young birds.D. Attacking smaller birds.65. Which is the “lee side” of the pond?A. The side the wind is blowing from.B. The side which is sheltered from a storm.C. The side the wind id blowing towards.D. The side where the water is the deepest.66. According to the author, swans in captivity are ______.A. happy unless their wings have been cutB. happy most of the time, but unhappy sometimesC. unhappy most of the timeD. only happy when they are bringing up families67. What effect does confinement have on clever animals, according to the text?A. They never stop trying to escape.B. They lose all their muscles.C. They become unhygienic.D. They may go mad.68. In Paragraph 3, the expression “have no compunction about” most probably means” have no _____.A. reaction toB. understanding ofC. second thoughts aboutD. enlightenment on69. What does the author say about sentimental old ladies?A. They do not care about animals.B. They hate making animals suffer.C. They enjoy making animals suffer.D. They do not realise the consequences.70. What do you think “large corvines” probably are?A. Another kind of bird.B. Another kind of parrot.C. Another kind of swans.D. Other birds that convince us. The fact that most Americans live in urban areas does not mean that they reside in the center of large cities. In fact, more Americans live in the suburbs of large metropolitan areas than in the cities themselves. The Bureau of the Census regards any area with more than 2,500 people as an urban area, and does not consider boundaries of cities and suburbs. According to the Bureau, the political boundaries are less significant than the social and economic relationships and the transportation and communication systems that integrate a locale. The term used by the Bureau for an integrated metropolis is an MSA, which stands for Metropolitan Statistical Area. In general, an MSA is any area that contains a city and its surrounding suburbs and has a total population of 50,000 or more. At the present time, the Bureau reports more than 280 MSAs, which together account for 75 percent of the US population. In addition, the Bureau recognizes 18 megapolises, that is, continuous adjacent metropolitan areas. One of the most obvious megapolises includes a chain of hundreds of cities and suburbs across 10 states on the East Coast from Massachusetts to Virginia, including Boston, New York, and Washington, D.C. In the Eastern Corridor, as it is called, a population of 45 million inhabitants is concentrated. Another megapolis that is growing rapidly is the California coast from San Francisco through Los Angeles to San Diego.71. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Metropolitan Statistical AreasB. Types of Population CentersC. The Bureau of the CensusD. Megapolises72. According to the passage, where do most Americans live?A. In the center of cities.B. In the suburbs surrounding large cities.C. In rural areas.D. In small towns.73. The underlined word “reside” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _____.A. fillB. DecideC. occupyD. live74. According to the Bureau of the Census, what is an urban area?A. A chain of adjacent cities.B. An area with at least 50,000 people.C. The 18 largest cities.D. An area with 2,500 people or more.75. Which of the following are NOT considered important in defining an urban area?A. Political boundaries.B. Transportation networks.C. Social relationships.D. Economic systems.76. The underlined word “integrate” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _____.A. benefitB. DefineC. uniteD. restrict77. Which of the following is NOT true?A. An integrated metropolis is an MSA.B. MSA stands for MetropolitanStatistical Area.C. A metropolis includes at least a metropolitan.D. An MSA refers to city and its suburbs, with over 50,000 people.78. The underlined word “adjacent” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to _____.A. beside each otherB. growing very fastC. the same sizeD. densely populated79. According to the passage, what is a megapolis?A. One of the 10 largest cities in the United States.B. One of the 18 largest cities in the United States.C. One of the 100 cities between Boston and Washington.D. Any number of continuous adjacent cities and suburbs.80. Why does the author mention the Eastern Corridor and the California coast in Paragraph 4?A. As examples of megapolises.B. Because 75 percent of the population lives there.C. To conclude the passage.D. The Bureau of the Census is located there. “What does the middleman do but add to the price of goods in the shops?” Such remarks are aimed at the intermediate operations between manufacturers and final customers. This practice usually attracts a lot of attention from the public and the press and the operation most talked about is what is often called wholesaling. The wholesaler buys goods in large quantities from the manufacturers and sells them in smaller parcels to retailers, and for this service his selling price to the retailer is raised several percent higher. But his job is made more difficult by retail demand not necessarily running level with manufacturers’production. Because he adjusts or regulates the flow of goods by holding stock until required, he frees the manufacturer, to some extent, from the effect on production of changing demand and having to bear the whole risk. The manufacture can then keep up a steady production flow, and the retailer has no need to hold heavy stocks, who can call on the wholesaler for supplies any time. This wholesale function is like that of a valve in a water pipe. The middleman also bears part of the risk that would otherwise fall on the manufacturer and also the retailer. The wholesaler provides a purely commercial service, for which he is too well rewarded. But the point that is missed by many people is that the wholesaler is not just someone adding to the cost of goods. It is true one could eliminate the wholesaler but one would still be left with his function: that of making sure that goods find their way to the people who want them.81. “Middleman” in the passage almost equals to all the following in meaning EXCEPT _____.A. go-betweenB. IntermediaryC. manufacturerD. wholesaler82. “This practice” in Paragraph 1 most probably refers to the fact that the middleman _____.A. increases the prices in the shopsB. buys from you and sells to meC. aims remarks at manufacturersD. interferes with end user customers83. The wholesaler obtains higher selling prices for _____.A. small parcels he sellsB. goods he buys in bulkC. the service he providesD. the information he offers84. A middleman’s work may become difficult because _____.A. manufacturers run their production on a much higher levelB. market demand may not be the same as industrial productionC. retailers are not necessary in running their retailing businessD. retailers demand lower levels than those demanded by manufacturers85. The wholesaler regulates the flow of goods by _____.A. running level with manufacturers’ productionB. holding down stock of commoditiesC. keeping stock for stronger demandD. adjusting the prices of goods in time86. The middleman relieves the producer of _____.A. fluctuating market demand and staying at riskB. the production of commodities for the retail marketC. some extent of production of changing demandD. storing goods in a warehouse until they are needed87. What function of the wholesaler is compared to a valve?A. Controlling the flow of goods.B. Pushing up demand from retailers.C. Bearing part of the risk for manufacturers.D. Selling goods to retailers.88. Which of the following statement is true?A. People cannot do without the wholesaler’s function.B. The function of the wholesaler does not add to the cost of goods.C. The wholesaler helps to reduce the price of goods in shops.D. The wholesaler is well paid for his commercial service.89. The author quite possibly believes that the function of the wholesaler is _____.A. good but too costlyB. necessary but harmfulC. removable but necessaryD. acceptable but unnecessary90. Which of the following titles is most appropriate for this passage?A. The Greedy WholesalersB. The Wholesalers in the Public EyeC. A Retail Market with WholesalersD. Can We Do without the Wholesaler? This is offered as a textbook illustration of the principle that voters are far shrewder than most politicians believe. This case study highlighting Washington’s inability to fool anyone is based on a recent survey of the attitudes of people on Medicare about their new prescription-drug benefit. Last fall, when Congress added prescription-drug coverage to Medicare, the new law was hailed as a political masterpiece. Congressional Democrats, who overwhelmingly opposed the bill, thundered that they, too, were eager to provide a drug subsidy and smaller incentives to health insurers to participate. Liberals such as Sen. Edward Kennedy were confident that the drug bill, with plenty of holes in its benefit formulas, would inevitably be expanded around the time it took effect. Not many in Congress seemed troubled that the federal budget was deep in deficit, the nation was saddled with future expenditures for the Irap war and virtually no health care expert believed that the legislation would fit into its projected $400-billion-over-10-years cost framework. The new law was a cynical bargain that had more to do with the 2004 election than a rational approach to the prescription-drug needs of the nation’s elderly. The prescription-drug legislation seems a compromise between competing ideologies inserted into a fixed congressional budget. Put another way, it was sausage-stuffing in the guise of lawmaking. And, what no one anticipated was the reaction of the elderly, a group that votes in disproportionate numbers.91. The passage you are reading is the beginning part of a report in the original. Then, what is “This”, the first word, most probably referring to?A. An offered illustration.B. Part of a textbook on politics.C. What the author is going to write.D. The principle that voters are shrewder than mostpoliticians believe.92. Also found in Paragraph 1, what does “this case study” probably refer to?A. A case study the writer is to talk about.B. Part of a textbook on politics.C. What the author is going to write.D. Washington’s inability to fool anyone.93. Based on a recent survey of the attitudes of people on Medicare is _____.A. the capital city of the United States of AmericaB. a textbook on American politicsC. what the author is going to writeD. a statement that the American government cannot fool its people94. “Congress added prescription-drug coverage to Medicare”most probably means that the Congress of the USA decided to _____. A. add prescription-drugs to the Medicare program B. allow the Medicare program to provide refunding subsidies to selected medicines to be purchased by Medicare members C. increase payment to Medicare for refunding Americans buying prescription medicines D. provide insurance to prescription drugs purchased by Medicare participants95. Below are four groups of terms that are found in the passage. Which group contains at least one term that does not refer to the same things as the other terms within the group?A. the new law, the bill, the drug bill, the prescription-drug legislation, the legislationB. prescription-drug coverage, the new law, the drug bill, the prescription-drug legislation, the legislationC.the drug bill, the bill, Medicare with prescription-drug coverage added, the prescription-drug legislation, the legislationD. the new law, the bill, the drug bill, Medicare with additions including prescription-drug coverage, the prescription-drug legislation96. Democratic Congressmen suggested that the government should _____.A. be enthusiastic in providing a drug benefit to the peopleB. oppose the new legislation with thundering protestsC. give more money, so to speak, to medicine markers and retailersD. provide financial assistance to people wanting to buy life insurance97. Paragraph 3 reflects basically the views and comments of _____.A. Congressional DemocratsB. many other Liberals in the CongressC. Sen. Edward KennedyD. the author of the passage98. According to the text, some health care experts believed that _____.A. the new law had a 10-year budget of about $400 billion but little was expected for the prescription-drug coverageB. the new law will have to wait another 10 years and cost about $400 billion before it is able to take effectC. the framework of the new legislation would be fit for a project that was to cost $400 billion over the next 10 yearsD. the projected $400-billion-over-10-years cost framework was planned to be budget for the current Iraq war99. Referring to the elderly as summarized in the passage, we can assume that they are _____.A. great in number and most will voteB. great in number but few tend to voteC. few in number and few tend to voteD. few in number but most will vote。
英语二级笔译11月真题+答案解析
英译汉 passage1Apple may well be the only technical company on the planet that would dare compare itself to Picasso.苹果可能是世界上唯一敢自比毕加索的科技公司。
(相媲美的)1. dare:A. (have the courage)敢to dare (to) do [something]敢做某事she dare(s) not or daren't or doesn't dare leave the baby alone 她不敢让宝宝独自待着I dare say, ...也许,…B.激to dare [somebody] to do [something]激某人做某事somebody dared me to jump off the bridge有人激我从桥上跳下去I dare you to ask her (to dance)我谅你不敢邀请她(跳舞)dare加to和不加to是有不同意思的,要加以区别。
In a class at the company's internal university, the instructor (导师)likened the 11 lithographs that make up Picasso’s The Bull to the way Apple builds its smart phones and other devices. The idea is that Apple designers strive for simplicity just as Picasso eliminated details to create a great work of art.在苹果公司内部大学的一堂课上,讲师曾提到毕加索绘制名画《公牛》时的11 块石版画,他认为苹果打造智能手机等设备的过程与之类似。
2003.12-2005.11 翻译资格考试二级笔译综合能力及实务真题详解
2003年12英语二级《笔译综合能力》试题Part1 Summary Writing1.Read the following English passage and then write a Chinese summary of approximately 300 words that expresses its main ideas and basic information (40 points, 50 minutes)Deceptively small in column inches, a recent New Y ork Times article holds large meaning for us in business. The item concerned one Daniel Provenzano, 38, of Upper Saddle River, N.J. Here is the relevant portion:When he owned a Fort Lee printing company called Advice Inc., Mr. Provenzano said he found out that a sales representative he employment had stolen $9,000. Mr. Provenzano said he told the man that ―if he wanted to keep his employment, I would have to break his thumb.‖ He said another Advice employee drove the sales representative to Holy Name Hospital in Teaneck, broke the thumb with a hammer outside the hospital, and then had a car service take the man home after the thumb was repaired.Mr. Provenzano explained that he ―didn‘t want to set an example‖that workers could get away with stealing. The worker eventually paid back $4,500 and kept his job, he said. I know that you‘re thinking: This is an outrage. I, too, was shocked that Provenzano was being prosecuted for his astute management. Indeed, I think his ―modest proposal‖ has a lot to teach managers as they struggle with the problems of our people-centered business environment. Problems such as ….Dealing with the bottom 10%. GE made the system famous, but plenty of companies are using it: Every year you get rid of the worst-evaluated workers. Many managers object that this practice is inhumane, but not dealing with that bottom 10% leads to big performance problems. Provenzano found a kinder, gentler answer. After all, this employee would have been fired virtually anywhere else. But at Advice Inc., he stayed on the job. And you know what? I bet he become a very, very —very —productive employee. For most managers Provenzano‘s innovative response will be a welcome new addition to their executive tool kit. And by the way, ―executive tool kit‖ is clearly more than just a metaphor at Advice Inc.Being the employer of choice. With top talent scarce everywhere, most companies now want to be their industry‘s or their community‘s most desirable. Advice Inc. understood. The employee in question wasn‘t simply disciplined in his supervisor‘s office and sent home. No, that‘s how an ordinary employer would have done it. But at Advice Inc., another employee —the HR manager, perhaps? —took time out his busy day and drove the guy right to the emergency room. And then —the detail that says it all —the company provided a car service to drive the employee home. The message to talented job candidates comes through loud and clear: Advice Inc. is a company that cares.Setting an example to others. An eternal problem for managers is how to let all employees know what happens to those who perform especially well or badly. A few companies actually post everyone‘s salary and bonus on their intranet. But pay is so one-dimensional. At Advice Inc., a problem that would hardly be mentioned at most companies —embezzlement —was undoubtedly the topic of rich discussions for weeks, at least until the employee‘s cast came off. Any employee theft probably went way, way —way —down.When the great Roberto Goizueta was CEO of Coca-Cola he used to talk about this problem of setting examples and once observed, ―Sometimes you must have an execution in the public square!‖ But of course he was speaking only figuratively. If he had just listened to his own words, Goizueta might have been an even better CEO.Differentiation. This is one of Jack Welch‘s favorite concepts —the idea that managers should treat different employees very differently based on performance. Welch liked to differentiate with salary, bonus, and stock options, but now, in what must henceforth be known as the post-Provenzano management era, we can see that GE‘s great management thinker just wasn‘t thinking big enough.This Times article is tantalizing and frustrating. In just a few sentences it opens a whole new world of management, yet much more surely remains to be told. We must all urge Provenzano to write a book explaining his complete managerial philosophy. 2.Read the following Chinese passage and then write an English summary of approximately 250 words that expresses its central ideas and main viewpoints (40 points, 50 minutes)越是对原作体会深刻,越是欣赏原文的每秒,越觉得心长力,越觉得译文远远的传达不出原作的神韵。
11月CATTI二级笔译真题
20XX年11月CATTI英语二级笔译真题及参考译文(2017-11-08 20:05:12)转载▼标签:英语翻译英语学习20XX年11月CATTI英语二级笔译真题及参考译文EC Passage 1You’ve temporarily misplaced your cell phone and anxiously retrace your steps to try to find it. Or perhaps you never let go of your phone—it's always in your hand, your pocket, or your bag, ready to be answered or consulted at a moment’s notice. When your battery life runs down at the end of the day, you feel that yours is running low as well. New research shows that there’s a psychological reason for such extreme phone dependence: According to the attachment theory, for some of us, our phone serves the same function as the teddy bear we clung to in childhood.你有过这种经历吗?手机一时放错了地方,忘了在哪,急急忙忙返回寻找;手机从不离身,总是握在手里,揣在兜里或者放在包里,时刻准备回复消息,查找内容。
一整天过去了,一旦发现手机没电,简直觉得自己也要没电了。
最新研究揭示了极端“手机依赖症”背后的心理动因:根据依恋理论,手机简直成了我们大多数人小时候恋恋不舍的泰迪熊。
2005-2017年历年考研英语二翻译真题
2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History and news become confused, and one’s impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism. 46) Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed -- and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene. 47) In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group, while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind.Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market. 48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution.49) Creating a “European identity”that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice -- that of producing programs in Europe for Europe. This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own.In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank for Television Production which, on the model of the European Investments Bank, will handle the finances necessary for production costs. 50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “Unit ed we stand, divided we fall” -- and if I had to choose a slogan it would be “Unity in our diversity.” A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckberger told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected America. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they, not America, who have become anti-intellectual.First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual? 46) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a Socratic (苏格拉底) way about moral problems.He explores such problems consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained. 47) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals -- the average scientist, for one. 48) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in the everyday performance of his routine duties -- he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports. 49) But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. During most of his waking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics.The definition also excludes the majority of teachers, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. 50) They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.This description even fits the majority of eminent scholars. Being learned in some branch of human knowledge is one thing, living in "public and ill ustrious thoughts,” as Emerson would say, is something else.The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. (46) Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. (47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalist’s intellectual preparation for his or her career.(48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. (49) In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. (50) While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)In his autobiography, Darwin himself speaks of his intellectual powers with extraordinary modesty. He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely, but (46) he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.He disclaimed the possession of any great quickness of apprehension or wit, such as distinguished Huxley.(47) He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.His memory, too, he described as extensive, but hazy. So poor in one sense was it that he never could remember for more than a few days a single date or a line of poetry. (48) On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning.This, he thought, could not be true, because the “Origin of Species”is one long argument from the beginning to the end, and has convinced many able men. No one, he submits, could have written it without possessing some power of reasoning. He was willing to assert that “I have a fair share of invention, and of common sense or judgment, such as every fairly successful lawyer or doctor must have, but not, I believe, in any higher degree.”(49) He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.”Writing in the last year of his life, he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had changed during the preceding twenty or thirty years. Up to the age of thirty or beyond it poetry of many kinds gave him great pleasure. Formerly, too, pictures had given him considerable, and music very great, delight. In 1881, however, he said: “Now for many years I cannot endure to read a line of poetry. I have also almost lost my taste for pictures or music.” (50) Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others, and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association.46It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive.Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. 47Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world's work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance.48 While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. 49Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.50 We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group.2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试(英语二)46.Directions:In this section there is a text in English .Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15points)“Suatainability” has become apopul ar word these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured apainful period of unsustainability in his own life made itclear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed though everyday action and choice.Ning recalls spending aconfusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance. He’d been though the dot-com boom and burst and,desperate for ajob,signed on with a Boulder agency.It didin’t go well. “It was a really had move because that’s not my passion,” says Ning, whose dilemma about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales. “I was miserable, I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. Everyone sai d, ‘Just wait, you’ll trun the corner, give it some time.’”Section Ⅲ Translation最近,“承受力”\坚持不懈”成了一个流行词,但对Ted Ning来说,他对其含义有自己亲身的体会。
11月翻译资格考题二级英语笔译实务试卷及答案
11月翻译资格考题二级英语笔译实务试卷及答案第一部分英译汉必译题This week and next, governments, international agencies and nongovernmental organizations are gathering in Mexico City at the World Water Forum to discuss the legacy of global Mulhollandism in water - and to chart a new course.They could hardly have chosen a better location. Water is being pumped out of the aquifer on which Mexico City stands at twice the rate of replenishment. The result: the city is subsiding at the rate of about half a meter every decade. You can see the consequences in the cracked cathedrals, the tilting Palace of Arts and the broken water and sewerage pipes.Every region of the world has its own variant of the water crisis story. The mining of groundwaters for irrigation has lowered the water table in parts of India and Pakistan by 30 meters in the past three decades. As water goes down, the cost of pumping goes up, undermining the livelihoods of poor farmers.What is driving the global water crisis? Physical availability is part of the problem. Unlike oil or coal, water is an infinitely renewable resource, but it is available in a finite quantity. With water use increasing at twice the rate of population growth, the amount available per person is shrinking - especially in some of the poorest countries.Challenging as physical scarcity may be in some countries, the real problems in water go deeper. The 20th-century model for water management was based on a simple idea: that water is an infinitely available free resource to be exploited, dammed or diverted without reference to scarcity or sustainability.Across the world, water-based ecological systems - rivers, lakes and watersheds - have been taken beyond the frontiers of ecological sustainability by policy makers who have turned a blind eye to the consequences of over- exploitation.We need a new model of water management for the 21st century. What does that mean? For starters, we have to stop using water like there"s no tomorrow - and that means using it more efficiently at levels that do not destroy our environment. The buzz- phrase at the Mexico Water forum is "integrated water resource management." What it means is that governments need to manage the private demand of different users and manage this precious resource in the public interest.参照译文:本周,世界水论坛在墨西哥城开幕,论坛将一直持续到下周。
人事部二级笔译真题
人事部二级笔译2009年5月真题(实务)E-C TranslationCompulsory Translation There was, last week, a glimmer of hope in the world food crisis. Expecting a bumper harvest, Ukraine relaxed restrictions on exports. Overnight, global wheat prices fell by 10 percent.By contrast, traders in Bangkok quote rice prices around $1,000 a ton, up from $460 two months ago.Such is the volatility of today‟s markets. We do not know how high food prices might go, nor how far they could fall. But one thing is certain: We have gone from an era of plenty to one of scarcity. Experts agree that food prices are not likely to return to the levels the world had grown accustomed to any time soon.Imagine the situation of those living on less than $1 a day - Imagine the situation of those living on less than $1 a day - the “bottom billion,” the poorest of the the “bottom billion,” the poorest of the w orld‟s poor. Most live in Africa, and many might typically spend two -thirds of their income on food. In Liberia last week, I heard how people have stopped purchasing imported rice by the bag. Instead, they increasingly buy it by the cup, because that‟s all Instead, they increasingly buy it by the cup, because that‟s all they can afford. they can afford.Traveling though West Africa, I found good reason for optimism. In Burkina Faso, I saw a government working to import drought resistant seeds and better manage scarce water supplies, helped by nations like Brazil. In Ivory Coast, we saw a women‟s cooperative running a chicken farm set up with UN funds. The project generated income - and food - for villagers in ways that can easily be replicated.Elsewhere, I saw yet another women‟s group slowly expanding their local agricultural production Elsewhere, I saw yet another women‟s group slowly expanding their local agricultural production, , with UN help. Soon they will replace World Food Program rice with their own home-grown produce, sufficient to cover the needs of their school feeding program.These are home-grown, grass-roots solutions for grass-roots problems - precisely the kind of solutions that Africa needs.Topic 1For a decade, metallurgists studying the hulk of the Titanic have argued that the storied ocean liner went down quickly after hitting an iceberg because the ship's builder used substandard rivets that popped their heads and let tons of icy seawater rush in. More than 1,500 people died.Now a team of scientists has moved into deeper waters, uncovering evidence in the builder ‟s own archives of a deadly mix of great ambition and use of low-quality iron that doomed the ship, which sank 96 years ago Tuesday.The scientists found that the ship's builder, Harland and Wolff, in Belfast, struggled for years to obtain adequate supplies of rivets and riveters to build the world's three biggest ships at once: the Titanic and two sisters, Olympic and Britannic.Each required three million rivets, and shortages peaked during Titanic ‟s construction."The board was in crisis mode," said Jennifer Hooper McCarty, a member of the team that studied the company the company‟‟s archive and other evidence. "It was constant stress. Every meeting it was, …There There‟‟s problems with the rivets, and we need to hire more people problems with the rivets, and we need to hire more people‟‟." The team collected other clues from 48 Titanic rivets, using modern tests, computer simulations, comparisons to century-old metals and careful documentation of what engineers and shipbuildersof the era considered state of the art. The scientists say the troubles began when the colossal plans forced Harland and Wolff to reach beyond its usual suppliers of rivet iron and include smaller forges, as disclosed in company and British government papers. Small forges tended to have less skill and experience.Adding to the threat, the company, in buying iron for Titanic ‟s rivets, ordered No. 3 bar, known as "best," not No. 4, known as "best-best," the scientists found. They also discovered that shipbuilders of the day typically used No. 4 iron for anchors, chains and rivets.So the liner, whose name was meant to be synonymous with opulence, in at least one instance relied on cheap materials.The scientists argue that better rivets would have probably kept the Titanic afloat long enough for rescuers to have arrived before the icy plunge, saving hundreds of lives.C-E Translation Compulsory Translation“中国制造”模式遭遇发展瓶颈,这种模式必须要改进和提高。
翻译资格考试二级笔译真题及答案
【导语】以下是整理了⼀篇翻译资格考试⼆级笔译真题及答案,希望对⼤家准备翻译资格考试⼆级笔译有所帮助。
【英译汉必译题】Milton Friedman, Free Markets Theorist, Dies at 94.Milton Friedman, the grandmaster of free-market economic theory in the postwar era and a prime force in the movement of nations toward less government and greater reliance on individual responsibility, died today in San Francisco, where he lived. He was 94.Conservative and liberal colleagues alike viewed Mr. Friedman, a Nobel prize laureate, as one of the 20th century’s leading economic scholars, on a par with giants like John Maynard Keynes and Paul Samuelson.Flying the flag of economic conservatism, Mr. Friedman led the postwar challenge to the hallowed theories of Lord Keynes, the British economist who maintained that governments had a duty to help capitalistic economies through periods of recession and to prevent boom times from exploding into high inflation.In Professor Friedman’s view, government had the opposite obligation: to keep its hands off the economy, to let the free market do its work.The only economic lever that Mr. Friedman would allow government to use was the one that controlled the supply of money — a monetarist view that had gone out of favor when he embraced it in the 1950s. He went on to record a signal achievement, predicting the unprecedented combination of rising unemployment and rising inflation that came to be called stagflation. His work earned him the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Science in 1976.Rarely, his colleagues said, did anyone have such impact on both his own profession and on government. Though he never served officially in the halls of power, he was always around them, as an adviser and theorist.“Among economic scholars, Milton Friedman had no peer,” Ben S. Bernanke, the Federal Reserve chairman, said today.“The direct and indirect influences of his thinking on contemporary monetary economics would be difficult to overstate.”Alan Greenspan, the former Federal Reserve chairman, said of Mr. Friedman in an interview on Tuesday. “From a longer-term point of view, it’s his academic achievements which will have lasting import. But I would not dismiss the profound impact he has already had on the American public’s view.”Mr. Friedman had a gift for communicating complicated ideas in simple and lucid ways, and it served him well as the author or co-author of more than a dozen books, as a columnist for Newsweek from 1966 to 1983 and even as the star of a public television series.【英译汉⼆选⼀】试题1Panama goes to polls on upgrade for canalPANAMA CITY: Voters were expected Sunday to approve the largest modernization project in the 92-year history of the Panama Canal, a $5.25 billion plan to expand the waterway to allow for larger ships while alleviating traffic problems.The government of President Martín Torrijos has billed the referendum as historic, saying the work would double the capacity of a canal already on pace to generate about $1.4 billion in revenue this year. Critics claim the expansion would benefit the canal's customers more than Panamanians, and worry that costs could balloon, forcing this debt- ridden country to borrow even more.The project would build a third set of locks on the Pacific and Atlantic ends of the canal by 2015, allowing it to handle modern container ships, cruise liners and tankers too large for its locks, which are 33 meters, or 108 feet, wide.The Panama Canal Authority, the autonomous government agency that runs the canal, says the project would be paid for by increasing tolls and would generate $6 billion in revenue by 2025.There is nothing Panamanians are more passionate about than the canal."It's incomparable in the hemisphere," said Samuel Lewis Navarro, the country's vice president and foreign secretary. "It's in our heart, part of our soul."Public opinion polls indicate that the plan would be approved overwhelmingly. Green and white signs throughout the country read "Yes for our children," while tens of thousands of billboards and bumper stickers trumpet new jobs."The canal needs you," television and radio ads implore."It will mean more boats, and that means more jobs," said Damasco Polanco, who was herding cows on horseback in Nuevo Provedencia, on the banks of Lake Gatún, an artificial reservoir that supplies water to the canal.The canal employs 8,000 workers and the expansion is expected to generate as many as 40,000 new jobs. Unemployment in Panama is 9.5 percent, and 40 percent of the country lives in poverty.But critics fear that the expansion could cost nearly double the government's estimate, as well as stoke corruption and uncontrolled debt."The poor continue to suffer while the rich get richer," said José Felix Castillo, 62, a high school teacher who was one of about 3,000 supporters who took to Panama City's streets to protest the measure on Friday.Lewis Navarro noted that a portion of the revenue generated by each ton of cargo that passes through the waterway goes to education and social programs."We aren't talking about 40 percent poverty as a consequence of the canal," he said. "It's exactly the opposite."【汉译英】【试题⼀】旅游是⼀项集观光、娱乐、健⾝为⼀体的愉快⽽美好的活动。
2005-2009人事部三级笔译真题
2006年5月三级笔译参考译文随着天气变暖,北极圈的冰层开始融化,海水涌上来开始侵蚀沿岸村落。
拜考夫斯凯村位于俄罗斯东北部沿海地区,居住着457个村民,这里的海岸线已经遭到破坏,海水正以每年15-18英尺的速度向内陆的房屋和采暖用油桶逼近。
“这里本来全都是冰,我们称之为永久冻土,但是现在已经开始融化了。
”对于居住在北极圈里的四百万人来说,气候变化给他们带来了新的机遇。
但是,这也威胁着他们赖以生存的环境和家园,而对于那些祖祖辈辈生活在冰雪荒原的人们来说,这还关乎他们能否保住自己的文化。
对北部地区的进一步开发随着北冰洋的融化加快了脚步,给当地人民带来了利益,也带来了危险。
在巴伦支海和卡拉海发现了广阔的油田,但人们担心先装满石油然后很快就是液化天燃气的轮船发生灾难事故,这些船将卷起海浪,穿过斯堪地那维亚半岛近海的捕鱼区,一直开往欧洲和北美州市场。
当越来越多的发电机、大烟囱和各种重型车辆进入这个地区帮助发展能源工业时,也会使这片处女地受到污染。
阿拉斯加州也存在着海岸侵蚀的问题,这迫使美国政府打算迁移数个因纽特人的村庄,每个村庄的预计搬迁费用高达一亿多美元。
在北极区,在极端冰冷环境里生存了几百年的本地部落注意到了气候和野生动物的变化,他们想去适应这种变化,但常常不知所措。
在挪威最北面的芬马克省,每到冬末,北极的大片土地一望无际,好像冰雪高原,万籁俱寂,偶尔只会听见几声驯鹿的鸣叫和摩托雪橇放牧驯鹿的轰鸣。
但是即使在那里,人们也感受到了北极的变化。
“驯鹿越来越不开心。
”31岁的养鹿人埃拉说道。
其实谈及保护环境和本土习俗,没有什么国家可以与挪威相提并论。
政府把开发石油获得的财富都用在了北极地区,萨米人的文化也因此得到了某种意义上的复兴。
但是无论有多少来自于政府的支持都无法让埃拉相信,他以鹿为生的日子将会和以往一样。
象德克萨斯州的养牛人,他对自己放养的驯鹿数量守口如瓶,但是他说,春秋两季气温上升,导致表层雪融化,天冷后结成冰,驯鹿就更难于刨食到地表的植物。
05年英语二级笔译真题及答案
05年英语二级笔译真题及答案05年二笔真题及答案2005年5月英语二级《笔译综合能力》试题1. No one appreciated his work during his lifetime, but ____ it is clear tha t he was a great artist.A. in the aftermathB. by the timeC. in retrospectD. in this eventuality2. Being both spoiled and lazy, he ____ everyone else for his lack of success.A. accusedB. chargedC. criticizedD. blamed3. Your usual teacher has lost his voice and ____ I am taking his place today.A. neverthelessB. howeverC. moreoverD. accordingly4. As always when she sang in the bathroom, she ____ the high notes in a sp ecialA. span outB. belted outC. spread outD. stretch out5. The prisoner ____ that he had assaulted a policeman.A. deniedB. rejectedC. contradictedD. refused6. Only hotel guests have the ____ of using the private beach.A. occasionB. possibilityC. privilegeD. allowance7. The jury gave a ____ of ―not guilty‖.A. sentenceB. judgementC. chargeD. verdict8. Wearing seat-belts when driving is now ____ by law.A. compulsiveB. forcibleC. compulsoryD. involuntary9. I‘ll just ____ an eye over these figures before you type them.A. tossB. castC. flingD. throw10. He was facing charges on forgery in a court of law but he hired a good attorney to ____.A. get offB. get throughC. get byD. get away11. The campers ____ their tent in a sheltered valley.A. establishedB. installedC. pitchedD. fixed12. A larger brain makes man ____ to animals.A. betterB. superiorC. excelledD. outstanding13. He was always finding ____ with his daughter‘s friends.A. blameB. errorC. mistakeD. fault14. It was too late to ____ of the contract.A. back outB. back downC. back upD. back away15. She had just ____ the shell of the hard-boiled egg and was starting to pee l it off.A. snappedB. crackedC. fracturedD. burst16. Children who are praised for their work are always ____ on.A. encouragedB. approvedC. inspiredD. spurred17. It is impossible for parents to ____ their children from every danger.A. protectB. relieveC. preserveD. conserve18. Even though the main source of ____ exposure for a majority of the hum an population is the sun, the artificial tanning from sun beds contributes significantly to the total UV risk.A. extra violentB. extra violetC. ultravioletD. ultravirus19. This is ____ work. It calls for a good eye and a steady hand.A. preciseB. precisionC. exactD. exactness20. I wouldn‘t trust such a ____ person.A. deceitfulB. deceptiveC. decisiveD. deceive21. As a conductor, Leonard Bernstein is famous for his intensely vigorous and exuberant style.A. extremeB. enthusiasticC. prosperousD. nervous22. On a Windows screen, there will roll down many more buttons when you hit the ―Tools‖ button.A. castB. casteC. cascadeD. cataract23. In Nathaniel Hawthorne‘s The Scarlet Letter, Reverend Dimmesdale succum bed to Hester‘s charms.A. appealed toB. conversed aboutC. cared nothing forD. yielded to24. So engrossed in his efforts would Gaugin become that he barely noticed the passing of time.A. delighted inB. frustrated byC. expanded byD. involved in25. One out of five bridges in the United States is outmoded.A. narrowB. obsoleteC. illegalD. concrete26. Several theories of evolution had historically preceded that of Charles Dar win, although he expounded upon the stages of development.A. found fault withB. explained in detailC. outlined brieflyD. offered in published form27. When Akiyama Toyohiro, Japan‘s first astronaut, completed his stint in spa ce, he came back down to earth with more than one worry.A. spellB. slingC. stingD. stink28. Since she did not have time to read the entire play before class, she read an outline of the plot instead.A. a synonymB. a symmetryC. a synopsisD. a symposium29. Tiny Tim, a character in A Christmas Carol, was a happy little boy in spi te of the disability that caused him a weakness in one leg.A. to limpB. to fallC. restD. suffer30. When a hurricane is about to occur, the National Weather Bureau issues a warning.A. adjacentB. giganticC. perilousD. imminent31. Rain abates in the fall throughout most of the Appalachian Mountain regio n.A. poursB. accumulatesC. lessensD. evaporates32. The thief was apprehended, but his accomplice had disappeared.A. people who saw himB. the person who helped himC. guns and knivesD. stolen goods33. Relaxation therapy teaches one not to fret over small problems.A. worry aboutB. get involved inC. get angry about C. look for34. Benjamin Franklin was remembered for his good judgement.A. vigilanceB. guiltyC. sagacityD. resolution35. Mark Anthony‘s eulogy of C aesar at his funeral is memorably recorded ina play by Shakespeare.A. prayerB. praiseC. biographyD. denunciation36. He had studied hard, he would have been able to pass the exam.A. He had studied harderB. If only he studied moreC. Had he studied harder C. When he studied more37. It was now clear that no such weapons were manufactured and none been found.A. was foundB. were foundedC. has been foundD. have been founded38. Whenever we hear of a natural disaster, we feel sympathetic to the people to be affected.A. to have affectedB. to have effectedC. who have been effectedD. who have been affected39. Our programs come second to theirs.A. come second afterB. are second only toC. are first except forD. are first place from40. Our holiday is doomed to failure without you.A. would doomB. would have been doomedC. had been doomedD. has had to be doomed41. I‘m rath er concerned how he will take in his school.A. take onB. take upC. take offD. take to42. You‘ve been so helpful! How can I make up to you?A. make it up to youB. make you upC. make up it for youD. make up you43. I don‘t doubt how the plan will be will received.A. thatB. whichC. ifD. whether44. Trial and error are the source of our knowledge.A. isB. wereC. hasD. have been45. Some people think more of animals than will of children.A. they haveB. they hadC. they areD. they do46. The belief is the legendary lost continent of Atlantis may someday be fou nd.A. It is believed thatB. It is believing thatC. The belief thatD. That belief is47. Because excessively hunting has depleted many wildlife species, game pres erves are being established.A. excessive huntingB. hunting excessivelyC. The belief thatD. they hunted excessively48. Few pleasures can equal such of a cool drink on a hot day.A. thisB. all thisC. thatD. all that49. American Indian languages, which differ widely, tended to group many uni ts of meaning into multisyllabic words.A. all tendB. and tendC. to tendD. tending50. We are not conscious of the extent of which work provides the psychologi cal satisfaction that can make the difference between a full and empty life. A. to which B. in which C. at which D. by whichSection 2: Reading Comprehension (50 points)Questions 51 —55 are based on the following passage.Congress makes the laws in the United States. It has two parts, which ar e more or less equal in power. They are known as the House of Representativ es and the Senate. The House of Representatives is larger than the Senate who se 100 members (two from each state) serve for six years. The 435 members of the House are elected every two years, and the number from each state is determined by the population of the state. For example, California, which has a large population, has 43 representatives, while the State of Nevada has only one.The House and Senate are divided into small groups which take care of special matters such as education or foreign affairs. The most important work of Congress is often done in these groups, which are called subcommittees.According to the Constitution of the United States, a senator must be at l east 30 years old and he must have been a citizen of the United States for ni ne years at the time of his election. To be elected to the House a person mus t be 25 years old and must have been a United States citizen for seven years. At the present time, members of Congress include businessmen, farmers, teach ers, and especially lawyers. In general, senators are better known than represen tatives because they are fewer in number and serve for a longer time. Many American presidents served in Congress before they because president.51. In the U.S. Congress, the House of Representatives and the Senate are ___ _.A. not equal. The House is more powerfulB. almost equal in powerC. not equal. The Senate is far more powerfulD. different. The House is more important52. The members of the Senate are elected for ____ years.A. twoB. threeC. fourD. six53. The number of the members in the House from each state ____.A. is fixed, two from each stateB. depends on how many people the state hasC. depends on the size of the stateD. depends on the location of the state54. To be elected to the Senate a person must ____.A. be at least 25 years oldB. be at least 30 years oldC. have been a citizen for seven yearsD. be a lawyer55. Which of the following is true?A. A representative serves for two years.B. To become a senator is easier than to become a representative.C. A senator performs his duties for a shorter time than a representativeD. All presidents were representatives and then senators before becoming presid ent of the United States.Questions 56 —60 are based on the following passage.Air France SA said Monday that its second-quarter net profit fell 35 percent t o ?57 million ($57.4 million), but sales were steady and operating profit surge d.Earning before interest and tax, a measure of operating income, gained 86 perc ent to ?141 million as fuel costs fell costs fell and cargo traffic rose.Air France has been hurt less than rivals such as British Airways PLC and Lufthansa AG by the slowdown on North Atlantic routes following the war o n Iraq in 2003 because it has fewer flights in that market.Net income fell as the airline paid deferred taxes that came due. Sales rose 0.9 percent to ?3.2 billion. The carrier lost about ?80 million in revenue because of a four-day strike by pilots in September. An accord was reached tying fut ure pay increases to inflation. Thecarrier said that first-half fuel costs fell 15 percent to ?680 million. Cargo traffic rose 11 percent in the second quarter, w hile passenger traffic rose 1.1 percent. The airline‘s shares gained 87 cents, or 7.7 percent, to close at ?12.11.Separately, Air France and Alitalia SpA agreed to buy 2 percent stakes in each other as Europe‘s second-and sixth-largest airlines deepen their partnership.56. ―?‖in ―?57 million‖ and―?141 million‖ probably stands for ____.A. EnglishB. the euroC. EuropeanD. European Currency Unit57. Which of the following is not a cause for Air France‘s earnings to rise be fore interest and tax?A. The drop in fuel cost.B. The rise in cargo traffic.C. The rise in passenger traffic.D. Its partnership with Alitalia SpA.58. Which of the following is not a trouble confronting Air France?A. Deferred taxes being due.B. The shrinking French market.C. A four-day strike by pilots in September.D. The war on Iraq.59. Why did Air France‘s net income fall despite rising sales?A. Because it had to pay deferred taxes that came due.B. Because the French market was shrinking.C. Because of a four-day strike by pilots in September.D. Because the Iraqi war had reduced Atlantic flights.60. ―The carrier lost about ?80 million in revenue because ofa four-day strike by pilots in September‖. What does ―the carrier‖ refer to here?A. British Airways PLC.B. Lufthansa AG.C. Air France SA.D. Alitalia SpA.Questions 61 —65 are based on the following passage.A. total of 4.6 million digital televisions have been sold, and the salesof HDTV sets have quadrupled since last year. Consumers have bought HDTV s to play their DVDs and to have clearer pictures and wide screens. Only a s mall percentage of the people who have purchased HDTVs, however, have act ually hooked their TVs up to receive high-definition television digital signals. Perhaps television viewers are having trouble keeping up with the changes in t echnology. Even the manufacturers of HDTVs, like Mitsubishi, Thomson Multi media, Sony, and Samsung seem to have a tough time learning how to make t heir sets work with the various digital TV formats because little standardization has been required or implemented in the industry.Some of the HDTVs weight over 200lbs., and a variety of retailers offer a delivery service to the buyer‘s home to help install the heavy sets. This is kno wn as a white-glove service and usually comes with an extra fee. After HDTV purchasers get their sets home and hook them up, they will still need to wor k to get the digital signals to their systems. Most of the industry‘s cable provi ders do not yet offer high-definition programming, and only about 15% of co mmercial television stations have switchedover to even the lowest improved di gital pictures. Worse yet, viewers may need to install antenna before they can even get the digital signals to their new HDTV sets. Another frustration for ho me-theater seekers is that the current HDTV sets allow owners only to watch high-definition programs, not to record them.61. According to the first sentence, the sales of HDTV sets since last year, by the time when this article was written, had reached ______.A. 4.6 millionB. 9.2 millionC. 18.4 millionD. I do not know many62. ―Hook up‖ as in ―hooked their TVs up‖ underlined in Paragraph 1 most p robably means to ____.A. have a hood over the TVB. be connected toC. relate oneself toD. keep contact with63. A majority of HDTV consumers could not enjoy high-quality digital pictur es because ____.A. they did not tune in to the right channelB. they did not install the systemC. the market retailers created the confusion on purposeD. the manufacturers did not have a uniform standard for their sets64. According to the passage, which of the following offers most of the HDT V programmes so far?A. Retailer delivery services.B. Cable providers.C. Commercial television stationsD. HDTV set manufacturers.65. On the whole, this passage is positioned to dwell on ____.A. the overall picture of the HDTV sectorB. how the giant TV market should offer better productsC. a lament over consumer‘s inability to use a high-end TV setD. a criticism of the TV markets for doing nothing about a big problemQuestion 66 —70 are based on the following passage.The idea of test-tube babies may make you either delighted at the wonders of modern medicine or irritated while considering the moral, or technological impl ic ations of starting life in a laboratory. But if you‘ve ever been pregnant yours elf, one thing is certain: You wonder what it‘s like to carry a test-tube baby. Are these pregnancies normal? Are the babies normal?The earliest answer come from Australia, where a group of medical experts at the Queen Victoria Medical Center in Melbourne have taken a look at the co ntinent‘s first nine successful invitro pregnancies. The Australians report that th e pregnancies themselves seemed to have proceeded according to plan, but at birth some unusual trends did show up. Seven of the nine babies turned out to be girls. Six of the nine were delivered by Caesarean section. And one baby, a twin, was born with a serious heart defect and a few days later developed life-threatening problems.What does it all mean? Even t he doctors don‘t know for sure, because the nu mbers are so small. The proportion of girls to boys is high, but until there are many more test-tube babies no one will know whether that‘s something that j ust happened to be like that or something special that happens when egg meets sperm in a test tube instead of a fallopian tube. The same thing is true of t he single heart defect. It usually shows up in only 15 out of 60,000 births in that part of Australia, but the fact that it occurred in one out of nine test-tube babies does not necessarily mean that they are at special risk. One thing the doctors can explain is the high number of Caesareans. Most of the mothers we re older, had long histories of fertility problems and in some cases had had su rgery on the fallopian tubes, all of which made them likely candidates for Cae sareans anyway.The Australian researchers report that they are quite encouraged. All the babies are now making normal progress, even the twin with the birth defects.66. What concern will the test-tube baby raise according to the passage?A. Whether the pregnancies of test-tube babies would be normal.B. Whether the test-tube babies would be encouraged.C. Why the proportion of defected babies is so high.D. Why the number of Caesareans is so high.67. What does the word ―invitro‖ underlined in Paragraph 2 most probably me an?A. Normal.B. Test-tube.C. Built-in.D. Formal68. Which of the following statements about the experiment mentioned in the passage is true?A. Only the twins are defected.B. Most of the babies are delivered by means of Caesarean.C. There are some troubles during all mothers‘ pregnancies.D. One baby appears to be abnormal.69. Which of the following explanations regarding the high number of Caesare an operations is NOT true?A. Some mothers have passed the best age for a natural delivery.B. Some mothers have fertility problems.C. Some mothers favor the operations of this type.D. Some mothers have had surgical operations on their fallopian tubes.70. What is the a uthor‘s tone in this passage?A. Depressed.B. OptimisticC. Opposing.D. NegativeQuestions 71 —80 are based on the following passage.The ocean bottom —a region nearly 2.5 times greater than the total land area of the Earth —is a vast frontier that even today is largely unexplored and u ncharted. Until about a century ago, the deep-ocean floor was completely inacc essible, hidden beneath waters averaging over 3,600 meters deep. Totally witho ut light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times gr eater than at th e Earth‘s surface, the deep-ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans, i n some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space.Although researchers have taken samples of deep-ocean rocks and sediments fo r over a century, the first detailed global investigation of the ocean bottom did not actually start until 1968, with the beginning of the National Science Foun dation‘s Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP). U sing techniques first developed fo r the offshore oil and gas indust ry, the DSDP‘s drillship, the Glomar Challen ger, was able to maintain a steady position on the ocean‘s surface and drill in very deep waters, extracting samples of sediments and rock from the ocean fl oor.The Glomar Challenger completed 96 voyages in a 15-year research program t hat ended in November 1983. During this time, the vessel logged 600,000 kilo meters and took almost 20,000 core samples of seabed sediments and rocks at 624 drilling sites around the world. The Glomar Challenger‘s core samples ha ve allowed geologists to reconstruct what the planet looked like hundreds of m illions of years ago and to calculate what it will probably look like millions of years in the future. Today, largely on the strength of evidence gathered during the Glomar C hallenger‘s voyages, nearly all earth scientists agree on the theories of plate tectonics and continental drift that explain many of the geologica l processes that sharp the Earth.The cores of sediment drilled by the Glomar Challenger have also yielded i nfo rmation critical to understanding the world‘s past climates. Deep –ocean sedime nts provide a climatic record stretching back hundreds of millions of years, be cause they are largely isolated from the mechanical erosion and the intense che mical and biological activity that rapidly destroy much land-based evidence of past climates. This record has already provided insights into the patterns and c auses of past climatic change —information that may be used to predict future climates.71. The author refe rs to the ocean bottom as a ―frontier‖ in Paragraph 1 b ecause it ____.A. is not a popular area for scientific researchB. contains a wide variety of life formsC. attracts courageous explorersD. is an unknown territory72. The word ―inaccessible‖ underl ined in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ____.A. unrecognizableB. unreachableC. unusableD. unsafe73. The author mentions ―outer space‖ underlined in Paragraph 1 because ____.A. the Earth‘s climate million of years ago was similar to conditions in outer s paceB. it is similar to the ocean floor in being alien to the human environmentC. rock formations in outer space are similar to those found on the ocean floorD. techniques used by scientists to explore outer space were similar to those us ed in ocean exploration74. Which of the following is true of the Glomar Challenger?A. It is a type of submarine.B. It is an ongoing project.C. It has gone on over 100 voyages.D. It made its first DSDP voyage in 1968.75. The word ―extracting‖ underlined in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ____.A. breakingB. locatingC. removingD. analyzing76. The Deep Sea Drilling Project was significant because it was ____.A. an attempt to find new sources of oil and gasB. the first extensive exploration of the ocean bottomC. composed of geologists from all over the worldD. funded entirely by the gas and oil industry77. The word ―strength‖ underlined in Paragraph 3 is closest in mea ning to __ __.A. basisB. purposeC. discoveryD. endurance78. The word ―they‖ underlined in Paragraph 4 refers to ____.A. yearsB. climatesC. sedimentsD. cores79. Deep-ocean sediments provide better information about the world‘s past cli mate because they ____.A. are well protectedB. have land-based evidenceC. are in isolationD. have a longer history80. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as being a resul t of the Deep Sea Drilling Project?A. Geologists were able to determine the Earth‘s appearance hundreds of millio ns of years ago.B. Two geological theories because more widely accepted.C. Information was revealed about the Earth‘s past clim atic changes.D. Geologists observed forms of marine life never before seen.Questions 81 —90 are based on the following passage.At the beginning of the twentieth century, North American society held, as an ideal, the Nuclear Family. This presumably perfect residential, social, and econ omic unit consisted of an adult male, an adult female and their minor children. This structure was thought to be stable and long lasting.However, a few decades later, the structure of that ideal family was being alte red radically even while it was being touted as the structure to be aimed for. Popular magazines bemoaned the loss of the Nuclear Family and its replaceme nt with inferior forms.There are a number of factors that are acting in concert to apply pressure on t he Nuclear Family and generate a variety of new structures. Some of these are: The definition of marriage has changed somewhat in that few people now cons ider it to last ―until death do us part.‖ The concept of monogamy (the marriag e of one man and one woman) has been modified to a form now referred to as serial monogamy (the marriage of one man and one woman at a time). Thi s reflects the increasing equality of women and men in terms of economic adv antage and the recognition that many women no longer depend on men for the ir survival. Women are acquiring independence and have become empowered t o make their own choices. With this independence, the need to from a relation ship with a man becomes less important. This change embodies the concept th at the marriage is temporary and can be terminated by eirther partner at any ti me. Associated with this, of course, is the relaxation of the divorce laws and t he significant reduction of theshame that had one time been attached to divor ce.The economy of North America has resulted in a two-tier system of a few ric h who control most of the resources and a large portion of the population wh o control almost none of the resources. Because of this, many couples are forc ed to have both partners with full-time jobs outside the home. There are unint ended byproducts of the need for a double income. The most important of the se is the replacement of a mother-oriented soci alization of children to a ―strang er-oriented‖ socialization system reflected in the growth of the children industry.Also, either partner is financially able to end the marriage without significant hardship.The combination of these changes will in the coming decades have a profound effect on the structure of the family of North America. As a result, the famil y will be a fluid, constantly changing structure with variable household arrange ments as the norm.81. In the 1910s most North Americans believed that the Nuclear Family _ ___.A. wouldn‘t last longB. was the normal family structureC. had no social and economic basisD. was unworthy82. What happened to the Nuclear Family in the middle of the twentieth centu ry?A. It changed greatly.B. It was criticized.C. It remained a normal structure.D. It was lost.83. In the middle of the twentieth century, people in NorthAmerica ____.A. were tired of the Nuclear FamilyB. wanted to give up the Nuclear FamilyC. believed that the Nuclear Family was hopefulD. were indifferent to the Nuclear Family84. What has changed the Nuclear Family in North America?A. People have changed their ideas about marriage.B. Women become more independent.C. The economy is changing.D. All of the above factors are acting together.85. What is the major factor that has raised the divorce rate in North America?A. The increasing equality of women.B. Relaxation of the divorce laws.C. The significant reduction of the shame on divorce.D. Men having more chances to know women.86. In Paragraph 4, ―until death do us part‖ probably means remaining married ____.A. until deathB. to the particular person until deathC. to one person at a timeD. until one leaves87. In Paragraph 5, ―two-tier system‖ means some ____.A. men have many wives while others have noneB. people are very rich while others are very poorC. people have too much work to do while others have nothing to doD. people control others88. Many wives work outside their home because they ____.A. want to be independentB. don‘t want to stay at homeC. don‘t have to take care of their childrenD. want to make money for their home89. ― ?Stranger-oriented‘ socialization system ‖ in Paragraph 5 probably means ____.A. strangers come home to take care of childrenB. neighbors don‘t know each otherC. mothers work outside their home and become strange to their childrenD. children become strange to their parents90. The author‘s purpose is to ____.A. give the facts of marriage in North AmericaB. explain the reason why the divorce rate is high in North AmericaC. introduce why both husband and wife have to work outside their homeD. give a picture of family structural change in North AmericaQuestions 91 —100 are based on the following passage.Seeking to build support among black families for its education reform law, th e Bush administration paid a prominent black pundit $240,000 to promote the law on his nationally syndicated television show and to urge other black journ alists to do the same.The campaign, part of an effort to promote No Child Left Behind (NCLB), re quired commentator Armstrong Williams ―to regularly comment on NCLB duri ng the course of his broadcasts,‖ and to interview Education Secretary Rod Pai ge for TV and radio spots that were aired during the show in 2004. Williams said Thursday he understands that critics could find the arrangement unethical, but ―I wanted to do it because it‘s。
CATTI笔译综合能力二级翻译真题2006-2012
2006年5月【英译汉必译题】For all the natural and man-made disasters of the past year, travelers seem more determined than ever to leave home.Never mind the tsunami devastation in Asia last December, the recent earthquake in Kashmir or the suicide bombings this year in London and Bali, among other places on or off the tourist trail. The number of leisure travelers visiting tourist destinations hit by trouble has in some cases bounced back to a level higher than before disaster struck."This new fast recovery of tourism we are observing is kind of strange," said John Koldowski, director for the Strategic Intelligence Center of the Bangkok-based Pacific Asia Travel Association. "It makes you think about the adage that any publicity is good publicity."It is still too soon to compile year-on-year statistics for the disasters of the past 12 months, but travel industry experts say that the broad trends are already clear. Leisure travel is expected to increase by nearly 5 percent this year, according to the World Tourism and Travel Council.Tourism and travel now seem to bounce back faster and higher each time there is an event of this sort," said Ufi Ibrahim, vice president of the London-based World Tourism and Travel Council. For London, where suicide bombers killed 56 and wounded 700 on July 8, she said, "It was almost as if people who stayed away after the bomb attack then decided to come back twice."Early indicators show that the same holds true for other disaster-struck destinations. Statistics compiled by the Pacific Asia Travel Association, for example, show that monthly visitor arrivals in Sri Lanka, where the Dec. 26, 2004, tsunami left more than 30,000 people dead or missing, were higher than one year earlier for every month from March through August of this year.A case commonly cited by travel professionals as an early example of the trend is Bali, where 202 people were killed in bombings targeting Western tourists in October 2002. Visitor arrivals plunged to 993,000 for the year after the bombing, but bounced back to 1.46 million in 2004, a level higher than the two years before the bomb, according to the Pacific Asia Travel Association.Even among Australians, who suffered the worst casualties in the Bali bombings, the number of Bali-bound visitors bounced back within two years to the highest level since 1998, according the Pacific Asia Travel Association.Bali was hit again this year by suicide bombers who killed 19 people in explosions at three restaurants.Visits are also on the upswing to post-tsunami Thailand, where the giant waves killed 5,400 and left more than5,000 missing.Although the tsunami killed more than 500 Swedes on the Thai resort island of Phuket, the largest number of any foreign nationality to die, Swedes are returning to the island in larger numbers than last year, according to My Travel Sweden, a Stockholm-based group that sends 600,000 tourists overseas annually and claims a 28 percent market share for Sweden."We were confident that Thailand would eventually bounce back as a destination, but we didn"t think that this year it would come back even stronger than last year," said Joakim Eriksson, director of communication for My Travel Sweden. "We were very surprised because we really expected a significant decline."Eriksson said My Travel now expects a 5 percent increase in visitors to both Thailand and Sri Lanka this season compared with the same season last year. This behavior is a sharp change from the patterns of the 1990s, Eriksson said."During the first Gulf war we saw a sharp drop in travel as a whole, and the same after Sept. 11," Eriksson said. "Now the main impact of terrorism or disasters is a change in destination."【参考译文】尽管去年发生了许多自然灾害和人为的灾害,但是旅游者比以往更加坚决地出门旅行。
人事部翻译资格证书(CATTI)2005年5月英语二级《笔译实务》试题及参考答案
人事部翻译资格证书(CATTI)2005年5月英语二级《笔译实务》试题及参考答案Section 1: English-Chinese Translation(英译汉)(60 point)This section consists of two parts: Part A "Compulsory Translation" and Part B "Optional Translations" which comprises "Topic 1" and "Topic 2". Translate the passage in Part A and your choice from passage in Part B into Chinese. Write "Compulsory Translation" above your translation of Part A and write "Topic 1" or "Topic 2" above your translation of the passage from Part B. The time for this section is 100 minutes.Part A Compulsory Translation (必译题)(30 points)It was one of those days that the peasant fishermen on this tributary of the Amazon River dream about.With water levels falling rapidly at the peak of the dry season, a giant school of bass, a tasty fish that fetches a good price at markets, was swimming right into the nets being cast from a dozen small canoes here."With a bit of luck, you can make $350 on a day like this," Lauro Souza Almeida, a leader of the local fishermen's cooperative, exulted as he moved into position. "That is a fortune for people like us," he said, the equivalent of four months at the minimum wage earned by those fortunate enough to find work.But hovering nearby was a large commercial fishing vessel, a "mother boat" equipped with large ice chests for storage and hauling more than a dozen smaller craft. The crew on board was just waiting for the remainder of the fish to move into the river's main channel, where they intended to scoop up as many as they could with their efficient gill nets.A symbol of abundance to the rest of the world, the Amazon is experiencing a crisis of overfishing. As stocks of the most popular species diminish to worrisome levels, tensions are growing between subsistence fishermen and their commercial rivals, who are eager to enrich their bottom line and satisfy the growing appetite for fish of city-dwellers in Brazil and abroad.In response, peasants up and down the Amazon, here in Brazil and in neighboring countries like Peru, are forming cooperatives to control fish catches and restock their rivers and lakes. But that effort, increasingly successful, has only encouraged the commercial fishing operations, as well as some of the peasants' less disciplined neighbors, to step up their depredations."The industrial fishing boats, the big 20- to 30-ton vessels, they have a different mentality than us artisanal fishermen, who have learned to take the protection of the environment into account," said the president of the local fishermen's union. "They want to sweep everything up with their dragnets and then move on, benefiting from our work and sacrifice and leaving us with nothing."Part B Optional Translations (二选一题) (30 points)Topic 1 (选题一)Ever since the economist David Ricardo offered the basic theory in 1817, economic scripture has taught that open trade-free of tariffs, quotas, subsidies or other government distortions-improves the well-being of both parties. U.S. policy has implemented this doctrine with a vengeance. Why is free trade said to be universally beneficial? The answer is a doctrine called "comparative advantage".Here's a simple analogy. If a surgeon is highly skilled both at doing operations and performing routine blood tests, it's more efficient for the surgeon to concentrate on the surgery and pay a less efficient technician to do the tests, since that allows the surgeon to make the most efficient use of her own time.By extension, even if the United States is efficient both at inventing advanced biotechnologies and at the routine manufacture of medicines, it makes sense for the United States to let the production work migrate to countries that can make the stuff more cheaply. Americans get the benefit of the cheaper products and get to spend their resources on even more valuable pursuits, That, anyway, has always been the premise. But here Samuelson dissents. What if the lower wage country also captures the advanced industry?If enough higher-paying jobs are lost by American workers to outsourcing, he calculates, then the gain from the cheaper prices may not compensate for the loss in U.S. purchasing power."Free trade is not always a win-win situation," Samuelson concludes. It is particularly a problem, he says, in a world where large countries with far lower wages, like India and China, are increasingly able to make almost any product or offer almost any service performed in the United States.If America trades freely with them, then the powerful drag of their far lower will begin dragging down U.S. average wages. The U.S. economy may still grow, he calculates, but at a lower rate than it otherwise would have.Topic 2 (选题二)Uganda's eagerness for genuine development is reflected in its schoolchildren's smiles and in the fact that so many children are now going to school. Since 1997, when the government began to provide universal primary education, total primary enrollment had risen from 3 million to 7.6 million in 2004. Schools have opened where none existed before, although there is some way to go in reaching the poorest areas of the country.Uganda has also made strides in secondary and higher education, to the point that it is attracting many students from other countries. At the secondary level, enrollment is above 700,000, with the private sector providing the majority if schools. For those who want to take their education further, there are 12 private universities in addition to the four publicly funded institutions, together providing 75,000 places.Education is seen as a vital component in the fight against poverty. The battle for better health isanother, although it is one that will take longer to win in a country that carries a high burden of disease, including malaria and AIDS. Here, the solutions can only arise from a combination of international support and government determination to continue spending public money on preventive care and better public health information.Current government plants include recruiting thousands of nurses, increasing the availability of drugs and building 200 new maternity units.Uganda's high rate of population growth, at 3.6 percent per annum, poses a special challenge in the fight against poverty, says Finance Minister Gerald Ssendaula, who points out that the fertility rate, at 6.9 children per female, is the highest in Africa.The government's newly revised Poverty Eradication Action Plan (PEAP) puts the "restoration of security" at the top of the current government agenda. This is because it estimates that Uganda has lost 3 percent of its gross domestic product each year that the conflict has persisted. Displaced people are not only a financial burden, they are unable to the economy.The other core challenges identified by the revised PEAP are finding ways to keep the lowest income growing, improving the quality of education, giving people more control over the size of their families and using public resources transparently and efficiently. It is a document that other poor countries could learn from.Section 2: Chinese- English Translation(汉译英)(40 point)This section consists of two parts: Part A "Compulsory Translation" and Part B "Optional Translations" which comprises "Topic 1" and "Topic 2".Translation the passage in Part A and your choice from passage in Part B into English. Write "Compulsory Translation" above your translation of Part A and write "Topic 1" or "Topic 2" above your translation of the passage from Part B. The time for this section is 80 minutes.Part A Compulsory Translation (必译题)(20 points)矿产资源是自然资源的重要组成部分,是人类社会发展的重要物质基础。
2005年11月翻译资格英语高级口译实务真题及答案
2005年11月翻译资格英语高级口译实务真题及答案试卷一Part ADirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. After you have heard each paragraph, interpret in into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal… and stop it at the signal… you may take notes while you are listening. Remember you will hear the passages only once. Now let’s begin Part A with the first passage.Passage 1:Holiday resorts usually attract tourists because of their sunny beaches, snow-covered ski slopes, or championship golf courses. At the ski resorts, it is often an atmosphere of informality around a roaring fire after the day’s skiing is finished. At a more cosmopolitan resort like a Miami Beach, it may be nightclubs and stage shows. Many of the resorts give instruction in scuba diving combined with visits to underwater scenes.A cruise ship, such as the well-know Titanic, is a floating hotel where passengers canvisit a number of well-chosen international ports and meanwhile enjoy a party atmosphere throughout the voyage. Games, dancing, costume parties, and whatever other activities are devised within a rather limited space. Big-name entertainers are often hired for the entire trip. Most cruise ships employ social director whose job includes involving all of the passengers in the activities that are offered.(参考答案)度假胜地因其阳光充足的海滩、白雪覆盖的滑雪坡地以及一流的高尔夫球场而吸引着游客。
2003-2005翻译资格考试二级笔译实务真题及答案详解
2003年12月英语二级《笔译实务》试题Section 1: English – Chinese Translation (英译汉)This section consists of two parts, Part A —“Compulsory Translation” and Part B —“Choice of Two Translations”consisting of two sections “Topic I”and “Topic 2”. For the passage in Part A and your choice of passage in Part B, translate the underlined portions, including titles, into Chinese. Above your translation of Part A, write “Compulsory Translation” and above your translation from Part B, write “Topic I” or “Topic 2” (60 points, 100 minutes)Part A Compulsory Translation (必译题) (30 points)Nowhere to GoFor the latest on the pursuit of the American Dream in Silicon Valley, all you have to do is to talk to someone like “Nagaraj” (who didn‟t want to reveal his real name). He‟s an Indian immigrant who, like many other Indian engineers, came to America recently on an H-1B visa, which allows skilled workers to be employed by one company for as many as six years. But one morning last month, Nagaraj and a half dozen other Indian workers with H-1Bs were called into a conference room in their San Francisco technology-consulting firm and told they were being laid off. The reason: weakening economic conditions in Silicon Valley, “It was the shock of my lifetime,” says Nagaraj.This is not a normal bear-market sob story. According to federal regulation, Nagaraj and his colleagues have two choices. They must either return to India, or find another job in a tight labor market and hope that the Immigration and Naturalization Services (INS) allow them to transfer their visa to the new company. And the law doesn‟t allow them to earn a pay-check until all the paperwork winds its way through the INS bureaucracy. “How am I going to survive without any job and without any income?”Nagaraj wonders.Until recently, H-1B visas were championed by Silicon Valley companies as the solution to the region‟s shortage of programmers and engineers. First issued by the INS in 1992, they attract skilled workers from other countries, many of whom bring families with them, lay down roots and apply for the more permanent green cards. Through February 2000, more than 81,000 worker held such visas — but with the dot-com crash, many have been getting laid off. That‟s causing mass consternation in U.S. immigrant communities. The INS considers a worker “out of status”when he loses a job, which technically means that he must pack up and go home. But because of the scope of this year‟s layoffs, the U.S. government has recently backpedaled, issuing a confusing series of statements that suggest workers might be able to stay if they qualify for some exceptions and can find a new company to sponsor their visa. But even those loopholes remain nebulous. The result is thousands of immigrants now face dimming career prospects in America, and the possibilities that they will be sent home. “They are in limbo. It is the greatest form of torture,” says Amar Veda of the Silicon Valley-based Immigrants Support Network.The crisis looks especially bad in light of all the heated visa rhetoric by Silicon Valley companies in the past few years. Last fall the industry won a big victory by getting Congress to approve an increase in the annual number of H-1B visas. Now, with technology firms retrenching, demand for such workers is slowing. Valley heavyweights like Intel, Cisco and Hewlett-Packard have all announced thousands of layoffs this year, which include many H-1B workers. The INS reported last month that only 16,000 new H-1B workers came to the United States in February — down from 32,000 in February of last year.Last month, acknowledging the scope of the problem, the INS told H-1B holders “not to panic,” and that there would be a grace period for laid-off workers before they had to leave the United States. INS spokeswomen Eyleen Schmidt promises that more specific guidance will come this month. “We areaware of the cutbacks,” she says. “We‟re trying to be as generous as we can be within the confines of the existing law.”Part B Choice of Two Translations (二选一题) (30 points)Topic 1 (选题一)What Is the Force of Gravity?If you throw a ball up, it will come down again. What makes it come down? The ball comes down because it is pulled or attracted towards the Earth. The Earth exerts a force of attraction on all objects. Objects that are nearer to the Earth are attracted to it with a greater force than those that are further away. This force of attraction is known as the force of gravity. The gravitational force acting on an object at the Earth‟s surface is called the weight of the object.All the heavenly bodies in space like the moon, the planets and the stars also exert an attractive force on objects. The bigger and heavier a body is, the greater is its force of gravity. Thus, since the moon is a smaller body than Earth, the force it exerts on an object at its surface is less than that exerted by the Earth on the same object on the Earth‟s surface. In fact, the moon‟s gravitational force is only one-sixth that of the Earth. This means that an object weighing 120 kilograms on Earth will only weigh 20 kilograms on the moon. Therefore on the moon you could lift weights which are six times heavier than the heaviest weight that you can lift on Earth.The Earth‟s gravitational force or pull keeps us and everything else on Earth from floating away to space. To get out into space and travel to the moon or other planets we have to overcome the Earth‟s gravitational pull.Entry into SpaceHow can we overcome the Earth‟s gravitational pull? Scientists have been working on this for a long time. It is only recently that they have been able to build machines powerful enough to get out of the Earth‟s gravitational pull. Such machines are called space rockets. Their great speed and power help them to escape from the Earth‟s gravitational pull and go into space.RocketsThe powerful space rocket works along the same lines as a simple firework rocket. The firework rocket has a cylindrical body and a conical head. The body is packed with gunpowder which is the fuel. It is a mixture of chemicals that will burn rapidly to form hot gases.At the base or foot of the rocket there is an opening or nozzle. A fuse hangs out like a tail from the nozzle. A long stick attached along the body serves to direct the rocket before the fuse is lighted.When the gunpowder burns, hot gases rush out of the nozzle. The hot gases continue to rush out as long as the gunpowder burns. When these gases shoot downwards through the nozzle the rocket is pushed upwards. This is called jet propulsion. The simple experiment, shown in the picture, will help you to understand jet propulsion.Topic 2 (选题二)Basketball DiplomacyCHINA”S TALLEST SOLDIER never really expected to live the American Dream. But Wang Zhizhi, a 7-foot-1 basketball star from the People‟s Liberation Army, is making history as the first Chinese player in the NBA. In his first three weeks in America the 23-year-old rookie has already cashed his first big NBA check, preside over “Wang Zhizhi Day” in San Francisco and become immortalized on his very own trading cards. He‟s even played in five games with his new team, the Dallas Mavericks, scoring 24 points in just 38 minutes. Now the affable Lieutenant Wang is joining the Mavericks on their ride into the NBA playoffs — and he is intent on enjoying every minute. One recent evening Wang slipped into the hot tub behind the house of Mavericks assistant coach Donn Nelson. He leaned back, stretched out and pointedat a plane moving across the star-filled sky. In broken English, he started singing his favorite tune: “I believe I can fly. I believe I can touch the sky.”Back in China, the nation‟s other basketball phenom, Yao Ming , can only dream of taking flight. Yao thought he was going to be the first Chinese player in the NBA. The 7-foot-5 Shanghai sensation is more highly touted than Wang: the 20-year-old could be the No.1 overall pick in the June NBA draft. But as the May 13 deadline to enter the draft draws near, Yao is still waiting for a horde of business people and apparatchiks to decide his fate. Last week, as Wang scored 13 points in the Dallas season finale, Yao was wading through a stream of bicycles on a dusty Beijing street.Yao and Wang are more than just freaks of nature in basketball shorts. The twin towers are national treasures, symbols of China‟s growing stature in the world. They‟re also emblematic of the NBA‟s outsize dreams for conquering China. The NBA, struggling at home, sees salvation in the land of 1.3 billion potential hoop fans. China, determined to win the 2008 Olympics and join the World Trade Organization, is eager to make its mark on the world — on its own terms. The two-year struggle to get these young players into the NBA has been a cultural collision — this one far removed from U.S.-China bickering over spy planes and trade liberalization. If it works out, it could be — in basketball parlance — the ultimate give-and-go. “This is just like Ping-Pong diplomacy,” says Xia Song, a sport-marketing executive who represents Wang. “Only with a much bigger ball.”Two years ago it looked more like a ball and chain. Wang‟s Army bosses were miffed when the Mavericks had the nerve to draft their star back in 1999. Nelson remembers flying to Beijing with the then owner Ross Perot Jr. — son of the eccentric billionaire — to hammer out a deal with the stone-faced communists of the PLA. “You could hear them thinking: …What is this NBA team doing, trying to lay claim to our property?‟” Nelson recalls. “We tried to explain that this was an honor for Wang and for China.”There was no deal. Wang grew despondent and lost his edge on court.This year Yao became the anointed one. He eclipsed Wang in scoring and rebounding, and even stole away his coveted MVP award in the Chinese Basketball Association league. It looked as if his Shanghai team — a dynamic semicapitalist club in China‟s most open city — would get its star to the NBA first.Then came the March madness. Wang broke out of his slump to lead the Army team to its sixth consecutive CBA title — scoring 40 in the final game. A day later the PLA scored some points of its own by announcing that Wang was free to go West. What inspired the change of heart? No doubt the Mavericks worked to build trust with Chinese officials (even inviting national- team coach Wang Fei to spend the 1999-2000 season in Dallas). There was also the small matter of Chinese pride. The national team stumbled to a 10th-place finish at the 2000 Olympics, after placing eighth in 1996. Even the most intransigent cadre could see that the team would improve only if it sent its stars overseas to learn from the world‟s best players.Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (汉译英)This section consists of two parts, Part A —“Compulsory Translation” and Part B —“Choice of Two Translations”consisting of two sections “Topic 1”and “Topic 2”. For the passage in Part A and your choice of passage in Part B, translate the underlined portions, including titles, into English. Above your translation of Part A, write “Compulsory Translation” and above your translation from Part B, write “Topic 1” or “Topic 2” (40 points, 80 minutes)Part A Compulsory Translation(必译题)(20 points)中华民族历来尊重人的尊严和价值。
11月CATTI二级笔译考试真题回忆(网友版)
11月CATTI二级笔译考试真题回忆(网友版)二级笔译:《二级笔译实务》1. 英译汉第一篇:节选自The New York Times,原文标题为:Paris Employs a Few Black Sheep to Tend, and Eat, a City FieldThe archivists requested a donkey, but what they got from the mayor’s office were four wary black sheep, which, as of Wednesday morning, were chewing away at a lumpy field of grass beside the municipal archives building as the City of Paris’s newest, shaggiest lawn mowers. Mayor Bertrand Delano has made the environment a priority since his election in 2001, with popular bike- and car-sharing programs, an expanded network of designated lanes for bicycles and buses, and an enormous project to pedestrianize the banks along much of the Seine.The sheep, which are to mow (and, not inconsequentially, fertilize) an airy half-acre patch in the 19th District intended in the same spirit. City Hall refers to the project as “eco-grazing,” and it notes that the four ewes will prevent the use of noisy, gas-guzzling mowers and cut down on the use of herbicides.Paris has plans for a slightly larger eco-grazing project not far from the archives building, assuming all goes well; similar projects have been under way in smaller towns in the region in recent years.The sheep, from a rare, diminutive Breton breed called Ouessant, stand just about two feet high. Chosen for their hardiness, city officials said, they will pasture here until October inside a three-foot-high, yellow electrified fence.“This is really not a one-shot deal,” insisted René Dutrey, the adjunc t mayor for the environment and sustainable development. Mr. Dutrey, a fast-talking man inorange-striped Adidas Samba sneakers, noted that the sheep had cost the city a total of just about $335, though no further economic projections have been drawn up for the time being.A metal fence surrounds the grounds of the archives, and a security guard stands watch at the gate, so there is little risk that local predators — large, unleashed dogs, for instance — will be able to reach the ewes.Curious humans, however, are encouraged to visit the sheep, and perhaps the archives, too. The eco-grazing project began as an initiative to attract the public to the archives, and informational panels have been put in place to explain what, exactly, the sheep are doing here.But the archivists have had to be trained to care for the animals. In the unlikely event that a ewe should flip onto her back, Ms. Masson said, someone must rush to put her back on her feet.2. 英译汉第二篇:同样节选自The New York Times,原文标题为:N. Joseph Woodland, Inventor of the Bar Code, Dies at 91Norman Joseph Woodland was born in Atlantic City on Sept. 6, 1921. As a Boy Scout he learned Morse code, the spark that would ignite his invention.After spending World War II on the Manhattan Project , Mr. Woodland resumed his studies at the Drexel Institute of Technology in Philadelphia (it is now Drexel University), earning a bachelor’s degree in 1947.As an undergraduate, Mr. Woodland perfected a system for delivering elevator music efficiently. He planned to pursue the project commercially, but his father, who had come of age in “Boardwalk Empire”-era Atlantic City, forbade it: elevator music, he said, was controlled by the mob, and no son of his was going to come withinspitting distance.The younger Mr. Woodland returned to Drexel for a master’s degree. In 1948, a local supermarket executive visited the campus, where he implored a dean to develop an efficient means of encoding product data. The dean demurred, but Mr. Silver, a fellow graduate student who overheard their conversation, was intrigued. He conscripted Mr. Woodland.An early idea of theirs, which involved printing product information in fluorescent ink and reading it with ultraviolet light, proved unworkable.But Mr. Woodland, convinced that a solution was close at hand, quit graduate school to devote himself to the problem. He holed up at his grandparents’home in Miami Beach, where he spent the winter of 1948-49 in a chair in the sand, thinking.To represent information visually, he realized, he would need a code. The only code he knew was the one he had learned in the Boy Scouts.What would happen, Mr. Woodland wondered one day, if Morse code, with its elegant simplicity and limitless combinatorial potential, were adapted graphically? He began trailing his fingers idly through the sand.“What I’m going to tell you sounds like a fairy tale,” Mr. Woodland told Smithson ian magazine in 1999. “I poked my four fingers into the sand and for whatever reason — I didn’t know — I pulled my hand toward me and drew four lines. Now I have four lines, and they could be wide lines and narrow lines instead of dots and dashes.’”Today, bar codes appears on the surface of almost every product of contemporary life. All because a bright young man, his mind ablaze with dots and dashes, one day raked his fingers through the sand.3. 汉译英第一篇:中国式过马路4. 汉译英第二篇:中国经济现状(工业、商业、金融、法制管理)。
[英语考试]年11月英语二级笔译实务考试试题
[英语考试]年11月英语二级笔译实务考试试题第一篇:题目:保护环境,从每个人做起保护环境是当今世界面临的重要任务,而每个人都应该为此贡献自己的一份力量。
环境问题涉及到我们的健康、社会经济和生态系统的可持续发展。
保护环境应当成为我们每个人的责任。
首先,我们应该加强对环境保护的意识。
只有当我们意识到环境污染对我们自身和后代的生活造成的巨大威胁时,我们才能真正行动起来。
每个人都应该了解到,环境问题不仅存在于遥远的地方,也常常发生在我们的身边。
例如,空气污染、水污染和土地退化等问题都严重影响着我们的健康和生活质量。
只有提高环境意识,我们才能积极参与环保活动,并以身作则,为他人树立榜样。
其次,我们应该改变生活方式,减少对环境的负面影响。
我们可以从自身小事做起,比如节约用水、减少废物和垃圾的产生,使用可再生能源等。
在购物时,我们应该选择那些环保产品,减少塑料袋的使用。
同时,我们也可以鼓励家人、朋友和同事加入环保行动,共同努力保护环境。
此外,政府和企业也应发挥重要作用,制定和实施环保政策和措施。
政府应该加强监管,加大对环境犯罪的打击力度,提高环境污染的罚款额度,加强环境教育,推动可持续发展。
企业应该积极履行社会责任,改善生产方式,采用环保的技术和工艺,减少污染物的排放。
总之,保护环境是我们每个人共同的责任。
只有每个人都积极参与,才能真正实现环境的可持续发展。
保护环境是为了我们自己、为了下一代,也为了我们共同的家园地球。
第二篇:题目:培养健康的生活习惯健康是人生最宝贵的财富,而培养健康的生活习惯是实现健康的关键。
健康的生活习惯包括健康饮食、适量运动、良好的睡眠、保持心理健康等方面。
只有养成这些良好的生活习惯,我们才能更好地享受生活。
首先,饮食健康是保持健康的重要一环。
我们应该尽量避免食用高糖、高盐和高脂肪的食物,多食用新鲜蔬菜水果、全谷类食物和低脂肪的食物。
合理均衡的饮食有助于提供身体所需的营养,并维持体内器官的正常功能。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
人事部二级笔译(CATTI)2005.11实务真题及答案【英译汉必译题】Hans Christian Andersen was Denmark's most famous native son. Yet even after his fairy tales won him fame and fortune, he feared he would be forgotten. He need not have worried. This weekend, Denmark began eight months of celebrations to coincide with the bicentenary of his birth, and Denmark is eager that the world take note as it sets out to define the pigeon-holed writer in its own way.The festivities began in Copenhagen on Saturday, Andersen's actual birthday, with a lively show of music, dance, lights and comedy inspired by his fairy tales before a crowd of 40,000 people -- including Queen Margrethe II and her family -- at the Parken National Stadium. The opening, called Once Upon a Time, will be followed by a slew of concerts, musicals, ballets, exhibitions, parades and education programs costing over US$40 million.So more than in recent memory, Danes -- and, they hope, foreigners -- will be reliving the humor, pain and lessons to be found in evergreen stories like The Little Mermaid, The Emperor's New Clothes, The Ugly Duckling, The Little Match-Seller, The Steadfast Tin Soldier, The Shadow, The Princess and the Pea and others of Andersen's 150 or so fairy tales.]In organizing this extravaganza, of course, Denmark is also celebrating itself. After all, Andersen is still this country's most famous native son. Trumpeting his name and achievements not only draws attention to Denmark's contribution to world culture, but could also woo more foreign tourists to visit his birthplace in the town of Odense and to be photographed beside the famous bronze statue of the Little Mermaid in Copenhagen's harbor.And Denmark has even more in mind. Local guardians of the Andersen legacy evidently feel his stories have lost ground in recent years to the likes of J.R.R. Tolkien's Lord of the Rings and J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter. Andersen's fairy tales may remain central to the Danish identity, serving as homespun guides to the vagaries of human behavior, but what about the rest of the world?"What we really need is a rebirth of Andersen," noted Lars Seeberg, secretary general of the Hans Christian Andersen 2005 Foundation. "Two centuries after his birth, he still fails to be universally acknowledged as the world-class author he no doubt was.【参考译文】安徒生或许是土生土长的丹麦人中最出名的一位了。
虽然他创作的童话给他带来了声名和财富,但他还是很担心自己会为人们所遗忘。
他的担心多少有些杞人忧天了。
本周末,丹麦开始举行为期8个月的庆祝活动,庆祝安徒生诞辰两百周年。
庆典于本周六,也就是安徒生出生的确切日期开始举行。
庆典安排在帕肯国家体育场举行,期间包括轻快的音乐、舞蹈、灯火表演,还有根据安徒生创作的童话改编的喜剧表演,观看演出的观众有4万多——其中还包括女王玛格丽特二世及王室成员。
演出活动后还有音乐会、歌舞剧、芭蕾舞、展览会及各类教育项目,总花费达4000万美元。
丹麦人愿与全世界的人们一同从诸如《海的女儿》、《皇帝的新装》等不朽名篇及安徒生创作的其他150多部童话中体味欢乐、悲伤和经验教训。
当然,丹麦人也没忘了沾沾这个庆祝活动的光。
举办这个活动不仅是为了让全世界都认识到丹麦对世界文化所作的贡献,也是为了招徕外国游客来参观安徒生位于小镇奥登斯的出生地,并在哥本哈根港内名闻遐迩的美人鱼青铜雕像旁摄影。
但是,丹麦人的安排并不仅止于此。
近年来,安徒生的精神遗产的捍卫者们深切地感受到,安徒生童话和TJJ托尔金的《魔戒》及罗琳斯的《哈里.波特》相比,影响力日渐式微。
在丹麦人心目中,安徒生童话仍然占据着核心地位,对他们的日常行为起着指导作用(这句话里对vagary一词始终不能把握好,时间太紧,只好姑且先这么说了),但在世界上的其他地方,情况又如何呢?“丹麦真正需要的是安徒生的转世重生。
安徒生早应成为公认的世界级作家,但在他诞辰两百年后,他的这一地位仍未得到肯认。
”安徒生2005基金会的秘书长西伯格说到。
【试题1】The Gap Between Rich and Poor Widened in U.S. CapitalWashington D.C. ranks first among the 40 cities with the widest gap between the poor and the rich, according to a recent report released by the D.C. Fiscal Policy Institute on July 22nd. The top 20 percent of households in D.C. have an average yearly income of $186,830, 31 times that of the bottom 20 percent, which earns only $6,126 per year. The income gap is also big in Atlanta and Miami, but the difference is not as pronounced.The report also indicates that the widening gap occurred mainly during the 1990s. Over the last decade, the average income of the top 20 percent of households has grown 36 percent, while the average income of the bottom 20 percent has only risen 3 percent."I believe the concentration of the middle- to high-income families in the D.C. area will continue, therefore, the income gap between rich and poor will be hard to bridge," David Garrison told the Washington Observer. Garrison is a senior researcher with the Brookings Institution, specializing in the study of the social and economic policies in the greater Washington D.C. area.The report attributed the persistent income gap in Washington to the area's special job opportunities, which attract high-income household s. Especially since the federal government is based in Washington D.C., Government agencies and other government related businesses such as lobbying firms and government contractors constantly offer high-paying jobs, which contribute to the trend of increasing high-income households in the D.C. area. For example, a single young professional working in a law firm in D.C. can earn as much as $100,000 in his or her first year out of law school."In addition, high-quality housing available in Washington D.C. is one of the main reasons why high-income families choose to live here, while middle and low-income families, if they can afford it, choose to move out of Washington D.C. tothe Virginia and Maryland suburbs so that their kids can go to better schools," stated Garrison."As rich families continue to move into D.C. and middle and low-income families are moving out, the poorest families are left with nowhere to move, or cannot afford to move. This creates the situation we face now: a huge income gap between the rich and poor."The Washington D.C. area to which Garrison refers is the District of Columbia city itself, not including the greater Washington metro area. "The greater Washington metro area has a large population of about 5 million, but the low-income households are often concentrated in D.C. proper," Garrison explained.Tony Blalock, the spokesperson for Mayor Anthony Williams, said resignedly, "No matter what we seem to do to bring investment into the District, a certain population is not able to access the unique employment opportunities there. The gap between the rich and poor is the product of complex forces, and won't be fixed overnight."Garrison believes that the D.C. government should attract high-income families. By doing so, the District's tax base can grow, which in turn can help improve D.C.'s infrastructure. "But in the meantime, the District government should also take into consideration the rights of the poor, set up good schools for them, and provide sound social welfare. All these measures can alleviate the dire situation caused by income disparity. "Garrison, however, is not optimistic about the possibility of closing the gap between the rich and poor. He is particularly doubtful that current economic progress will be able to help out the poor. "Bush's tax-cut plan did bring about this wave of economic recovery, and the working professionals and rich did benefit from it. It is unfair to say that the plan did not help the poor at all… it just didn't benefit them as much as it did the rich, " Garrison said. "The working class in America, those who do the simplest work, get paid the least, and dutifully pay their taxes, has not benefited from Bush's tax-cut plan much."Garrison concludes, "A lot of cities in America did not enjoy the positive impact of the economic recovery. Washington D.C., on the other hand, has always been sheltered by the federal government. The wide gap between rich and poor in the District, therefore, deserves more in-depth study and exploration."【试题1】参考答案美国首都贫富不均情况加重美国首都独立研究机构华盛顿特区财政政策研究院(DC Fiscal Policy Institute)于7月22日公布的一份其最新的研究报告显示,华盛顿特区的贫富差距居全美40个大都会区之冠,20%最富有的家庭其年收入高达$186,830美元,是20%最贫穷家庭年收入(仅$6,126美元)的31倍。