初中英语从句时态
初中英语语法：6大词性、8大时态和3大从句
初中英语语法：6大词性、8大时态和3大从句初中英语语法：6大词性、8大时态和3大从句一. 词法1. 名词(1)名词的可数与不可数可数名词指表示的人或事物可以用数来计量，它有单数与复数两种形式。
不可数名词指所表示的事物不能用数来计量。
物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目，来统计，都成为不可数名词。
不可数名词前一般不能用冠词a、an来表示数量，没有复数形式。
要表示“一个……”这一概念，就须加a piece of这一类短语。
要注意许多名词在汉语里看来是可数名词，在英语里却不可数。
如：chalk，paper，bread，rice，grass，news等。
(2)名词复数的规则变化A.一般情况下加-s。
B.以s, x, ch, sh, 结尾的加-esC.以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i再加-esD.以f，fe结尾的，去掉f或fe，变成v再加-es(3)名词的所有格A. 单数名词词尾加’s，复数名词词尾若没有s，也要加’s。
如：the worker's bike，the Children’ s ballB. 表示几个人共有一样东西，只需在最后一个人的名字后加’ s若表示各自所有，则需在各个名字后’ s。
如：This is Lucy and Licy’ s room.These are Kate's and jack’ s rooms.C. 如果是通过在词尾加—s构成的复数形式的名词，只加’。
如：the students’ books，the girls’ blouses(另外：名词+of+名词名词是有生命的，我们就用’s结构来表示所有关系。
如果名词所表示的事物是无生命的，我们就要用名词+of+名词的结构来表示所有关系。
)2. 代词人称代词，物主代词，反身代词，指示代词，不定代词(1)人称代词第一人称单数I me my mine myself复数 we us our ours ourselves第二人称单数 you you your yours yourself复数 you you your yours yourselves第三人称单数 he him his his himselfshe her her hers herselfit it its its itself复数 they them their theirs themselves(2)物主代词物主代词的用法：形容词性物主代词后面一定要跟上一个名词;名词性物主代词可作主语、表语、宾语。
初中英语语法时间状语从句
他家，他都出去了。
时间状语从句
4>.表示持续性或瞬间性 主要连词有:since(自从)，ever since(自从)，until(直到…
才)，till(直到…才、为止) 常用句型:it is/was…since… It is just a week since we arrived here.我们到这儿正好一个
时间状语从句
1>.表示同性时，既主从句的谓语动作同时发生或几乎 同时发生。
其连词有:when(当…的时候)，while(当…的时 候),as(当…的时候)，once(一旦…)，as soon as(一… 就…)，the time(当…的时刻)，the monent(当…的时刻)， by the time(到…时候为止)，next time(下次)，the first time(第一次…的时候)，the last time(上次…的时候)， immediately(一…就…)，instantly(一…就…)， directly(一…就…)，以下关联词引起的句子中，前面 常用过去完成时，后面用一般过去时， hardly/scarcely…when…(刚…就…)，no sooner…than…(刚…就…)。
时间状语从句
(2)it is/was/will be…before… 要过多久才…… It isn’t/wasn’t/won’t be…before… 没有过多久
就…… It will be another five days before we finish this task.还要
孩子睡觉了以后她开始备课。(从句的动作发生在 从句的动作之前，所以从句用了过去完成时)
【初中英语】初中英语语法大全之状语从句时态类型
【初中英语】初中英语语法大全之状语从句时态类型
【—之状语从句时态类型】下面是老师为同学们带来的对状语从句的时态说明及常态类型，供同学们参考。
1、时态说明
1）在时间和条件状语从句中，通常必须用通常现在时则表示将来意义，而无法轻易采用将来时态：
iwon’tgoifitrainstomorrow.要是明天下雨，我就不去。
(不能用willrain)
2）有时也可以看见ifyouwill这样的观点，但那不是将来时态，而是则表示意愿或直截了当的命令(此时的will就是情态动词)：
ifyouwillwaitamoment,i’llfetchthemoney.请等一下，我就去拿钱。
2、常用类型
状语从句即指在主从复合句中用作状语的从句。
状语从句根据其用途可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、条件状语从句、方式状语从句等：
hewasangrybecauseiwaslate.他很生气因为我耽误了。
(原因状语从句) hewassoangrythathecouldn’tspeak.他气得话都说不出来。
(结果状语从句)
althoughheispoor,he’shappy.虽然愁，但他仍很欢乐。
(妥协状语从句)
putitwhereyoucanreachit.把它放在你可以拿到的地方。
(地点状语从句)
speakclearlysothattheymayunderstandyou.讲清楚些，以便他们能够认知你。
(目的状语从句)
对于上述老师为同学们带来的这些，同学们都懂了吗？如果还有不懂的可以参考！。
初中英语语法三大从句
初中英语语法三大从句在初中英语中，主要有三大从句，即宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句(包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等)。
小编今天跟大家分享的就是这三个从句的主要语法点，赶快看起来吧!初中英语语法三大从句宾语从句一、定义在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。
二、连接词that: I think that you can pass the exam.Whether/if: I don’t know what the word means.“Wh”: I don’t know what the word means.I don’t know where he found the book.只用whether的情况：1. 与or not连用：I don’t know whether it’s raining or not.2. 与动词不定式连用：He doesn’t know whether to accept the invit ation.3. 连接词前有介词时：It depends on whether he is coming.三、时态1. 主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定(各种时态均可)She wants to know what he has done for the exam.2.主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。
1)She said that she was a student.2)She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.3)She said that she had finished her homework already.3. 如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.定语从句一、定义在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句。
初中英语时态定语从句宾语从句
动词的时态一、一般现在时态1.构成: (1) be: am/is/are (2) do: do/does2.用法:（1）表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。
与often, always, usually, sometimes,once a week, every day 等表示频度的副词或时间状语连用。
(2)表示客观事实或普遍真理。
(3)在时间、条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。
eg: If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go to the park.(4)在某些以here, there开头的句子用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作。
eg: There goes the bell.3.与一般现在时连用的时间状语(1)表示频度的副词：always, often, usually, sometimes等。
(2) on Sunday, on Monday morning, every day,in the morning, at night, every year等。
(3) once a year, twice a month, three times a week等表示频率的短语。
二、一般过去时态1.构成：（1）be: was/were (2) do: did2.用法：（1）表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
(2) 表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作.（过去常常做某事也可用used to do sth.来表示)3.与一般过去时连用的时间状语：last night, yesterday,last week, some years ago, in 1995, in the past, the other day, just now,at that time 等。
注意：有一些容易变化错误的单词，如：prefer→preferred, fix→fixed, mix→mixed三一般将来时1构成（1）will ＋be/do(2) be going to ＋be/do2.用法：（1）will ＋be/do 的用法①表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。
初中英语主句从句时态关系例句
初中英语主句从句时态关系例句宾语从句中，从句谓语动词的时态要与主句谓语动词的时态相呼应，主要体现在三个方面：1.主句的谓语动词是一般将来时、一般现在时或主句是祈使句时，从句的谓语动词根据实际情况选用具体的时态。
例如：It’s reported that Nanjing South Railway Station at the end of this month. （2011南京）A.has been completedB.is completedC.was completedD.will be completed此题中，从句的时间状语表示将来at the end of this month,主句又为现在时，故从句用将来时。
2.主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，从句的时态要相应地使用与过去相对应的时态，即一般将来时与过去将来时，一般现在时与一般过去时，现在完成时与过去完成时相对应。
例如：The woman asked the policeman where＿＿.（2011重庆）A.the post officeB.the post office wasC.is the post officeD.was the post office 这道考题中，主句动词时态用了过去时，故从句应由原来的一般现在时改为一般过去时。
另外，有必要注意两个特殊的词would和could，它们常出现在中考题中。
would和could 经常用于表示客气、委婉的语气，不表示过去，从句时态应根据实际情况而定。
例如：（1）—Excuse me,I want to go to the 21st National BookExpo(展览会).Could you tell me＿＿?—Sure.It is at No.3 Changjiang Road in Harbin.（2011哈尔滨）A.where it isB.where it wasC.where is it（2）—Would you please tell me＿＿?—At 10:00 this evening.（2010福建晋江）A.when will the train leaveB.when the train will leaveC.when does the train leave3.如果从句反映的是科学事实、客观真理、名言警句时，时态一律都是一般现在时，不管主句用什么时态。
【推荐】初中英语8大时态+3大从句
初中英语8大时态+3大从句1八种基本时态一般现在时概念：表示经常发生的动作或经常存在的状态。
常和 always , often , usually , sometimes , every day 等表时间的状语连用。
如：1) I go to school every day . 我每天都去学校。
(表经常)2) He is always like that . 他总是那样。
(表状态)构成：1) 主语 + be (am / are / is ) +……2) 主语 + 实义动词/三单动词 + ……一般过去时概念：1) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
常和表示过去的时间状语连用. 如: yesterday , last week , in 1998 , two days ago等。
如: I went to a movie yesterday. 我昨天去看了一场电影。
2) 也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
如 He always went to work by bike last week.构成：1) 主语 + be (was / were ) +……2) 主语 + 实义动词过去式 +……现在进行时概念：表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。
如: He is singing.They are watching TV now.构成：主语 + 助动词be(am/are/is) + 动词-ing形式构成。
过去进行时概念：表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。
这一特定的过去时间除了有上下文暗示外，一般用时间状语来表示。
如：1) What were you doing?I was jumping.2) What was the boy doing when the UFO arrived?He was sleeping.构成：主语 + 助动词be(was/were) + 动词-ing形式构成.一般将来时概念：表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow， next week， next year， in the future等。
(完整版)初中英语从句时态
1. 宾语从句：1 . 主句假设是一般现在时, 从句根据实际情况用适当时态.He says 〔that〕 he will have a walk soon.The teacher asks who is the cleverest in the school.I want to know who came here late this morning.2 .主句假设是一般过去时,从句也要用过去时.He wondered if I would come. She told me that her son had got well.She said that she liked watching TV. We thought Jim was wrong.3 .无论主句是何时态,从句假设表客观真理,要用一般现在时.Mr. Li said the moon is smaller than the earth.4 宾语从句无论有何引导词,都要用陈述句语序.Could you tell me when you will get back to Wuhan?〔不是will you 〕Do you know which sweater she is wearing? 〔不是is she〕2.状语从句：1 主句假设是一般将来时、祈使句或含不表过去的情态动词等,那么if〔如果〕,unless〔除非〕,when〔当•…的时候〕,as soon as「…就•••〕, before, after, until, till, as〔当••的时候〕所引导的状语从句用一般现在时.You may take a rest when you finish doing your work.I will call you up if I leave for Shanghai next week.Wait for your brother at the bus station until he arrives.2 而主句假设是一般过去时,从句也要用过去时,如：I would give the money to the charity if I had a million dollars.When he got to the park, his classmates had left.My son ran towards me as soon as he saw me on the street.3 .定语从句：关系代词who 只指人, which 只指物. that既可指人又可指物. whose 后必须跟有名词,既指人,也可指物.关系词作主语时,不可省略, 作宾语时可省略. whom只指人, 只作宾语. 关系副词where 指“在那里〞, when 指“在那时〞.She is a girl who/that is beautiful and kind-hearted.She is a girl (who/whom/that) I know very well.That boy whosehair is very long is my brother. ( 所属)The girl whois tall is my sister. / I own a bike whoseprice is high.I bought a watch (which/that) I paid 100 yuan for. (指物)I prefer a place which/thatis clean and quiet.I prefer a place whereI can live a quiet life. (在这儿)I shall never forget the day whena boy helped me find my dog.4 .wish 和hope:1wish 可接to do sth. /sb to do sth. /that从句.I wish to spend my summer holiday in Qingdao.I wish youto join my party this Sunday.I wish (that) I could be a scientist.2hope 接to do sth. 或that 从句. 但不接sb to do sth.I hope to receive a letter from you some day.I hope 〔that〕 everything goes well. /I hope you will get well soon.5 .thanks for 和thanks to: Thanks for your helping me with the work.〔表达对对方为自己做了某事的感谢, 后无补充的结果. 〕Thanks to your suggestion, I didn ’ t make such mistakes.〔表达感谢由于某方所做的有利的事,出现了后面的结果. 〕6 .感官动词用法之一：see, hear, listen to, watch, notice,feel 等词,后接宾语,再接动词原形/ 动词ing, 分别表示全过程和正在进行.句中有频率词时,以上的词也常跟动词原形.I heard someone knocking at the door when I fell asleep.〔正进行〕I heard someone knock at the door three times. 听的是全〔过程〕I often watch my classmates play volleyball after school.〔频率词〕假设以上词用于被动语态, 后面原有动词原形改为带to 不定式：We saw him go into the restaurant with his wife. fHe was seen to go into the restaurant with his wife.7 .感官动词用法之二：look, sound, smell, taste, feel 可当系动词,后接形容词. He looks . It sounds good. The flowerssmell beauti l. The sweets taste sweet. The silk feels soft. I felt tired.这些动词不用于被动语态. The sweets are tasted sweet.是错误的.注意：如果加介词like, 那么后不可接形容词, 而接名词或代词：He looks like his mother. That sounds like a good idea.It smells like a flower. It tastes like salt.8 .find 和think 局部用法: + 宾语+ 宾语补足语. 〔代替宾从〕宾补有以下情况：1.名词短语, John found his son a cleverboy.2. 形容词短语, Mrs. Smith thinks her husband kind of lazy.3.有时宾补后可接带to 不定式, I found it hard to fool thegirl.9.would like/want/feel like: 1 would like ,和want 类似：◊者B 可接名词短语：I would like/ want another three desks. ◊都可接带to 不定式：I would like/ want to go out for a walk.◊都可接sb,然后再跟带to不定式:I would like you to give me a hand.2 feel like: ◊后也可接名词短语：Do you feel like sometea?◊后假设接动词,须用动词ing形式：Do you feel like having a walk? I don ’ t feel like drinking【tfeeae.l like 常用于疑问句或否认句中.】10.词序易错的短语： 1 形容词修饰不定代词或不定副词,形容词在后面. Is there anything delicious in the fridge?Nothing serious. There is something wrong with the computer.I want to go somewhere warm.2 else修饰疑问词和不定代词、不定副词,也放在后面.What else can you see in the picture? Who else is in the room?Do you have anything else to say? Where else can you see it?3 enough 修饰形容词和副词, enough 放在后面.This sweater is cheap enough. Nemo is old enough to work.He ran fast enough to catch up with the dog.11 . 对“ 评价〞、“ 天气〞的提问之区别：1What do you thinkof …？=How do you like …你对••怎么看？"〔How ?句中有like,是动词.〕2What ' s the weather like in …？ = How is the weather in …？的天气什么样？"〔What ••旬中有like,是介词“像〞. 〕12 .take, cost, pay, spend 区另fj：13 It + take + sb + some time + to do sth.It took us half an hour to cut down the tree.14 物+cost+sb+钱：The bag cost me thirty yuan. (cost, cost, cost)假设cost 后无sb, 那么译作“价钱是〞：The bag costs 30 Yuan.15 人+ pay +sb + 钱+ for sth: I paid the seller 200 Yuan for the bike. (pay, paid, paid). (pay 后所加内容可视具体情况取舍. )16 人+ spend + 时间/ 钱+ on sth / (in) doing sth.The girl spent two hours (in) searching the Internet.The girl always spends much money on her clothes.spend 有时可指“度过〞：spend holiday/ weekends/ winter17 .双宾结构：pass/ give/ teach/ offer/ lend/ send/ sell/ call/show/buy/ask/ tell/ build 等可加双宾结构.即后接sb + sth.其中pass, give, offer, lend, send, sell, show等可接sth + to sb.buy, build 等可接sth + for sb.另外,假设sth 是代词时,不用双宾结构.Please pass it to me.18 .局部词作连词与介词：〔连词接句子,介词接名词或代词〕Keep care l when you are listening to the teacher. 〔连词〕Keep care l when listening to the teacher. 〔介词〕类似的, while, than, before, after, as, since, until 等.如：I ’ ll wait until I hear from her. 〔连词〕I ’ ll wait until next Friday. 〔介词〕19 .动词ed与动词ing作形容词用法之一:1.动词ed作形容词：表示被动或已发生,常作定语. The boy named Peter ismy friend.那个叫做彼得的男孩是我的朋友. 划线局部起修饰作用,下同.He’ s eating fried chicken. 他在吃炸鸡. There is no timeleft.I have read a novel writtenby Lu Xun. 我读了一部鲁迅写的小说.He lives in a house builttwenty years ago.2. 动词ing 作形容词：表示正进行或功能,常作定语.the ing boy, a running bus, the rising sun, a bus running on the road, the boy ing in the corner 〔正进行〕a sitting room, the sleeping car, the bathing suit 〔功能〕16 .动词ed与动词ing作形容词用法之二：和心理感受有关,但ed 修饰人, ing 常修饰物. I felt surprised at his words.How exciting the film is! / I want to go to a place which is relaxing.17 .动词ing 和带to 不定式作主语：To be a teacher is my dream. Working hard brings you success.Taking care of our environment is very important.To plant trees makes me happy. 〔谓语用单数〕Reading books gives you knowledge. 〔谓语用单数〕Listening and writing are both difficult. 〔谓语用复数〕1.1 later / after / ago /before: llater 时间后〞结构：时间段+later常用于一般过去时. They went to Beijing five days later.〔later 单独在句尾,常用于将来时：I ’ ll see you later.〕2after “时间后〞结构：after+时间段,常用于一般过去时,和1 相同. They went to Beijing after five days.〔after 也可加句子：I’ ll send you an-me ail after I gethome. He found out the information after he hadsearched the Internet for thirty minutes.〕3ago 〞♦・时间前〞结构：时间段+ago,用于一般过去时. The Greens moved to Shanghai four weeks ago.〔since +时间段+ago,主句用现在完成时〕4before 单独放在句尾,常用现在完成时：“以前〞I have been to London before. He has seen the film before.〔假设是时间段+before,那么常用过去完成时,译为“…时间前〞：I had seen the film two weeks before. We had found out the answer to the problem an hour before.〕19 .四季：spring 春；summer 夏；autumn 秋；winter 冬; season季20 .月：January, 一月；February, 二月；March, 三月；April, 四月；May, 五月；June, 六月；July, 七月；August, 八月；September, 九月；October, 十月；November, 十一月；December, 十二月.21 . 星期：Sunday, 星期日；Monday, 星期一；Tuesday, 星期二；Wednesday, 星期三；Thursday, 星期四；Friday, 星期五；Saturday,星期六.Sunday为第一天,Saturday为最后一天.22 . “也〞：either, 用于否认句的末尾. also, 通常挨着动词, 少用于句尾. too, 通常在句尾, 前常有逗号. as well, 只用于句尾.注意：后三个词都不用于否认句.23 .带to 不定式用法之一：带to 不定式有逻辑宾语在前时, to 后动词用及物动词, 不及物时需加介词. The apples aretoo tall for the boy to reach. /The zoo is not a good place for animals to live in.24 .(a) little / (a) few: 1few , little 几乎没有；少“〞否认词.few 加可数名词复数, little 加不可数名词. 2a few 一些“ 〞肯定词,加可数名词复数; a little 一些；一点“ 〞也是肯定词,加不可数名词. 3 另外, 在too, very, so 等词后用few, little; 在only,just, still 等词后用 a few, a little. 而quite a few/ a little 译为“很多〞25 .及物动词+副词：put on/off/away/up/down/out; break off/down;turn on/off/up/down; get back; use up; give away/out/up/back; try out/on; ring/call up; let down; clean up/out; set up; think up; hand in/out; fix up; work out; ;dress up;pick up; help out;keep off/out/down cut down; write down; wake up( 叫醒);take off/away; sell out; look up/over; eat up; throwaway/off宾语是名词时,可放在中间或后边,是代词时只放在中间.26 .as ..... as用法：1 和--- i样…His room is as big asmine.He runs as fast as I /me 2as …as possible/sb can^可“台匕〞目匕…We went there as soon as possibl磁们尽可能快地去了那儿. Listen to the teacher as carefully you can. 3 有些短语有几个意思：as soon as和--- 样快；一…就•…；as much a/口…一样多；多达；as long as和-- 样长；长达；只要；as well as和---- i样好；和--- i样；as far as远达；就,…来说；27 .prefer 用法：prefer sth/doing sth to sth/doing sth 比起•… 更喜欢…prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿•…也不愿…prefer to do sth / prefer doing sth 更喜欢做某事28 . some-, any-, every-用法：1some-某〜,一些〜工用于肯定的陈述句中. I have something to tell you. Maybesomebody has taken it. 假设用于疑问句中表示期待对方肯定的答复或表示请求或建议. Why not ask somebody to help you?Shall we give him something to eat? What about some milk?Could you please lend me some chairs? 2any-, 在疑问句中仍译为某〜,一些〜 " Do you have anything to say Is anybody in thehouse?在肯定句和否认句中译为任何〜" You may putthe box anywhere in the room. He is taller than any other student in the class. We don ’ t have anything to eat this morning. 3every-每〜〞,强调所有,既包括此也包括彼.Is everybody here？-No, Tom and Lucy have asked for leave. The glass was broken, and the water went everywhere.29 .动词时态和形式：八个时态：一般现在时、现在进行时〔am/is/are + v.ing〕、一般将来时〔will/shall/be going to+ 动词原形〕、一般过去时、过去进行时〔was/were +v.ing〕、现在完成时〔have/has + v. 过去分词〕、过去完成时〔had + v. 过去分词〕、过去将来时〔would + v. 原形〕六个形式：原形；过去式；过去分词；第三人称单数〔加s/es〕;现在分词〔v.ing〕;带to 不定式.30.if/whether 区别：if 如果〔引导条件状从〕 / 是否〔引导宾从〕whether 无论〔引导让步状从〕 / 是否〔引导宾从〕都译为是否"时,whether可接or not,也可接带to不定式.if那么不可.另外,if可接any-单词,常不接some-单词.If you have any water, please give me some.31.由于：because, 常是对why 的答复,语气最强.since,位置：Since …,….Since it ' s already late,Strgu now.for, 位置：…,for …语气最弱.I drove carefully, for it snowing.as有时也指由于工用法根本无限制.32.表推测：must, may, might, can, could, can ’tmust 〞定" 可能性最大,常用于肯定句.There is the door bell, it must be Tom.may / might也许〞一般用于肯定句, may比might可能性大.She is coming to us. She might be our new teacher.can / could可能" coulct匕can语气更委婉.但can多用于否认.You could be right, but I don ’ t think you are.The light in the office is off. The teacher can ’ t be therenow.33.so与such区别：so是副词,后跟形容词/副词,so tall/slowly …such 是形容词,后跟名词短语. such bad weather / good news…；such a beautiful girl / an important lesson / a heavy stone …；such kind boys / new desks / friendly people / amazing movies …；假设名词前形容词是many, much, few, little 时,不用such,而用so.so many flowers / much rain / few friends / little water …也常有“so / such•••tha向型,译为如此•…以致于...〞34.so的另两个用法：1so + be/情态动词/助动词+主语,也〞上下文所指不是同一个人或物. The twins are working, soam I.I will stay up tonight, and so will Peter.以及对话形式：A: I woke up late this morning. B: So did I.2so +主语+ be/情态动词/助动词,确实…是"上下文所指是同一个人或物. A: We have lunch at school. B: So you do.又如：A: Bruce can work out the problem. B: So he can.35.neither/nor 用法之一：neither/nor+ be/情态动词/助动词+主语“•也不〞上文是否认句.She didn t get well, nor did her brother.或对话形式：A: Jim hasn’ t had breakfast. B: Neither have1.36 .keep, make, get,have 用法：Ikeep + sb/sth doing sth 让…旦直做•♦" I ' m sorry for keeping you waiting so long. keep + doing sth 坚持做某事“〞2make + sb/sth do sth 让…做某事I ' ll try to make you understand what I mean. I feel sorry that I have made him wait for long.3get + sb/sth to do sth让••做某事.He got Peter to buy him a pen.4have + 宾语+ 动词原形/ing /过去分词Have him do it, please.让他做它吧.We had the machine working.我们让那台机器一直工作着. We had the machine repaired.我们让人修理了那台机器〔让那台机器被修理了〕.5 也都可接形容词：keep safe/busy, keep the doorclosed/open,make us happy, get the door closed, have everything ready.37 .used 短语：used to + 动原, 过去常常" He used to smoke.be used to译为被用来…〞,后接动原.It is used to cut things.be used to译为习惯于•••〞,后接动词ing或名词/代词.如：He’ s used to working late. / We are all used tofollowing others.be used for +目的〔名词或动词ing〕如：English is used for business./Knives are used for cutting things.38 . through/past/across: 都可作介词, “穿过〞前常有位移动词.He climbed through the window and saw what he could take away.He went past me without saying any words.He swam across the river. 【through,内部;past,旁边; across 外表.］位移动词+ past相当于动词pass;位移动词+across相当于cross.39 .the number of / a number of:前者〞•的数量〞；后者“许多的〞都跟可数名词复数.前者作主语,谓语用单数；后者作主语, 谓语用复数. The number of the trees is two thousand. 用单数is.A number of trees have been cut down用复数have.40 .延续性动词：How long , since, for, 〔以上见84〕until/till等所在肯定句中的主句谓语要用延续性动词.How long may I keep this novel? I ’ ve lived here since 2002.Let ’ s waitnutil he comes back.. 但否认句中可用短暂性动词：I haven ’ t seen you for a long time.41.all/each/both/none/either/neither:1All boys/All of the boys are from China. all 接可数复数, 谓语也用复数. All of the water is polluted. 假设接不可数, 谓语用单数.2Each boy/Each of the boys has a different bag. each 接名词单数或接of + 限定词+复数,后谓语都用单数.3Both of the twins are clever. 后面谓语用复数.4None of the students has/have been there before.none +of +限定词+复数, 谓语用单、复数都可.另见885-When shall we meet, Saturday or Sunday?-Either day is OK. / Either of the days is OK. 谓语用单数.6-When shall we meet, Saturday or Sunday?-Sorry, I have to look after my mother these two days. That is, neither time is OK. / neither of the days is OK. 谓语用单数.all/each/none分别指三者或更多中的都〞/每〔个〞/没“有一个〞. both/either/neither 两者中“都〞/任何一个“〞/没有一“个〞42 .计量表达法：数量+单位+形容词.The building is twenty meters tall./ The street is forty meters wide.The fish is five kilos heavy./ This baby is only six months old.假设计量表达的后面跟有名词,那么要用连字符,单位不用复数.They dug an eight-meter-deep hole. /. I bought a 10-kilo-heavy fish.It ’ s a piece o-fm2eter-thick ice. / They built a 50-meter-wide street.It ’ s a tw-moonth holiday. 〔此处计量中的形容词long 可省略. 〕43 . Must I/ May I / Need I 用诲.IMust I …我必须…吗？A: Must I finish the work? B: Yes, you must. / No, you needn’ t.2May I …?我可以…吗？A: May I go out for a walk now?B: Yes, you can. / No, you mustn ’ t/can ’ t.3Need I…?我有必要…吗？A: Need I clean the house? B: Yes, you must. / No, you needn’ t.44 .hundred/thousand/million/billion: 前有具体数字, 不加s 及of. 否那么加s, 加of. 如：thousands of trees; many millions of people.nine hundred people, ten thousand student算.但前假设有several,后常不力口s和of： several million pounds45 .反意疑问句〔QT〕局部用法/something, nothing, anything, everything 作主语, QT 主语用it.Something is wrong, isn ’ t it? / Nothing is cduiflfti, is it?46 t hink Lucy can do well in the exam, can ’ t she?I don ’ t think he will come here on time, will he?QT 要结合think 后的从句而定.3 祈使句的QT一般用will you? 而Let' s 用shall we?Get up now, will you? Don ’ t be noisy, will you?Be quiet, will you? Please don ’ t talk, will you?Let us do it now, will you? Let ’ s do it now, shall we?4There be 句型,QT 主语用there.There is a man working in the field, isn ’ tthere?There used to be a meeting on Friday, didn ’ tthere?There won’ t be a movie in the theatre, wltilhere?46.put on, wear, dress, in: 1put on, 穿上〞后接物. “ 表行为,是短暂动词. You should put on your coat when you leave.2wear, “穿,穿着〞后接物,表状态,是延续性动词. He always wears the yellow sweater in winter. /I like wearing beautiful clothes.3dress, 给“••穿衣〞后接人.You can dress yourself, baby.Lucy is dressing her little brother now.be dressed in后常接具有某种特征的衣物.The lady is dressed in a white skirt / white. 可直接加表颜色的词.4in, 穿着“ 〞后接具有某种特征的衣物,表状态,是介词,不可作谓语,可作状语. The woman in a white skirt is myteacher.Do you know the girl in a r ed coat? I ’ ve seen the boy in yellow.47.虚拟语气局部用法：在非真实条件句中要用虚拟语气, 即if 从句中用一般过去时, 而主句动词用would/should+动词原形,表示与现在相反的主观设想,也可以表示在说话人看来实现的可能性很小的情况. 〔注意：虚拟语气中的be动词都要用were.〕If there were no air, people would die. 〔与现在事实相反〕If I got rich, I would travel around the world. 〔可能性很小〕48.other/others/the other/the others/another:1 如果不特定指出哪一个, 是泛指, “ 另一个〞要用another,后加可数名词单数. If you are still thirsty, you may haveanother cup of tea.〔没特定指出哪——杯茶, 是泛指. cup是单数.〕another 也可+数字+可数复数：The meeting will last another two hours. / We need another six desks.2 如果只有两个或只有两局部,就给出了范围,其中另一个或另一局部是特指〔other前有the.〕,有如下用法：第一种,所说内容只有两个：Mrs. Green has two sons, one is interested in math, the other 〔one / son〕 is good at science. 【只有两个,用the other,不加s, 后面名词可省略. 】又如：This pair of shoes is strange.One is blue, yet the other is green. 这双鞋子很怪,一只蓝色, 而另一只绿色.第二种,只有两局部：此种情况下the other后接可数名词复数,或不接名词而只在the other后加s. Two fifths of thestudents in our class are boys, the other students are girls / the others are girls. Two children went, but the others stayed.〔其他孩子都留下了.〕3 如果没有显示出只有两局部, 未给出范围, 那么是泛指,不加the.Lei Feng liked helping other people / others.Have you any other questions?Alice didn ’ t like that dress, so she asked to see some others.4other 的另一用法：用比拟级的形式,表达最高级的含义.He is taller than any other boy in his class. 〔划线中boy 用单数〕=He is taller than all the other boys in his class. 〔划线中boy用复数)他比班里任何男孩都高〔他是班里男孩中最高的〕.49 .how long/how often/how soon/how far: 1how long 是对长度或时间段提问. How long is the river? - It ’ s 5,000 kilometers long.How long have you lived there? -For five months. / Since 2002.2how often 是对频率提问,如：never, sometimes, often, usually, always, once a week, twice a day, three times a year, every day 等.How often do you watch TV? -Every two days. / Twice a week.【假设只有次数,那么用how many times 提问：How many times do you watch TV a week? -Twice. / only once.】3how soon 是对“ in +时间段〞提问：-In a week./ In two How soon will you return to Beijing?days.4how far是对时间段's + walk/ride/drivegK计量表达提问.-How far is it from your home to the school?-Five minutes ’ walk. /An hour ’ s ride. /Thirteen minutes drive.或者说：It s about 20 kilometers 〔far〕 away.〔问和答复不同.〕50 .分数表达：二分之一: half a/an 或a half. 如：half an hour= a half hour 半小时It ' s half past sevenJ略冠词〕以下情况中, 分子〔基数词〕假设超过一, 分母〔序数词〕需加s：三分之一: a /one third 三分之二: two thirds四分之一: a/one fourth 或a/one quarter四分之三: three fourths 或three quarters.五分之一: a/one fifth 五分之二: two fifths 其它类推.假设分数所在of 短语作主语,谓语依of 后的名词而定：Two fifths of the students are on time. (指名词复数时,谓用复) Two fifths of the land is polluted. ( 指不可数时, 谓用单)51 .到达：1get to + 地点get to Shanghai/London/China接地点副词时,不带to. get there/home/here.2arrive in+ 大地点(Beijing/Zhengzhou) , arrive at+小地点(school/hospital), arrive 只作不及物动词. 所以也可单独用：Please ring me up when you arrive.reach 只作及物动词,后直接加地点：reachBeijing/England但常不说reach home/there/here.52 .感慨句：What + 名词短语+主语+谓语！What lazy boys (they are)! What hard work! What good news!What a good idea! What bad weather (it is)! What a pity!How +形容词/ 副词+ 主语+ 谓语！How hard the work is! How fast he runs! How rude you are!How carefully they are listening! How bad the weather is!53.because/ instead / out等与力口of 的区别：1because 后接句子, because of 接名词或代词.He didn ’ t come because he was ill. / because of his illness.2instead是副词,单独在句尾.instead of还要接名词或代词.We didn’ t have rice, we had noodles instead. / instead of it.3out副词,可单独用,但假设接地点,先加of.〔也可作介词,向…外〞,可不加of. 一般不要求掌握.〕He went out early. 或He went out of the house early.54 .too much, too many 与much too:much too过于工加形容词或副词原级. much toobig/slowly 等.too much “太多的〞,加不可数名词. too much work/rain 等.too many 太多的“,力口可数复数. too many books/people 等.55 . alone / lonely: 1alone, 单独一人；单独“〞不含感情色彩.可当形容词,但只在系动词后作表语：Jack is alone. 杰克是单身.The old woman is alone in the house. 那位老妇一个人在屋里.可当副词,修饰动词：She lives alone. 她独居.Can you move the stone alone? 你能单独搬动那块儿石头吗？Dick is walking on the beach alone. 狄克单独在海滩漫步.〔注意：不可说very alone. 但可说very much alone. 是特例〕2lonely, 孤独的；寂寞的“〞带有伤感色彩.只当形容词.可在系动词后作表语：The old man is lonely.这位老人是孤独的.He has many relatives, but he feels lonely. 他有很多亲戚,但感到孤独.〔lonely 和心理感受有关,而alone 和心理感受无关.〕也可在名词前作定语： a lonely person 一位孤独的人a lonely village 一个偏僻的村庄〔alone不可作定语〕56 .belong to 与be: This suit belongs to me /Lucy /my brother. 〔人〕This suit is mine /Lucy ’ s /my brother ’〔某物是某s /hers. 人的〕57.by 常见用法：1“通过〞I study English by memorizing grammar. You can know it by looking it up in a dictionary.He travels by bike.2“ 截止到〞Will you finish the task by tomorrow?The train had left by the time he got there.3“ 被〞This novel was written by Lu Xun.4“ 经过〞He passed by me without noticing me.5 在 ... 旁边“Sit by me. They are playing by the river.。
初中英语复合句中主、从句的时态问题
1一般过去时went2一般现在时go/ goes3一般将来时will go4过去进行时was/were going5现在进行时is /am /are going6过去完成时had gone7现在完成时have/has gone很多同学对英语复合句中的主、从句时态的一致性问题搞不清楚。
今天，我们就来谈谈这个问题。
相信同学们看了这篇文章之后，再遇到复合句中的主、从句的时态问题，就不会感到困难了。
主从复合句中时态的一致主要有以下几种情况：1.主句用一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。
2.主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。
3.主句用过去时，从句是客观真理时，只用一般现在时一、在以when，after，as soon as等引导的时间状语从句以及以if，unless 等引导的条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时。
例如：二、在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的谓语动词为过去时态时，从句须用表示过去的某种时态。
例如：He asked when they would go to the party.他问他们什么时候将去参加聚会。
Miss Green said she had been to Beijing before.格林小姐说她以前曾经去过北京。
三、在宾语从句中，当主句的时态为一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时等时态时，后面从句时态不受主句限制，可根据情况，选用各种适合的时态。
例如：Do you know when we'll have a football match?你知道我们什么时候举行足球赛吗？You know he has gone to Shanghai.你知道他已去上海了。
四、当宾语从句表述的是客观事实、科学真理、现在的习惯动作以及格言等时，其时态不受主句限制，而用一般现在时。
例如：The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.老师告诉我们光速比音速要快。
初中英语《宾主从句的时态变化》知识点
初中英语《宾主从句的时态变化》知识点初中英语《宾主从句的时态变化》知识点宾语从句的时态(1) 若主句是一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时，宾语从句根据句子的意义使用需要的时态。
如：We don’t know who has broken the window. But we will find out who has done that.Please tell me where we will go.(2) 若主句是一般过去时，宾语从句要用相应的某种过去时态，如一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时。
如：He said: I’m a student. ----- He said that he was a student.The teacher asked: What is Mike doing? ----- The teacher asked what Mike was doing.(3) 若宾语从句叙述的是客观真理或永恒不变的规律，则应采用一般现在时，不受主句时态的限制。
如：Our teacher said that the earth moves round the sun.返回：初中英语知识点详解——宾语从句篇初中英语语法知识点总结：接动名词作宾语的动词接动名词作宾语的动词【速记口诀】Mrs.P Black missed a beef bag.【妙语诠释】该句话中每个字母代表了一个动词或短语，这些动词要求后面跟动名词作宾语。
这些动词分别是：M=mind，r=risk，s=succeedin，P=practice，B=bebusy，l=lookforwardto，a=admit，c=can’thelp，k=keepon，m=miss，i=insiston，s=suggest，s=stop，e=enjoy，d=delay，a=avoid，b=beworth，a=advise，g=giveup。
初中英语-条件状语从句的时态有哪些
条件状语从句的时态有哪些,时间状语从句的引导词用法条件状语从句连接词主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。
.if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。
非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。
在英文中，条件是指某一件事情实现之后（状语从句中的动作），其它事情（主句中的动作）才能发生，通常译作“假如”。
unless = if not.Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk.典型例题You will be late ___ you leave immediately.A. unlessB. untilC. ifD. or答案A。
句意:除非你立即走，否则你就回迟到的。
可转化为 If you dong leave immediately, you will be late. B、D句意不对，or表转折，句子如为 You leave immediately or you will be late.比较while, when, as1)as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。
Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.2)当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when 引导这个从句，不可用as 或while。
When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.3)从句表示"随时间推移"连词能用as，不用when 或while。
As the day went on, the weather got worse.日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。
初中英语八大时态结构及用法
初中英语八大时态结构及用法一般现在时标志：动词原形1. 表示经常性或习惯性动作，常与表频度的时间状语连用：She often speaks English.I leave home for school at 7 every morning.2. 表示现在的状态、特征、职业、能力、感觉等：He seems to feel a bit down today.He works as a driver.3. 表示真理、客观存在、科学事实或用于格言警句中：Shanghai lies in the east of China.Columbus proved that the earth is round.Where there is a will, there is a way.4. 表示现在瞬间的动作：Here comes the bus!5. 表示将来1) 表按规定、计划、安排将要发生的动作（仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的趋向动词），可以与表示未来的时间状语搭配使用。
常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通状况。
如：The next train leaves at 3 o’clock this afternoon.How often does the shuttle bus run?2) 在时间和条件状语从句中常使用一般现在时表示将来发生的事情：When Bill comes (不用will come), ask him to wait for me.I shall go there tomorrow unless I’m too busy.一般过去时标志：动词过去式*闭音节：元音字母a, e, i, o, u如果发字母本来的音则称为开音节，否则称为闭音节。
1. 表示过去某时所发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用（e.g. yesterday, this morning, just now, a moment ago, in May, last night / year / week, once upon a time, the other day, before …, when …, in the past等）。
初中英语从句(全)
名词性从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
宾语从句1.语述问题跟随陈述语序如：They want to know where he was born.What is wrong with you = what is the matterwith you这个句子不变语序。
I just wander what it is that makes him soexcited.2.时态（tense）如果主语是现在时态，从句的时态可以根据实际情况而定She tells me that she will come tomorrow. She tells me that she won the first prize yesterday.主语为过去时态，从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态。
She told me she would won the first prize nextyear.(过去将来时She told me she had been in Beijing for 3years.（过去完成时）从句为客观真理、定义、公理、定理时，用一般现在时The teacher said that the earth travelsaround the sun.3.连词:在句子中不作为成分的时候，可以省略。
但是有些情况下that不能省略：当动词后，宾语从句不止一个时，第二个起that不能省略。
They know(that)he was honest and that hehad no money.当that从句被短语或者词组与谓语动词分开时不能省略。
I noticed ，for the first time,that ourteacher was wearing a hat.It 作形式宾语，that 从句做真正宾语时He finds it necessary that he should learn foreign languages.在wonder/doubt/be sure /certain 之后不能省略I wander that he failed.（我很惊讶他失败了）和if之间的区别I don’t know whether or not we will have an examination this week.I don’t know whether/if we will have an examination or not this week.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if当whether 后面紧跟着or not 时只能用whether.在动词discuss /doubt后面只能用whether.They are discussing whether the meetingshould be held.引导The modern city was beautiful in what was a waste land ten years ago.4.否定转移由think ,believe ,imagine ,suppose等词引导的时候，要将宾语从句中的否定形式转移到主句中去。
初中英语 时间状语从句与时态专项
英语时间状语从句讲解与练习引导时间状语从句的普通类从属连词有when（当……时），while（在……期间），as （当……，一边……一边……），before（在……之前），after（在……之后），since（从……以来），till/until（直到），whenever（无论何时），as soon as（一……就）等。
如：When I went into the classroom, he was reading. 当我走进教室时，他正在看书。
He read a newspaper as he went along. 他边走边看报纸。
We must strike while the iron is hot. 我们必须趁热打铁。
I will tell you after they leave. 等他们走后我再告诉你。
I told him to come back whenever he wants to. 我告诉他什么时候想回来就回来。
I waited till/until she was back. 我一直等到她回来。
Once time is gone, you will never get it back. 时间一旦失去就再也得不到了注意：在时间状语从句中，不能用一般将来时、过去将来时态或将来完成时，而要用相应的一般现在时态、一般过去时或现在完成时来代替。
如：I’ll telephone you as soon as I get there. 我一到达那里就打电话给你。
She said she would phone me as soon as she got there. 她说她一到达那里就给我电话。
Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. 等车停稳后才下车。
when, while 和as 引导时间状语从句的用法这三个词的意思很简单，都有“当……时候”的意思。
初中 英语 从句讲解
专项复习九状语从句、宾语从句、定语从句出题人：胡艳丽审题人：李原使用时间：4月15日一、状语从句：条件状语从句：If + 从句(一般现在时)，主句( 一般将来时;祈使句;含有情态动词)1. The children will climb the mountain if it doesn’t rain. (从句一般现在时, 主句一般将来时)2. Call me if he comes. (从句一般现在时,主句祈使句)3. You can make a lot of progress if you work hard. (从句一般现在时, 主句含有情态动词)链接: 其它相关的从句，一般由以下词引导: as soon as, not…until, unless, before, after, when, …(主从句时态同上)As soon as he arrives in Paris, he will give you a ring.You won’t pass the final exam unless you work hard.Don’t leave until the rain stops.You can go skating after you finish doing the work.主句如果是过去时, 从句也要是过去的时态(根据语境选用相应的某一种时态)He was chatting with his friends when I saw him.The thief ran away as soon as he saw the police.When I got to the station, the train had left.注意（强调）：主句与从句时态一致的问题。
在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句和从句之间的时态一致问题一般分下列两种情况：1. 若主句是祈使句，或主句中有情态动词，或主句中谓语动词是一般将来时，那么从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。
初中英语--条件状语从句的时态有哪些,时间状语从句的引导词用法
条件状语从句的时态有哪些,时间状语从句的引导词用法由引导词if或unless引导的状语从句叫做条件状语从句。
在英文中，条件是指某一件事情实现之后（状语从句中的动作），其它事情（主句中的动作）才能发生，通常译作“假如”。
条件状语从句的时态1 关于条件句有一条语法规则：条件状语从句中通常不用将来时或过去将来时，而用相应的现在时或过去时代替。
然后只要不违背逻辑，条件从句和主句可以根据需要任何可能的时态，因为从句和主句可以是同一个时间，也可以是不同的时间。
2 这个句子中从句和主句都是过去形式，有两种可能：1）虚拟语气，表示与现在或将来事实相反的假设（即实际并没有人要求你解释。
） 2）陈述语气，表示对过去一种可能出现的情况的假设。
根据主句和从句表示的内容来看，虚拟语气的可能性更大一些。
译文：如果连最简单的步骤你都得解释，你会很郁闷的。
（实际你不必对此做解释。
）时间状语从句的引导词用法引导条件状语从句的连词主要有if, unless, as [so] long as, in case 等。
如：If he gets any worse, we must phone for an ambulance. 要是他情况恶化，我们就得打电话叫救护车了。
Unless there is any other business, we can end the meeting. 如果没有别的事情，我们的会议可以结束了。
As long as you’ve paid in advance we won’t charge you for delivery. 只要你预先付款，我们就不收你送货费。
If case I forget, please remind me about it. 万一我忘记，请请醒我一下。
注意，在条件状语从句中，通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义，而不能直接使用将来时态。
不过，有时表示条件的 if之后可能用 will，但那不是将来时态, 而是表示意愿、委婉请求或执意等，此时的will为情态动词。
初中英语必考时态知识点归纳总结
初中英语必考时态知识点归纳总结时态是在英语学习中至关重要的一个内容，为了帮助初中的学生们学习，小编为大家总结了初中阶段学习的时态。
希望能对大家有所帮助!初中英语必考时态知识点过去将来时1. 概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。
2. 时间状语：the next day(morning, year),the following month(week),etc.3. 基本结构：①was/were/going to + do;②would + do.否定形式：①was/were/not + going to + do;②would + not + do.一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首;②would 提到句首。
4. 用法1) “would+动词原形”常表示主观意愿的将来。
例如：He said he would come to see me.他说他要来看我。
He told me he would go to Beijing.他告诉我他将去北京。
2) “was/ were+going to+动词原形”常表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。
例如：She said she was going to start off at once.她说她将立即出发。
I was told that he was going to return home.有人告诉我他准备回家。
此结构还可表示根据某种迹象来看，很可能或即将发生的事情。
例如：It seemed as if it was going to rain.看来好像要下雨。
3) come， go， leave， arrive， start等瞬时动词动词可用过去进行时表示过去将来的含义。
例如：He said the train was leaving at six the next morning.他说火车将于第二天早晨六点离开。
She told me she was coming to see me.她告诉我她要来看我。
九年级英语《宾语从句之时态》
much faster than sound. B．went D．travelled
小小练习
3. no one can be sure _________ in a million years． A．what man looks like B．what looks man like C．what man looked like D．what man will look like
若主句是过去的某种时态，从句用过去的时态。
特殊性原则 03
He told me that summer is after spring.
I was told that the sun is much bigger than the moon
My mom told me that no news is good news
she says she has been to XinJiangoonnccee.
主现从随便
she says she goes to XinJiangeevveerryyyyeeaarr. she says she is studying in XinJiangnnooww.
若主句是一般现在时，从句可用任何需要的时态。
呼应性原则 02
she said she would go to XinJiang next week.
she said she went to XinJiang last weeked. she said she had been to XinJiang once.
主过从必过
she said she was studying in XinJiang that time.
英语
九年级
宾语从句之时态
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1.宾语从句：1.主句若是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况用适当时态。
He says (that) he will have a walk soon.The teacher asks who is the cleverest in the school.I want to know who came here late this morning.2.主句若是一般过去时，从句也要用过去时。
He wondered if I would come. She told me that her son had got well.She said that she liked watching TV. We thought Jim was wrong.3.无论主句是何时态，从句若表客观真理，要用一般现在时。
Mr. Li said the moon is smaller than the earth.4宾语从句无论有何引导词，都要用述句语序。
Could you tell me when you will get back to Wuhan?（不是will you）Do you know which sweater she is wearing? (不是is she)2.状语从句：1主句若是一般将来时、祈使句或含不表过去的情态动词等，则if(如果), unless(除非)，when(当…的时候), as soon as(一…就…)，before, after, until, till, as(当…的时候)所引导的状语从句用一般现在时。
You may take a rest when you finish doing your work.I will call you up if I leave for Shanghai next week.Wait for your brother at the bus station until he arrives.2而主句若是一般过去时，从句也要用过去时，如：I would give the money to the charity if I had a million dollars.When he got to the park, his classmates had left.My son ran towards me as soon as he saw me on the street.3.定语从句：关系代词who只指人，which只指物。
that 既可指人又可指物。
whose 后必须跟有名词，既指人，也可指物。
关系词作主语时，不可省略，作宾语时可省略。
whom 只指人，只作宾语。
关系副词where指“在那里”，when指“在那时”。
She is a girl who/that is beautiful and kind-hearted.She is a girl (who/whom/that) I know very well.That boy whosehair is very long is my brother. (所属)The girl whois tall is my sister. / I own a bike whoseprice is high.I bought a watch (which/that) I paid 100 yuan for. （指物）I prefer a place which/thatis clean and quiet.I prefer a place whereI can live a quiet life. （在这儿）I shall never forget the day whena boy helped me find my dog.4.wish和hope:1wish可接to do sth. /sb to do sth. /that 从句.I wish to spend my summer holiday in Qingdao.I wish youto join my party this Sunday.I wish (that) I could be a scientist.2hope接to do sth. 或that从句. 但不接sb to do sth.I hope to receive a letter from you some day.I hope (that) everything goes well. /I hope you will get well soon.5.thanks for和thanks to: Thanks for your helping me with the work.(表达对对方为自己做了某事的感谢，后无补充的结果。
) Thanks to your suggestion, I didn’t make such mistakes.(表达感谢由于某方所做的有利的事，出现了后面的结果。
)6.感官动词用法之一：see, hear, listen to, watch, notice, feel等词，后接宾语，再接动词原形/ 动词ing, 分别表示全过程和正在进行。
句中有频率词时，以上的词也常跟动词原形。
I heard someone knocking at the door when I fell asleep. (正进行)I heard someone knock at the door three times. (听的是全过程)I often watch my classmates play volleyball after school. (频率词)若以上词用于被动语态，后面原有动词原形改为带to不定式：We saw him go into the restaurant with his wife. →He was seen to go into the restaurant with his wife.7.感官动词用法之二：look, sound, smell, taste, feel可当系动词，后接形容词。
He looks . It sounds good. The flowers smell beauti l. The sweets taste sweet. The silk feels soft. I felt tired.这些动词不用于被动语态。
The sweets are tasted sweet.是错误的。
注意：如果加介词like, 则后不可接形容词，而接名词或代词：He looks like his mother. That sounds like a good idea.It smells like a flower.It tastes like salt.8.find和think部分用法: + 宾语+ 宾语补足语。
(代替宾从)宾补有以下情况：1.名词短语，John found his son a clever boy.2.形容词短语，Mrs. Smith thinks her husband kind of lazy.3.有时宾补后可接带to不定式，I found it hard to fool the girl.9.would like/want/feel like: 1 would like，和want类似：◇都可接名词短语：I would like/ want another three desks. ◇都可接带to 不定式：I would like/ want to go out for a walk. ◇都可接sb,然后再跟带to 不定式: I would like you to give me a hand.2 feel like: ◇后也可接名词短语：Do you feel like some tea?◇后若接动词，须用动词ing形式：Do you feel like having a walk? I don’t feel like drinking tea.【feel like常用于疑问句或否定句中。
】10.词序易错的短语：1 形容词修饰不定代词或不定副词，形容词在后面。
Is there anything delicious in the fridge?Nothing serious.There is something wrong with the computer.I want to go somewhere warm.2 else修饰疑问词和不定代词、不定副词，也放在后面。
What else can you see in the picture?Who else is in the room?Do you have anything else to say?Where else can you see it?3 enough修饰形容词和副词，enough 放在后面。
This sweater is cheap enough. Nemo is old enough to work.He ran fast enough to catch up with the dog.11.对“评价”、“天气”的提问之区别：1What do you think of …?=How do you like …? “你对…怎么看？”(How…?句中有like，是动词。
) 2What’s the weather like in…? = How is the weather in…?“…的天气什么样?”(What…?句中有like，是介词“像”。
)12.take, cost, pay, spend区别：1 It + take + sb + some time + to do sth.It took us half an hour to cut down the tree.2 物+cost+sb+钱: The bag cost me thirty yuan. (cost, cost, cost)若cost后无sb, 则译作“价钱是”：The bag costs 30 Yuan.3 人+ pay +sb + 钱+ for sth: I paid the seller 200 Yuan for the bike. (pay, paid, paid). (pay后所加容可视具体情况取舍。
)4 人+ spend + 时间/ 钱+ on sth / (in) doing sth.The girl spent two hours (in) searching the Internet.The girl always spends much money on her clothes.spend 有时可指“度过”：spend holiday/ weekends/ winter13.双宾结构：pass/ give/ teach/ offer/ lend/ send/ sell/ call/ show/buy/ask/ tell/ build等可加双宾结构。