大二英语复习资料

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大二期末英语复习资料

大二期末英语复习资料

(一)词汇部分(一)词汇部分v It is not a simple question,many different factors converged(会合,集中)to the create the current crisis. v The sight of the animals 's suffering so horrify (使……惊吓)him that he vowed(发誓)发誓) never visit the zoo again. v A ,mother's bond (公约,公债,联系)with her newborn baby is an infinitely (无限地)(无限地)deep one that nothing can replace. v Thousand of striking workers surge(奔放) into the city square ,demanding higher wages and better working conditions. v There was a deep-rooted racial prejudice(偏见)long before the countries became rivals and went to war. v We expected Ellen to do well ,but when she got straight A"s she surpassed (超越)all our expectations. v You made a good decision,and I throughly approve (支持)it . v As As a a junior junior member member member of of the the school's school's school's teaching teaching teaching staff staff staff ,Janet ,Janet ,Janet didn"t didn"t didn"t feel feel feel qualified(qualified(有资格)有资格) to discuss the issue with the principal . v The 20-years-old tennis player"s dream is to represent (代表)China at the next Olympics. v Many of the conflicts (冲突)that spring from (来源于) cultural differences can be avoided if you keep an open mind. v There There are are are plenty plenty plenty of of of companies companies companies that that that they they are are eager eager eager to to to sponsor(sponsor(主张)主张) young athletes athletes if if they show enough promise. v To succeed in life is not sufficient only to have talent ,capacity ,and training;one must also have determination (决定)or s strong will. v The The position position position requires requires requires a a a master master master 's 's 's degree degree degree and and and a a a minimum(minimum(最小量)of )of two two two year's year's year's work work experience. v David David struggled struggled struggled for for for years years years to to to make make make it it it as as as an an an actor,but actor,but actor,but ultimately(ultimately(最终的) ) give give give up up up and and and went went back to his musical career. v It's much easier for big businesses to get bank loans (利润)than it is for small companies. v There is a new exhibition (展览)of classical artwork at the museum --do you want to go? v Stephen Stephen Hawking Hawking Hawking soon soon soon proved proved proved himself himself himself to to to be be be a a a scientist scientist scientist of of of great great great insight(insight(洞察力) ) and and creativity. v Fear of making mistakes is one of the main obstacle(障礙物) to mastering spoken English. v The government must take some measure to narrow the gap (差距)between the rich and the poor. v Although he knew he would inherit (继承,获得)a great of fortune from his father ,Mary was determined to earn his own living. (二)句子翻译 l 这所大学只能提供给马利一笔贷款,余下的钱得靠她自己去筹划。

大二英语复习提纲

大二英语复习提纲

英语复习提纲一.选择题:1. He had some trouble C asleep last night because of his headache. A. getting B. turning C. falling D. going 2. When he returned home three days later, he found the TV set in the sitting room D . A. lost B. disappearing C. going D. missing 3. To succeed in business, one must be prepared to B risks. A. get B. take C. do D. have 4. You should get a A from foreign officials before you go abroad. A. visa B. passport C. document D. card 5. He tried to join the army, but was B because of poor health. A. returned B. rejected C. avoided D. failed 6. Instead of working hard himself, he is always D of others’ success.A. displeased B. unpleasant C. angry D. jealous 7. The manager did a poor job in the company and was D by someone else. A. renewed B. resumed C. refused D. replaced 8. A good idea C my mind: I would give her something special for her birthday. A. appeared B. confirmed C. crossed D. fastened 9. You can understand the word better by consulting a dictionary for its D in English. A. expression B. statement C. direction D. definition 10. Advertisements must be A of influencing or, if necessary, changing the attitudes of potential consumers towards advertised merchandise. A. capable B. enabled C. able D. efficient 11. If you could be more A about the type of marketing you are interested in, and some of your talents and skills, I could tell if you might be a good fit for a marketing career. A. specific B. particular C. special D. common 12. My wife complains that the television serial play is often interrupted by D . A. literature B. media C. correspondence D. commercials 13. The The company company company was was was established established established in in in December December December 1991 1991 1991 and and and has has has developed developed developed into into into a a a highly highly B business. A. sufficient B. profitable C. beneficial D. practical 14. This This approach approach approach will will will help help help you you A marketing marketing factors factors factors which which which distinguish distinguish distinguish successful successful successful companies companies from less successful ones. A. identify B. concentrate C. respond D. pick 15. The organization C food and blankets to the earthquake victims. A. grabbed B. gained C. distributed D. reacted 16. After qualifying, Zelda decided to C in contract law. A. specific B. profit C. specialize D. benefit 17. Believe it or not, the C line is that we have to make a decision today. A. clear B. positive C. bottom D. usual 18. After the operation and three days’ C care, the patient is out of danger now. A. extensive B. expensive C. intensive D. deep 19. At the A of the police officers, those people ran off in all directions. A. sight B. view C. look D. watch 20. Let’s not talk about it now. I’m not in the D . A. position B. business C. action D. mood 21. The train was B by heavy snow and the passengers had to wait for a few hours. A. released B. delayed C. transferred D. reduced 22. When the sun’s rays hit the earth, a lot of heat is C back into space. A. considered B. impressed C. reflected D. affected 23. A total of 30 people were A the case, including 21 men and nine women, a spokesman for the Commission told local media yesterday. A. involved B. linked C. concerned D. included 24. She’s taking classes to D herself of her Southern accent. A. iron B. replace C. remove D. rid 25. You can’t really C foreign literature in translation. A. identify B. recommend C. appreciate D. require 26. A new law to prevent the export of B birds is to be introduced. A. scarce B. rare C. few D. strange 27. When you start a new task, it’s A for you to feel a bit excited. A. normal B. ordinary C. average D. regular 28. He was a good friend-always available to help at the A sign of need. A. slightest B. weakest C. remote D. smooth 29. The The scientists are scientists are D a series of experiments to learn more about how the body adapts to weightlessness. A. making B. carrying C. defining D. conducting 30. Your natural hair color begins to B as you grow older, and eventually goes gray. A. decrease B. fade C. fall D. lose 31. Many experts believe that this country’s economy is on the A of collapse. A. edge B. limit C. part D. place 32. It It takes takes takes an an an experienced experienced experienced coach coach coach years years years to to C the the knowledge knowledge knowledge to to to teach teach teach the the the best best best players players players in in in the the world. A. learn B. remain C. acquire D. earn 33. The B department is planning a training program for the new members of staff. A. personal B. personnel C. professional D. purchasing 34. Jefferson once said that one must be determined and B on what he thinks is right. A. stick B. insist C. persist D. keep 35. It is the D in that country for women to marry young. A. habit B. action C. condition D. custom 36. He is considered as a leading C in the music industry. A. number B. shape C. figure D. character 37. We are very glad to see that all the signs A to a successful year ahead. A. point B. suggest C. show D. react 38. I don’t think it is right to call people fat because all people are created B ! A. similar B. equal C. alike D. same 39. Woolf’s writing was completely D–nothing like it had ever been done before. A. latest B. current C. familiar D. original 40. Now that we are both willing to continue our cooperation, we should take action to C out the misunderstandings between us. A. carry B. break C. iron D. take 二.词组填空:1. She has lost touch with most of her classmates since she graduated from college three years ago. 2. Our government is making every effort to solve the problem of corruption which eats away as the foundation of trust between people and the government. 3. He checked in without luggage for a flight to Beijing at five o’clock in the afternoon.4. e can’t figure outhow to do this. Would you please come and help us? 5. Her husband is keen on football and often watches football games on TV deep into the night. football and often watches football games on TV deep into the night. 6. I must apologize to you for my carelessness. It really caused you a lot of trouble. 7. He is very happy to see that his articles often find their way into the local newspaper. 8. It took him several months to adjust to the life in the new country. 9. As he waited to see the doctor, Jim just leafed through some old magazines kept in the waiting room. 10. Wealth should not be identified with happiness. Money does not mean everything. 11. Do you know how our teacher responds to the suggestions put forward at the class meeting? 12. I would describe him as an excellent teacher in our school. 13. Mary t ook took the place of the manager when he was away for three months. 14. A great deal of time and effort went into making the software reliable. 15. Shaking hands is a custom that can be found as far back as ancient times. 16. She s houted shouted out in pain when she tried to move her leg. 17. Wait until he’s in a b etter better mood before you ask him. 18. Whenever John comes to my home, he make up stories to amuse my little brother. 19. The whole family fell in love with the new house as soon as they saw it. with the new house as soon as they saw it. 20. Twenty minutes after the forest fire broke out, the firemen took action to stop the fire spreading. 21. You don’t have to go out of your wayto meet us at the station. We’ll have no trouble finding our home. 22. She felt she needed time to reflect onw hat to do next. what to do next. 23. In looking back on my life thus far, I noticed that about every sixth year, I had gone through a life change. 24. 24. We We We can can can talk talk talk to to to people people people on on on the the the other other other side side side of of of the the the world world world now, now, thanks to the the invention invention invention of of of the the telephone. 25. What he said didn’t seem quite right, so she decided to check it out.26. These chemicals have been found to cause serious damage to the environment. 27. Since the early 1960s considerable debate has taken place in education circles about the nature in education circles about the nature of history as a discipline. 28. At the meeting, the speaker called for a return to traditional family values. 29. She sat there reflecting on how much she had changed since she married him. 30. John suggested we adopt a new method and I was a bit doubtful at first but it turned outto be a really good idea. 31. About 75 percent of customers said they were uneasy aboutu sing their credit cards over the using their credit cards over the Internet. 32. In a century where knowledge and innovation will be the keys to economic success, we can rely on our creativity. 33. When the wounded soldier came to himself, he found himself in hospital surrounded by doctors hospital surrounded by doctors and nurses. 34. The diesel engine was named after its inventor Rudolf Diesel. its inventor Rudolf Diesel. 35. I looked everywhere for the missing book in the hope that I could find it somewhere. 36. Your data must be based on scientific research; otherwise, your fin dings won’t be reliable.37. If the police had not stepped in when they quarreled, there would have been serious violence. 38. It’s not right to make fun ofstudents who are less able in their study. 39. I a pprove approve ofy our effort to earn some money, but ple your effort to earn some money, but ple ase don’t neglect your studies. 40. All our staff members will receive equal treatment regardless of race, color, nationality, sex, and religion. 1. My aunt is an (act)actress2. Thank (good) goodness! I’ve finally succeeded in this difficult experiment.3. Don’t lose heart. Let’s hope our difficulties will soon (appear) disappear.4. Good work cannot be done in unpleasant and uncomfortable (surround) surroundings. 5. We should have a further (discuss) discussion before we arrive at a decision about the case. 6. The audience was deeply moved when the woman told of her sufferings in an (emotion) emotional7. The arms race has further increased the (tense) tension between the two countries. 8. The parents often take their child to the park on (sun)sunny Sunday afternoons. 9. The new clerk is not satisfied with his (day) daily work and wants to quit the job. 10. It is our duty to give our customers prompt and satisfactory (serve) service.11. There is a possibility of a serious conflict between people of these areas for (religion)religious 12. The government attaches great importance to the (industry) industrial development of the city. (vary) variousholding (vary) 14. They were (pain)painfully15. He is an ambitious young man and likes to take a (challenge)challenging16. When I came home, I found a huge amount of (correspond) correspondence waiting for me. 17. You can have a (choose) choice between facing misfortunes in life bravely and just complaining 18. Professor Smith is a man of considerable (learn) learning and we all like his lectures very much. 19. She had such a sad (express)expression on her face that I wondered what was wrong. 20. When I came back to my hometown five years later, I found it developing at an (amaze) amazing 21. There can be no mutual understanding without (communicate)communication between people. 22. Graduates are finding it more and more difficult to find (employ)employment. 23. When we met again I had (complete)completely forgotten her name. 24. You need to feed the plants twice (week) weekly.25. Let’s try to stay together as a group; there’s (safe)safety i in numbers. 26. We were late getting to the airport, but (fortunate)fortunately o our plane was delayed. 27. Over the past year, her friends have noticed (gradually) gradual changes in her behavior. 28. The committee will (investigation) investigate the cause of the accident, focusing especially on 29. She had an (easy) uneasy felling that something terrible was going to happen. 30. The average daily food (require) requirement for an adult is between 2000 and 3000 calories. 31. It’s five years since we separated, but I still find the memories quite (pain) painful.depress her. decisions, , especially 34. The judge said the punishment would (service)serve as a warning to others. 35. It is often considered bad (lucky) luck to give a girl a very strong name in that country. 36. Boys often have names that are strong or coarse, (suggestion) suggesting success and wealth. 37. The concert at which the classical pianist performed was a great (succeed) success. 38. Napoleon was a famous French (rule) ruler, who was later defeated at Waterloo. 39. The most (attract)attractive aspect of the job is that it offers the opportunity to go abroad. 40. Others choose names (base) based on religious figures from the Bible, such as Joseph, Matthew, David, Ruth, Mary and Sarah. 四汉译英:1.1.你认为一个人要做些什么才能成为一个幸福的人?(你认为一个人要做些什么才能成为一个幸福的人?(to be happy person) What do you think one can do to be a happy person?2.自从她去年离开上海去重新过她的农村生活后,我的心里一直很失落。

武汉理工大二英语A班翻译班期末复习1

武汉理工大二英语A班翻译班期末复习1

1,Microprocessors monitor tyre wear and brake power on cars.微处理器检测汽车轮胎的耐用性和制动力。

2,This university embraces all the arts and sciences.这所大学涵盖所有的文理科目。

3,Pushing or pulling, however, does not necessarily mean doing work.然而无论是腿还是拉,都未必是在做功。

4,There was a car accident on the highway, and three people were killed.在公路上发生的汽车意外造成了三人遇难。

5,The justices dismissed all the charges against Mr.Smith out of hand.法官驳回了所有关于Smith先生的指控。

6,In human communities, intent, belief, resources, preferences, needs, risks and a number of other conditions may be present and common, affecting the identity of the participants and their degree of adhesion.目的、看法、资源、偏好、需求、风险等许多条件现在普遍影响着社区人员的身份认同感和凝聚力。

7,Every life has its roses and thorns.人生有苦也有乐。

8,Your name is well-known here.久仰大名/臭名昭著。

9,Mr. Robert is an ambitious and aggressive young man.Robert 先生是一位有雄心壮志和进取心【野心勃勃、咄咄逼人】的年轻人。

大二第二学期综合英语期末复习整理

大二第二学期综合英语期末复习整理

Unit 3 Time to stop excuses for lateness 1. 这样的好机会千载难逢。

这样的好机会千载难逢。

once in a blue moon An opportunity as good as this arises / occurs only once in a blue moon. 2. 这个孩子因为私自拿了母亲包里的钱而觉得十分内疚。

这个孩子因为私自拿了母亲包里的钱而觉得十分内疚。

guilty of The boy felt guilty for taking money from his mother's handbag without permission. 3. 她知道他的话一句真的也没有。

她知道他的话一句真的也没有。

give credence to . She did not give credence to a single word of his story4. 一般来说,老师对学生的错误都比较宽容。

一般来说,老师对学生的错误都比较宽容。

be tolerant of Generally speaking, teachers are tolerant of their students' mistakes. 5. 我想当然地以为你会跟我们一起来,于是就给你买了票。

我想当然地以为你会跟我们一起来,于是就给你买了票。

take….for granted I took it for granted you'd want to come with us, so I bought you a ticket. 6. 由于经理的不断劝导,工作人员很快就改掉了迟到的坏习惯。

由于经理的不断劝导,工作人员很快就改掉了迟到的坏习惯。

break the habit Thanks to the manager's repeated counseling, the staff soon broke the bad habit of coming late to work. 7. 她现在对她发火,但不久会原谅她的。

英语期末复习资料大二下

英语期末复习资料大二下

选择题1.If you love plants, the chances are you buy them on impulse and then wonder where to put them. 如果你喜欢植物,机会是你买的冲动,然后不知道放在哪里。

1. If you have to go through a smoke-filled area, you’d better crawl with your head low. 如果你必须去通过一个烟雾缭绕的区域,你会更好地抓取你的头低。

2. Mother motioned my brother to keep his voice down but he ignored her. 母亲示意我的兄弟降低他的声音,但他忽略了她。

3. If doing one thing gives you an unpleasant feeling, the normal reaction would be to stop doing it. 如果做一件事,给你一种不愉快的感觉,正常的反应是停止做它。

4. Among these articles, which do you think are most likely to interest our students? 在这些文章中,你认为哪一篇是最有可能吸引我们的学生5. Long after even the latest apple tree had broken into leaf, the mulberry’s branches remained stubbornly bare.很久以后,甚至最后种的的苹果树都长了叶子,桑树枝仍然光秃秃的。

6. These schools come under the supervision of locally appointed committees. 这些学校在当地任命的委员会的监督下。

大二(下)英语复习提纲

大二(下)英语复习提纲

大二(下)英语复习提纲大二(下)英语复习提纲词汇结构(vocabulary and structure)Unit 5adjust to(适应)accuse of(控诉)be limited to(被限制)broad-minded(心胸开阔)self-satisfied(自满)instead of(代替)1.The size of the dancing class is limited to 20.2.You must adjust yourself to college life quickly.3.We should do something instead of just talking about it.4.Our teacher is pretty broad-minded so he won’t mind if you raise different ideas.5.It’s wrong to accuse him of things without any proof.6.Don’t feel self-satisfied over a minor success.nation(自然)tradition(传统)person(人)emotion(情感)logic(逻辑)1.It is traditional to exchange gifts at Christmas.2.Taking the job seemed like the logical thing to do at that time.3.The painter i s a personal friend whom I’ve known for many years.4.She provided emotional support at a very distressing time for me.5.The 1 st of October is an national holiday of China.Unit 6largely weave thrive countless popularize1.This city is famous for its thriving tourist industry.2.He resigned largely because of the stories in the press.3.The program did much to popularize little-known actors.4.She likes to weave imaginative elements into her poems.5.The players have spent countless hours preparing for the game.in any case(无论如何)ever since(自从)date back to(追溯于)at least(至少)1.Some of the oldest buildings in this area date back to 300 years ago.2.At least a hundred people were waiting in line for tickets for the concert.3.We’ll take you home.We’re going that way in any case.4.Ever since the accident , Martha has been too afraid to drive.arrange(安排)consider(讨论)fill(装满)construct(建造)union1.The place has been reconstructed after the Second World War.2.She had already refilled his glass five or six times.3.Can we rearrange your appointment for next Thursday?4.David is hoping for a happy reunion with his wife.5.We want you to reconsider your decision to leave the company.Unit 7stroll captivate indispensablebrowse reputed1.The audience was captivated by her wonderful performance.2.The coffee shop is only a 10-minute stroll away.3.The tourist are browsing the souvenir stalls.4.He is reputed to the most talented painter in Paris.5.Cars have become a(n) indispensable part of many people’s lives.be worthy of loom up lie in eat out strike up1.I think your problem lies in lacking efficient methods.2.Jenny’s proposal is worthy of consideration.3.They struck up a friendship on their tour of Egypt.4.We always like eating out on a Saturday night.5.He can see a warship looming up through the heavy fog.class simple glory intense pure1.You should purify the water before drinking it.2.Police have now intensified the search for the lost child.3.The local newspapers glorified their heroic deeds.4.In the study families are classified according to their incomes.5.The technology has been simplified so that anyone can use it.Unit 8adopt(采用)spur(激发)potential(潜力;有潜力的)relatively(相对地)risky(冒险)1.Signing for a top club would enable him to fulfill his true potential.2.He decided to adopt a more radical approach to the problem.3.Banks don’t want to finance us because this is a(n) risky business.4.The thought of losing the game was enough to spur him into action.5.I like to think I’m relatively easy to get along with.belong to(属于)fit into(融入;适合)stand up to(维护;抵制)conform to(服从;顺从)go along with(应付)1. A lot of our new students have a hard time fitting into thegroup.2.Whatever the majority decided I was prepared to go along with.3.He became a kind of hero for standing up to local gangs.4.If you are a member of our dance club , you must conform to our rules.5.Our teacher says these languages belong to the Latin family.guide(指导)perform(表演)appear(出现)attend(出席)inherit(继承)1.The school drama society will give a(n) performance of Hamlet.2.Dad has given me a lot of guidance on choosing a career.3.Daily attendance at school has improved since the project began.4.It was the president’s second public appearance to date.5.She feared losing her inheritance to her stepmother.汉译英Unit 51.每年的新生会上,老师都会介绍学校的情况,以使新生能尽快适应新的环境。

自修英语复习,大二

自修英语复习,大二

英语复习Unit one:(section A)1. He was fast asl eep when the thief broke into his house.2. A report came to the police, saying a little girl had been missing for two days.3. The second half of the performance will begin in two minutes, and you are kindlyasked to resume your seats.4. A(n) greenhouse is a glass building in which you grow plants that need to be protectedfrom bad weather.5. In recent years, the company has paid more attention to labor costs while keeping aneye on profit (利润).6. The girl by the counter tol d me that they have planes departing for New York every day.7. I like this house better because it is located (坐落于) in natural surroundings .8. He had expected to spend his life in America, but fate decided otherwise.翻译一:1. 你认为一个人要做些什么才能成为一个幸福的人?(to be a happy person)What d o you think one can do to be a happy person?2. 自从她去年离开上海去重新过她的农村生活后,我的心里一直很失落。

大二艺术英语知识点

大二艺术英语知识点

大二艺术英语知识点艺术英语是艺术专业学生需要学习和掌握的一门重要学科。

掌握艺术英语的知识点可以帮助学生更好地理解和表达艺术作品、风格和理论等方面的内容。

本文将介绍大二艺术英语的一些重要知识点,以帮助学生更好地学习和应用艺术英语。

I. 艺术作品和风格在学习艺术英语时,了解不同类型的艺术作品和风格是非常重要的。

以下是一些常见的艺术作品和风格的英语表达:1. 绘画作品:- 油画(oil painting)- 水彩画(watercolor painting)- 素描(sketch)- 点彩画(pointillism)2. 雕塑作品:- 石雕(stone sculpture)- 木雕(wood sculpture)- 陶瓷雕塑(ceramic sculpture)- 金属雕塑(metal sculpture)3. 建筑风格:- 古典主义建筑(classical architecture)- 后现代主义建筑(postmodern architecture)- 新艺术运动(Art Nouveau)- 未来主义建筑(futurist architecture)II. 艺术理论和批评除了艺术作品和风格外,掌握艺术理论和艺术批评的英语表达也是非常重要的。

以下是一些常见的艺术理论和批评的英语术语:1. 艺术风格与主题:- 抽象艺术(abstract art)- 表现主义(expressionism)- 现实主义(realism)- 符号主义(symbolism)2. 艺术形式和技巧:- 立体主义(cubism)- 装饰艺术(decorative arts)- 形式主义(formalism)- 拼贴艺术(collage)3. 艺术批评和评论:- 评论家(critic)- 评价(evaluation)- 鉴赏(appreciation)- 观众反应(audience response)III. 艺术史和艺术家了解艺术史和艺术家的英语表达是学习艺术英语的关键部分。

大二英语重要单词及例句

大二英语重要单词及例句

大学英语综合教程重点词汇Book 1Unit 1 Growing Up1) possiblity n.可能(性)There is a possibility that his wish to become a writer come true.2) argument n.论据,论点;争论The director wanted to hear all the arguments for and against the proposal before he made a decision.3) tedious a.乏味的;冗长的Once she starts a book, she always finishes it, even if it’s really tedious.4) reputation n.名声;名誉The company has an excellent reputation for high-quality leather shoes.5) distribute vt.分发,分配,分送They are going to distribute those clothes and blankets among the flood victims(受害者).6) tackle vt.处理,应付The president came under attack from all sides for his inability to tackle the country’s severe social problems.7) vivid a.生动的,逼真的;鲜明的Parts of my childhood are so vivid to me that they could be memories of yesterday. 8) associate vt.使联系起来;使联想People often associate the old days with good times, and seem to forget the hardship they suffered.9) sequence n.一连串相关的事物;次序,顺序The second part of the book describes the strange sequence of events that lead to the King’s fall from power.10) off and on 断断续续地;有时Linda managed to support herself by working off and on as a waitress.Unit 2 Friendship1) absolutely ad.完全地,及其There was no wind and the oak tree behind the house was standing absolutely still. 2) know/learn by heart 记住,能背出The students must have known that old story by heart, so I want ask some of them to retell it in their own words if I were you.3) urge v.力劝,催促The trade unions urged employers to invest more money in staff training.4) reunion n.(家人、朋友、同事等久别后的)重聚We had a family reunion where I saw relatives I hadn’t seen for 20 years.5) hang out 闲荡;徘徊You’ll probably find Dave at the pool hall —he often hangs out there.6) available a.可用的;可得到的If you don’t want to buy a kite, you can make your own using directions available in books at your local library.7) keep in touch (with) (与…)保持联系,保持接触I hope that we’ll keep in touch with our neighbors after we move away.8) postpone vt.推迟,使延期The concert has been postponed to Saturday.9) estimate vt.估计The police estimated the number of demonstrators(示威者) at about five thousand.10) tough a.不幸的;困难的;坚固的;坚强的A spell of tough luck discouraged us.He is a very tough man.Unit 3 Understanding Science1) anyway ad.不管怎么说Why don’t we get rid of these old chairs, since we don’t use them anyway?2) grasp n.掌握,了解It seems the government has not yet grasped the seriousness of the problem.3) tend vi.倾向,趋向As pace of life quickens things tend to change fast in the city.4) convey vt.传达;表达Words cannot convey how grateful we are for his timely help.5) in two minds 三心二意;犹豫不决It seems to me that the board of directors(董事会) is in two minds over the opening of a branch office in South Africa.6) precise a.精确的The earth’s atmosphere makes precise observation of distant stars difficult.7) sufficient a.充分的,足够的It was thought that he had committed the crime(犯罪), but there wasn’t sufficient evidence against him.8) fit into 适合;符合;属于Education programs should fit into the national plan for economic development.9) inquire v.询问She inquires about the times of flights to Shanghai.10) initiative n.首创精神;主动I shouldn’t always have to tell you what to do, use your own initiative.Unit 4 American Dream1) amuse vt.逗乐;给…提供娱乐I bought a comic book to amuse myself while I was on the train.2) work out 制定出;解决;算出It is reported that UN mediators(斡旋者) have worked out a plan which they hope will be acceptable to both sides.3) do with 对待,处理What are we going to do with the food left over from the party?4) wreck n.残破物;(尤指失事船只、飞机等的)残骸It was already a wreck when two weeks later the police found his stolen car and he had to buy a new one.5) diet n.日常饮食During those difficult years, the family lived almost entirely on a diet of cabbages.6) property n.(房)地产;财产Typhoons, floods and other natural disasters cannot be prevented, but action can be taken to protect life and property.7) approach v.接近If you look out of the window on the left side of the bus, you’ll see that we’re now approaching the Tower of London.8) handle vt.管理,处理;操纵There’ll certainly be some problems, but nothing that you can’t handle.9) above all 最重要的是Successful businessman today are likely to be young, aggressive(有进取心的), and well-educated. Above all, they are willing to take risks to achieve success.10) balance n.平衡;余额With great patience, the clerk showed the elderly lady how to check the balance in her bank account on an ATM(自动出纳机).Unit 5 Romance1) reflect vt.反映,显示Aunt Pat’s rough, red hands reflect a life of hard physical labor.2) fertile a.富饶的,肥沃的The former lake bed is now a fertile plain producing good crops of wheat.3) schedule vt.安排;排定n.工作日程表,进度表Buses run along specific routes with scheduled stops at scheduled time.4) sustain vt.支持;使(努力等)持续下去、保持Only the hope that the rescuers were getting nearer sustained the trapped miners. 5) delicate a.精美的;柔软的,娇嫩的The pianist took great care to protect her delicate fingers when doing house work.6) more than a little 很,非常He was more than a little happy to learn of his wife’s pregnancy(怀孕).7) thrust v.挤入;插入;猛推The kidnappers(绑架的匪徒) thrust the boy into the car and drove off.8) split v.裂开;破裂We split the boards down the middle to use them for the back of the shelves.9) keen a.强烈的;热切的It is common knowledge that dogs have a keen sense of smell.10) identify vt.识别From the radar screen air controllers identify each plane by their different call sign, speed and altitude(高度).Unit 6 Animal Intelligence1) encounter vt.遇到,遭遇On the train I encountered an old lady who happened to be a neighbor of my daughter’s when she lived in Los Angeles.2) convince vt.使确信,使信服It took her mother a whole day to convince her that the surgery wouldn’t do her any harm.3) make a deal 达成交易Mr. Collins said to John, “I’m willing to make a deal with you—I’ll let you live in my house and you’ll cook for me.”4) maintain vt.保持,持续Hard as competition is, Microsoft(微软公司) is still maintaining its position as market leader in software.5) figure out 理解;推断出I can’t figure out why he left his office so suddenly and didn’t even tell his secretarywhere he would be.6) expand v.扩大,扩展Their retail(零售) business in Asia has expanded rapidly since the early 1990s.7) envy vt.,n.嫉妒;羡慕I envy her ability to start conversations with people she has never met before.8) in sb.’s interest(s) 为了某人的利益In the interests of world peace, we must promote(增进) mutual understanding among nations with different social systems.9) assess vt.评估,估量Phil looked around at the other competitors(竞争对手) and assessed his chances of winning.10) wipe out 消灭,消除Smallpox(天花), which used to be a severe epidemic(流行性的) disease, has been completely wiped out.Book 2Unit 1 Ways of Learning1) attach vt.系,贴,连接Make sure the label(标签) is firmly attached to the parcel(包裹) before you mail it.2) initial a.开始的,最初的My initial reaction to the news was relief, but as I thought more about it I began to feel angry.3) insert vt.插入,嵌入To use the machine, first insert the correct coins, then select the drink you want and press the button.4) on occasion 有时,间或Professor Smith translated not only from the French but also, on occasion from the Polish.5) investigate v.调查;研究Food chemists will investigate the health food on sale to see if it really does give the benefits claimed.6) in due course 在适当时机All we were told before leaving the office was that the committee would consider our applications in due course.7) make up for 补偿,弥补My boyfriend bought me dinner to make up for being late the day before.8) in retrospect 回顾In retrospect, it was the wrong time to open a new data processing(数据处理) center inthis city.9) promote vt.促进,推进The WTO is intended to promote trade among its member states.10) emerge vi.出现When the moon emerged from behind the clouds I made out a figure moving in the distance.Unit 2 Values1) remote a.遥远的The geological prospecting(地质勘探的) team went to remote regions of the country in search of mineral resources.2) get away with 做(某事)而未被发觉或未受惩罚If you try to cheat in the exam, you will never get away with it.3) reserve vt.将…留作专用;预定Tony was informed that a double room with balcony(阳台) overlooking the sea had been reserved for him.4) open up 开门;打开Three armed men were waiting when the postmaster and his wife arrived to open up the post office at 9 a.m.5) hold to 遵守,不改变I still hold to the belief that parents should allow their children to fully develop theirtalents by themselves.6) steer clear of 避开,避免It was reported that in negotiation(协商) with the representatives of the company the local government was trying to steer clear of the vital issues.7) system n.系统Sophia doesn’t seem to use any sort of logical system for keeping accounts.8) qualify v.(使)具有资格If the French team wins, it will qualify for a place in the finals.9) cultivate vt.培养,陶冶The teachers of the College English Center are making great efforts to cultivate in their students the habit of speaking English.10) deserve vt.应受,值得I’m glad Ruth got the first prize in the speech contest —she richly deserved it.Unit 3 The Generation Gap1) dumb a.愚蠢的;哑的The artists stood before the paintings almost dumb with astonishment at their beauty.2) in unison 一致地;一起When I entered the Japanese-owned store, all shop assistants bowed to me in unison.3) fade vi.褪色;变黯淡;消失Her hope of her husband’s return is fading as years go by.4) distract vt.转移(注意力);使分心From July 7th to July 9th, drivers are forbidden to honk their horns in these areas in order not to distract students form preparing for the College Entrance Examinations. 5) glorious a.极好的;辉煌的;光荣的William Byrd composed many pieces of music, but his Latin church music is considered his most glorious work.6) at any rate 无论如何,不管怎样Call me, write to me, email me; at any rate, let’s keep in touch.7) narrow down 减少,缩小Xiao Li has narrowed down his choice of MBA programs to three American universities on the East Coast.8) frank a.坦白的,直率的A frank reply is much more appreciated than beating about the bush(拐弯抹角).9) interference n.干涉;干扰Many animals face extinction(灭绝) as the result of human interference.10) junior a.较年幼的;地位较低的In 1963, after his junior year in high school, Clinton was elected into a government study program for young people in Washington, D.C.Unit 4 The Virtual World1) tone n.语气,口气,腔调“Go to the bathroom and wash your hands,”the nurse told the children in a commanding tone.2) stretch v.拉长,伸展He promised to repay me in three days. But the days stretched into months and I never got a cent back from him.3) take in 收进,吸收Mary, a Harvard Law School graduate, was a very capable(能干的) lawyer and our firm took her in as a partner.4) spit vt.吐出The small boy started spitting blood and his mother panicked(惊慌失措).5) symptom n.征兆;症状His forgetfulness may be a symptom of brain trouble.6) conversely ad.相反地He would have preferred his wife not to work, but conversely he was also proud of what she did.7) but then 但另一方面,然而Things are much cheaper here than in New York, but then, our average salary is much smaller.8) angle n.角度,立场This is a one-sided view on the issue. We need to look at it from all possible angles before we can form an objective opinion.9) in sight 可看到的;临近When we say that we see light at the end of the tunnel, we mean that victory is in sight.10) abuse n.滥用;虐待These laws are intended to prevent government officials from abusing their power.Unit 5 Overcoming Obstacles1) sweat vi.出汗n.汗水It was a cold night and I had no overcoat, but I was soon sweating with the effort ofcarrying the heavy suitcase.2) mere a.仅仅,只不过There is nothing serious about the damage to the car; it is a mere scratch(划痕).3) detail n.细节;琐碎的事“Can you give me a rough idea of what happened there, without going into detail?” said Ann.4) recur vi.再来;再发生He had tried to put the unpleasant event out of his mind, but it kept on recurring to him, especially in dreams.5) core n.核心Although the time for the completion such a project was a bit too short, the real core of the problem was lack of funds and shortage of enough skilled workers.6) on one/two/several occasion(s) 有一(两,几)次Mike is an extremely careless man. On one occasion, it was not until he got to an ATM that it occurred to him he had left his card at home.7) be ashamed of 因…感到难为情She ought to be thoroughly ashamed of herself for talking to her guests in such a rude way.8) startle vt.使大吃一惊He was startled by the sound of the back door opening in the dead of night.9) anxiety n.忧虑,担心Young children often feel a lot of anxiety about their first day at school.10) in one’s mind’s eye 在想象中In my mind’s eye, she remains a little girl of six although she’s actually a grown woman.Unit 6 Women, Half the Sky1) bulletin n.简报,通讯;会刊;公告“How did you learn of the kidnapping case?”“I heard about it on the morning news bulletin on the radio.”2) hit/strike home 击中要害The full horror of the war only hits home when you start seeing this television series.3) incredible a.难以置信的What a beautiful town! It is incredible to think that, just a few years ago, there was nothing here except beaches.4) decorate vt.装饰Like most of their classmates Alice and Joy slso bought some pictures and posters to decorate the walls of their room.5) harmony n.和谐;协调;一致Until this unfortunate incident they had lived in harmony with their neighbors.6) by nature 生性People just keep their distance from him because John is by nature rather an aggressive person.7) military a.军事的,军队的Now that the enemy has refused to return to the negotiating table the President will notrule out the possibility of military action.8) remainder n.剩下的时间(人或物)Afterwards she went to Los Angeles where she lived for the remainder of her life.9) at intervals 每隔…时间(或距离);不时The interview continued, with Smith breaking off at intervals to consult his notes.10) move on to 更换(工作,话题等)“Now let’s move on to the next one,” said the professor when he finished Chapter 5. Book 3Unit 1 Changes in the Way We Live1) get by 过得去,尚可We are never satisfied that we know enough to get by. Every question we answer leads on to another question.2) haul vt.(用卡车、马车等)搬运A good team of dogs, hitched to a light sled, can haul 1,000 pounds of goods.3) spray vt.喷洒Apple trees must be sprayed, or many of the apples will be eaten by worms.4) wicked a.邪恶的;坏的In the story, the girl has a wicked stepmother, who makes her life a misery.5) at the point 就在那时My father died when I was too young to live on my own. The people of my hometown took over my upbringing at that point.6) illustrate vt.加插图于;举例说明Nothing ever becomes real till it is experienced —even a proverb is no proverb to you till your life has illustrated it.7) digest n.文摘;摘要This magazine is a digest of articles from many newspapers and magazines around the world.8) insurance n.保险;保险费Construction workers should always have insurance against personal injury.9) aside from 除了;除…以外(尚有)He is an ardent football fan; he hardly watches any television aside from football matches.10) budget n.预算Nowadays almost all libraries are finding it increasingly difficult to remain within their budget.Unit 2 Civil-Rights Heroes1) racial a.种族的With tears streaming down her face, and gasping for breath, Halle Berry dedicated her award to all the African-American women who had faced racial prejudice and struggled before her to make their way in Hollywood.2) mission n.特殊使命,任务Schools have to change their management and reorient their mission and vision so as to improve the quality of education.3) authorize vt.批准;委托The president has authorized his foreign minister, Mr. Burns, to act as representative to the international conference to be held in Tokyo next month.4) exploit n.剥削;开发,利用The earliest literature written in French dates from the 11th century, taking the form of a narrative poem celebrating the exploits of famous heroes.5) on the side 作为兼职;秘密地It is difficult to estimate the number of people doing part-time jobs on the side.6) close in(on/around) 接近;包围The prisoner fled again, but he knew that the police were rapidly closing in him.7) religious a.宗教的,宗教上的The biographies of great religious leaders, such as Buddha(佛陀), Jesus(耶稣), or Muhammad(穆罕默德), commonly included stories of miraculous happenings.8) terminal n.(铁路、公共汽车等的)终点;(计算机系统的)终端机Advances in telecommunications have meant that it is just as easy to work from a computer terminal at home as it is from a town center office.9) impose vt.把…强加于The United States last Wednesday imposed tariffs(关税) of up to 30 percent on a range of foreign steel imports to help protect its domestic(国内的) industry.10) make the best of 尽量利用,充分利用Until the new gym is built, you have no option but to make the best of existing buildings which may or may not suit your immediate requirements.Unit 3 Security1) close up (尤指暂时)关闭Business declined to such an extent that the company had to close up.2) tranquil a.平静的;宁静的The rich and the powerful separated themselves from the consequences of industrial growth by moving away from the factory areas to the more tranquil and less polluted countryside.3) sideways a.斜着(的);斜向一边(的)To relax himself for a little while, he rose from the computer desk, walked across the room towards the window and stretched both arms upwards and sideways.4) be bathed in 沉浸于,沐浴于Bathed in glorious sunshine, the boundless(无边无际的) stretch of corn fields looked an impressive sight.5) barricade vt.在…设置路障n.路障,街垒The demonstrators barricaded the streets with burning tyres and threw stones at the police who were trying to scatter them with water cannon.6) analyze vt.分析;解析;研究As people identify their own problems and begin to analyze the conditions that contribute to the problems, they can develop strategies that are appropriate for their own culture, time and place.7) without/with not so much as 甚至连…都没…She picked up the receiver and, without so much as asking the caller to hold on, went off to tell Jack that he was wanted on the phone.8) with/by a small/large margin 小/大幅度地The number of visitors from parts of Scotland not including the Edinburgh area was, in fact, relatively small(19%), and exceeded the number of overseas visitors(16%)by a small margin.9) civilize vt.开化;使文明The early Spaniards established a chain of missions(传教团) to civilize the local population along the San Antonio River.10) hook up to 连接到The next generation Walkman will have a pair of small loudspeakers fitted inside, which you can easily hook up to your computer’s sound card.Unit 4 Extraterrestrials1) complicated a.复杂的,难解的The instrument panel(控制板) of the washing machine looks quite complicated, but all the switches are neatly marked.2) knock off 不工作;下班To my knowledge, the personnel in this company work on the eight-hour system. They start work at 8 a.m. and knock off at 5 p.m. with an hour’s lunch break.3) curse vt.,n.诅咒,咒骂After reading the news about her, the pop star cursed the reporter violently for making up the story and spreading the rumors(谣言).4) isolate vt.使隔离,使孤立Alliances with neighboring tribes are very important, because small isolated communities can be extremely vulnerable when they have to deal with emergencies.5) blink v.眨(眼);闪烁Something seemed to have got into my left eye; I blinked a few times trying to get rid of it but just couldn’t.6) regardless of 不顾;不管The manager is so arbitrary and self-centered that he often makes rude remarks regardless of other people’s feelings.7) arrangement n.安排The solar system is a stable arrangement of planets, comets and debris(碎片) orbiting the sun, and it is probably one of many such orbiting systems in the universe.8) garbage n.废话;垃圾;废物The safe disposal of waste is a legal requirement rather than an industry relying on consumer choice, so most garbage disposal companies will not be threatened by the economic recession(衰退).9) heave v.举起;升起It was amazing that the young man could heave the refrigerator up the steps on his own.10) catch sight of 一眼看见,瞥见Frank made his way to the door and was about to close it when he caught sight of a strange package lying outside the door.Unit 5 How to Celebrate Holidays1) under way 航行中;工作中A national debate is now under way about the manner in which we as a society shouldprotect our natural resources.2) reverse vt.反转;交换…的位置John made everyone laugh when he got the words reversed and referred to himself as “my husband’s wife.”3) repay vt.偿还,报答You can’t live a perfect day without doing something for someone who will perhaps never be able to repay you.4) specific a.明确的;具体的What people do, think, and feel may depend greatly on the specific conditions in which their behavior occurs.5) on sb.’s behalf/on behalf of sb. 为(某人),为了(某人)的利益;代表(某人)Johnson has worked in a law firm for many years, You can consider having him as our lawyer to act on your behalf when you need legal help.6) sprinkle vt.将…洒在…上;洒The cook put the meat on a plate, sprinkled it with salt and pepper, wrapped up the plate in aluminum foil(铝箔) and then placed it in the oven to roast.7) in turn 挨个地,轮流地Every waking moment we talk to ourselves about the things we experience. Our self-talk, the thoughts we communicate to ourselves, in turn control the way we feel and act.8) weep v.流(泪),(为…而)哭泣Laugh, and the world laughs with you; weep, and you weep alone.9) in secret 秘密地;暗自I don’t know what my my roommate is up to because he does everything in secret,either when I am away or when I am asleep.10) quote vt.引用,引述Jane never has any holiday. She works, to quote her daughter, “as if there was no tomorrow”.Unit 6 The Human Touch1) subtract vt.减去;扣除It is said the corporation has already subtracted a number of expenditures from the total cost; yet it still runs as high as 300 million dollars.2) nonsense n.废话;荒唐念头;愚蠢的行为I didn’t really like the book. Many of the tales told in it were pure nonsense or too wildto be believable.3) look the part 看上去很像I do prefer to wear smart clothes for work; it’s still not easy still not easy for women inbusiness to be taken seriously—I like to look the part.4) masterpiece n.(尤指艺术品)杰作;代表作No matter how great he is, no artist could be expected to complete a masterpiece every day, or even every year.5) for the rest 至于其它Make sure that the project is completed on time; for the rest, I am not much concerned.6) fierce a.凶猛的;愤怒的Much of old Berlin was destroyed during World War Ⅱby bombing and by fierce house-to-house fighting at the end of the war.7) mock v.嘲弄;取笑True, this football team is comparatively weak. But it is absolutely wrong to mock at their attempt to qualify for the World Cup Finals.8) cling to 紧紧抓住(或抱住)If a sheet of glass is lowered into the water and withdrawn, some water will cling to it but the rest will be pulled back into the main body of water.9) acute a.急性的;严重的As a direct result of the economic crisis, unemployment is becoming more acute in this country.10) flutter v.飘动,晃动On bright spring days, you can see lovely birds flutter among the bushes.Book 4Unit 1 Fight with the Forces of Nature1) in the case of 至于,就…来说Workers who have to work on weekends are paid twice the normal wages. In the case of national holidays, they get triple pay.2) retreat vi.退却Attacks by enemy aircraft forced the tanks to retreat from the city.3) stroke n.一次;一回;一下;一击By a stroke of good luck, Genelle, who had been buried in the rubble(瓦砾) for more than 26 hours, came out alive.4) at the cost of 以…为代价The government troops recaptured(收复) the city from the rebels(造反者) at the cost of two thousand casualties(受伤者).5) limp vi.一瘸一拐地走;跛行My brother wasn’t badly hurt, but he injured his leg and had to limp around for a few weeks.6) alliance n.联盟The Labor Party’s electoral(选举) strategy(策略), which was based on a tactical(作战的) alliance with other smaller parties, has proved successful.7) declaration 宣布;宣言The opening speeches sounded more like declarations of war than offerings of peace.8) bring to a halt 使停止Production in many factories has been brought to a halt by the delayed arrival of raw(生的,冷的) materials due to the dock(码头) workers’ strike(罢工).9) thanks to 由于,因为It was thanks to your timely help that we accomplished the task on time.10) take its/a toll 造成损失(伤亡等)The harassing(不断烦扰) problems of the past few months have taken their toll on her health and there are shadows beneath her eyes.Unit 2 Smart Cars1) manufacture vt.(大量)制造After the United States entered World War Ⅱin 1941, General Motors (GM美国通用汽车公司) ceased(停止,终止) civilian(民用的) automobile(汽车) production and started manufacturing tanks, airplanes, weapons, and other war supplies for the Allied forces(盟军,联军).2) in the air 空气中;在空中;悬而未决From the control tower, air traffic controllers coordinate(协调) aircraft movement both in the air and on the ground.3) monotonous a.单调的;一成不变的“Our routine on Mir(和平号空间站) rarely changed, but the days were not monotonous at all. I was living every scientist’s dream,” said one Russian astronaut.4) hazard n.危害;危险Traffic control establishes(制定) a set of rules and instructions that drivers, pilots, train engineers, and ship captains rely(遵守) on to avoid collisions(碰撞) and other hazards.5) get/be stuck in (sth.) 停留,被阻塞Further troubles developed in October 1995 when the tape recorder in the orbiter(按轨道运行的) Galileo(木星探测器) got stuck in the “rewind” position for 15 hours, wearing out a section of the tape.6) satellite n.卫星Since the launching(发射) of the first artificial satellite in 1957, thousands of “man-made moons” have been rocketed into the Earth’s orbit(轨道), each designed to serve a specific purpose or mission.7) convert v.(使)转变,(使)改变Telecommunications devices convert different types of information, such as sound and video, into electronic signals.8) magnetic a.磁的;有磁性的Radio telescopes have provided valuable information about other stars and about the magnetic fields of other planets in our solar system, especially Jupiter’s.9) take control of 控制In most communities in the United States, the local American Red Cross chapter(支部)has been authorized(授权) to take control of certain local public buildings in times of emergency.10) bunch v.使成一束(或一捆等)At the beginning of the race, the runners were bunched together on the track, but later some of them got ahead and left the others behind.Unit 3 Job Interview1) prospective a.可能成为的;预期的Salespeople often try to learn about the needs of the prospective buyer to make themselves more persuasive.2) chuckle vi.咯咯地笑I looked at Tom’s pictures and found some of them so amusing and funny that Icould n’t help chuckling.3) physical a.身体上的;按自然法则的Racing takes everything you’ve got—intellectually, emotionally, physically.4) take/have a crack (at) 尝试In my senior year I took a crack at writing a novel, but without much success.5) make a difference 改变观点或观状;产生影响She received an increase in pay and it has made a big difference big in her attitude towards work.6) partition n.分割物,隔离物Each suite on this floor has a removable partition that divides the room into a separate bedroom and living room.7) blurt vt.未加思索地冲口说出She appeared very nervous one evening. I asked her what was wrong, and she blurted that she had fallen in love with me.8) pry vi.窥探,探究He pried into his daughter’s personal life so ruthlessly that she stopped telling him anything.9) jet n.喷气式飞机The Earth is 93 million miles from the Sun. If you took a jet that flies 625 miles per hour to the Sun, it would take 17 years to get there.10) beyond anyone’s/one’s wildest dreams 无论如何也想不到的,做梦也不敢想的His goal is to get into the semi finals and it would be beyond his wildest dreams if he could go further than that.Unit 4 The Multicultural Society1) debt n.欠款;负债When he lost his job, he got into debt.2) thesis n.论题,论点;论文,毕业(或学位)论文During this period a student normally attends courses in research methodology(方法论) and is required at the end of the period to submit(提交) a thesis demonstrating(论证,证明) the results of his or her work.3) historical a.历史(上)的;史学的For complicated(复杂的) historical and political reasons, these border areas are among the most lawless regions in the world.4) precedent n.先例;惯例There are several precedents for promoting people who do not have formal qualifications(证书).5) destructive a.毁灭(性)的;破坏(性)的People are very concerned about the destructive effects that violent films may have on children.6) in the …sense 在…意义上All patients in that group are alike in the medical sense.在医学角度上所有病人都是平等的。

【大二英语】【中国文化概况】中国文化概况期末考试复习资料

【大二英语】【中国文化概况】中国文化概况期末考试复习资料

Chapter 1 A General Introduction to Chinese CultureWords and Expressions:the descendants of Y an and Huang 炎黄子孙porcelain 瓷器The appellation of ChinaChinese history began with two legendary figures—Emperor Huang and Emperor Y an, who, together with their tribes, inhabited the drainage area along the middle reaches(中游)of the Y ellow River. By the time of Xia Dynasty, after centuries of living side by side, these two tribes had gradually merged into(合并,融合)one. Consequently, the Chinese people usually call themselves “the descendants of Y an and Huang”.People at that time believed that the land they lived on was the center of the world, and called their state the "Middle Kingdom"(中国), thus giving China its country name.China is the appellation of our country given by foreigners. The porcelain china is the transliteration of the place name Changnan(昌南), which was the old name for Jingdezhen(景德镇). The porcelain made in Changnan was smooth and bright, and earned another name of artificial jade. It became famous both home and abroad and was exported to Europe in large quantities.In Europe, people regarded Changnan porcelain as something precious and delicate and would take pride in possessing one. As time passed, people in Europe forgot the meaning of Changnan and switched the original meaning of porcelain of the word “china” to the place of its origin.Chapter 2Chinese Philosophy and ReligionPart 1 Chinese Thoughts and PhilosophyWords and Expressions:Confucianism 儒家Taoism 道家The Analects 《论语》benevolence 仁慈,善行ritual礼制,仪式,惯例filial piety 孝,孝心The Development of Ancient Chinese PhilosophyThe philosophy in Pre-Qin times (先秦子学)The orthodox philosophy during the Han Dynasty (两汉经学)Metaphysics during the Wei and Jin dynasties (魏晋玄学)The buddhist philosophy during the Sui and Tang dynasties (隋唐佛学)Neo-confucianism in Song and Ming dynasties (宋明理学)Application philosophy in the Ming and Qing dynasties (明清实学)The philosophy in Pre-Qin times (先秦子学)The philosophy in Pre-Qin times was marked by the emergence of various ancient philosophical views.The most influential schools were Confucianism (儒家), Taoism (道家), Mohism (墨家) and Legalism (法家)1.ConfucianismConfucianism is a school of thought represented by Confucius and Mencius. Confucianism has influenced the Chinese for thousands of years and is deeply rooted in Chinese culture. It is an integration of intellectual, political, and religious tradition with the focus on the individual morality and ethics in daily life and the proper exercise of political power.Who is Confucius?Family name: Kong; Given name: Qiu; courtesy name: ZhongniHe is a great thinker, an educator, a statesman, a philosopher, the founder of the Confucian school and Confucianism.The landmark of Confucianism is the Analects, which was written by his disciples after his death. The core of Confucius’s philosophy are the concepts ofRen (benevolence)Ren(仁): Confucius defines it as “Airen”(爱人),that is , to love others.The Chinese character “仁”(benevolence) consists of “a person (人)” on the left and “two(二)” on the right indicating the relationship between people.Li (ritual)Li (ritual-礼)refers to the rules of human conduct and moral norms such as politeness, courtesy, propriety, proper etiquette and good manners ranging from speech and behavior to the performance of rituals which are usually codified and treated as an all-embracing system of socialnorms.Xiao (filial piety)Xiao(孝)refers to the filial piety, which was regarded as one of the greatest of virtues in Chinese tradition, denoting the respect and obedience that the children should show to their parents. Zhong (loyalty)Zhong(loyalty-忠)is a great virtue, which emphasizes the obligations and duties to the superior, to friends, family, and spouse.2. T aoismFounded by Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi, the school advocates the doctrine that the Dao is the course, the principle, the substance, and the standard of all things, to which all of them must conform. Based on the work of Dao De Jing, Taoism promotes the belief that a person should live a simple life, not to strive for wealth, fame or power, which will only give one worries and trouble. The school favours the political principle of “achieving good government through non-action”(无为而治)3. MohismBase on the teaching of Mozi, the school cherishes universal love which states that if all the people in the world loved one another, there will be no hatred, calamities, and hostilities.In politics and ethics, Mohism proposes honoring virtuous people, opposing fatalism (宿命论) and aggressive wars, and upholding thriftiness(节俭).4. LegalismLegalism, begun by Hanfeizi, espouses (主张) laying down laws to unify the thought of people, promoting agriculture to achieve affluence (富裕), waging (进行) wars to gain strength and power, and establishing a system of bureaucracy (官僚制度).The orthodox philosophy during the Han Dynasty (两汉经学)In the Han Dynasty, Emperor Wudi instituted the campaign of “banning all schools of thought except Confucianism(罢黜百家,独尊儒术)”. He chose officials from th ose who were steeped in Confucianism only. Consequently, Confucianism became an orthodox school that served as the ideological foundation of the feudal rule throughout the dynasties in China.Traditional Chinese ethicsTraditional Chinese ethics includes both good and bad elements. Some reflect the high standard ofmoral pursuit of the Chinese people, while others seem less relevant in modern society. For example, the three obediences and four virtues (三从四德) and the three basic rules and five constant virtues (三纲五常) have long been abandoned by the Chinese people.The traditional ideal of a woman is that she is a dependant being whose behavior is governed by “three obediences” (to father before marriage, to husband after marriage, and to son after becoming a widow: 未嫁从父, 既嫁从夫, 夫死从子) and four “virtues” (morality, pro per speech, modest manner, and diligence: 品德、言语、仪态、女工).These were the social norms prescribed by feudal morality.The three basic rules: a king should rule over his subjects; a father, his son; a husband, his wife (君为臣纲、父为子纲、夫为妻纲).The five constant virtues: benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, and fidelity (仁、义、礼、智、信).Part 2 Religions and BeliefsWords and Expressions:Heaven worship 祭天Ancestor worship 祭祖Confucianism 儒教The Confucian Temple 孔庙Taoism 道教The Five Elements 五行Buddhism 佛教Buddha 佛像,佛祖,佛陀nirvana涅槃Heaven worshipThe heaven worship was the bureaucratic(官僚的) belief system adopted by most dynasties of China until the overthrow(推翻) of the Qing Dynasty.Heaven was believed to manifest itself through the powers of the weather and natural disasters. Heaven was seen as a judge of humans.The emperors are Sons of Heaven(天子), and their power are authorized by heaven. Such beliefs actually consolidated(巩固) the authority of the Emperor.Ancestor worshipChinese worship of ancestors dates back to the prehistory. Chinese culture, Confucianism, and Chinese Buddhism all value filial piety as a top virtue, and the act is a continued display of piety and respect towards departed ancestors.Confucianism儒教Confucianism is not a real religion, it is just an ethical(伦理道德的) and philosophical system, which developed from Confucius‟ thoughts and later was treated as a kind of belief to educate common people(教化大众).The T aoist ReligionA General Introduction of TaoismTaoism is the indigenous (土生土长的) religion in China.The Taoist religion evolved out of witchcraft (巫术), necromancy(方术) and self-cultivation techniques. Its highest belief is called “Dao”, its bible is called “Dao De Jing”.It had great impact on the thinking of the Chinese people, as well as on the political, economic and cultural life of the country.BeliefsYin-yang TheoryYin-yang are opposing, Yin-yang are mutually rooted, Yin-yang mutually transform, Y in-yang mutually wax and waneThe Five Elements/Wuxing“五行”The relationship between the five elements:The Generating CycleWood feeds Fire; Fire creates Earth; Earth bears Metal; Metal carries Water; Water nourishes Wood.The Overcoming CycleWood parts Earth; Earth absorbs Water; Water quenches Fire; Fire melts Metal; Metal chops Wood.BuddhismBuddhism is the most important religion in China. It is generally believed that it was spread to China in 67 AD during the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220) from Hotan(和田)in Xinjiang to Central China. During its development in China, it has a profound (深远的)influence on traditionalChinese culture and thoughts, and has become one of the most important religions in China at that time.Its Deity is Sakyamuni(释迦牟尼);Its doctrine is based on transmigration(轮回).What is the fundamental cause of all suffering?Desire!What did the Buddha teach?The doctrine of Four Noble Truths (四谛)⏹life is suffering,⏹the cause of suffering is desire,⏹the answer is to quench (抑制) desire,⏹the way to this end is to follow the Eight-Fold Path (八正道).What do Buddhists believe?Nirvana is a peaceful, detached state of mind.Achieving Nirvana means escape from the cycle of rebirth.Buddhism in China has developed into three sections, namely the Han, Tibetan and Southern Buddhism.Chapter 3Chinese Characters, Calligraphy and PaintingWords and Expressions:Chinese Characters 汉字calligraphy书法calligrapher书法家Oracle bone script甲骨文The regular Script 楷书Four Treasures of the Study文房四宝brush 毛笔ink stick 墨ink stone 砚台The origin of the Chinese characters1.Keep records by tying knots (结绳说)2.The Eight Diagrams (八卦说)3.Cang Jie created the characters(仓颉造字说)The evolution of Chinese characters font(汉字的字体演变)Oracle bone scriptIt refers to incised(雕刻的) ancient Chinese characters found on oracle bones, which are animal bones or turtle shells used in divination(预言) in ancient China.Bronze ware script金文It refers to characters found engraved on bronze vessels, utensils, weapons etc. TheSealCharacters (篆书)Soft lines of strokes and upright rectangular shape keep the seal form characters more close to pictography (象形文字). Each of the characters has a balanced and symmetrical (对称的) pattern. The Official Script(隶书)It was the turning point in the evolution of Chinese scripts and is the foundation of the later script forms. It turned the remaining curved and round strokes of the seal form into linear (直线的) and flat square (扁方形) shapes.The regular Script (楷书)It is still today‟s standard writing. It is square in form, and non-cursive in strokes.Therunning Script (行书)The running form is somewhere between the regular and the cursive forms allowing simpler and faster writing.The Cursive/Grass Character(草书)This style of calligraphy is smooth and lively with strokes flowing and characters linking together.The characters are often joined, with the last stroke of one merging into the initial stroke of the next. It is executed freely and rapidly so that parts of the characters appear exaggerated (夸张的).CalligraphyPlaying musical instruments, playing chess,calligraphy and painting were considered as the four essential skills for a learned scholar.The Chinese saying “The handwriting reveals the person” (字如其人), is directly related to calligraphy.Four T reasures of the Study文房四宝brush毛笔ink stick墨paper 纸ink stone砚Famous Chinese Calligraphers in HistoryWang Xizhi —the sage of Chinese calligraphyZhang Xu (张旭)——the “sage of the cursive hand””草圣”Y an Zhenqing——the four greatest masters of Regular script.Liu Gongquan——a master of Regular Script and Running-cursive(行草)PaintingPaintingChinese Traditional Painting refers to ink - wash painting (水墨画) .Traditional Chinese paintings are not “purely” paintings. They combine fine art, poetry, calligraphy, and se al engraving to achieve an artistic unison (一致). Human figures, landscapes, flowers, birds, and pavilions are the most important themes of traditional Chinese painting.The classification of Chinese paintingAccording to subject matterFigure paintingLandscape paintingBird-and-flower paintingAccording to the techniqueThe xie yi schoolThe gong bi schoolChapter 4LiteratureWords and ExpressionsCelestial Poet (诗仙)Saint Poet (诗圣)Romance of the Three Kingdoms 《三国演义》Water Margin《水浒传》Journey to the West《西游记》Dream of the Red Mansions《红楼梦》The T ang PoemThe Tang Dynasty saw the continued development of Chinese poetry. The Complete Anthology of Tang Poems (《全唐诗》), edited in the early Qing Dynasty, is the biggest-ever collection of Chinese poetry. It contains 48,977 poems by 2,208 poets who wrote in different styles.The development of poetry in the Tang Dynasty can be classified into four stages, namely Early Tang, High Tang, Mid Tang, and Late Tang (初唐,盛唐,中唐,晚唐)Early T angThe Four Literary Eminences(初唐四杰)Wang Bo, Yang Jiong, Luo Binwang, and Lu ZhaolinHigh T angA whole generation of literary giants appeared during the High Tang period when society enjoyed prosperity and stability. Li Bai and Du Fu are regarded as the twin master poets of the Tang Dynasty.Li Bai,the “Celestial Poet (诗仙)”, has long been regarded the greatest romantic poet in Chinese literature. In his poems, imagination, exaggeration, diction and sonorous rhythms are blended effortlessly.Du Fu, the “Saint Poet (诗圣)”, has been considered as the greatest realistic poet in Chinese literature.A mirror of the times, his poems faithfully and profoundly reflect the social realities of Tang Dynasty in decline, like a poetic historical account. Because he reached perfection in developing a depressing literary style, his works have been considered as the classics of realism. The other poets in this period can be grouped into two categories: frontier poets (边塞诗人)represented by Gao Shi and Cen Shen, and pastoral poets (田园诗人)represented by Meng Haoran and Wang Wei.Mid-T angThe outstanding poet Bai Juyi succeeded Du Fu with poems reflecting the reality of society.Late T angWith the deterioration of the government in the late Tang Dynasty, the poems reflected, more and more, the hopeless and helpless feelings of the people. Poets turned to the theme of nostalgia (怀旧) for the former splendor (辉煌)of old times. The most talented of these were Li Shangyin and Du Mu, who were often called “Y oung Li Bai and Du Fu”.Fiction in the Ming and Qing DynastyIn the Song Dynasty, huaben (话本), the earliest novels written in colloquial language started to appear. By the Ming and Qing dynasties, novels grew rapidly as a lively and free literary form. The language of the novels was simple, easy to understand, and welcomed by the public.Four famous Chinese classical novelsRomance of the Three Kingdoms 《三国演义》Water Margin《水浒传》Journey to the West《西游记》Dream of the Red Mansions《红楼梦》Winner of the Noble Prize in Literature, Mo Y anOn 11 October 2012, the Swedish Academy announced that Mo Y an had received the Nobel Prize in Literature for his work . Aged 57 at the time of the announcement, he was the 109th recipient of the award and the first ever resident of mainland China to receive it .Mo Y an has written 11 novels, and several novellas and short story collections.《红高粱家族》Red Sorghum, 《天堂蒜薹之歌》The Garlic Ballads, 《十三步》Thirteen Step,《食草家族》The Herbivorous Family, 《丰乳肥臀》Big Breasts and Wide Hips, 《酒国》The Republic of Wine: A Novel,《红树林》Red Forest, 《檀香刑》Sandalwood Death, 《生死疲劳》Life and Death Are Wearing Me Out,《四十一炮》Pow!, 《蛙》FrogChapter 5EducationWords and ExpressionsPrivate Schools私塾Official Schools官学the Four Books andthe Five Classics四书五经Imperial Examination 科举Nine-year Compulsory Education 九年制义务教育V ocational Education 职业教育College Entrance Examination 高考Bachelor‟s degree学士学位Master‟s degree 硕士学位Doctor‟s degree 博士学位Confucius Institute孔子学院Private SchoolsA private school refers to a school set up by a family, clan, or teacher that generally had just one teacher who gave individual tuition, and that had no set textbooks and no specified time span of study.In the Spring and Autumn Period, private schools prevailed and many scholars of different schoolsof thought spread their teaching in this way. Among them, the private school run by Confucius was the largest and most influential.Confucius‟ private school:3000ciples(弟子);72 virtuous and talented studentsConfucius‟ educational ideas:“Education should be for all, irrespective of their social status.”(有教无类)“Six arts”: ritual, music, archery, chariot-riding, writing, and arithmetic.(六艺:礼、乐、射、御、书、数)Official SchoolsOfficial schools began during the Western Zhou Dynasty, and were sponsored by the official constitution called Xiangxue .Only children of nobles were admitted.The teaching materials were centered onthe Four Books andthe Five Classics(四书五经). Imperial Examination System (科举)Imperial Examination System in China began in the Sui Dynasty and lasted more than 1,300 years until the last examination was held during the Qing Dynasty.It was conducted at two levels: xiangshi(乡试) and huishi(会试)During the Ming and Qing Dynasty, the examination was designed to select jinshi(进士). It featured writing ,which involved the writing of an Eight-part Essay(八股文).After the Opium War in 1840with the spread of the Westernideology and technology in China ,it was under attack by people. It was abolished in 1905.Nine-year Compulsory EducationThe law of compulsory education came into effect on July 1, 1986, requiring each child to have nine years of formal education.China‟s Nine-year Compulsory Education is composed of two parts: six-years in primary school and three-years in junior high school.In 1989, China launched two ambitious projects: Project Hope (希望工程) and the Spring Bud Project (春蕾计划) These two projects have helped children, especially girls, in poor areas to attend schools.The National College Entrance Examination is an academic examination held annually in China aimed to select high-school graduates for college admissions.Higher EducationMore than two thousand universities, colleges, and institutes in China offer four or five-year programs. Students who have earned Bachelor of Arts or Science degrees may apply for Master of Arts or Science programs and then three-year Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) programs. Confucius InstituteConfucius Institute is not a generalsense of the university, butthepromotion and dissemination(传播)of Chinese culture and Chinese language education.Chapter 6Dress and Adornment CultureWords and Expressionsattire/ costume/trappings 服装、服饰The Silk Road 丝绸之路The Maritime Silk Road海上丝绸之路embroidery/im…brɔidəri /刺绣;刺绣品Li Brocade 黎锦The Intangible Cultural Heritage 非物质文化遗产China has many ethnic groups with a long history. For thousands of years, generations of clothing designers have devoted themselves to building the Kingdom of Clothes, making the garments that cover the human body into an important component of Chinese culture.Cheong-sam(Qi Pao)Cheong-sam came from Qizhuang of manchu women‟s costume. The cheongsam is easy and comfortable to wear, snugly fitting the female Chinese figure. Its neckline is high, collar closed, and its sleeves may be short, medium or full length, depending on the sea son or the wearer‟s taste. The dress is buttoned on the right side, with a loose bodice, a fitted waist, and side-slits to the hem, all of which combine to set off the beauty of the female‟s figure.Chinese tunic suit (Zhongshan suit /Mao suit)The modern Chinese tunic suit is a style of male attire known in China as the Zhongshan suit, and known in the West as the Mao suit (after Mao Zedong). Sun Zhongshan introduced the style shortly after the founding of the Republic of China as a form of national dress although with a distinctly political and later governmental implication.T ang CostumesA tang costumes (literally: "Chinese suit" ) is a Chinese jacket that originated at the end of the Qing Dynasty. The tangzhuang evolved from the magua (Chinese: 马褂), which the Han Chinese were forced to wear it during the Qing Dynasty. In modern times it has been adopted by common people. They are often worn by men, although women wear them as well.In Chinese communities, the Zhongshan suit, the western suit, and the Tang suit are the main forms of formal dress for men on many occasions.The Silk RoadThe Silk Road refers to the ancient trade route connecting Asia Continent and European Continent, usually it can be classified into Northern Silk Road on the land, and the Maritime Silk Road. Embroidery (刺绣)Embroidery is a traditional Chinese handicraft featuring flowers, birds and scenery on silk or other cloth in colored silk threads. Chinese embroidery dates back over 3,000 years. It has distinct regional and ethnic characteristics.Embroidery in China includes:Shu Embroidery (蜀绣) from Sichuan,Su Embroidery (苏绣) from SuzhouSu embroidery enjoys a good reputation of the first of the Top-four embroidery in China.Xiang Embroidery (湘绣) from HunanY ue Embroidery (粤绣) from Guangdong.Li BrocadeAcclaimed as a "living fossil" of Chinese textiles, the Li-style brocade was chosen in the first batch of items for the Intangible Cultural Heritage list released by UNESCO in 2009. The Li brocade has been part of China's national cultural heritage, but as few people nowadays have the skills necessary to weave the special brocades, the practice is in danger of becoming extinct.Chapter 7 Part 1Food CultureWords and Expressionsfoodie 吃货culinary厨房的,烹饪的;烹调用的cuisine烹饪,烹调法;菜肴main food主食,主粮(staple food )aroma芳香,香味seasonings调味品、调料A general introduction of Chinese foodChinese cuisine(菜肴)is widely seen as representing one of the richest and most diverseculinary(烹饪的) cuisines and heritages in the world.A meal in Chinese culture is typically seen as consisting of two or more general components: Zhushi (main food)---typically rice, noodles, or mantou (steamed bun), and accompanying dishes of vegetables, meat, fish, or other items, known as cai (dish) in the Chinese language. This cultural conceptualization is in some ways in contrast to cuisines of Northern Europe and the USA, where meat or animal protein(蛋白质) is often considered the main food(主食).Chinese cuisine is a complete presence of color, aroma(芳香,香味) and taste. (色香味俱全)In China, we have eight branches of cuisine.Shandong Cuisine山东菜系(鲁菜)Guangdong Cuisine广东菜系(粤菜)Sichuan Cuisine四川菜系(川菜)Hunan Cuisine湖南菜系(湘菜)Jiangsu Cuisine淮扬菜系(苏菜)Zhejiang Cuisine浙江菜系(浙菜)Fujian Cuisine福建菜系(闽菜)Anhui Cuisine安徽菜系(徽菜)Hainan CuisineHainan is noted for its "Four Best Known Dishes" -- Wenchang Chicken, Jiaji Duck, Dongshan Mutton东山羊and Hele Crab和乐蟹.Chapter 7 Part 2 T ea and Wine CultureA Brief Introduction to T ea CultureT ea (茶) commonly denotes the drink made from steeping(浸泡)the processed leaves, buds(芽), or twigs of the tea bush (茶树) in water.On both casual and formal Chinese occasions, tea is consumed regularly. In addition to being a drink, Chinese tea is used in Traditional Chinese medicine and in Chinese cuisine.It is universally acknowledged that China is the original tea-growing area, as well as the firstcountry to grow, produce and drink tea.At the end of the sixteenth century, the Dutch(荷兰人) brought word to Europe that there was a kind of magic leaf in the east, from which tasty drinks could be made, and this was the first time that Europeans heard of tea.In 1610, the East India Company(东印度公司) was the first to sell tea to Europe, after which the habit of drinking tea took root there. Britain is famous for its tea drinking.The Classifications of Chinese T eaGreen tea绿茶Black tea红茶Oolong tea乌龙茶Y ellow tea黄茶White tea 白茶Scented tea花茶Compressed tea砖茶Unique customs of taking tea in different regions:Guangdong Morning teaFujian Kongfu teaSichuan “Covered-bowl tea”Tibetan Buttered tea(酥油茶)Inner Mongolia Milk teaHainan Laoba TeaHainan Laoba T ea“Laoba tea”(Laoba means father) is a special scene in Haikou, a pot of tea with some snacks, people sit around an old table,for killing time and strengthening the relationship with theirs friends, it hasn’t the limitation of time or place. Most of places of traditional Laoba tea are barely furnished, the prices of food and tea there are cheap. The teahouse of Laoba tea is a little world of society, a mirror of the traditional life in Hainan.The Functions of Offering T eaTo show respectTo apologizeTo express thanks to the elders on one’s wedding dayT ea EtiquetteServing a cup of tea is more than mere politeness.When offered tea, it is considered polite to at least take a sip.When you pour tea, the rule of “full cup for wine and half cup for tea”should be observed. Chinese Wine CultureThe Origin of Chinese WineChinese wine, as a special form of culture, has a history of more than five thousand years . Chinese wine making can be traced back as far as 4000 BC, to the early period of the NeolithicY angshao Culture (新石器时代的仰韶文化). During its long development, Chinese wine has developed distinctive characteristics.T ypes of Chinese WineHuangjiu (yellow rice wine)Huangjiu is one of three dominated brewed wines (beer and grape wine) in the world. Huang Jiu predates all the other liquors, with a history of several thousand years. Among these liquors the Shaoxing Rice Wine is the most famous.Baijiu(white wine)Being made from sorghum, corn, barley or wheatFruit WineFermented alcoholic beverages made from a variety of base ingredients (other than grapes); May also have additional flavors taken from fruits, flowers, and herbs.Red WineA type of wine made from dark-coloured (black) grape varieties. The actual colour of the wine can range from intense violet, typical of young wines, through to brick red for mature wines and brown for older red wines.BeerT oast etiquetteChinese Drinking Etiquette(礼仪)The Chinese people care more about the people we drink with.That is Chinese drinking etiquette reflects the respect of the drinkersThe host and guests have their own seat and order of toast(敬酒顺序)When toast,the host come first,and firstly,they should toast the most honored guest.The wine vessel must be full.The younger should toast the elder and drink all of the wine.(先干为敬)Western Drinking EtiquetteThe drinking etiquette of west show the respect of wine.To distinguish wine we need to watch its color, smell its fragrance, taste its taste(观其色、闻其香、品其味). They drink for enjoying, so sometimes they drink themselves. They do not encourage others to drink, neither do they consider letting other drunk is a way to show their etiquette.Chapter 4 T raditional Festivals and CustomsWords and ExpressionsLegal holiday/ official holiday 法定节假日Solar calendar阳历Lunar calendar 阴历/ Agricultural calendar 农历Spring Festival (春节)Lantern Festival (元宵节)Tomb-sweeping Festival/ Qing Ming Festival (清明节)Dragon Boat Festival(端午节)Mid-autumn Festival (中秋节)Double Ninth Festival (重阳节)Intangible Cultural Heritage非物质文化遗产Spring Festival (春节)China’s most important festival falls on the 1st day of the 1st lunar month each year. Family members gather just as they do for Christmas in the West.CustomsSpring CleaningWrite and paste couplets(对联) on doorsSet off fireworksReceive Gift MoneyGreet each otherLantern Festival (元宵节)The Lantern Festival, celebrated on the 15th day of the first lunar month, is closely related to the Spring Festival. It marks the end of the New Y ear celebrations, following which life returns to normal. The most prominent activity of the Lantern Festival is the grand display of beautiful。

大二英语背书

大二英语背书

Unit one: Fresh start单词:dorm [dɔ:m] <n> 宿舍pitifully [‘pɪtɪfʊlɪ] <adv> 可怜地square [skwɛə] <v> 使成直角discreetly [dɪ’skri:tli] <adv> 谨慎地clutch [klʌtʃ] <v> 抓紧,握紧glimpse [ɡlimps] <n> 一瞥,模糊的感觉reserve [ri’zə:v] <n> 自制,储存whereabouts [,hwɛərə’bauts] <n> 下落manual [’mænjuəl] <n> 手册,指南demeanor [dɪ’mi:nə] <n> 行为deliberation [dɪ,lɪbə’reɪʃən] <n> 考虑crack [kræk] <v> 打开anthology [æn’θɔlədʒi:] <n> 诗文的选集literature [’litəritʃə] <n> 文学作品scribble [’skrɪbəl] <v> 潦草地书写crisp [krisp] <adj> 脆的,易碎的biology [bai’ɔlədʒi] <n> 生物学schedule [’skɛdʒul] <n> 时刻表furious [’fjuəriəs] <adj> 激烈的curse [kə:s] <v> 诅咒tip off [tip ɔf] 暗示,警告nourishment [’nʌriʃmənt] <n> 食物cafeteria [,kæfi’tiəriə] <n> 自助餐厅tray [trei] <n> 盘子goody [’gʊdi:] <n> 美味的甜食puddle [’pʌdl] <n> 水坑ketchup [’ketʃəp] <n> 番茄酱flail [fleɪl] <v> 四肢拼命乱动maneuver [mə’nu:və] <n> 动机,策略soaked [səʊkt] <adj> 被浸透的sandal [’sændl] <n> 凉鞋topple [’tɔpl] <v> 倾倒brigade [bri’ɡeid] <n> 旅sneak [sni:k] <v> 潜行humiliation [hju:, mɪli:’eɪʃən] <n> 羞辱junk food[dʒʌŋk fu:d] <n> 垃圾食品strategically [strə’ti:ʒɪkəlɪ] <adv> 策略地crunchy[’krʌntʃi] <adj> 发嘎吱声的chewy [’tʃu:i] <adj> 食物耐嚼的collapse [kə’læps] <v> 倒塌vaguely [’veɪglɪ] <adv> 含糊茫然地spaghetti [spə’ɡeti] <n> 意大利面条go out to sb给予某人同情victory [’viktəri] <n> 胜利clasp [klɑ:sp] <n> 拥抱,握紧slink [slɪŋk] <v> 偷偷溜走malicious [mə’lɪʃəs] <adj> 恶意的embarrass [im’bærəs] <v> 使窘迫popularity [,pɔpjə’lærɪti:] <n> 名气shackles [’ʃækəlz] <n> 束缚consciousness [’kɔnʃəsnɪs] <n> 意识 barefoot [’beəfʊt] <adj> 赤脚的composed [kəm’pəʊzd] <adj> 沉着的课文:Who cared whether I dropped a tray, where I sat in class, or even whether I showed up in the wrong lecture? Nobody. This wasn’t like high school. Popularity was not so important; running with the crowd was no longer a law of survival. In college, it didn’t matter. This was my bigchance to do my own thing, be my own woman – if I could get past my preoccupation with doing everything perfectly.Unit two: The company man单词:precisely [prɪ’saɪsli:] <adj> 严谨地obituary[əʊ’bɪtʃu: ,eri:] <n> 讣告coronary thrombosis [’kɔrə,neri θrɔm’bəusis] <n> 冠状动脉血栓形成acquaintance [ə’kweintəns] <n> 熟人instantly [’ɪnstəntli:] <adv> 立即workaholic [,wɜ:kə’hɔ:lɪk] <n> 工作狂classic [ ’klæsik] <n> 优秀的典范vice-president [’vais’prezidənt] <n> 副总裁conceivably [kən'sivəbli] <adv> 可以想象的executive [iɡ’zekjutiv] <n> 总经理extracurricular [’ekstrəkə’rikjulə] <adj> 课外的,课程以外的survivor [sə’vaivə] <n> 幸存者survive [sə’vaiv] <v> 比……活得长accurately [’ækjurətlɪ] <adv> 准确地funeral [’fju:nərəl] <n> 葬礼odd [ɔd] <adj> 零散的,古怪的grab [ɡræb] <v> 抓住,夺取board [bɔ:d] <v> 寄宿widow [’widəu] <n> 寡妇,遗孀deceased [dɪ’si:st] <n> 死者straighten out [’streɪtn aut] 结清option [’ɔpʃən] <n> 选择lineup [’laɪn,ʌp] <n> 行列课文:The youngest is twenty, a boy, a high-school graduate who has spent the last couple of years, like a lot of his friends, doing enough odd jobs to stay in grass and food. He was the one who tried to grab at his father, and tried to mean enough to him to keep the man at home. He was his father’s favorite. Over the last two years, Phil stayed up nights worrying about the boy.Unit three: Out of step单词:sedate [sɪ’deɪt] <adj> 安静的venerable [’venərəbəl] <adj> 庄严的residential [,rezi’denʃəl] <adj> 住宅的virtually [’və:tʃuəli] <adv> 实际上debonair [,debə’neə] <adj> 愉快而自信cappuccino [kæpu’tʃi:nəu] <n>卡布奇诺occasionally [ə’keɪʒ(ə)nəli] <adv> 偶尔stroll [strəul] <v> 闲逛,散步eccentric [ik’sentrik] <adj> 古怪的reluctantly [rɪ’lʌktəntlɪ] <adv>不情愿地habituate [hə’bɪtʃu:,eɪt] <v> 使习惯于unfurl [ʌn’fə:l] <v> 展开limb [lim] <n> 肢contortion [kən’tɔ:ʃɵn] <n> 扭曲,弄歪ludicrous [’lu:dɪkrəs] <adj> 可笑的extravagant[iks’træviɡənt] <adj>过度的squash [skwɔʃ] <n> (软式)墙网球treadmill [’tred,mɪl] <n> 跑步机tragically [’trædʒɪkəlɪ] <adv> 悲剧地calorie[’kæləri] <n> 卡路里deficient [dɪ’fɪʃənt] <adj> 不足的faintly [’feɪntlɪ] <adv> 微弱地,虚弱地editorial [,edi’tɔ:riəl] <n> 社论(美)pedestrian [pi’destriən] <n> 步行者motel [məu’tel] <n> 汽车旅馆dodge [dɔdʒ] <v> 闪躲,回避swiftly [’swɪftlɪ] <adv> 迅速地,敏捷地exasperate [ɪg’zæspə,reɪt] <v> 使恼怒negotiate [ni’ɡəuʃieit] <v> 谈判decorative [’dekərətɪv] <adj> 装饰的intersection [intə’sekʃən] <n> 横断woe [wəʊ] <n> 悲哀,苦恼comprehensive [,kɔmpri’hensiv] <adj> 广泛的renewal [rɪ’nu:əl] <n> 重建esthetically美学上地triumph [’traiəmf] <n> 胜利coo [ku:] <v> 温柔亲切地说commercially [kə’mɜ:ʃəlɪ] <adv> 商业上garage [’ɡærɑ:ʒ] <n> 车库suburban [sə’bɜ:bən] <adj> 城郊的geranium [dʒi’reinjəm] <n> 天竺葵anew [ə’nu:] <adv> 再,重新pull up [pul ʌp] 使停下unban <v> 准许curb [kə:b] <v> 限制gymnasium [dʒim’neiziəm] <n> 健身房suburb [’sʌbə:b] <n> 郊区notion [’nəuʃən] <n> 概念课文:In the United States we have become so habituated to using the car for everything that it doesn’t occur to us to unfurl our legs and see what those lower limbs can do. We have reached an age where college students expect to drive between classes, where parents will drive three blocks to pick up their children from a friend’s house, where the letter carrier takes his van up and down every driveway on a street.Unit four: Fun, oh boy. Fun. You could die from it单词:jewel [’dʒu:əl] <n> 宝石puritan [’pjʊərɪtn] <n> 清教徒overshadow [,əʊvə’ʃædəʊ] <v> 使失色fetish [’fetɪʃ] <n> 崇拜物flunk [flʌŋk] <v> 使不及格bumper [’bʌmpə] <n> 保险杠sticky [’stiki] <adj> 粘的,不动的refrigerator [ri’fridʒəreitə] <n> 冰箱traipse [treips] <v> 漫步,闲逛thrilling [’θrɪlɪŋ] <adj> 令人兴奋的licentiousness [lai’senʃəsnɪs] <n> 放肆alcohol [’ælkə,hɔl] <n> 酒精consumption [kən’sʌmpʃən] <n> 消费snapshot [’snæp,ʃɔt] <n> (快照)照片swill [swɪl] <v> 猛喝pouring [’pɔ:riŋ] <v> 倾,倒,涌出champagne [ʃæm’pein] <n> 香槟occasion [ə’keiʒən] <n> 机会,时机obviously [’ɔbvɪəslɪ] <adv> 明显地epitome[ɪ’pɪtəmi:] <n> 典型的人或事capacity [kə’pæsiti] <n> 才能damper [’dæmpə] <n> 使扫兴的人或事reverently [’revərəntlɪ] <adv> 恭敬地mirth [mɜ:θ] <n> 欢乐blaspheme [blæs’fi:m] <v> 亵渎malted ['mɔ:ltɪd] <adj> 被制成麦芽的chunky [’tʃʌŋki:] <adj> 矮胖粗短的weary [’wiəri] <adj> 疲倦的scan [skæn] <v> 细看,细查horizon [hə’raɪzn] <n> 范围,界限oughta [’ɔ:tə] <v> 应当,你知道nightfall [’naitfɔ:l] <n> 黄昏flick [flik] <v> 轻弹,轻击课文:I don’t mean to put a damper on things. I just mean we ought to treat fun reverently. It is a mystery. It cannot be caught like a virus. It cannot be trapped like an animal. The god of mirth is paying us back for all those years of thinking fun was everywhere by refusing to come to our party.I don’t want to blaspheme fun anymore. When fun comes in on little dancing feet, you probably won’t be expecting it. In fact, I bet it comes when you’re doing your duty, your job, or your work. It may even come on a Tuesday.Unit five: The real truth about lies单词:psychology [sai’kɔlədʒi] <n> 心理学volunteer[,vɔlən’tiə] <v> 志愿resident [’rezidənt] <n> 居民profess [prə’fes] <v> 声称falsehood [’fɔ:ls,hʊd] <n> 谎言participant [pɑ:’tisipənt] <n> 参加者earth-shattering <adj> 惊天动地的feign [feɪn] <v> 假装strikingly [’straɪkɪŋli] <adv> 醒目地deception [dɪ’sepʃən] <n> 瞒骗,欺诈preoccupation [pri:,ɔkjə’peɪʃən] <n> 全神贯注evidence [’evidəns] <n> 证据prevarication [prɪ,værɪ’keɪʃn] <n>搪塞institute [’institju:t] <v> 建立,制定 nonprofit [nɔn’prɔfɪt] <adj> 非营利的previous [’pri:viəs] <adj> 先前的serial [’siəriəl] <adj> 连续的respondent [rɪ’spɔndənt] <n> 回答者pundit[’pʌndɪt] <n> 有学问的人consultant [kən’sʌltənt] <n> 顾问specialize [’speʃəlaiz] <v> 专门从事spinning [’spɪnɪŋ] <v> 杜撰client [’klaiənt] <n> 顾客,当事人ubiquitous [ju:’bɪkwɪtəs] <adj> 无所不在fib [fɪb] <n> 小谎corporate [’kɔ:pərit] <adj> 公司的pumpkin [’pʌmpkin] <n> 南瓜invariably [ɪn’veəriəbli] <adv> 总是blurt out [blə:t aut] 直言为讳,脱口而出deceit [di’si:t] <v> 欺骗compliment [’kɔmplimənt] <n> 称赞appreciation [ə,pri:ʃi:’eɪʃən] <n> 欣赏lubricant [’lu:brɪkənt] <n> 润滑剂tangle [’tæŋɡl] <v> 纠缠weave [wi:v] <v> 编,织deceive [di’si:v] <v> 欺诈proliferation[prə,lɪfə’reɪʃn] <n> 增殖slippery [’slipəri] <adj> 狡猾的slope [sləup] <n> 斜坡wear down [wɛə daun] 磨损distinction [dis’tiŋkʃən] <n> 区别coarsen [’kɔ:sn] <v> 使变粗糙perception [pə’sepʃən] <n> 知觉warp [wɔ:p] <v> 弯曲initial [i’niʃəl] <adj> 最初的cynicism [’sɪnɪ,sɪzəm] <n> 讥笑falter [’fɔ:ltə] <v> (噪音)颤抖collapse [kə’læps] <v> 倒塌,崩溃ethicist [’eθisist] <n> 伦理学家principle [’prinsəpl] <n> 原则associate [ə’səuʃieit] <v> 联系,联合undermine [,ʌndə’main] <v> 破坏,削弱confound[kən’faʊnd] <v> 使混淆astound [ə’staʊnd] <v> 使震惊课文:The lies were most often not what most of us would call earth-shattering. Someone would pretend to be more positive or supportive of a spouse or friend than he or she really was, or feign agreement with a relative’s opinion. According to DePaulo, women in their interactions with other women lied mostly to spare the other’s feelings. Men lied to other men generally for self-promoting reasons.Unit six: How to write a rotten poem with almost no effort单词:rotten [’rɔtən] <adj> 极坏的squalid[’skwɔlɪd] <adj> 肮脏污秽的vein [vein] <n> 静脉via [’vaiə] <prep> 经过poetry [’pəuitri] <n> 诗,诗歌verse [və:s] <n> 诗bard [bɑ:d] <n> 诗人imponderable[ɪm’pɔndərəbəl] <adj> 无法估量的comradeship [’kɔmreɪdʃɪp] <n> 友谊 ideally [aɪ’di:əli:] <adj> 理想的evolve [I’vɔlv] <v> 使发展,使进化veritable [’verɪtəbəl] <adj> 名副其实的elevate [’eliveit] <v> 提高,提升brilliant [’briljənt] <adj> 才华横溢的mediocre [,mi:di:’əʊkə] <adj> 平庸的lyric [’lirik] <n> 歌词instruct [in’strʌkt] <v> 指示structure [’strʌktʃə] <n> 结构epic [’epik] <adj> 史诗般的optional [’ɔpʃənl] <adj> 随意的windmill [’wɪnd,mɪl] <n> 风车thumb [θʌm] <n> 拇指filing cabinet [’failiŋ’kæbinit] <n> 档案厨柜radiator [’reɪdi:,eɪtə] <n> 散热器profound [prə’faund] <adj> 意义深远的conflicting [kən’flɪktɪŋ] <adj> 相矛盾的conjure up [’kɔndʒəʌp] 凭幻想做出complexity [kəm’pleksɪti:] <n> 复杂性cuddle [’kʌdl] <v> 拥抱,依偎着睡aroma [ə’rəʊmə] <n> 芳香rhyming [raimɪŋ] <n> 押韵prosaic [prəʊ’zeɪɪk] <adj> 散文的toast [təust] <n> 烤面包thrust 推力oriented [’ɔ:rientid] <adj> 导向的aura [’ɔ:rə] <n> 气氛,氛围grossly [’grəʊslɪ] <adv> 非常,十足optimistic [,ɒptɪ’mɪstɪk] <adj> 乐观的incidentally [,ɪnsi’dentəli] <adv> 偶然地starve [stɑ:v] <v> 挨饿课文:So you want to write a poem. You’ve had a rotten day or an astounding thought or a car accident or a squalid love affair and you want to record it for all time. You want to organize those emotions that are pounding through your veins. You have something to communicate via a poem but you don’t know where to start.This, of course, is the problem with poetry. Most people find it difficult to write a poem so they don't even try. What’s worse, they don’t bother reading any poems either. Poetry has become an almost totally foreign art form to many of us. As a result, serious poets either starve or work as account executives. There is no middle ground. Good poets and poems are lost forever simply because there is no market for them, no people who write their own verse and seek out further inspiration from other bards.Unit seven: The chaser单词:chaser [’tʃeisə] <n> 追求者[’kri:ki:] <adj>嘎吱作响,老ə] <v> 凝视dim [dim] <adj> 昏暗的’hɔ:l,weɪ] <n> 走廊,过道obscurely [əb’skjuə] <adv> 模糊不清地家具buff [bʌf] <n> 米色很高兴认识你l axative [’læksətɪv] <n> 泻药打断liquid [’likwid] <n> 液体ɪmpə’septəbəl] <adj> 感觉不到的,细微的əridʒ] <n> 饮料autopsy[’ɔ:,tɔpsi:] <n> 尸体解剖poison [’pɔizən] <n> 毒药indifferent [in’difrənt] <adj> 漠不关心的ʊl] <n> 一茶匙的量æprɪ’hensɪən] <n> 药剂ə’blaidʒ] <v> 帮忙,效劳ɔnfi’denʃəpermanent [’pə:mənənt]juəl] <adj> 偶然的,临时的impulse [’impʌls] <n> 凭冲动行事əli] <adv>detachment [di’tætʃmənt]’sʌbstitju:t] <v> 代替ɔ:n] <n> 轻蔑,鄙视ædɔ:’reiʃən] <n> ’fleivə] <n> 风味,情趣cocktail [’kɔkteil] <n> 鸡尾酒giddy [’gɪdi:] <adj> 轻狂的solitude [’sɔlitju:d] <n> 单独jealous [’dʒeləs] <adj> 妒忌的rapture [’ræptʃə] <n> 极度狂喜sole [səul] <adj> 唯一的draught [drɑ:ft] <n> 通风处neglect [ni’ɡlekt] <v> 疏忽siren [’saiərin] <n> 妖冶而危险的女人overwhelm [,əuvə’hwelm] <v>淹没,’fɜ:vəntlɪ] <adv> 热烈地divorce [di’vɔ:s] <v> 与……离indulge [in’dʌldʒ] <v> 满足,沉溺drawer [drɔ:] <n> 抽屉phial [’faɪəl] <n> 小玻璃瓶better off [’betəɔf] 生活比较优裕Unit eight: Knowledge and wisdom单词:超过əs] <adj> 先前的ə’relətiv] <adj> 相关的停止ən’tribjut tu:] 有助于[prə’pɔ:ʃən] <n> 比capacity [kə’pæsiti] <n> 才能due [dju:] <adj> 适当的take account of 考虑technician [tek’niʃən] <n> 技术人员engage [ɪn’ɡeɪdʒ] <v> 从事intellectual [,ɪnti’lektjuəl]<adj> 智力的infant [’ɪnfənt] <n> 婴儿,未成年人[’pɔpjələs] <adj> 人口’tækjulə] <adj> 引人入胜的ɔmpə’ziʃən] <n> 作文,构图atom [’ætəm] <n> 原子incidentally [,ɪnsi’dentəli] <adv> 偶然地lunatics [’lu:nətɪk] <n> 精神病人constitute [’kɔnstitju:t] <v> 构成,组成illustrate [’iləstreit] <v> 说明’eminənt] <adj> 知名杰出的historian [his’tɔ:riən] <n> ’tɔ:t] <v> 歪曲philosophy [fi’lɔsəfi] <n> 哲学indefinite [in’definit] <adj> 无限ɪn’kʌl,keɪt] <v> 反复灌输standard-bearer [’stændəd,beərə]emancipation [ɪ,mænsə’peɪʃən] <n> (从束缚,支配下)解放prejudice [’predʒudis] <n> 偏见attainable [ə’teɪnəbl] <adj> 可到达的inherently [ɪn’herəntli] <adv>elixir [ɪ’lɪksə] <n> 长生不老药ən’fə:] <v> 授予heroic [hi’rəuik] <adj> ’mju:tʃuəl] <adj> 共有的仇恨,憎恶’trʌkʃən] <n> 破坏ə’pɔ:liŋ] <adj> 令人震惊的恶习,不道德的admixture [æd’mɪkstʃə] <n> 附加剂,混合物injustice [ɪn’dʒʌstɪs] <n> 不公平persuasiveness 说服力wickedness [’wɪkɪdnɪs] <n> 邪恶enmity [’enmɪti:] <n> 敌意,仇恨æɡmənt] <n> 碎片’tirəni] <n> 专横,暴行ʊ,ɪzəm] <n> 自我主义ə’raɪzn] <n> 水平(线)ɪm,pɑ:ʃɪ’ælətɪnecessarily [’nesisərili]essence [ˈesns] <n> 本质,精华disinterested [dɪsˈɪntrɪstɪd] <adj> 无私地课文:I think the essence of wisdom is emancipation, as far as possible, from the tyranny of the here and now. We cannot help the egoism of our senses. Sight and sound and touch are bound up with our own bodies and cannot be impersonal. Our emotions start similarly from ourselves. An infant feels hunger or discomfort, and is unaffected except by his own physical condition. Gradually with the years, his horizon widens, and, in proportion as his thoughts and feelings become less personal and less concerned with his own physical states, he achieves growing wisdom. Thisis of course a matter of degree. No one can view the world with complete impartiality; and if anyone could, he would hardly be able to remain alive. But it is possible to make a continual approach towards impartiality, on the one hand, by knowing things somewhat remote in time or space, and on the other hand, by giving to such things their due weight in our feelings. It is this approach towards impartiality that constitutes growth in wisdom.欢迎您的下载,资料仅供参考!致力为企业和个人提供合同协议,策划案计划书,学习资料等等打造全网一站式需求。

大二英语重点单词 Words and phrases

大二英语重点单词 Words and phrases

U n i t1W o r d s a n d P h r a s e s1.a b u s i v e:a d j.u s i n g o r c o n t a i n i n g c u r s e s骂人的,陋习的a b u s i v e f a t h e r暴力的父亲a b u s e:v.1)t r e a t s b.b a d l y;e x p l o i t虐待某人,剥削a m u c h ab u s e d w i f e备受虐待的妻子2)m a k e b a d o r w r o n g u s e o f s t h.:滥用、乱用(某事)a b u s e o n e’s a u t h o r i t y滥用权力,a b u s e o n e’s t r u s t辜负信任a b u s e:n.d r u g a b u s e滥用药品,c h i l d a b u s e虐待儿童2.b o m b a r d(L.13)v.—w o r r y w i t h q u e s t i o n s,r e q u e s t s,c o m p l a i n t s,e t c.困扰,质问T h e a u d i e n c e h i m w i t h m a n y q u e s t i o n s.I’m n o t v e r y k e e n o n w a t c h i n g T V,b e c a u s e w h e n e v e r y o u t u r n i t o n,y o u a r e w i t ha l o t o f a d v e r t i s e m e n t s.3.d e v a l u e(L.54)v.—r e d u c e t h e w o r t h o r v a l u e o f(s b./s t h.)降低,贬低L o t s o f p e o p l e t r i e d t o t h e g r e a t w r i t e r’s w o r k,a l l i n v a i n.W e s h a l l h a v e t o o u r c u r r e n c y s o o n i f w e d o n’t w a n t t o s e e a s h a r p d r o p i n o u re x p o r t s.构词法:前缀d e-有“减少,降低”之意。

大二英语期末复习资料(带答案)

大二英语期末复习资料(带答案)

题型Part I Dialogues(10%, 1X10=10 pts)Part II Structure(20%, 1X20=20pts )Section A 单选题Section B 单词变形Part III Reading Comprehension (40%, 2X20=40ptsSection A 3篇短文Section B: Page17 Exercise 1、Page80 Exercise 1、Page146 Exercise 1、Page168 Exercise 1 Part IV Translation (20%, 2X10=20pts):英汉互译各5个Part V Writing(10%)1.用英文填写银行开户的申请表2。

Exercise 2-3。

3.写一封信去预定飞机票(注意事项:1. 6月20日从万州到北京的经济舱机票一张;2. 询问学生票是否打折;3. 要求尽早告知是否有票以及机票价钱;4. 写信日期:2014年6月10日。

5.注意信函格式!)复习范围Part I Dialogues1、4、7、8单元的对话部分Part II StructureSection A 单选题1. I want to stay up late__B__ the TV tonight.A. watchB. to watchC. watchedD. watching2. Since Jack was busy, he nearly had no time to go to the cinema; D .A. Jane did tooB. Jane didn’t as wellC. so did JaneD. nor did Jane3. We ask him to do morning exercises, but he is not used to _____B____ early in the morning.A. get upB. getting upC. be gotten upD. being gotten up4. ___C_____ with the developed countried, some African countries are left far behind.A. CompareB. To compareC. ComparedD. Comparing5. If I ___B__ where he lived,I _______a note to him.A. knew, wouldB. had known, would have sentC. know, would sendD. knew, would have sent6. A guitar will not __B____ a lot of space.A. make upB. take upC. keep upD. put up7. He said he ___A___ traving with his family after the entrance examination.A. consideredB. will considerC. would considerD. has considered8. It was not until yesterday evening ___B__ he made his decision known.A. whenB. thatC. as9. Wait a minute. I will ___A___ you to the library.A. go along withB. get along withC. take along withD. play along with10. If I were to do the work, I ___B____ it some other way.A. will doB. would doC. would have doneD. were to do11. According to the timetable, the train for Beijing ___A___ at 16:10 every day.A. leavesB. will leaveC. leftD. is leaving12. No sooner ___B____ themselves in their seats in the cinema ________ the film began.A. they have settled; beforeB. had they settled; thanC. have they settled; whenD. they had settled; than13. You can never use my computer. At no time ____B___ that machine.A. you should touchB. should you touchC. touch should youD. touch you should14. I have bought the same dress ____B_____ she is wearing.A. howB. thatC. whichD. what15. What you need now is more action and ____C____ talk.A. littleB. fewC. lessD. fewer16. She tried her best to practise ___D____ oral French.A. speakB. spokeC. to speakD. speaking17. From the library we can borrow ___B____ many books as we want to read.A. thatB. suchC. asD. too18. There are so many dresses there that I really don’t know ___C____ to choose.B. whenC. whichD. that19. It is reasonable for people to do the jobs related ____C___ their interests.A. inB. onC. toD. at20. The hotel __C____ I stayed during the vacation was rather poorly managed.A. asB. whatC. whereD. which21. The flowers ____B____, otherwise they will not live.A. need be wateredB. need wateringC. need to waterD. need being watered22. There is no evidence ____D____ he was on the site of the murder.A. whereB. whichC. howD. that23. By the end of this year, I ____B____ for the company for 10 years.(有误,答案做参考)A. workB. have worked worked D. will have work24. You can ___D____ the low monthly rent of 500 yuan.A. take use ofB. make advatange ofC. make use toD. take advantage of25. Not until the day before yesterday ____D____ to give a speech at the meeting.A. he agreedB. does he agreeC. he agreesD. did he agree26. He failed in the examination, _____A____ made his father very angry.A. whichB. itC. thatD. what27. The assistant enjoys ____C__ for her boss even if he treats her very strictly.A. workB. to workC. workingD. worked28. July 23rd, 1921 is the day ___B___ we should remember.A. whenB. thatC. in whichD. as29. We moved to London ____A____ we could visit our friends more often.A. so thatB. in caseC. even ifD. as if30. July 23rd, 1921 was the day ___A___ the Communist Party of China created.A. whenB. thatC. in whichD. aSection B 单词变形1. No one can enjoy total (free) ___freedom__to do whatever they like.2. His (commented)_comment_on the new film is very impressive.4. The football players were (excitement)_excited_on hearing the news of their team’s victory.is a pity that the young (explore)_explorer_died on his way back.6. The man should be (responsibility) _responsible__ for the car accident.7. The Mid-autumn Day is our (tradition) __traditional_ festival.8. It’s (usual) __unusual__ for the night owl to go to bed so early.9. His gentleness and beauty has left me a deep (impress) __impression__.10. In the minds of children, spring is always (associate) __associated__ flying kites.11. Please offer your suggestion and criticism at your earliest (convenient)_convenience_.12. Chongqing is increasingly become one of the major (finance) financial centers.13. Columbus is said to have (discover) discovered America in 1492.14. The little kid got (confuse) confused with the math task.15. Her former boyfriend’s (invite)invitation letter made her upset all day.16. I need a large income (support) __to support___ such a large family.17. Would you please show me your (register) ___registration___ card?18. The movie star’s (attend) ___attendance____ adds to the excitement of the fans.19. Books used to be our (majority) __major__ source of information.20. It’s good for health for old people to live a life of (simple) ___simplicity___.21. An actor is required to (memorable)___memorize____his lines.22. The speech given by the famous professor left us all rather (confuse)___confusion___.23. She could not cope with the difficulty well because she was(experienced)__unexperienced__.24. She is (selection)___selected___in the dresses she wears.Part III Reading ComprehensionSection A 3篇短文Section B: Page17 Exercise 1、Page80 Exercise 1、Page146 Exercise 1、Page168 Exercise 1 Part IV Translation1.Providing you with the best environment to learn and study is a primary goal for the University. 为你提供最好的学习环境和学习是大学的主要目标。

大二上学期期末词汇及翻译

大二上学期期末词汇及翻译

大学英语高级班第三学期期末词汇复习Unit 1 “We’ve been hit!”1.Suddenly rain lashed against the windows. 突然,大雨猛烈地抽打在窗户上。

The Cuban leader lashed out against the policy of the US President. 古巴领导人猛烈抨击美国总统的政策。

2.But observers scoff at such notions. 但是观察家对这种说法嗤之以鼻.3.Once again he conjured up the illusion. 他又唤起那种错觉.4.Life is only illusion. 浮生若梦.5.The speaker was an experienced man, composed and steady. 这位演讲者风度老练, 从容不迫.6.The customs figures show a steady decline in British trade. 关税数字表明英国的贸易一直在走下坡路.7.Oil spills devastate the natural environment, endanger public health, imperil drinking water and disrupt theeconomy. 石油泄漏破坏自然环境, 危害公众健康, 污染饮用水且扰乱经济.8.Souls are so purified in purgatory. 人的灵魂将在炼狱中得到净化.9.Stealing a car and then driving it drunk was the ultimate idiocy. 偷了车然后醉酒开车真是愚蠢到极点.10.Many people regard accumulation of riches as the ultimate value of life. 很多人认为积累财富是人生最高的价值.11.Don't put me into a dilemma. 不要使我左右为难.12.She was in a dilemma as to whether to stay at school or get a job. 她进退两难,不知该留在学校读书还是找份工作.13.I have been studying English off and on for ten years. 我断断续续学了十年英语.14.A single spark can start a prairie fire. 星星之火,可以燎原.15.You can't take the transfer students' exam without your transcripts. 没有成绩证明书,你就不能参加转学考试.16.Against my premonitions, I was duty - bound to reassure my old friend from Singapore.尽管我有祥的预感, 但我有义务安抚我的新加坡老朋友.17.Many Americans are of English descen t. 许多美国人的祖籍是英国.18.The country's economy is on the verge of collapse. 国家的经济已到了崩溃的边缘.19.One ant - hole may cause the collapse of a thousand - li dyke. 千里长堤,溃于蚁穴.20.If you work too hard, your health may collapse. 如果你工作太累的话, 你可能病倒.21.Fight to the last gasp. 奋战到底,不死不休.22.One cannot easily make a bargain at the last gasp. 人在快要死亡的时候,是很难讨价还价的.23.The colour in this material does not fade. 这布料不褪色.24.Their names will never fade from the memory of the world. 他们的名字永远不会从世人的记忆中消失.25.Beauty will fade, but not goodness. 美貌会凋谢, 但美德不会.Unit 3 My stroke of luck1. If the interests of two countries collide, there may be a war. 如果两个国家的利益相抵触, 那会引发一场战争.2. Psychiatrist: What makes you think you have an inferiority complex? 精神病医生: 是什么让你认为你有自卑情结?3. He had a flash of intuitio n. 他灵光一闪.4. Don't let the noise of others' opinions drown out your own inner voice , heart and intuition. 不要让别人的意见淹没了你内在的心声.5. Fortune has rarely smiled on me. 幸运几乎与我无缘.6. His past experience qualified him to handle such a delicate matter. 他过去的经验使他有办法处理好这件微妙的事.7. Put the plates gently on the table, they are very delicate. 把碟子轻轻放在桌上, 这些碟子非常易碎.8. I could not erase from my mind the poignant thought. 我无法驱散萦绕在我心头的痛切之感.9. She let the news slip by mistake , in an unguarded moment. 她一不留神泄漏了消息.10. One single slip brings eternal regret , and looking back, your whole life has passed away. 一失足成千古恨, 再回头已过百年身.11. Better to slip with the foot than with the tongue. 宁可失脚滑倒,不可随口失言.12. That failure was a blow to my ego. 那项失败是对我自尊心的一个打击.13. I could do little to console her for the loss of her son. 对于她失去儿子的事我安慰不了她.14. The malignant tumor does not recur. 恶性肿瘤没有复发.15. I would authorize someone to do some work that is in my responsibility. 我会授权别人处理一些我职责内的工作.16. Her husband was the chief beneficiary of her will. 她丈夫是她遗嘱的主要受益人.17. The drug made her speak with a slur. 药物使她口齿不清.18. That which was bitter to endure may be sweet to remember. 往日艰辛回味甜.19. Only if we handle them with kid gloves. 只要我们小心行事就行了.20. He refused to allow his secretary to handle confidential letters. 他不让秘书处理机密文件.Unit 4 Cultural encounters1.We can't access the Internet.我们连不上网。

大二重点英语单词汇总

大二重点英语单词汇总

大二重点英语单词汇总1. Academic (adj.) - relating to education and scholarship2. Accommodate (v.) - to provide with a place to live or stay; to fit in with the needs of3. Accurate (adj.) - correct and true in every detail4. Acquire (v.) - to obtain or gain possession of something5. Adapt (v.) - to adjust or modify to fit new conditions6. Adequate (adj.) - enough or satisfactory for a specific purpose7. Adolescent (n.) - a young person who is transforming into an adult; a teenager8. Advocate (v.) - to publicly support or recommend a particular cause orpolicy9. Aesthetic (adj.) - concerned with beauty or the appreciation of beauty10. Affordable (adj.) - reasonably priced; not too expensive11. Agriculture (n.) - the practice of cultivating land and breeding animalsfor food, fiber, medicinal plants, and other products12. Analyze (v.) - to examine in detail in order to understand or explain13. Animate (adj.) - alive or having life14. Anticipate (v.) - to expect or predict that something will happen15. Apparent (adj.) - clearly visible or understood; obvious16. Appropriate (adj.) - suitable or proper for a particular occasion or purpose17. Articulate (adj.) - expressing oneself clearly and effectively18. Ascend (v.) - to go up or climb19. Aspect (n.) - a particular part or feature of something20. Assemble (v.) - to gather together or collect into a single place or group21. Assess (v.) - to evaluate or estimate the nature, quality, ability, extent, or significance of something22. Assimilate (v.) - to absorb and integrate into a larger whole23. Assign (v.) - to appoint someone to a particular job or task24. Attain (v.) - to achieve or accomplish something25. Attribute (n.) - a quality or characteristic that is considered to be a part of someone or something26. Authentic (adj.) - genuine, real, or true27. Autonomous (adj.) - having the freedom to govern oneself; independent28. Background (n.) - a person's education, experience, and social circumstances29. Bias (n.) - prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another30. Bilingual (adj.) - able to speak two languages fluently31. Boundaries (n.) - limits indicating the extent of something32. Calculate (v.) - to determine by reasoning, experience, or common sense33. Capacity (n.) - the maximum amount that something can contain or produce34. Capital (n.) - money, property, or resources used in the production of more wealth35. Categorize (v.) - to arrange or classify according to a system or set of principles36. Cease (v.) - to bring or come to an end; stop37. Challenge (n.) - a task or situation that tests someone's abilities or determination38. Characteristic (n.) - a distinctive feature or quality that defines someone or something39. Circumstance (n.) - a fact or condition connected with or relevant to an event or action40. Civil (adj.) - relating to ordinary citizens and their concerns, as distinct from military or religious matters41. Clarify (v.) - to make clear and understandable42. Coincide (v.) - to occur at the same time or place; correspond exactly43. Collapse (v.) - to fall down or give way suddenly; to fail suddenly and completely44. Collect (v.) - to bring or gather together in one place for a common purpose45. Collaborate (v.) - to work jointly on an activity or project46. Colleague (n.) - a person with whom one works, especially in a profession or business47. Commence (v.) - to begin or start48. Comment (n.) - a verbal or written expression of opinion or reaction49. Commodity (n.) - a raw material or primary agricultural product that can be bought and sold50. Communicate (v.) - to share or exchange information, news, or ideas。

大二英语知识点总结

大二英语知识点总结

大二英语知识点总结1. English GrammarIn the past two years, I have learned the basic English grammar rules, including parts of speech, tenses, sentence structure, and verb forms. Understanding the parts of speech, such as nouns, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, verbs, and conjunctions, is crucial for constructing grammatically correct sentences. I have also mastered the different verb tenses, such as present simple, past simple, present continuous, and present perfect, and learned how to use them appropriately in different contexts.Furthermore, I have learned about sentence structure, including subject-verb agreement, word order, and the use of articles and prepositions. By understanding these rules, I can write clear and coherent sentences that effectively convey my thoughts and ideas. Additionally, I have learned about the different verb forms, such as infinitives, gerunds, and participles, and how they are used in different sentence structures.2. English VocabularyExpanding my English vocabulary has been an important part of my studies. I have learned a wide range of vocabulary words, including synonyms, antonyms, and idioms. I have also learned how to use context clues to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words when reading and how to use a variety of strategies to memorize new words, such as creating flashcards, using mnemonic devices, and practicing with word lists.In addition, I have learned how to use a thesaurus and dictionary effectively to find synonyms, antonyms, and definitions of words. This has helped me improve my writing and speaking skills and communicate more effectively in English.3. Reading and Writing SkillsDeveloping strong reading and writing skills has been a major focus of my studies. In reading, I have learned how to analyze and interpret literary texts, including novels, poems, and plays. I have also learned how to identify and analyze literary devices, such as imagery, symbolism, metaphor, and simile, and how they contribute to the meaning and theme of a text.In writing, I have learned how to write different types of essays, including expository, persuasive, and argumentative essays. I have also learned how to structure an essay, create a strong thesis statement, and provide evidence and support for my arguments. Additionally, I have learned how to use proper grammar, punctuation, and citation styles, such as MLA and APA, in my writing.4. LiteratureStudying English literature has been a fundamental part of my education. I have learned about different literary periods, including the Renaissance, Romanticism, Victorian, andModernism, and the major writers and works of each period. I have also learned how to analyze and interpret different literary genres, such as fiction, poetry, and drama, and how to identify the themes and motifs in literary works.Furthermore, I have learned about the cultural and historical contexts of literary works and how they influence the themes and characters in the texts. Studying literature has deepened my understanding of human nature, society, and the human condition, and has broadened my perspective on the world.In conclusion, the past two years of studying English have provided me with a solid foundation in grammar, vocabulary, reading and writing skills, and literature. I am confident that the knowledge and skills I have learned will continue to benefit me in my future studies and career. I look forward to further expanding my knowledge and skills in the field of English and continuing to grow as a student and as a person.。

大二第二学期英语期中考试资料2

大二第二学期英语期中考试资料2

1.I’ve already had one holiday in Africa,and I’m not___on going there again.D.keen 热心的,渴望的---我已经在非洲度过一次假,不想再去了。

A.willing 自愿的B.ready 有准备的C.eager 热心于2.Both the labor and the management made a lot of___and at last they came to an agreement.C.concessions 让步---劳资双方都做出很大的让步,最后达成了一致意见。

A.sessions 会议B.recessions 退后D.conferences 会议3.A lot of ants are always invading my kitchen.They are a thorough___.A.nuisance 麻烦事---总是有好多蚂蚁进我的厨房,真烦人。

B.trouble 麻烦,烦恼C.worry 忧虑D.anxiety 焦虑4.She cooked the meat for a long time so as to make it___enough to eat.D.tender 嫩的,软弱的---她把肉炖了好长时间,让它吃起来足够嫩。

d 温柔的,温和的B.slight轻微的C.light 易消化的,不腻的5.The manager needs an assistant that he can___to take care of problems in his absence.B.count on 依靠,指望---经理需要一个助手,在他外出的时候能帮他处理问题。

A.count in 把?计算在内C.count up 把?加起来D.count out 点数6.We love peace, yet we are not the kind of people to___to any military threat.A.yield 出产,生产---我们热爱和平,然而我们也是不屈服于武力威胁的民族。

大二下学期期末英语复习册

大二下学期期末英语复习册

大二下学期期末英语复习册听力Unit 11 D. Do whatever she can to exercise .2 A. He may have some social events to attend.3 B. People can smoke in the designated areas of pubs and bars.4 C. Impacts of family violence on children5 C. A piece of wholegrain bread答案:DABCC1 C. Running in a park d exercising in a gym .2 B. Because getting up early is too difficult for her3 D. Sitting before her computer4 A. For exercise like jogging in the zoo答案:CBDA1 A. The quick tasks2 C. Make use of your most productive time of day .3 D. He opens his inbox only when it's necessary .4 C. To give some tips on how to manage time .答案:ACDC1 A. What the man will do after graduation2 D. She looks younger than she is3 C. Physical inability and loneliness4 B. Having plenty of opportunities .5 D. People may have different opinions on the court decisions .答案:ADCBD1 C. What to wish for in life2 B. It makes couples appreciate each other .3 A. He lost his job and house and was sick for years4 D. Giving the woman advice on important things in life答案:CBAD1 B. They live to a much older age2 C. About four years3 D. It is high in fruit , vegetables and whole grains .4 A. Diet and lifestyle are crucial to good health答案:BCDA1 D. Going camping with friend2 D. Because she couldn't fit two programs into her schedule3 C. Because she will have a visitor4 B. Warm clothes5 A. Confirm her hotel reservation .答案:DDCBA1 D. It has nice paths and camping sites2 D. By using both their cart and backpack3 B. Bake a chocolate cake .4 C. Walk together in the beauty of nature答案:DDBC1 B. Because the exhibition will last for no more than a week2 C. Beds and sofas that you can try out .3 A. It provides a practical experience for us to think about laziness .4 C. Sit down , relax and be lazy for a while答案:BCAC1 C. provide financial help for homeless people2 A. Holding some social activities3 B. Use the subway to avoid heavy traffic4 C. Extend a helping hand and give love to poor people .5 D. How to reuse items to live a green life .答案:CABCD1 B. Because he has too much work to complete2 A. To help him do his work in her free time .3 B. He should have confidence in himself .4 D.Because it offers seasonal foods.答案:BABD1 A. Less innovation efforts2 D. 45.3 percent3 D. Because they see more opportunities for promotion as baby boomers retire4 C. The reasons for job dissatisfaction are found to be various答案:ADDCUnit51 Her music style is unique2 D. What to do on their tour of Rome3 B. Modern opera4 C. 7 hours5 D. The actors remain silent throughout it答案:CDBCD1 B. She finds many sites stay unchanged2 D. Viewing the bridge from a hill3 C. Eat before continuing their tour .4 A. To truly experience it in no rush .答案:BDCA1 C. The wife of a wealthy merchant2 A. The use of a wood panel3 D. Drawing the subject with accurate details4 B. The reasons for the fame of the Mona Lisa .答案:CADBUnit61 B. They are disappointing2 A. Hosting a radio program3 B. It makes viewers feel superior4 D. By communicating on the internet5 C. It is bringing families closer答案:BABDC1 C. Because the father is meeting with his colleagues online .2 D. Because he wants to check the news about a golf player .3 A. Having dinner without any electronics4 C. Electronics sometimes cause family disagreements答案:CDAC1 D. Because it gives us a break from the harsh realities2 C. They do their utmost to gain attention3 D. because they contain things desired by common people .4 B. Celebrities' lives are similar to those of common people答案:DCDBUnit71 B. They need more supervision over the high charges and bribes2 A. More food assistance programs are needed for ill-nourished people3 C. Help people change their understanding and feelings about old a4 B. Governments should cooperate more to solve the problem5 D. She often gives up what she tries to do答案:BACBD1 D. Go to a store to get more emergency items .2 B. Flashlights and cash3 D. Because the credit card machines may not work properly .4 A. $200答案:DBDA1 B. The stealing of retail items from their stores by thieves2 A. Sell goods at higher prices than they normally do3 D. Larger retailers .4 C. Putting security devices on products答案:BADC十五选十Unit 1Have you ever heard people1 C mentioned2 I determine3 A gained4 O responsible5 F heavily6 H artistic7 M opposite8 K analytical9 J distorted10 D stumpedUnit 2I was once1 J achieving2 M gorgeous3 L considered4 B context5 I accessories6 A appreciated7 H complexion8 O handsome9 D comment10 F admirationUnit 3In some urban1 G frequently2 L addiction3 E disrupted4 A stress5 H sphere6 N challenge7 B quantify8 O financial9 K administrate10 I immersed答案 :G L E A H N B O K LUnit 4Farming invariably1 E incomparable2 G preserve3 I available4 N proportion5 F utilized6 O converted7 J dreadful8 B balance9 L sane10 A considerable答案:E G I N F O J B L AUnit 5Stereotypes have1 L exterior2 E insights3 O complete4 J course5 G inconsistencies6 H offended7 A gestures8 C ornaments9 I sense10 M distinctive答案;L E O J G H A C I MUnit6To invest1 H reason2 D levy3 N generating4 G lightweight5 A reduction6 F enhance7 O achieved8 K emancipate9 J relationships10 E approaches答案:H D N G A F O K J EUnit 7With environmental1 D particulates2 J viable3 N disagree4 H cite5 O rotary6 B vary7 K little8 G minimize9 E locating10 L designed答案:D J N H O B K G E LUnit 1中庸思想是儒家思想的核心内容。

大二下学期英语复习(词汇翻译精华)

大二下学期英语复习(词汇翻译精华)

⼤⼆下学期英语复习(词汇翻译精华)Vocabulary1.The Labor Party's electoral(竞选的)strategy,which was based on a tactical alliancewith other minor parties,has proved successful.⼯党选举(竞选的)策略,这是基于⼀个战术与其他⼩党派联盟,已证明是成功的。

2.The government troops recaptured the city from the rebels at the cost of twothousand casualties.军队付出了2000⼈的伤亡,从叛军⼿中重新夺回了这座城市。

3.By a stroke of good luck,Genelle,who had been buried in the rubble(⽡砾)for morethan26hours,came out alive.吉妮(Genelle)幸免于难,他被埋在⽡砾中长达26个⼩时以上。

4.My brother wasn't badly hurt,but he injured his leg and had to limp around for a fewweeks.我哥哥伤得不重,但他的腿受了伤,不得不⼀瘸⼀拐地⾛了⼏个星期。

5.The aircraft was subjected to a test of temperatures of minus65degrees Celsius andplus120degrees.飞机接受了零下65摄⽒度和120摄⽒度的测试。

6.Tax incentives combined with cheap labor will attract companies to the westernregions of our country away from the east coast.税收优惠和廉价劳动⼒将把公司从东海岸吸引到我国西部地区。

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大二英语复习资料Unit14. Harry has a vivid imagination; he can make up __________ stories.7. __________ sports are recommended to young adults to prepare them for the__________ world of college and business.8. It __________ me to admit that I was such a fool as to repeat the mistake.9. My boss paid me and added a __________ for the new customers I had signed up.10. A soldier should never __________ from the duty of defending his country even inthe face of certain death.11. Due to exceptionally bad weather, the ship arrived late and the __________ ofgoods was not on time.12. My wife was rather embarrassed when she __________ some of our guests saythey didn't like the meal she'd cooked for them.13. People in my hometown tend to eat more __________ food on hot summer dayspresumably because it could help quench their thirst |(解渴)|.14. In the United States it is quite easy to find a place __________, but the high costkeeps many young people away.15. The professor was reluctant to stop grading the __________ of papers on her desk,but she was really too tired to read on.16. Bacteria __________ themselves by splitting into two.4. At first the man demanded two hundred dollars for the used bike but eventually he had to _______ half that amount.8. It may be ______ to learn to drive an automobile but many new drivers are afraid to drive on crowded city streets until they have more experience.9. An unpleasant task like this needs to _______ as quickly as possible. 11. I think I _______ to know why I was fired.12. Peter has been away from Rockford for _______, so he knows nothingabout what happened there recently.Unit41 It took quite a while for the tour guide to the scattering of tourists into aminibus2 Henry was a poor dancer , he kept on the toes of his partner4 I thought he was when he said Helen was pregnant ,but she really is.5 The committee needs to be in with the program designer, especiallyat the very beginning of the development.7 We turned one last time to to Mr. and Mrs. Johnson when the trainbegan to pull out of the station11 The plane had already its descent when the pilot received orders to hislanding.12 Nowadays countries vary in their supply of eary education programs(3) When I was a young child my father often went to New York _______(4)Barry was seriously injured when his car -- ----a truck at a busy junction (7)Evelyn stretched out on her back and stared into the dark ,trying to----the day’sUnit5their condition because they may become so distressed as to commit suicide.3. We note with satisfaction that all these activities have helped to ________ mutual understanding and friendship between our two countries.5.________ in government is not tolerated in any country that wants to achieve rapid economic growth and improve the life of its citizens.6. Mary ________ her friends by going back on her words.8.In that accident, Julian __________ her own life to help a disabled woman.10.Mrs. Queen gave us a ________ account of what had happened; that'swhy we no longer believe in the sincerity of her utterances.11.In every country parents always remember the first time their child ________ the word "Mama" or "Dad".2.Mrs. Anderson ________ to keep her son from getting mixed up in such dreadful things.4. Mr. Pope has lost his good reputation _______ his friends as a result of the scandal.6. When the children saw their father come back from the coal mine, theycould hardly ______ crying because they were so happy to know he was unhurt in the terrible accident.9. It is easy to _______ bad habits but very difficult to break away from them.13. He thanked them for the hospitality and _______.14. I found the newspaper job rather boring; it had me doing the same thing ______.writing short, clear sentences arranged in logical _________.6. A special commission will be set up within three months to study thequestion of how to _________ historical houses in the city.7. Her appearance isn't _________ to whether she can be a good teacher.</Question>8. It is not very easy to _________ yourself into a society whose culture is so different from your own.9. So graceful was the dancer that she just seemed to _________ over the floor.10. The ultimate object of scientific _________ is to discover the laws of nature.11. The driver was still _________ when the ambulance arrived at the scene of the accident.12. Despite _________ pain, he refused all drugs.13. _________, her husband figured out that she was still bitter about hisrecent behaviour in spite of the apparently cheerful tone of the letter.< 14. Owning _________ books is useless unless you read them11. We are positive that this trade agreement will ______ the developing world.12. The scientific approach to a problem *lies* first of all *in* collectingas much data as possible.Unit7coach.4. Banks have to think of ways of making long-term savings more__________ to individuals and businesses.12. The night was very dark, and suddenly a __________ of lightning lit the sky.13. The Browns were very __________ to us when we visited Chicago in thesummer of 1995. They showed us around most of the city.14. Ways must be found to __________ our children a decent start in life.15. In some countries, the constitution __________ the military use of nuclear energy.1. Left to themselves, those flood victims would not have been able to ______.2. The theme of that traditional Chinese opera is the terrible fate of ayoung scholar and a beautiful lady who fall in love with each other _______.4. I asked if I could use his car. "_______, " he replied.6. I have the impression that many language teachers _______ talk too much.7. If Jim's father had known that he was going to the gambling house, hewould *not* have *allowed* him to go out.Unit101. Dana came back from her holiday with __________ strength and decided to go on with the experiment.2. Mary is as vain as a peacock and always wants to be the __________ of attention.5. Jane experienced a loss of __________ after giving up her career to get married.6. Like food, fuel, etc., water is a basic __________ of life.9. Our organization seeks to improve the social __________ of disabledpeople by providing them with better employment opportunities.12. When Albert got a position in London all of his friends __________ himbecause the job would offer him more opportunities to go abroad. 13. If you feel you have any cause for __________ about the service youcan call the head office of the company.14. In the __________ of any substantial evidence, the suspect was found not guilty.15. Therapies (疗法) like acupuncture(针灸)do work and many patients2. _______ , what he said at the meeting is true except that a few figureshe quoted are not very reliable.4. The weekend ______ at the hotel were not as efficient as the regularweekday _______so many of the customers complained to the manager about the bad service.5. _______ his savings, he has an income of $20,000 a year.1.The weather is responsible for the delay.由于天气关系才耽误了。

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