第十三讲 连动式和兼语式的翻译 汉英翻译 教学用课件
汉语兼语句的翻译ppt课件
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兼语句的形式
一个汉语句子的谓语有一个动宾结构和一个主 谓结构套接在一起，动宾结构中的“宾语”兼 做主谓结构中的“主语”。
我请他们看电影
动宾 结构
主谓 结构
.
兼语句翻译总体原则
汉语兼语句在结构上类似于英语的复合宾语。 大多数的兼语句都采用英语总的复合宾语方式
来翻译。
The earthquake reduced many a house to ruins. You should keep the house clean and tidy. They are determined to make their voice heard.
(2).我怕老爷念经吃素，不喜欢我们伺候他。
I thought a religious man like the master wouldn’t like having a girl to wait on him
(3). 你真的不预备带我走么？
So you’ve made up your mind not to take me with you?
6. They regarded her as the right candidate for the National People’s Congress.
7. His sudden death made all his colleagues shocked.
8. We have a teacher who comes from England. 9. The teacher found many of the students’
.
汉语兼语句式翻译的主要方法
汉语 主谓结构
英语
非谓语动词( V+O+to do;
英汉语比较与翻译4 动词13年4月17日 2
英语中的及物动词必须带宾语，但在汉语中，只要语境信息 充足，常常省略宾语，特别是代词。 （例子看课本P28）
汉语动结式短语（P26)
汉语中真正允许及物和不及物变换的就是动结式短语。 动结式短语：动作+结果 拉长、缩短、提高、伸直、装满、打通、毒死、说清楚、洗 干净 这类词在译成英语时往往使用单个动词或动词短语，因为英 语中的单个动词就包含了过程和结果。 提高： 近几年，国务院几次发布文件，提高离退休人员的离退休金。 In recent years, the State Council has issued several documents to raise the retirement pay of retirees.
外语难学，非下功夫不可。 玻璃容易打碎。 这辆车开起来很快。 法语学起来很难。 西瓜籽剥起来很麻烦。 他的书翻译起来很容易。 素食馒头蒸起来很方便。 这个手续办起来特麻烦。 这类句子又被称作受事主语句，往往以一些附加成分为标志。 吕叔湘指出，“动词前面附有 “要、好、难、容易”等或 后面附有表可能性的“得、不”及“起来、上去、着” 等 附加成分”（吕叔湘《汉语语法论文集》1984 ）。汉语中 动句中最典型的“起来句”和“难易句” 。
汉语兼语式及其翻译
特点：谓语有两个动词，前一个动词的宾语是后一动词的主 语，前后两个动词的主语不同。 他叫我到这里来。 （1）把兼语式的第二个动词转化为英语的宾语补足语。
医生劝他好好休息。 The doctor advised him to take a good rest.
英语学习 连动式、兼语式
你时想叫我难堪吗？ 你时想叫我难堪吗？ Are you trying to embarrass me? 她有优美的歌声令听众们如痴如醉。 她有优美的歌声令听众们如痴如醉。 Her beautiful voice enraptured the audience. 他们保证让我随时了解情况。 他们保证让我随时了解情况。 They promised to keep me informed.
他们选我做足球队长。 他们选我做足球队长。 They elected me captain of the football team. 领导嘱咐（ 领导嘱咐（enjoin）他保守秘密。 ）他保守秘密。 The leader enjoined him to secrecy. 引座员领他到座位上。 引座员领他到座位上。 The usher took / guided him to his seat. pilot sb. through the museum
汉语兼语式
填报关表吧。 让我帮你填报关表吧。 Let me help you to fill out the customs declaration form. 她命令我明天一早六点钟准时出发。 她命令我明天一早六点钟准时出发。 She ordered me to set off at six o’clock early next morning.
称赞、批评、 称赞、批评、责备
评论家指责该书作者有剽窃行为。 评论家指责该书作者有剽窃行为。 The critic criticized the author of the book for plagiarism. 大家都称赞这出新戏有独创性。 大家都称赞这出新戏有独创性。 The new play was praised for its originality. commend sb.பைடு நூலகம்for/on sth. reprimand/ reproach / scold sb. for sth.
连系动词及其用法PPT课件
2.系动词的固定搭配
•6
状态变化系动词
多指朝坏的方面变化,
wrong, bad, mad, hungry, blind etc.
•7
come, get, fall, grow, turn, go, become,run ❖ 1.When we__g_r_o_w__up, we're going to help
interest for over an hour.
A. hold B. make C. improve D. receive •20
3. We have adjusted all the lights in the classrooms so that each room is well lit.
证明，证实，实义动词
2.He proved (to be) brave in the battle.
结果证明是，系动词
= He turned out (to be) brave.
A．C__an__y_o_u_p_r_o_v_e_i_t _to__m_e__?
你能向我证实它吗？
B．T_h_e__t_h_e_o_r_y__p_r_o_v_e__s_r_ig.ht
It seems/appears that he is watcing TV.
•13
❖Sb seems to be … ❖It seems that…
•14
常见连系动词的用法总结：
1. seem
2. become
seem (to be) +表语
become + noun.
seem to have done sth. become + adj.
英语学习连动式兼语式
英语学习连动式兼语式英语学习是一门涉及语法、词汇、听力、口语、阅读和写作等多方面的综合性学科。
在英语学习过程中，连动式和语式是两个非常重要的概念。
本文将详细介绍连动式和语式，并探讨它们在英语学习中的应用。
连动式是指两个或多个单词组合在一起，形成一个固定的短语或表达。
这些连动式在英语中使用非常频繁，掌握它们可以帮助我们更准确、流利地表达自己。
比如，"take care"（照顾、小心）、"make sense"（有道理）等都是很常见的连动式。
连动式的学习需要多读多背，逐渐培养对它们的熟悉度。
语式则是指一组单词、短语或句子的固定结构，用来表达特定的意思。
语式在英语中使用广泛，它们可以帮助我们更准确地表达自己的意思。
比如，"If I were you, I would..."（如果我是你的话，我会...）是表示建议的语式，"It's the first time that..."（这是我第一次...）是表示第一次经历的语式。
学习语式需要通过大量的阅读和实践，逐渐掌握它们的应用场景和固定结构。
在英语学习中，连动式和语式的应用十分重要。
它们可以丰富我们的表达，使我们的语言更加地道。
掌握连动式和语式可以帮助我们更流利地交流，并提高英语学习的效率。
然而，学习连动式和语式也存在一定的难点。
首先，连动式和语式数量众多，需要花费大量的时间和精力来学习和记忆。
其次，连动式和语式的应用需要具备一定的语感和语境感，这对于非母语学习者来说是一项挑战。
最后，不同的连动式和语式在不同的场景中有着不同的用法，需要我们通过实践和练习来熟悉和掌握。
为了更好地应用连动式和语式，我们可以采取一些有效的学习方法。
首先，通过大量的阅读来积累连动式和语式。
阅读不仅可以让我们接触到不同类型的连动式和语式，还可以帮助我们理解和记忆它们。
其次，我们可以通过模仿和仿写来提高对连动式和语式的熟练度。
连动式和兼语式的英文译法
她责备孩子迟迟不回家。 She reproached her child for staying out late.
2 ． 5 有时也可按照上下文和英语
习惯灵活翻译。 要使几亿人口的中国人民生活得 好…… … to ensure a better life for the several hundred million people of China…
我们必须使房子保持整洁。
We must keep the room clean and tidy. 什么事使你这么样激动？ What made you so excited?
有时还可以用名词。例如：
我们选他为区人民代表。
We elected him a deputy to the district people congress. 他们推他为领袖。 They made him their leader.
您叫我到哪儿去？
But where can I go? 小姐，我劝您少管闲事。 Young lady, you’d better mind your own business.
1、那晚天黑得伸手不见五指。 The night was too dark to see one’s hand in front of one’s face. 2、我们必须以高度的历史感和时代紧迫感，继续集中力量进行经 济建设。 With a high sense of responsibility for the nation and the people and awareness of urgency, we will concentrate on economic construction in the hope of further strengthening and developing the nation. 3、那位老妇人坐在窗前，凝视着树上那最后一片叶子，听它在寒 风中瑟瑟呻吟。 Sitting by the window, the old woman gazed at the last leaf on the tree, listening to its groan in the bitter wind.
第十三讲 连动式和兼语式的翻译 汉英翻译 教学用课件
6) 我也茫茫然跟着旋转。 I was caught, blankly, in his revolution. 7) 我乘船到外婆家去。 I went to visit my grandma by boat. 8) 弟弟拿废木料做工具箱。 My brother made a tool case with the waste
（三）将兼语式句子中的第二个动词译为状语 1、指挥员表扬他有勇气。
The commander praised him for his courage. 2、她责备孩子迟迟不回家。
She reproached her child for staying out late. 3、那位评论家指责该书作者有剽窃行为。 4、报上批评这位作家没有真实地反映生活。
让我帮你填报关表吧。 去散步。 他回房间去取钥匙。
Let me help you to fill the customs declaration form.
Go for a walk. He went back to his room for the key.
表示方式状态的的连动式句子可以将其中一个动词译 为分词或介词短语做方式状语或伴随状语。例如：
一、连动式句子的翻译
汉语连动式句子，有的只表示动作行为的先后， 有的表示目的与手段，有的则表示方式状态。
二、兼语式句子的翻译
表示先后词语的连动式可以译为动词谓语用and连接， 也可以将其中一个动词译为分词短语结构。例如：
他把书接过来摆在膝盖上。 He took the book and laid it on his lap. 他的朋友阻止道：“不可性急。” His friend checked him and said: “Hold your
汉语连动式和兼语式
汉语连动式和兼语式哎呀，说起汉语中的连动式和兼语式，这可真是有意思极啦！就先拿连动式来说吧，比如说“我去商店买文具”，这里面“去商店”和“买文具”就是两个连续的动作，像这样的句子在我们生活中那是随处可见。
比如说“他跑回家拿书包”“妈妈走进厨房做饭”。
这就好比我们跑步，一步接着一步，中间没有停顿，顺畅得很！再讲讲兼语式，“老师叫我去办公室”，这里的“我”既做了“叫”的宾语，又做了“去办公室”的主语，是不是很神奇？就像一个人同时参加两场比赛，身兼数职呀！像“妈妈让我帮忙做家务”“爸爸派哥哥去送东西”，都是这样的例子。
有一次上课，老师在讲台上讲连动式和兼语式，好多同学都听得云里雾里的。
我同桌小声跟我说：“这也太难懂了吧，我都快晕啦！”我倒是觉得挺有趣的，就跟他说：“别着急，咱们多听听老师讲，多琢磨琢磨就明白啦！”老师为了让我们更清楚地理解，还举了好多例子。
她问我们：“‘我打开书包拿书’这是不是连动式呀？”大家七嘴八舌地回答，有的说是，有的说不是。
最后老师笑着说：“这就是连动式，‘打开书包’和‘拿书’是连着的动作哟。
”还有一次，我和小伙伴们一起写作业，有个题目是让我们判断句子是连动式还是兼语式。
我一看，“爷爷叫孙子去买糖”，我一下子就说是兼语式，小伙伴们还不太确定，我就给他们解释：“你们看，‘孙子’既被爷爷叫，又要去买糖，这就是兼语式呀！”他们恍然大悟，都说我厉害。
我觉得呀，连动式和兼语式就像是汉语这个大花园里的两朵特别的花，它们让我们的语言变得更加丰富多彩。
要是没有它们，那我们说话、写文章得多单调呀！所以说，学好连动式和兼语式，对我们的语文学习可太重要啦！总之，连动式和兼语式虽然有点复杂，但只要我们用心去学，多练习，就能掌握好，让我们的汉语表达更准确、更生动！。
汉语连动式兼语式的英译
▪ Young lady, you’d better mind your own business.
▪ 你妈妈叫你马上回去。
▪ Your mother wants you back home at once.
▪ 我们必须使房子保持整洁。 ▪ We must keep the room clean and tidy.
▪ 什么事使你这么样激动？ ▪ What made you so excited?
▪ 有时还可以用名词。例：
▪ 然后根据英语的特点，将表示主从
关系的连动式里的主要动词译成英
语的谓语，将其他动词译成不定式、
分词、介词或介词短语。 ▪ 如果连动式里的几个动词只表示动作
先后关系，则按动作发生的先后， 译成几个并列的谓语动词。
第7页，此课件共35页哦
连动式的几种译法：
▪ 表示先后关系的连动式:
▪ 1)通常将几个动词都译成并列的谓语动词，按 原文中的先后顺序，用and加以连接。
▪ 这真叫我吃惊！ ▪ It did surprise me! ▪ 这会使孩子们高兴的。 ▪ That will please the children.
第22页，此课件共35页哦
▪ 再如：
▪ 这暴行使全世界公众舆论感到震惊。 ▪ This outrage shocked the world opinion. ▪ 经济的腾飞使中国在国际事务中发挥着越来
▪ 我们选他为区人大代表。 ▪ We elected him a deputy to the district people
大学英语-翻译课件-汉英翻译之词类转换
5 汉语名词转化为英语形容词：
他有口才，有风Байду номын сангаас。
He was eloquent and elegant.
冰的密度比水小。
Ice is not as dense as water.
EXE:
两国经贸领域的互补性很强，双方可以彼此分 享巨大的市场。
The two countries are highly
1 他在战斗中表现突出， 1 He was commended by
受到连长(company
the company commander
commander)的表扬。
for his distinguished
2 只要看一眼这封信，
performance in the battle.
你就会明白你上当了。 2 A glance at this letter
will convince you that
you have been taken in.
3 看到我们的喷气
式飞机，听见隆隆的声
音，令我特别神往。
5 The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.
4 在使用电脑时，
9 他得出这一结论是深 思熟虑的结果。
8 No violation of this principle can be tolerated.
9 The turning point of my life was my decision to give up promising business career and study music.
complementary in economic and trade areas,
lecuter12连动&兼语式
Keys to In-class Practice (1)
1. He dashed into the meeting room and shouted at the top of his voice. 2. Yesterday he came to see you. 3. As early as in 1938 he went to Yan’an to study. 4. Last year I went home with my brother to visit our mother. 5. She had finished washing. Seated on a stone beside the stream, she wiped her perspiring face with her tunic.
概述
• 在汉语中有连谓句词组充当谓语的句子叫做连谓 句。所谓连谓句词组就是两个或两个以上的谓语 性词语连用，在意义上每个谓语性词语都能与同 一个主语发生主谓关系，谓语性词语之间没有语 音停顿，也没有关联词语连接。 • 英语与汉语不同，在一个句子中，除了并列谓语 以外，一般只有一个谓语动词，其他均以动词的 非谓语形式出现。形容词也不能单独做谓语。所 以在翻译这类连谓句时，一定要根据英语句法结 构和表达习惯，采用灵活多样的方法翻译。
• • •
将前一个动词译为谓语，而将后一个动 词译成不定式短语在句中做目的状语； 将前后两个动词并列谓语形式译出； 趋向动词“去“后所连接的某些动词， 可以用 “to go doing” 的结构译出。
• 招商代表团吸引了许多东南亚客商来新加坡 洽谈项目。 • The delegation of inviting investment has attracted many businessmen from Southeast Asia to Singapore to hold talks on different projects. • 晚饭后，他们通常要出去遛一遛。 • After supper, they often go out and have a walk. • 暑假里我们通常在周日去游泳。 • We often go swimming on Sundays during summer vacations.
汉语连动句及其英译
②英语中的一部分副词，按照汉语的 对应词来理解，也是具有动作意义的。最 形象的要数 akimbo（双手叉腰）这词。 如：He stood there akimbo. 他系 动词 短 语作 谓
语的区别
连动句的辨别
连动句
并列关系动词短 语作谓语
动词或动词短语之 动词或动词短语
间有目的、方式、 之间是平等的组
先后等关系。如“他 合关系。如“他天
天天上街买菜。（” “上 天读书写字。（” “读
街”的目的是“买菜”） 书”和“写字”平等
汉语的连动意义。如： ⒆ Faced by a failure of credit, they
have proposed only the lending of more money. Stripped of the lure of profit by which they induce our people to follow their false leadership, they have resorted to exhortation, pleading tearfully for restored confidence. 面对信贷的失败，他 们只是提议借出更多的钱。没有了当诱饵 引诱，人民追随他们的错误领导的金钱， 他们只得求助于讲道，含泪祈求人民重新 给予他们信心。
作者简介：孟娜佳(1978- )，女，讲师，文学- 8硕0士- 学位，研究方向：英汉对比与翻译。
高 教 论 坛 GAOJIAOLUNTAN
这种句式就称之为连动句。如： ⑵我们来搞社会调查。 ⑶老师站着讲课。 ⑷阿敏站起来发言。 周志培老师在其《汉英对比与翻译中
汉语兼语式的英译处理讲解
4.将主谓结构用介词短语译出
$
• 检票员领他到座位上。
The usher took him to his seat.
他们组织工人参加了工会。
They have organized the workers into trade unions.
基督教徒认为耶稣是救世主。
Christians regard Jesus as the redeemer.
为是再告诉你一声，怕她一着急，把我的话忘了。
I’m telling you again in case she feels anxious and
forgets.
8.将主谓结构按照英语习惯用法译出
由于英语中有大量含有“促成”意义的动词，所 以当汉语兼语句的第一个动词有“使动”含义的
$
动词如“叫”“让”“使”等时，往往只翻译后
2、将主谓结构用名词译出
$
• 人们都认为他是个天才。
People all consider him a genius.
consider sb. n.
他们选举他为队长。
They elected him captain. elect sb. n.
他们任命这位姑娘为公司的副董事。
nominate sb. n
国际奥委会选定这个城市为下界奥运会的会址。
The International Olympic Committee has selected this city as the site for the coming Olympic Games.
6.将主谓结构用并列分句译出
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Translating subject-predicate structure into coordinate clauses
英汉汉英翻译课件PPT幻灯片
20
翻译中的选词和选义 Die & “死
”
To go to sleep To be no more To close one’s eyes To lay down one’s life To pass away To breathe one’s last To go west To come to a violent death To give up the ghost To kick the bucket To kick up one’s heels To release souls from
译：1）这是一位举止得体的姑娘。（不宜译成：有好举止的姑娘） 2）这些都被标为新鲜的鸡蛋。（不宜译成：好鸡蛋） 3）狗经常被认为是人们的忠实朋友。（不宜译成：好朋友） 4）纳赛尔是个高明的棋手。（不宜译成：好棋手）
18
词的搭配意义 ——“sophisticated”
Sophisticated man Sophisticated woman Sophisticated columnist Sophisticated electronic device Sophisticated man weapon
出席会议的有4国政府的首脑。
16
一词多译 “man”
Man and wife Officers and men His man Friday Man-of-war Be a man!
丈夫和妻子 官和兵 他的仆人“礼拜五” 战舰 要像个男子汉！
17
一词多译 “good”
14
一词多译 “head”
1) He was badly wounded in the head. 2) You should use your head a bit. 3) He has a good head for mathematics. 4) The dinner cost us five dollars a head. 5) He was standing at the end of the staircase. 6) Let’s discuss the question under five heads. 7) Heads or tails? 8) Where is the head? 9) Go and ask the head of our department. 10) Present at the meeting were the heads of government of the four
英语学习连动式兼语式
英语学习连动式兼语式The Continuous and Progressive Tenses in English LearningEnglish learners often encounter difficulties when trying to understand and use the continuous and progressive tenses in English grammar. These verb forms, also known as the present continuous, past continuous, future continuous, and present perfect continuous tenses, are essential for expressing ongoing actions, future plans, and durations. In this article, we will explore the features and usage of the continuous and progressive tenses in English, providing learners with a comprehensive understanding of these important verb forms.The continuous and progressive tenses are characterized by the combination of a main verb and a form of the auxiliary verb "to be". The present continuous tense is used to express actions happening at the moment, while the past continuous tense denotes actions that were ongoing in the past. For example, in the sentence "I am studying English now," "am studying" is the present continuous tense, indicating the action of studying that is happening at the present time. Similarly, in the sentence "She was reading a book when I called her," "was reading" represents the past continuous tense, conveying the ongoing action of reading at a specific moment in the past.The future continuous tense, on the other hand, is employed to express actions that will be occurring in the future, and it is formed by using "will be" or "shall be" with the present participle of the main verb. For instance, "I will be travelling to London next week" indicates the future action of travelling that will be in progress during the specified time frame.In addition to the three aforementioned tenses, there is also the present perfect continuous tense, which represents actions that started in the past, continued into the present, and may still continue in the future. This tense is constructed using "have been" or "has been" with the present participle of the main verb. For example, in the sentence "She has been working as a teacher for five years," "has been working" indicates the ongoing action of working as a teacher that started in the past and is still relevant in the present.The continuous and progressive tenses are particularly useful in English because they allow us to provide more detailed information about actions and events. In contrast to the simple tenses, which express general statements or habitual actions, the continuous and progressive tenses emphasize the duration, temporal placement, and ongoing nature of actions. For example, in the sentence "I am reading a book," the present continuous tense implies that the action of reading is happening now, indicating its current relevance. Similarly, by using the past continuous tense in the sentence "He was playing the piano when I arrived," we understand that the action of playing the piano started before the arrival and continued afterward.In terms of verb usage, the continuous and progressive tenses are commonly employed to describe temporary actions, ongoing situations, and activities that are in progress. Additionally, these tenses are useful for talking about future plans and predictions. For example, "I am meeting my friends for dinner tonight" expresses a future plan, while "It will be raining tomorrow" denotes a future prediction. By utilizing the continuous and progressive tenses, we can express nuances and provide more context to our statements.In conclusion, the continuous and progressive tenses play a vital role in English grammar as they allow us to express ongoing actions, durations, and future plans. By mastering the features and usage of these verb forms, English learners can enhance their language skills and effectively convey their intended meaning. Whether it is the present continuous tense, past continuous tense, future continuous tense, or present perfect continuous tense, understanding and utilizing these verb forms will enable learners to communicate with precision and clarity, elevating their overall fluency in English.。
连动式的翻译
动词词组1 动词词组2 a. 主‖动1／动词词组1＋动2／动词词组2； 动词词组2 b. 主‖“来／去”＋动2／动词词组2； 来 动词词组2 c. 主‖“来／去”＋宾＋动2／动词词组2， 来 d.主 动词词组1 表示工具、手段、材料等］＋ ］＋动 d.主‖动1／动词词组1［表示工具、手段、材料等］＋动2 动词词组2 ／动词词组2 该关系中，前面三种情况我们一般都可以用动词带to不定式 该关系中，前面三种情况我们一般都可以用动词带to不定式 to 来表示目的。而最后一种情况， 来表示目的。而最后一种情况，因为第一个动词所带的 宾语表示工具，手段和材料，所以这种情况下， 宾语表示工具，手段和材料，所以这种情况下，我们一 般就将它用介词词组来翻译。 介词词组来翻译 般就将它用介词词组来翻译。如：
如果是条件关系， 如果是条件关系，我们就可以根据 英语的表达习惯，翻译成条件状 英语的表达习惯，翻译成条件状 语从句或者是时间状语从句， 语从句或者是时间状语从句，当 然也可以用一些表示时间或者条 表示时间或者 然也可以用一些表示时间或者条 件的介词短语或者分词短语来表 件的介词短语或者分词短语来表 示。
10) 论文我们写完了就交。 论文我们写完了就交。 paper, If we finish the paper, we will hand it in. 他们等天黑再走。 11) 他们等天黑再走。 won’t dark. They won t go until it gets dark. 离开时把钥匙交给服务台的工作人员。 12) 离开时把钥匙交给服务台的工作人员。 departure, Upon your departure, give your key to the desk clerk.
总的来说， 总的来说，汉语双项连动句翻译成英语 时的一般情况如下表所示： 时的一般情况如下表所示：
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6) 我也茫茫然跟着旋转。 I was caught, blankly, in his revolution. 7) 我乘船到外婆家去。 I went to visit my grandma by boat. 8) 弟弟拿废木料做工具箱。 My brother made a tool case with the waste
5) 等我睁开眼和太阳再见，这算又溜走了一日。 我掩面叹息。
The moment I opened my eyes and met the sun again, one whole day had gone. I buried my face in mቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ hands and heaved a sigh.
Wondering what to do next, she gazed at the leaping tongues of flame with her lips bitten.
She, wondering what to do next, bit her lips, gazing at the leaping tongues of flame.
It was an early spring afternoon, I, like a tramp, picking up my luggage, came to Guangzhou airport.
4) 老师站着讲课。
The teacher, standing, gave us a lesson.
The critic criticized the author of the book for plagiarism. Newspaper criticized the author because he failed to present a true picture of life in his works.
（三）将兼语式句子中的第二个动词译为状语 1、指挥员表扬他有勇气。
The commander praised him for his courage. 2、她责备孩子迟迟不回家。
She reproached her child for staying out late. 3、那位评论家指责该书作者有剽窃行为。 4、报上批评这位作家没有真实地反映生活。
his hand. We should come forward in defense of truth. He stood at the door, grinning.
1) 她咬着嘴唇望着跳动的火苗盘算着下一步该怎 么办。
Gazing at the leaping tongues of flame, she was wondering what to do next with her lips bitten.
二、兼语式句子的翻译
表示方式状态的的连动式句子可以将其中一个动词译 为分词或介词短语做方式状语或伴随状语。例如：
他们热烈鼓掌欢迎来宾。 They welcomed the guests with warm applause. 不久，他捧着那本书回来了。 我们应当起来捍卫真理。 他站在门口笑。 Very soon, he came back, holding that book in
desk clerk.
（一）用英语“SVOC”句型翻译 1、虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。
Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 2、他迫使对方处于守势。 He drove his opponent into a defensive position. 3、我觉得房子在摇动。 4、我们推他为领袖。 5、空姐应使自己时刻保持镇静、热情。 I felt the house shaking.
2) 阿敏站起来发言。
Amin stood up and delivered a speech.
Amin stood up to deliver a speech.
3)那是一个初春的下午，游子般的我又提起行李来 到广州机场。
It was an early spring afternoon, I, like a tramp, picked up my luggage and came to Guangzhou airport.
2、她优美的歌声令听众如痴如醉。
The singer’s beautiful voice enraptured the audience.
3、这些项目具有技术起点高、经济效益好、市场潜力 大、发展后劲足等特点，能够使投资者获得可观的效 益。
With a solid technical basis, sound economic efficiency, great market potential and bright prospects, these projects will secure good economic results for the investors.
wood. 9) 论文我们写完了就交。 If we finish the paper, we will hand it in. 10) 他们等天黑再走。 They won’t go until it gets dark. 11) 离开时把钥匙交给服务台的工作人员。 Upon your departure, give your key to the
We made him our leader.
A stewardess should try to stay calm and courteous at all time.
（二）用使动意义的词翻译
1、这暴行使全世界公众舆论感到震惊。 This outrage shocked the world opinion.
第十三讲 连动式和兼语式的翻译
多个动词连用，中间不使用连接词，是汉语语 言特点之一。这在英语中是不存在的。
汉语两个或两个以上的动词连用构成复杂谓语。 这类复杂谓语可分为两类：连动式和兼语式。 现就这两类句子的英译分别进行讨论。
一、连动式句子的翻译
汉语连动式句子，有的只表示动作行为的先后， 有的表示目的与手段，有的则表示方式状态。