【彭宇】翻译理论与实践-课件2

Unit 4
Adding verbs
SKILLS IN TRANSLATION
e.g. There were no speeches, no foreign diplomats, no “ordinary Chinese” with paper flags and flowers. — 没有发表讲话，没有各国外交官到场，也 没有“中国群众”挥舞纸旗和花束的场面。
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增加数词或其它词表示复数 汉语中有些数字词汇在文中并不表示具 体的数字，只是表示“多，众多”的意思， 如百（百花齐放，百家争鸣，百鸟朝凤，百 感交集）、千（千篇一律，千人一面，千方 百计）、万（万众一心，万紫千红，万水千 山，千难万险）等；还有些词，如、 群、众、 历、丛等也表示数量的多： B.
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Adding adjectives e.g. With what enthusiasm the Beijingers are studying foreign languages! — 北京的人们正以多么高的热情学习外语啊！ e.g. What a day/life! — 多么（ 热/冷/难熬/幸福/悲惨 ）的一天/生 活啊！
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e.g. Don’t take it so seriously. I just make fun of you. — 不要当真嘛！我不过是跟你开玩笑罢了。 e.g. As for me, I have nothing to say. — 我呢，也没有什么可说的了。
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Adding quantifiers A. 英语中的名词，特别是可数名词，一 般直接与数词或冠词连用；而汉语几乎总是 要用量词。 e.g. I bought a new bike yesterday. — 我昨天买了一辆新自行车。 e.g. A red sun rose slowly from the calm sea. — 一轮红日在平静的海面上冉冉升起。
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Adding auxiliary words which indicate the tone 汉语中有许多语气助词，如：的、吧、 呢、啊、呀、吗、嘛、啦、了、罢了、而已 等。在英译汉时，要细心体味原文，使用汉 语语气助词，更好地表达原文的修辞色彩。
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C. 比较句 e.g. Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own. — 从别人的失败中吸取教训比从自己的 失败中吸取教训更好。 e.g. The villagers are as ready to look after her as they were their own daughter. — 村民们愿意照顾她，正如他们愿意照 顾他们自己的女儿一样。
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Adding words which indicate the tense 英语动词的时态是靠动词词型变化和加 助动词来表达的。汉语动词没有时态变化， 表达时态时除用具体表示时间的词或词组， 如昨天、此时此刻、下周、２０年前等，还 要借助于时态助词“曾、已经、过、了／正 在、着、／将、就、要、会、便”被用来表 示过去／现在／将来发生的动作或存在的状 态。
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Adding nouns A. After the intransitive verb e.g. Be sure to wash before meal. — 饭前一定要洗手。 e.g. Doesn’t she wash after getting up? — 起床后她难道不洗漱（洗脸刷牙）吗？
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wk.baidu.com
Adding words which are syntactically omitted in the source text A. 问答句 e.g. — what? Don’t you love him? — Yes, of course I do. — 什么？难道你不爱他？ — 我当然爱他！
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e.g. He sometimes forgets to wash before going to bed. — 他有时忘记洗脚就上床睡觉。 e.g. Day after day she does the same: washing, sweeping, and cooking. — 她日复一日地做着同样的家务：洗衣服， 拖地板，做饭。
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对时间概念作强调时，往往加词翻译。
A.
e.g. Once I was his boss ,but now he is mine. — 我一度曾是他的上司；不过现在是他领 导我。
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B. 强调时间的对比时，要加词翻译。 e.g. They say his father was a fisherman. He used to be as poor as we are. — 听人说，从前他爸爸是个打鱼的。他过 去也跟我们现在一样穷。
主讲：PY.UNIVERSE 外语教学与研究出版社 FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING AND RESEARCH PRESS
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A brief introduction of adding
英汉两种语言，由于表达方式不尽相同， 翻译时既可能将词类转换，有时候也可能将 词量增减。 增词法就是在翻译时按意义上或修辞上或句 法上的需要增加一些词来更忠实、通顺地表 达原文思想内容。这当然不是无中生有地随 意乱加，而是增加原文中虽无其词却有其义 的一些词。
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Adding words which indicate the plural form
汉语中名词的复数没有词型变化，很多 情况下不必表达出来，但要表达 指多数人的 名词时，可用“们”，如“老师们，同学 们”，或在名词前加“各位／诸位” 或独立 使用“大家”；表达事物的复数时可用“若 干”等。此外，英语名词复数汉译时还可根 据情况，增加重叠词、数词或其他一些词来 表达，以提高修辞效果。
— 四月里，全世界听到中国乒的一声把球打了出去； 到了七月，美国乓的一声把球打了回来。 如只照原文译出“四月份，全世界听到乒的一声； 七月里，这乒声乓了一下。”读者肯定不知所云。 根据中美建交的背景知识，把这段外交史话译为
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B. 排比句 e.g. “Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man…” — “读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使 人准确。”（培根:《论读书》王佐良译）
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e.g. The lion is the king of animals. — 狮子是百兽之王。 e.g. The mountains were covered with snow. — 群山白雪皑皑。 e.g. The crowd made a way for him. — 众人给他闪开了一条道。
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V. Adding adverbs e.g. The crowd melted away. — 人群渐渐地散去了。 e.g. As he began talking, words poured out. — 他一开讲，就滔滔不绝地讲个没完。
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D. 隐含条件句 e.g. At the time of Kennedy’s assassination, people thought that a second term would have led either to greatness or to disaster. — 肯尼迪遇刺时，人们认为，假如他再 任一届总统的话，大概不是功高盖世，就是 祸国殃民。
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C. After noun e.g. After all preparations were made, the sports meet began. — 一切准备工作就绪后，运动会开始了。 e.g. In the summer of 1969, the government publicly urged an easing of tensions with China. — 一九六九年夏天，政府公开主张缓和与 中国的紧张关系。 e.g. He felt the patriot rise within his breast. — 他感到胸中涌起了一股爱国热情。
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A. 增加重叠词表示复数 e.g. Flowers bloom in the fields. — 朵朵鲜花开满原野。 e.g. Every summer, tourists go to the coastal cities. — 一到夏季，旅游者纷纷涌到海滨城市。 e.g. Rows of new houses have been set up. — 一排排的新房建成了。
Unit 4
Adding verbs
SKILLS IN TRANSLATION
e.g. After the banquets, the concerts, and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the drafting of the final communiqué. — 参加完宴会，出席过音乐会，观看了乒乓 球表演赛之后，他还得起草最后公报。 e.g. I’m really busy this morning: 2 classes, a meeting, and an interview. — 我今天上午的确很忙，要上两节课，开一 个会，还要接受一个采访。
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B. Before the adjective e.g. The radio is indeed cheap and fine. — 这台收音机真是物美价廉。 e.g. She is a complicated girl – moody, sensitive and skeptical. — 她是个性格复杂的人：喜怒无常，多愁 善感，疑神疑鬼。
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Adding words which indicate the textual / social context e.g. In April, there was the “ping” heard around the world. In July, the ping “ponged”.
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B. 英语中有些动词或动作名词，译成汉 语时常需增加一些表示行为、动作的动量词。 e.g. Shall we have a rest? — 我们休息一下好吗？ e.g. Once they quarreled bitterly. — 有次他们大吵了一架。 e.g. I had a look at the photo and recognized her at once. — 我看了一眼照片，马上就认出了她。