中考英语阅读理解——科普环保类30例(68)

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英语试卷分类汇编英语阅读理解(科普环保)(及答案)

英语试卷分类汇编英语阅读理解(科普环保)(及答案)一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A team of international scientists is due to set off for the world's biggest iceberg in a mission aiming to answer fundamental questions about the impact of climate change in the polar regions. The scientists, led by the British Antarctic Survey (BAS), are trying to reach a newly revealed ecosystem that had been hidden for 120,000 years below the Larsen C ice shelf.Last year, part of the Larsen C ice shelf calved (崩解) away, forming a huge iceberg-A68—which is four times bigger than London, and revealing life beneath for the first time. Now scientists say it is a race against time to explore these new ecosystems before they are transformed to the light. Marine biologist Dr Katrin Linse from the BAS is leading the mission."The calving of A68 provides us with a unique opportunity to study marine life as it responds to a huge environment change," she said. "It is important that we get there quickly before the undersea environment changes as sunlight enters the water."Professor David Vaughan, science director at the BAs, said, "We need to be bold (大胆的) on this one. Larsen C is a long way south and there's lots of sea ice in the area, but this is important science, so we will try our best to get the team where they need to be. He said climate change had already affected the sea around Antarctica and is warming some coastal waters. "Future warming may make some habitats warm. Where these habitats support unique species that are adapted to love the cold and not the warm, those species are going to either move or die."There is growing concern about the possible impact of climate change in the Antarctic. Earlier this month, a report revealed that melting ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica are speeding up the already fast pace of the sea level rise. The research, published by the National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine, said, "At the current rate, the world's ocean will be, on average, at least 60cm higher by the end of the century." However, it found that the process is accelerating, and more than three quarters of the acceleration since 1993 is due to melting ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica, the study shows.（1）Why are the scientists eager to go to the iceberg?A. To study how the iceberg was formed.B. To study a newly discovered ecosystem.C. To explore a new way to prevent climate change.D. To explore the geography of the Larsen C ice shelf.（2）What do the underlined words "this one" in the fourth paragraph refer to?A. The Larsen C ice shelf.B. Climate change in Antarctica.C. The A68 iceberg with the ecosystem beneath it.D. The condition of animal species in Antarctica.（3）What can we learn about the A68 iceberg from the text?A. It is as big as London.B. It is part of an ice shelf in the Arctic.C. It will disappear in a very short time.D. It has uncovered an unknown ecosystem in Antarctica.（4）What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. There is no need to worry about climate change in Antarctica.B. The ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica are melting at a steady rate.C. Many creatures living in deep water will die out due to climate change.D. By 2100, the sea level will have risen to a much higher level than now.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）D（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，南极地区的拉森C冰架崩解形成了一座巨大的冰山A68 iceberg。

(英语)英语阅读理解(科普环保)题20套(带答案)

（英语）英语阅读理解(科普环保)题20套(带答案)一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

When athletes at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics collect their medals, they'll not only be wearing something that celebrates their sporting performance, but something that symbolizes lastingness. For both the 2020 Olympics and Paralympics, organizers aim to make all of the gold, silver, and bronze medals out of used electronics. This strong message about how to make use of e-waste has gotten a lot of Japan involved.Starting in April 2017, the Japanese Olympic Committee began collecting old laptops, digital cameras, smartphones, and other abandoned electronics. The initiative (倡议) has achieved great success. Already, the quantity needed for bronze medals has been met, and they're in the homestretch for silver and gold medals, meaning the collection process can pack up at the end of March.When looking just at the number of cell phones collected, the amount of waste is shocking. In a period of about 18 months, a little over 5 million smartphones were collected thanks to cooperation with NTT DOCOMO. Japan's largest mobile phone operator allowed the public to turn in phones at their shops, which counted a lot in the project's success.After being taken apart and sorted, the small electronics underwent a smelting process to extract (提炼) all the gold, silver, and bronze elements. Thanks to this initiative, the worldwide struggle with e-waste will have a global platform. According to a study published by the United Nations University—44.7 million metric tons of e-waste were made in 2016. Only 20% of that was actually recycled. Unfortunately, this figure is set to rise significantly in the coming years, moving to 52.2 million metric tons by 2021. So while the Tokyo Olympics initiative might be just a drop in the bucket, it's a good start in showing what the public can do if they're made more aware of the issue.（1）What can be learnt about Tokyo Olympics initiative from the passage?A. E-waste in the world is increasing significantly.B. It is easy to get elements needed from the used electronics.C. Only producers of electronics participated in the project.D. NTT DOCOMO contributed to the success of the project.（2）Which can best replace the underlined word "homestretch" in Paragraph 2?A. starting periodB. collection effortC. final stageD. hard search（3）What influence does the Tokyo Olympics initiative have?A. It offers an effective method to solve the problem of e-waste.B. It shows the power of advanced technology in daily life.C. It saves the expense spent in making all the medals.D. It encourages the public's involvement in dealing with e-waste.（4）What is the writer's attitude to the Tokyo Olympics initiative?A. PositiveB. NegativeC. AmbiguousD. Indifferent【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了日本将回收利用废弃的电子产品中的金属，用于制作2020年奥运会奖牌。

【英语】英语阅读理解(科普环保)题20套(带答案)及解析

【英语】英语阅读理解(科普环保)题20套(带答案)及解析一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读理解The Alexander techniqueUntil earlier this year, I didn't know anything about the Alexander technique—and saw no reason to think I should. One day, the backache I regularly suffered was more painful. I was brought up to think that the preferred way of dealing with aches is to do nothing and hope they'll go away, but I eventually went to the doctor. After examining me, he said, "You actually have bad posture (姿势). Go off and learn the Alexander technique." Three months later I could walk straighter and sit better.The Alexander technique is a way of learning how you can get rid of harmful tension in your body. The teaching focuses on the neck, head and back. It trains you to use your body less severely and carry out the movements that we do all the time with less effort. There is little effort in the lessons themselves, which sets apart the Alexander technique from yoga or pilates, which are exercise-based. A typical lesson involves standing in front of a chair and learning to sit and stand with minimum effort. You spend some time lying on a bench with your knees bent to straighten the spine (脊椎) and relax your body while the teacher moves your arms and legs to train you to move them correctly.The technique helps to break the bad habits accumulated over years. Try folding your arms the opposite way to normal. This is an example of a habit the body has formed which can be hard to break. Many of us carry our heads too far back. The head weighs four to six kilos, so any inappropriate posture can cause problems for the body. The technique teaches you to let go of the muscles holding the head back, allowing it to go back to its natural place on the top of our spines.So who was Alexander and how did he come up with the technique? Frederick Alexander, an Australian actor born in 1869, found in his youth that he had vocal (声音的) problems during performances. He analyzed himself and realized his posture was bad. He worked on improving it, with excellent results. He brought his technique to London and opened a teacher-training school, which is still successful today.So if you're walking along the road one day with shoulders bent forward, feeling weighed down by your troubles, give a thought to the Alexander technique. It will help you walk tall again.（1）What does the author suggest in Paragraph 1?A. She felt no better after the treatment.B. She got bored with the Alexander technique.C. She was sceptical about the doctor's method.D. She was unwilling to seek treatment for her backache.（2）What is the principle of the Alexander technique?A. Physical tension shouldn't be completely relieved.B. The technique shouldn't be combined with other exercises.C. The practice of the technique shouldn't be attempted alone.D. Familiar physical actions shouldn't be done with much effort.（3）What can we learn about Frederick Alexander?A. He managed to recover his vocal powers.B. He was eager to make a name for himself.C. He developed a form of exercise for actors.D. He had to leave home to develop his technique.（4）What is the main idea of the passage?A. The occurrence of back pain is widespread.B. Alexander improved the technique to treat body pain.C. The Alexander technique helps overcome posture problems.D. People with back pain are victims of inappropriate postures.【答案】（1）D（2）D（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍亚历山大技巧的对于矫正身体的作用以及其发明者。

(英语)英语阅读理解(科普环保)题20套(带答案)及解析

（英语）英语阅读理解(科普环保)题20套(带答案)及解析一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Robots are now being employed not just for dangerous tasks, such as discovering mines or rescuing people in disasters. They are also finding application as household helps and as nursing assistants. As increasing numbers of machines, equipped with the latest artificial intelligence, take on a growing variety of specialized and everyday tasks, the question of how people see them and behave towards them becomes ever more urgent.A team led by Sari Nijssen of Radboud University and Markus Paulus, Professor of Developmental Psychology at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet (LMU), have carried out a study to determine the degree to which people show concern for robots and behave towards them basedon moral principles.According to Sari Nijssen, the study set out to answer the following question:" Under what circumstances would adults be willing to sacrifice robots to save human lives?" The participants were faced with a hypothetical (假设的) moral dilemma: Would they be prepared to put a single person at risk in order to save a group of injured persons? In the situations presented the intended victim was either a human, a humanoid robot that had been humanized (人性化的) to various degrees or a robot that was clearly recognizable as a machine.The study suggested that the more the robot was humanized, the less likely participants wereto sacrifice it. Situations that included vivid stories in which the robot was described as a merciful being or as a creature with its own understandings, experiences and thoughts, were more likelyto stop the study participants from sacrificing it in the interests of anonymous (无名的) humans. "This result indicates that our study group attached a certain moral status to the robot," says Paulus. "One possible suggestion of this finding is that attempts to humanize robots should notgo too far. Such efforts could come into conflict with their intended function—to be of help to us."（1）What has become a concern about robots?A. How to humanize them.B. How to treat them in life.C. How to use them effectively.D. How to find more applications.（2）In the study the participants probably have to decide ________.A. when to sacrifice a robotB. where to experience risksC. which robot to work withD. what robots should be like（3）What can be inferred from Paulus' words?A. Humanized robots offer less help to people.B. Humanizing robots too much may be improper.C. Certain moral status should be attached to robots.D. Conflicts often happen between humans and robots.（4）Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. Robots, A Must for FutureB. Humanized Robots, A New TrendC. Robot Saved, People Take the HitD. Humanized Robots, Replace Human【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，随着越来越多的机器人具有人性化，它们承担越来越多样化的专业和日常任务，人们如何看待他们，如何对待他们的问题变的迫在眉睫。

【英语】英语阅读理解(科普环保)练习题含解析

【英语】英语阅读理解(科普环保)练习题含解析一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Moving in with a boyfriend causes women to eat more unhealthily and put on weight. But the opposite is true for men, whose long-term health benefits when they move in with a female partner.Dieticians at Newcastle University said both partners try to please one another, and so change their dietary habits to suit their other half.It leads men to eat more light meals, such as salads, fruit and vegetables, while women choose to make creamier, heavier dishes curry or rich pasta sauces, which may please their partner. Women still have the strongest long-term influence over the couple's diet and lifestyle, as they still have the traditional role of shopper and cook in most households.The report, by Newcastle University's Human Nutrition Research Centre, reviewed the finding of a variety of research projects from the UK, North America and Australia, which looked at the eating and lifestyle habits of couples.The research shows that women are more likely to put on weight and increase their consumption of foods high in fat and sugar when they move in with their partnerWomen also use food as a comfort when dealing with emotional stress and have been found to gain weight when a relationship ends, while the same finding has not been observed in men.Many couples reported food as being central to their partnership, and eating together in the evening was particularly important to many.Report author and registered dietician Dr. Amelia Lake said, "The research has shown that your partner is a strong influence on lifestyle and people who are trying to live healthier lives should take this factor into consideration."（1）According to the passage, moving in with a girlfriend, men ________.A. have few changes of their dietary habitsB. have to eat more unhealthy foodsC. don't like foods high in fat and sugar at allD. try to eat foods that their girlfriends like（2）The underlined word "light" (in Paragraph 4) probably means ________.A. not very heavyB. less in fat and sugarC. gentleD. not serious or important （3）According to the report by Newcastle University's Human Nutrition Research Centre, ________.A. women put on weight only because they want to suit their other halfB. when men are faced with emotional stress, they will change their dietary habitsC. eating together in the evening is a good way to communicate for couplesD. it is wrong to change your dietary habits to suit your partner（4）From the passage, we can infer that ________.A. women should pay more attention to their partner's influence on themB. more men will play roles of shopper and cook in most householdsC. couples will not change their dietary habits and lifestyle to please their partnerD. long-term health of men benefits when they move in with a female partner（5）What would be the best title for the passage?A. Don't be silly any more, women!B. Which are better dietary habits?C. Boyfriends make you fatD. Dr. Amelia Lake and his study【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C（4）A（5）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，纽卡斯尔大学的营养学专家的研究表明，同居让女人发胖让男人更健康。

初三环保意识英语阅读理解30题

初三环保意识英语阅读理解30题1<背景文章>Environmental problems are becoming increasingly serious in today's world. Air pollution is one of the most prominent issues. Factories, vehicles, and power plants emit large amounts of pollutants into the air, such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter. These pollutants not only harm human health but also damage the environment. For example, they can cause respiratory diseases and reduce visibility.Water pollution is also a major concern. Industrial waste, agricultural runoff, and sewage disposal all contribute to water pollution. Polluted water can contain harmful chemicals, heavy metals, and pathogens. This can lead to the death of aquatic organisms and pose a threat to human health if people consume or use polluted water.In addition to air and water pollution, there are also problems such as deforestation, soil erosion, and climate change. Deforestation reduces the amount of oxygen in the air and disrupts the balance of the ecosystem. Soil erosion can lead to the loss of fertile land and affect agricultural production. Climate change is caused by the increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, which leads to rising temperatures, sea level rise, and more extreme weather events.We must take action to address these environmental problems. Everyone can play a role in protecting the environment. For example, we can reduce energy consumption, recycle waste, and use public transportation. By working together, we can make a difference and createa sustainable future for ourselves and future generations.1. What is one of the most prominent environmental problems mentioned in the passage?A. Deforestation.B. Soil erosion.C. Air pollution.D. Climate change.答案：C。

英语科普环保类阅读试题答案及解析

英语科普环保类阅读试题答案及解析1. Human beings have a natural desire to explore the unknown. People with a strong interest in space like to say it is the last place left to explore. But scientists are warning that space exploration for long periods is not going to be easy. They say the human body is not designed to stay in space over an extended period.The New York Times recently published a report about scientists who are preparing astronauts for a trip to the Moon. The newspaper said the scientists want to make sure that their crews return home in good health. But there are many problems to be solved before people are ready for long trips to the Moon, an asteroid or even the planet Mars.Humans developed on a planet with a surface that is more than 70 percent water. Our bodies are also about 70 percent water. When there is no gravity that water moves up toward the head, raising pressure in the skull. Arms and legs grow weaker at what is called zero gravity because they no longer need to push against the force of gravity.Five years ago, astronauts who spent weeks in space reported a change in their eyesight. These astronauts were members of the crew on the International Space Station. Research showed a change in the shape of their eyes. Normally-round eyeballs had become flat during time in space. The research also showed that the right eye was affected more than the left, and that men were more affected than women. Scientists could not find an explanation for the differences.Bone loss was one of the problems first reported by astronauts returning to Earth after longer stays in space. So scientists designed exercise machines to use on the space station. Tests showed that the exercise equipment helped space travelers keep their bones almost as strong as when they left Earth.There are other health issues for astronauts who spend a long time in space. They may have problems eating and sleeping. But the biggest health issue is exposure to radiation. On Earth, human beings are protected by the atmosphere and the planet's magnetic field. In outer space, there is no such protection.【1】What is the main idea of the passage？A．Long periods in space will affect the health of astronauts.B．Scientists are trying to find out how to protect astronauts.C．Space is dangerous to human beings.D．People sh ouldn’t explore space.【答案】A【解析】主旨题：从第一段的句子：But scientists are warning that space exploration for long periods is not going to be easy. They say the human body is not designed to stay in space over an extended period.可知这篇文章讲的是长时间在太空里会对宇航员的健康造成危害。

2019-2020年初中英语阅读理解集练科普环保类

2019-2020年初中英语阅读理解集练科普环保类1、Famous Inventions and Their InventorsX-rays were discovered in 1895 by a German professor, Wilhelm Roentgen. People all over the world were amazed by his invention, the X-ray machine. This invention was so important that Roentgen won the first Nobel Prize for Physics in 1901. The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell, a doctor and speech teacher. The first phone call was made by Bell in 1876. He got acid(酸) on his pants by accident and wanted his partner, Thomas Watson, to help him. The first words spoken on the telephone were “Mr. Watson, come here! I need you!”Television was invented in 1926 by John Logie Baird, a Scottish inventor. Baird’s television certainly didn't look like a television today! Electronic televisions like the ones we have today were invented by Vladimir Zworykin in the 1920s in the United States.The first computer was built in 1946 by two American engineers, J. Presper Eckert and John W. Mauchly. It was developed for the army, and it was so large that it took up the whole room! Later, in 1971, the “microchip” was invented, and small home computers were first produced for personal use. Today computers are involved in almost everything we do and are found almost everywhere we go.根据短文内容，判断正(T)误(F)。

英语阅读理解(科普环保)题20套(带答案)及解析

英语阅读理解（科普环保）题20套（带答案）及解析一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

A shark moving around the coastline is normally a worrying sight ，but this waterborne drone （无人机） threatens floating rubbish instead of people.Developed by Dutch company RanMarine, the WasteShark takes nature as its inspiration with its whale shark-like mouth. Responsible for collecting waste, the drone will begin operations in Dubai Marina in November after a year of trials with local partner Ecocoast.According to RanMarine, the WasteShark is available in both autonomous and remote- controlled models. Measuring just over five feet by three-and-a-half feet （1.5 meters by 1.1 meter）, it can carry up to 352 pounds of rubbish （159.6 kg） and has an operational battery life of 16 hours.By 2016 there were approximately 150 million tons of plastic in the world's oceans. One paper from December 2014 estimated that over a quarter of a million tons of ocean plastic pollution was afloat."WasteShark also has the abilities to gather air and water quality data, remove chemicals out of the water such as oil, and heavy metals, and scan the seabed to read its depth and outlines," said Oliver Cunningham, one of the co-founders of RanMarine. "Fitted with a collision-avoidance system, the drone uses laser imaging detection and ranging technology to detect an object in its path and stop or back up if the object approaches.""Our drones are designed to move through a water system, whether it's around the perimeter （周边） or through the city itself. The drones are that last line of defense between the city and the open ocean," added Cunningham. "WasteSharks are operating in Dubai, South Africa and the Netherlands and cost $ 17, 000 for the remote-controlled model and just under $ 23, 000 for the autonomous model."Dubai-based operator Ecocoast has two WasteShark drones. Co-founder Dana Liparts says they will clean waterfronts for clients including hotels and environmental authorities and that Ecocoast' intention is to have the collected rubbish recycled or upcycled. However, Liparts argues that cleaning waterways doesn't have a one-size-fits-all solution and requires a combination of new technology, preventative measures and changing people's attitudes towards littering.（1）What do we know about the WasteShark?A. It can frighten sharks away.B. It is an ocean explorer.C. It is a rubbish collector.D. It can catch fish instead of people.（2）What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us?A. The causes of ocean pollution.B. The dangers of using plastics.C. The severity of ocean garbage pollution.D. The importance of ocean protection.（3）What will the WasteShark do with an approaching object?A. Avoid crashing into it.B. Break it into pieces.C. Swallow it.D. Fly over it.（4）Which of the following ideas does Liparts agree with?A. The WasteShark should be used more widely.B. More measures should be taken to make water clean.C. The production cost of WasteSharks should be reduced.D. People should take a positive attitude to new technology.【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍一种水上无人机可以用于清理浮在水面上的垃圾。

(英语)英语阅读理解(科普环保)专项习题及答案解析

（英语）英语阅读理解(科普环保)专项习题及答案解析一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Supercomputers which can analyse blood samples and predict which patients are likely to become seriously ill could save tens of thousands of lives a year, it was revealed last night, according to The Daily Express.The artificial intelligence (AI) system, developed at University College London and set to be piloted in NHS hospitals later this year, will screen "at risk" patients so doctors can take early action to prevent death or serious illness. Prof Young, a consultant surgeon at Southend University Hospital, said: "I am so excited about this form of technology." Instead of people getting sick or dying because they are not picked up in time, this will allow us to step in earlier which will save lives and an enormous amount of money. "I think the potential of AI in healthcare like this is as big as the Industrial Revolution was—and signals a completely new example in the way we manage healthcare."The technology is the brainchild of Dr Vishal Nangalia, a consultant at the Royal Free Hospital in London. He used AI to analyse a billion stored blood samples from 20 different UK hospital trusts dating back up to 12 years. Computers assess blood test results by picking up subtle changes in red and white blood cells, suggesting a patient is going downhill.He found the technique forecast outcomes of patients with kidney problems with up to 95 per cent accuracy. Traditional methods highlighting serious patient concerns picked up as few as 16 percent of patients who went on to die. "This gives us the opportunity not only to save lives but to prevent serious illness, making the health service not only safer but more efficient." Prof Young said, "Instead of waiting for people to get worse, we will be able to treat them earlier."（1）What does the underlined phrase "screen" in Paragraph2 mean?A. comfortB. treatC. spotD. nurse（2）How do supercomputers help save lives?A. By storing blood samples.B. By analyzing patients' cases.C. By observing changes in blood cells.D. By assisting doctors with their operations.（3）Why did Professor Young mention the Industrial Revolution?A. To show the influence of AI.B. To stress the importance of health care.C. To introduce the topic of supercomputers.D. To present the achievement he has accomplished.（4）What do we know about the new technology?A. It helps patients recover earlier.B. It has helped save thousands of lives.C. It will promote the health service greatly.D. It is intended for patients with kidney diseases.【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍超级计算机能够分析血样并预测哪些病人可能会患上重病，每年可以挽救数万人的生命。

七年级环境保护英语阅读理解30题

七年级环境保护英语阅读理解30题1<背景文章>Environmental pollution is a serious problem that we are facing today. The air we breathe is polluted by factories, cars, and other sources. The water we drink is polluted by chemicals and waste. The soil we grow our food in is polluted by pesticides and fertilizers.Pollution has many negative effects on our health and the environment. It can cause diseases such as asthma, lung cancer, and heart disease. It can also harm plants and animals and destroy natural habitats.We need to take action to reduce pollution. We can do this by reducing our use of cars, recycling waste, and using less energy. We can also support companies that are environmentally friendly and lobby for stronger environmental laws.1. What is one of the negative effects of pollution?A. It makes the air cleaner.B. It helps plants grow better.C. It can cause diseases.D. It saves energy.答案：C。

英语阅读理解(科普环保)题20套(带答案)

英语阅读理解(科普环保)题20套(带答案)一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Throughout much of human history, man has been the measure of many, if not all, things. Lengths were divided up into feet and smaller units from the human hand. Other measures were equally characteristic. Mediterranean traders for centuries used the weight of grains of wheat to define (定义) their units of mass. The Romans used libra, forerunner of the pound, by referring to the weight of a carob (角豆树) seed.The sizes of similarly named units could also differ. The king's foot, used in France for nearly 1, 000 years after its introduction by Charlemagne in around 790 AD, was, at 32.5cm, around a centimeter shorter than the Belgic foot, used in England until 1300.Greek, Egyptian and Babylonian versions of water in a fixed container varied from one another by a few kilos, Nor was there agreement on such things within countries. In France, where there was no unified (统一的) measurement system at the national level, the situation was particularly terrible. The lieue (former measure of distance), for example, varied from just over 3 km in the north to nearly 6 km in the south.Although John Wilkins, an Englishman, first put forward a decimal system (十进制) of measurement in 1668, it was the French who in 1799 made it law. The Système International d'Unités (SI, or the metric system, as it is better known) developed from it and became the official measurement in all countries except Myanmar, Liberia and the United States. Now the International Bureau of Weights and Measures in Paris is set to give the metric system its biggest shake-up yet.At a meeting in Versailles, France, on November 16th, 2018, the world's measurement bodies are almost certain to approve a decision that will mean four out of the seven base SI units, including the kilogram, will follow the other three, including the metre, in being redefined in terms of the values of physical constants (物理常数).Each of the chosen constants has been measured incredibly precisely, which would mean that from May 20th2019 the constants will themselves be fixed at their current values for ever. Any laboratory in the world will then be able to measure, for example, the mass of an object as precisely as the accuracy of their equipment will allow.（1）What does Paragraph 1 mainly tell us?A.Pound went before libra in measurement.B.Different things used to be adopted as measures.C.Grains were accepted as measures by the Romans.D.Fixed measurement systems were gradually formed.（2）How does the author develop the second paragraph?A.In time order.B.By analysis.C.In space order.D.By comparison.（3）Which of the following countries used SI as an official measurement?A.France.B.Liberia.C.America.D.Myanmar.（4）What will the world's measurement bodies achieve at the meeting held in Versailles?A.They will come up with seven new SI units.B.They will set May 20th as a new international festival.C.They will redefine four SI units including the kilogram.D.They will decide on a new measure used in the laboratory.【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，法国凡尔赛宫举办的国际计量大会，将对目前使用的国际单位制中的四个基本单位进行重新定义，其中包括对千克的重新定义。

【英语】阅读理解(科普环保)练习题含答案

【英语】阅读理解(科普环保)练习题含答案一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Against the supposition that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia warm the climate, scientists have discovered that cooling may occur in areas where burnt trees allow more snow to mirror more sunlight into space.This finding suggests that taking steps to prevent northern forest to limit the release of greenhouse gases may warm the climate in northern regions. Usually large fires destroyed forestsin these areas over the past decade. Scientists predict that with climate warming, fires may occur more frequently over next several centuries as a result of a longer fire season. Sunlight taken inby the earth tends to cause warming, while heat mirrored back into space tends to cause cooling.This is the first study to analyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climate. Earlier studies by other scientists have suggested that fire in northern regions speed up climate warming because greenhouse gases from burning trees and plants are released into the atmosphere and thus trap heat.Scientists found that right after the fire, large amounts of greenhouse gases entered the atmosphere and caused warming. Ozone (臭氧) levels increased, and ash from the fire fell on far-off sea ice, darkening the surface and causing more radiation from the sun to be taken in. The following spring, however, the land within the area of the fire was brighter than before the fire, because fewer trees covered the ground. Snow on the ground mirrored more sunlight back into space, leading to cooling."We need to find out all possible ways to reduce the growth of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere." Scientists tracked the change in amount of radiation entering and leaving the climate system as a result of the fire, and found a measurement closely related to the global air temperature. Typically, fire in northern regions occurs in the same area every 80 to 150 years. Scientists, however, found that when fire occurs more frequently, more radiation is lost from the earth and cooling results. Specifically, they determined when fire returns 20 years earlier than predicated, 0.5 watts per square meter of area burned are soaked up by the earth from greenhouse gases, but 0.9 watts per square meter will be sent back into space. The net effect is cooling. Watts are used to measure the rate at which energy is gained or lost from the earth.（1）According to the new findings, taking steps to prevent northern forest fires may ________.A. result in a warming climateB. cause the forest fires to occur more frequentlyC. lead to a longer fire seasonD. protect the forests and the environment there（2）The following are all the immediate effects after a forest fire EXCEPT ________.A. large amounts of greenhouse gases enter the atmosphereB. the levels of ozone which is a type of oxygen increaseC. snow on the ground mirrors more sunlight back into spaceD. ashes from the fire fall on the ice surface and take in more radiation from the sun（3）Earlier studies about northern forest fires ________.A. analyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climateB. indicate that forest fires will pollute the atmosphereC. suggest that people should take measures to protect the environmentD. suggest that the fires will speed up climate warming（4）The underlined phrase "soak up" in the last paragraph most probably means ________.A. releasedB. absorbedC. createdD. distributed（5）From the passage we can draw a conclusion that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia may ________.A. warm the climate as the supposition goesB. allow more snow to reflect more sunlight into space and thus cool the climateC. destroy large areas of forests and pollute the far-off sea iceD. help to gain more energy rather than release more energy【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）D（4）B（5）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了阿拉斯加、加拿大和西伯利亚的森林大火使气候变暖，科学家们已经发现，在燃烧的树木允许更多的雪将更多的阳光反射到太空的地区可能会发生冷却。

初二环境保护英语阅读理解30题

初二环境保护英语阅读理解30题1<背景文章>Environmental pollution has become one of the most serious problems in the world today. There are mainly several types of environmental pollution, such as air pollution, water pollution, and soil pollution.Air pollution is mainly caused by the burning of fossil fuels like coal, oil, and gas in factories, vehicles, and power plants. The harmful substances released, such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter, can cause respiratory diseases like asthma and lung cancer in humans. In the ecosystem, it can harm plants by reducing the amount of sunlight they receive and can also acidify soils and waters.Water pollution is often the result of industrial waste disposal, agricultural runoff containing pesticides and fertilizers, and domestic sewage. Polluted water may contain heavy metals, chemicals, and pathogens. For humans, drinking contaminated water can lead to various diseases, including gastrointestinal diseases and some types of cancers. In the aquatic ecosystem, it can kill fish and other organisms, disrupt the food chain, and even cause the death of entire water bodies.Soil pollution is mainly due to industrial activities, improper wastedisposal, and over - use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Polluted soil can affect the growth of plants, reduce soil fertility, and contaminate the food chain. When plants absorb pollutants from the soil, these pollutants can enter the human body through the food we eat, causing potential health risks.In conclusion, environmental pollution has a wide - range of negative impacts on both human health and the ecosystem, and it is urgent for us to take measures to protect the environment.1. <问题1>What is one of the main causes of air pollution according to the article?A. Planting too many trees.B. The burning of fossil fuels.C. Recycling waste materials.D. Using solar energy.答案：B。

初三环境保护英语阅读理解30题

初三环境保护英语阅读理解30题1<背景文章>Global warming is one of the most serious issues facing our planet today. It is caused by a variety of factors. The burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas releases large amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Deforestation also plays a significant role as trees absorb carbon dioxide. Industrial activities and the increasing use of vehicles contribute to the problem as well.The effects of global warming are far-reaching. Rising sea levels threaten coastal areas and low-lying islands. Extreme weather events like hurricanes, floods, and droughts become more frequent. Changes in temperature and precipitation patterns can disrupt agriculture and affect food security. Species are forced to adapt or face extinction.To address global warming, several measures can be taken. We need to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels and transition to renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydro power. Improving energy efficiency in buildings and transportation can also help. Reforestation efforts can absorb carbon dioxide and restore ecosystems. Additionally, individuals can make a difference by conserving energy, reducing waste, and using public transportation.1. What are the main causes of global warming?A. Natural disasters.B. Burning of fossil fuels and deforestation.C. Overpopulation.D. Lack of technology.答案：B。

【英语】英语阅读理解(科普环保)练习题含答案及解析

【英语】英语阅读理解( 科普环保 ) 练习题含答案及分析一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、 B、 C 和 D）中，选出最正确选项。

A new study from brain researchers helps explain how the human brain evolved or changed over time, to permit people to speak and write.Michael Ullman, the lead researcher, a professor at Georgetown University Medical School in Washington, D.C, has been studying language learning for more than 20 years.Ullman says his research shows that the human brain does not have a special area or system for making language. Over time we have simply reused or co-opted ( 指派 ) parts of our brain for language. And those parts, he says, are ancient-older even than humans themselves."This study examines the theoretical framework (准则) that language is learned, stored and' processed in two ancient learning and memory systems in the brain."Ullman, Hamrick and the rest of the team looked at data from 16 other studies on language. They found that people learn language using two memory systems: declarative and procedural. Memorizing vocabulary, for example, is a declarative memory process. But learning grammar is, mostly, a procedural memory process."Declarative memory, in humans at least, is what we think of as learning memory', such as, 'Oh, remember what you said last night' or things like that. And procedural motor memory is what we often call motor memory' such as how you learn to ride a bicycle." Or, Ullman adds, "These procedural memory skills become so deeply leaned that we are no longer aware that we are doing them."However, Ullman explains that the two long-term memory systems can share tasks. And, he adds, the adult brain uses the systems to learn language a bit differently than a child's brain."Adult language learners of a second language may use their declarative memory for using grammar patterns. They think about it purposefully. For a child, the grammar may come more naturally. They don't have to think about the grammar rules before speaking."In addition to language learners, Ullman's study could help people who have a brain injury that affects speaking and writing. This knowledge can also help those who have learning disabilities such as dyslexia (阅读阻碍 ). People with dyslexia have difficulty recognizing words and symbols accurately.（1） How did Ullman study human's memory systems?（2） Which of the following is an example of "motor memory"?A. Learning to make a model plane.B. Remembering the grammar patternsC. Repeating what you heard.D. Memorizing what you read.（3） What does the underlined word "it" refer to?（4） What's the main idea of the text?A. Ullman has advanced our language understanding.B. A new research helps people learn a new language.C. Learning memory is more active than motor memory.D. Human beings learn language in pre human area of brain.【答案】（ 1） D（2） A（3） C（4） D【分析】【剖析】本文是一篇说明文，叙述Michael Ullman 和他的团队的研究称人类大脑前区的为语言学习区，由此解开了人类大脑进化过程之谜。

精选中考英语专项复习阅读理解科普环保类专

中考复习科普环保类专项练习一、阅读理解When you watch TV programs about wild animals, it is surprising to see how an antelope (羚羊) can run away from a strong lion. In the wilderness, everyone has his own way to protect himself. Even plants have their own ways to fight off enemies.Over millions of years, plants have developed their own defense system (防卫系统). Chemicals are fantastically used by plants to survive (幸存). By making their leaves, flowers, roots and fruits poisonous (有毒的) to enemies, plants can fight back. One such plant is the Golden Wattle tree. The British scientist David Cameron has found when an animal eats the tree’s leaves, the amount (数量) of poison increases in the other leaves. “It’s like the injured leaves telephoning the others to fight together agains t the enemy,” he said.The tree also sends defense messages to neighboring plants by giving out a special smell. Golden Wattle trees in the nearby 45 meters will get the message and produce more poison within 10 minutes. Now, if an enemy eats too many of the trees’ leaves, he will die.Every kind of plant or tree is good at producing a special set of chemicals. Herbivores, like rabbits, can safely eat the leaves of one tree, but they may be poisoned by its neighbor.In this way, plants have not only developed their own defense system, but also shared it with others. This makes it impossible for a single animal to destroy even a small area of forest.1．From the first 2 paragraphs, we can learn that _________.A. plants can do nothing against their enemiesB. chemicals are quite useful for plants to surviveC. an antelope can always run away from a strong lionD. leaves, roots, flowers and fruits of plants are poisonous2．If animals eat one Golden Wattle tree’s leaves, the tree can________.A. kill the animals with a special smellB. tell other trees to come to protect itC. warn other trees against the animals on the phoneD. send defense messages to the neighboring plants3．The underlined word “herbivores” in the 5th paragraph probably means animals which _____.A．produce poison B ．live on small animalsC．like to eat rabbitsD．feed on plants or grass4．The last paragraph of the passage suggests that this kind of defense system is ________.A．bad for animalsB．good for forestsC．helpful to some animals D．harmful to forests5．The passage is mainly about __________.A．the examples of protecting forestsB．the balance between animals and plantsC．the ways of plants fighting against enemiesD．the relationship between lions and antelopesQi Haoran, a Junior 1 student, was quite busy over the past winter vacation – and not just with homework. Qi, together with 10 other classmates made a volunteer group to call on people to join the Clean Your Plate Campaign (“光盘行动”).The 11 students went to many restaurants and told people the importance of saving food.“Excuse me, do you know that 950 million people around the world still haven’t got enough to eat? Please don’t waste food.” They would say this kind of thing hundreds of times every day.The Clean Your Plate Campaign began on the Internet in January. It calls on people to reduce food waste.China in these years had serious problems with wasted food. CCTV reported in January that the food Chinese people waste every year is enough to feed 200 million people for a year.Chinese people are well known for being hospitable (好客的) and generous（大方的）.Many even feel that they lose face if their guests have eaten all the food. Luckily, the campaign has got the support of many. In a restaurant in Xinjiang, the owner give the guests who have eaten all that they ordered a sticker (贴花).People can enjoy a free meal when they have 10 stickers. More than 750 restaurants in Beijing have begun to offer smaller dishes and encourage their guests to take leftovers (剩饭剩菜) home.To reduce food waste is a big task, and it needs time. It’s important that everyone does their bit, just like Qi. Did you finish your meals today?根据短文内容，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最恰当的答案。

(英语) 英语阅读理解(科普环保)专题练习(及答案)

（英语）英语阅读理解(科普环保)专题练习(及答案)一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读理解Kaitlin Woolley and Ayelet Fishbach report in Psychological Science that a meal taken "family-style" from a central plate can greatly improve the outcome of later negotiations.Having conducted previous research in 2017 revealing that eating similar foods led to people feeling emotionally closer to one another, Dr Woolley and Dr Fishbach wondered whether the way in which food was served also had a psychological effect. They theorized that, on the one hand, sharing food with other people might indicate food scarcity（短缺）and increase a feeling of competition. However, they also reasoned that it could instead lead people to become more aware of others' needs and drive cooperative behavior as a result. Curious to find out, they did a series of experiments.For the first test they recruited 100 pairs of participants from a local cafe, none of whom knew each other. The participants were seated at a table and fed tortilla chips with salsa. Half the pairs were given their own basket of 20 grams of chips and a bowl of 25 grams of salsa, and half were given 40 grams of chips and 50 grams of salsa to share. As a cover for the experiment, all participants were told this snack was to be consumed before the game began.The game asked the participants to negotiate an hourly wage rate during a fictional strike. Each person was randomly assigned to represent the union or management and follow a set of rules. The researchers measured cooperation by noting the number of rounds it took to reach an agreement, and found that those who shared food resolved the strike significantly faster（in 8. 7rounds）than those who did not（13.2 rounds）. A similar experiment was conducted with 104participants and Goldfish crackers（饼干）, this time negotiating an airline's route prices. The results were much the same, with the food-sharers negotiating successfully 63. 3%of the time and those who did not share doing so 42. 9%of the time.（1）What does the "family-style" meal in the report refer to？A. A meal taken at home.B. A meal shared with others.C. A meal consumed by oneself.D. A meal taken in a family atmosphere.（2）For what purpose did the researchers carry out the present experiments?A. To show the way food is served.B. To prove sharing food increases competition.C. To confirm sharing food can promote cooperation.D. To find out whether sharing food can get people close emotionally.（3）Why were participants asked to eat up the snack before the game?A. To add to their energy.B. To reward them for their participation.C. To hide the intention of the experiment.D. To avoid the distraction during the game.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了外交宴席的心理学，研究表明，从中间菜采取的“家庭式”餐，可以大大改善后续谈判的结果。

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中考英语阅读理解——科普环保类30例（68）
1、Air is all around us. At the time we are born, air is around us everywhere .We live in air.
All living things need air. Living things cannot live without air. We can go without food or water for a few days, but we can't live a few minutes without air. We take in air. When we are working, we need more air. When we are sleeping, we need less (少量的）air.
We live in air but we cannot see it. We can only feel it. We can feel it when it is moving. Moving air is called wind. How can you make air move? Here is one way. Take an open book in your hands in front of your face. Close it quickly. What can you feel? It is air.
根据短文内容，回答下列各题。

【小题1】Where is air?
【小题2】What do all living things need?
【小题3】What is moving air called?
【小题4】When do we need more air?
【小题5】Can we see air?
答案【小题1】It’s all around us.
【小题2】Air.
【小题3】Wind.
【小题4】Working./ When we are working.
【小题5】No, we can’t.
2、When US student Olivia Priedeman, 17, woke up one morning, she thought she had had a dream about making plans with a friend.
But it wasn’t a dream. Her phone showed that during the night, Priedeman had read a text message from her friend. She did it while she was fast asleep.
Reading and sending text messages while asleep—called “sleep。