软件工程介绍--英文版
软件工程专业英文介绍PPT
methods and tools for professional software development. Expenditure on software represents a significant fraction of GNP in all developed countries.
An Introduction to Software Engineering
©Ian Sommerville 2006
Software Engineering, 8th edition. Chapter 1
Slide 1
Objectives
To introduce software engineering and to explain le 2006
Software Engineering, 8th edition. Chapter 1
Slide 5
FAQs about software engineering
What is software? What is software engineering? What is the difference between software
©Ian Sommerville 2006
Software Engineering, 8th edition. Chapter 1
Slide 3
Software engineering
The economies of ALL developed nations are dependent on software.
0835软件工程一级学科简介
0835软件工程一级学科简介一级学科（中文）名称：软件工程（英文）名称： Software Engineering一、学科概况软件工程经过四十余年的发展，明确了自身的学科问题，形成了软件工程领域的基础理论、工程方法与技术体系，完善了软件工程教育体系，具备了学科的完整性和教育学特色，具有广泛的研究领域和研究方向，作为独立学科为软件产业发展提供了理论、技术与人才支撑。
1968年在德国举行的NATO软件工程会议上，为应对“软件危机”的挑战，“软件工程”术语被首次提出。
在这个时期，具有代表性的软件工程定义是“为了经济地获得在真实机器上可靠工作的软件而制定和使用的合理工程原则和方法”。
1972年，IEEE学会计算机协会第一次出版了“软件工程学报”。
此后，“软件工程”这个术语被广泛用于工业、政府和学术界，众多的出版物、团体和组织、专业会议在它们的名称中开始使用“软件工程”这个术语，很多大学的计算机科学系先后开设了软件工程课程。
1980年代末到1990年代初，基于瀑布模型的软件开发过程和结构式过程语言编程范型占主导地位，软件工程研究在软件需求分析、软件设计、软件测试、软件质量保证、软件过程改进等多个子领域得到深化和扩展，形成了软件工程学科的雏形。
同期，软件工程教育得到卡内基·梅隆大学软件工程研究所（SEI）的培育和支持。
该研究所调查软件工程教育的现状，出版软件工程推荐教程，在卡内基·梅隆大学建立软件工程硕士教育计划，并组织和推动软件工程教育者研讨会。
1991年，ACM和IEEE-CS的计算学科教程CC1991专题组将“软件工程”列为计算学科的九个知识领域之一。
1993年，IEEE-CS和ACM 为了将软件工程建设成为一个专业，建立了IEEE-CS/ACM联合指导委员会。
随后，该指导委员会被软件工程协调委员会（SWECC）替代。
SWECC 提出了“软件工程职业道德规范”、“本科软件工程教育计划评价标准”以及“软件工程知识体系（SWEBOK）”。
0835软件工程一级学科简介
0835软件工程一级学科简介级学科（中文）名称：软件工程（英文）名称：Software Engineering一、学科概况软件工程经过四十余年的发展，明确了自身的学科问题，形成了软件工程领域的基础理论、工程方法与技术体系，完善了软件工程教育体系，具备了学科的完整性和教育学特色，具有广泛的研究领域和研究方向，作为独立学科为软件产业发展提供了理论、技术与人才支撑。
1968年在德国举行的NATC软件工程会议上，为应对“软件危机” 的挑战，“软件工程”术语被首次提出。
在这个时期，具有代表性的软件工程定义是“为了经济地获得在真实机器上可靠工作的软件而制定和使用的合理工程原则和方法”。
1972年，IEEE学会计算机协会第一次出版了“软件工程学报”。
此后，“软件工程”这个术语被广泛用于工业、政府和学术界，众多的出版物、团体和组织、专业会议在它们的名称中开始使用“软件工程”这个术语，很多大学的计算机科学系先后开设了软件工程课程。
1980年代末到1990年代初，基于瀑布模型的软件开发过程和结构式过程语言编程范型占主导地位，软件工程研究在软件需求分析、软件设计、软件测试、软件质量保证、软件过程改进等多个子领域得到深化和扩展，形成了软件工程学科的雏形。
同期，软件工程教育得到卡内基•梅隆大学软件工程研究所（SEI）的培育和支持。
该研究所调查软件工程教育的现状，出版软件工程推荐教程，在卡内基•梅隆大学建立软件工程硕士教育计划，并组织和推动软件工程教育者研讨会。
1991年，ACM和IEEE-CS的计算学科教程CC199传题组将“软件工程”列为计算学科的九个知识领域之一。
1993年，IEEE-CS和ACM为了将软件工程建设成为一个专业，建立了IEEE-CS/ACM联合指导委员会。
随后，该指导委员会被软件工程协调委员会（SWEQC替代。
SWECC 提出了“软件工程职业道德规范”、“本科软件工程教育计划评价标准”以及“软件工程知识体系（SWEBOK”。
课程名称-英文(软件工程)
体育4-1 Physical Education Ⅳ-1艺术欣赏ⅠAppreciation of ArtⅠ大学英语3-1 College EnglishⅢ-1小学生心理发展2-1 Elementary school student psychological development Ⅱ-1硬笔书法Hard-tipped Pen Calligraphical计算机应用基础Computer Applications Basic大学英语3-2 College English Ⅲ-2体育4-2 Physical Education Ⅳ-2中国近现代史纲要Outline of Modern Chinese History中国古典诗歌意象专题Chinese Classical Poetry Imager Thematic Curriculum应用开发 Application and Development计算机维修与维护Computer Repair and Maintenance体育4-3 Physical Education Ⅳ-3高等数学2-1 Advanced Mathematics Ⅱ-1信息科学导论Introduction to Information Science军事理论Military Theory （1 credit）民族音乐学Ethnomusicology计算机网络Computer Networks操作系统Operating SystermC#.net 应用开发C#.net Application and DevelopmentWEB应用开发WEB Application and Development新闻学原理与应用Principle and Application of JournlismUNIX高级程序设计UNIX Advanced Programming定向运动与野外生存Orienteering and Outdoor Life高等数学2-2 Advanced Mathematics Ⅱ-2软件需求分析Software Requirement Analysis毛泽东思想和中国特色社会主义Mao Zedong Thought and Socialism With China Characteristics软件测试技术Software Test Technology国家学生体质健康标准National Student Physical Heath Standard心理健康（1学分）Mental Health （1 credit）形势与政策（1学分）Situation & Policy （1 credit）大学英语四级CET-4 College English Test（Band 4）毕业论文（设计）Graduation Thesis（design）思想道德修养与法律基础Thought morals Tutelage and Legal Foundation数学思维教育Mathematical Thinking Education现代汉语2-1 Modern Chinese Language Ⅱ-1儿童文学2-1 Children's LiteratureⅡ-1儿童文学2-2 Children's LiteratureⅡ-2小学生心理发展2-2 The Psychological Development of Children Ⅱ-2教师成长与专业发展Teachers Professional Development军训（1学分）Military Training（1 credit）现代汉语2-2 Modern Chinese Language Ⅱ-2实用化学实验The Utility of Chemistry Experiment编译原理Fundamentals of Compiling数据库原理Fundamentals of Database大学英语3-3 College English Ⅲ-3数据结构Data Structure线性代数Linear Algebra民谣弹唱基础Folk Guitar Based体育4-4 Physical Education Ⅳ-4C语言程序设计 C Language Program Designing马克思主义基本原理Basic Principles of Marxism算法设计与分析Algorithmic Design & Analysis英文文献导读English Literature新闻英语News EnglishULM原理与应用Principle & Application of UML计算机组成原理Principles of Computer Composition离散数学Discrete Mathematics毛泽东思想和中国特色社会主义Mao Zedong Thought and Socialism WithChina Characteristics软件工程Software Engineering项目开发与管理Project Development and Management专题讲座Lecture各类讲座（2学分）All kinds of Lectures（2 credits）专业实习Specialty Practice社会实践（2学分）Practical Work（2 credits）。
软件工程介绍--英文版
Topics covered
FAQs about software engineering Professional and ethical responsibility
Engineering) What are the attributes of good software? What are the key challenges facing software
engineering?
What is software?
Computer programs and associated documentation such as requirements, design models and user manuals.
Software products may be developed for a particular customer or may be developed for a general market.
Software products may be
• Generic - developed to be sold to a range of different customers e.g. PC software such as Excel or Word.
FAQs about software engineering
What are the costs of software engineering? What are software engineering methods? What is CASE (Computer-Aided Software
软工英文版2-Process
▪ 对象图是类图的一种实例化。一张对象图表示的 是与其对应的类图的一个具体实例，即系统在某 一时期或者某一特定时刻可能存在的具体对象实 例以及它们相互之间的具体关系。
Object Diagram（对象图）
作者
名字：String 年龄：Integer 0..1
Uses
类图
计算机
名字：String 内存：Ineger
小王：作者
名字 =“王小影” 年龄 =32
小王的工作PC： 计算机
名字 = “Dell486” 内存 = 64
对象图
小王的工作PC： 计算机
名字 = “Compaq X” 内存 =32
Object Diagram（对象图）
RUP动态结构
▪ 初识阶段 ▪ 细化阶段 ▪ 构造阶段 ▪ 移交阶段
每个阶段包含一个或多个迭代
RUP的核心
▪ RUP核心是解决可操作性问题，帮助开发人员尽 可能少地依赖那些“不可描述的经验”。
▪ 它详细给出了 每个阶段参与该过程的各种角色， 该角色在该过程中的产出。
RUP的核心
1. 尽早并且持续的化解重大风险：风险列表是不 断变化的，要持续不断的化解风险。
源代码，可执行体 ▪ Workflow 工作流：when 例如 顺序图
RUP分析设计步骤
1. 创建Actors； 2. 创建Use Cases，并描述每个Use Case（功能描
述）； 3. 创建Sequence Diagrams, Statechart Diagrams,
得到系统Objects； 4. 从Sequence Diagrams分析出的Objects入手，
(完整)软件工程专业英语
软件工程英语文档：Documents软件工具：Software Tools工具箱：Tool Box集成工具：Integrated Tool软件工程环境：Software Engineering Environment传统：Conventional经典：Classical解空间：Solution Domain问题空间：Problem Domain清晰第一，效率第二Clarity the first，Efficiency the next。
设计先于编码Design before coding使程序的结构适合于问题的结构Make the program fit the problem开发伴随复用，开发为了复用Development with reuse, Development for reuse。
靠度量来管理:Management by Measurement软件度量学：Software Metrics软件经济学：Software Economics软件计划WHY软件分析WHAT软件实现HOW软件生存周期过程的开发标准Standard for Developing Software Life Cycle Process软件开发模型:Software Development Model编码员：Coder瀑布模型：Waterfall Model快速原型模型:Rapid Prototype Model 增量模型:Incremental Model线性思维：Linear Thinking演化模型：Evolutionary Model螺旋模型：Spiral Model对象：Object类：Class继承：Inheritance聚集:Aggregation消息：Message面向对象＝对象Object+分类Classification+继承Inheritance+消息通信Communication with Messages 构件集成模型：Component Integration Model转换模型：Transformational Model净室软件工程:Cleanroom Software Engineering净室模型：Cleanroom Model软件需求规格说明书：Software Requirement Specification ，SRS分析模型：Analysis Model便利的应用规约技术：Facilitated Application Specification Techniques ,FAST结构化语言：Structured Language判定树：Decision Tree基数：Cardinality事件轨迹：Event Trace对象－关系Object—Relationsship结构化分析:SA（Structured Analysis）由顶向下，逐步细化Top-Down Stepwise Refinement面向对象分析：Object-Oriented Analysis包含：Contains临近：Is Next To传到：Transmits to来自:Acquires from管理:Manages 控制:Controls组成:Is Composed of细化：Refinement抽象：Abstraction模块:Module策略：Strategy信息隐藏:Information Hiding数据封装：Data Encapsulation抽象数据类型：Abstract Data type模块化设计：Modular Design分解：Decomposition模块性：Modularity单模块软件：Monolithic Software模块独立性：Module Independence内聚：Cohesion偶然性内聚:Coincidental Cohesion逻辑性内聚：Logical Cohesion时间性内聚：Temporal Cohesion过程性内聚： Procedural Cohesion通信性内聚：Communicational Cohesion顺序性内聚：Sequential Cohesion功能性内聚:Functional Cohesion非直接偶合:No Direct Coupling数据偶合：Data Coupling特征偶合:Stamp Coupling控制偶合:Control Coupling外部偶合:External Coupling公共偶合：Common Coupling内容偶合： Content Coupling由底向上设计：Bottom-Up Design自顶向下设计：Top-Down Design正式复审：Formal Review非正式复审：Informal Review走查，排练：Walk-Through会审：Inspection映射:Mapping传入路径：Afferent path传出路径：Efferent path变换中心：Transform Center接受路径：Reception path动作路径:Action path事务中心:Transaction Center分支分解：Factoring of Brandches瓮形：oval-shaped一个模块的控制域：Scope of Control 一个模块的作用域：Scope of Effect 结构化程序设计：Structured Programming通心面程序:Bowl of Spaghetti流程图：Flow Diagram编码:Coding方框图：Block DiagramPDL （Pidgin）：Program Design Language伪代码：Pseudo CodeJSD:Jackson System Development对象建模技术：Object Modeling Technique基础设施:Infrastructure控制线程：Thread of Control保护者对象:Guardian Object协议：protocolUML：Unified Modeling Language OMG：Object Management Group统一方法:Unified Method关联:Association泛化:Generalization依赖：Dependency结点：Node接口：Interface包：Package注释： Note特化：Specialization元元模型：Meta—Meta Model用户模型：User Model静态图:Static Diagram动态图：Dynamic Diagram用例视图：Use Case View逻辑视图:Logical View并发视图：Concurrent View构件视图:Component View实现模型视图：Implementation Model View部署视图：Deployment View航向：Navigability重数：Multiplicity共享聚集：Shared Aggregation组合：Composition泛化：Generalization简单消息：Simple Message同步消息：Synchronous Message异步消息:Asynchronous Message事件说明：Event_Signature守卫条件:Guard_Condition动作表达式：Action_Expression 发送子句：Send_Clause时序图：Sequence Diagram协作图：Collaboration Diagram前缀:Predecessor循环子句：Iteration-Clause活动图：Activity Diagram构件图：Component Diagram配置图：Deployment Diagram建模过程指导(RUP）：Rational Unified Process可执行代码:Executalbe Codes实现：Implementation编码风格：Coding Style标准：Classical控制流的直线性：Linearity of Control Flow程序风格设计要素：先求正确后求快 Make it right before you make it faster.先求清楚后求快 Make it clear before you make it faster.求快不忘保持程序正确 Keep it right when you make it faster.保持程序简单以求快 Keep it simpleto make it faster。
软件技术专业介绍英语作文
软件技术专业介绍英语作文Software Engineering: A Comprehensive Overview.Software engineering is a comprehensive and multifaceted discipline that encompasses the design, development, deployment, and maintenance of software systems. It involves the application of scientific and mathematical principles to the creation and improvement of software, ensuring its efficiency, reliability, and maintainability.Software engineering professionals, known as software engineers, are responsible for transforming user requirements into functional and robust software solutions. They utilize a structured and systematic approach to software development, adhering to well-defined processes and methodologies.Key Concepts in Software Engineering.1. Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC): The SDLC isa comprehensive framework that outlines the phases of software development, from planning and requirements gathering to testing and deployment. It ensures a systematic and organized approach to software creation.2. Software Requirements: Software requirements define the functionality, performance, and other attributes of the software system. They serve as the foundation for software design and development, ensuring that the final product meets the intended needs of the users.3. Software Design: Software design involves creating blueprints for the software system. It defines the architecture, data structures, and algorithms that form the backbone of the software.4. Software Implementation: The implementation phase involves writing the actual code that brings the software design to life. Software engineers select appropriate programming languages and development tools to translate the design into a functional system.5. Software Testing: Testing is a crucial phase that ensures the software meets the specified requirements and functions as expected. Software engineers employ various testing techniques to identify and rectify any errors or defects.6. Software Deployment: Deployment refers to the process of delivering the software to the end-users. It involves creating installation packages, configuring the software, and providing documentation and training.7. Software Maintenance: Software maintenance involves updating and improving the software over its lifespan to ensure it remains effective and meets changing user needs. It includes bug fixes, feature enhancements, and performance optimizations.Importance of Software Engineering.Software engineering plays a vital role in the modern world, underpinning the functionality of countless devices,systems, and applications that we rely on daily.1. Efficiency and Productivity: Software engineering practices promote efficiency and productivity by automating tasks, streamlining processes, and enhancing data management.2. Reliability and Security: Software systems are designed to be reliable and secure, ensuring data integrity and protection from vulnerabilities and malicious attacks.3. Innovation and Growth: Software engineering enables continuous innovation and growth by facilitating the creation of new products, services, and solutions that drive technological advancements.4. Economic Impact: The software industry is a major contributor to the global economy, creating jobs and stimulating growth in various sectors.Career Opportunities in Software Engineering.Software engineering offers a wide range of career opportunities for individuals with the necessary skills and qualifications.1. Software Developer: Responsible for designing, developing, and testing software solutions.2. Software Architect: Leads the design andarchitecture of complex software systems.3. Software Tester: Ensures the quality andreliability of software by performing various testing procedures.4. Software Project Manager: Manages the planning, execution, and delivery of software projects.5. Software Consultant: Provides expertise and adviceto organizations on software development and implementation.Education and Training in Software Engineering.Becoming a software engineer typically requires a formal education in computer science, software engineering, or a related field. Many universities offer undergraduate and graduate programs that provide a solid foundation in software development concepts and practices.In addition to formal education, software engineers must continuously update their skills and knowledge to keep pace with evolving technologies and best practices. Industry certifications and professional development courses can help engineers enhance their expertise and stay competitive.Conclusion.Software engineering is a rapidly evolving field that drives innovation and shapes the modern world. By applying scientific and mathematical principles to the design, development, and maintenance of software systems, software engineers create solutions that empower businesses, enhance our lives, and drive economic growth. The demand forskilled software engineers is expected to continue to riseas technology continues to permeate every aspect of our society.。
软件工程复习资料英文
Lecture 1 An Introduction to Software Engineering1 what does software engineering concern?1) Software engineering is concerned with theories, methods and tools for professionalsoftware development.2) Software engineering is concerned with cost-effective software development.2 What is software?Software includes:①computer programs②data structures③documents3 What is the two types of software productsGeneric software(通用软件) and custom software（定制软件）4 The three key elements of a successful software project are:on time, within budget, satisfies the user’s needs5 Generic activities in all software processes are:Specification（描述）, Development（开发）, Validation（有效性验证）, Evolution（进化）6 The attributes of good software include:Maintainability（可维护性）, Dependability（可依赖性）, Efficiency（有效性）, Acceptability（可接受性）Lecture 2 Software Processes1 What is a software process modelA software process model is an abstract representation of a software process. It presents a description of a process from some particular perspective.2 Draw the graphic presentation of Waterfall model and describe its character.1）这种模型把软件过程划分成几个顺序的阶段。
软件工程师英文面试自我介绍
软件工程师英文面试自我介绍软件工程师英文面试自我介绍篇一Good morning !It is really my honor to have this opportunity for a interview,I hope i can make a good performance today. Im confident that I can succeed.Now i will introduce myself brieflyI am 26 years old,born in shandong province .I was graduated from qingdao university. my major is electronic.and i got my bachelor degree after my graduation in the year of 2010.I spend most of my time on study,i have passed CET4/6 . and i have acquired basic knowledge of my major during my school time.In July 2010, I begin work for a small private company as a technical support engineer in QingDao city.Because Im capable of more responsibilities, so I decided to change my job.And in August ,I left QingDao to BeiJing and worked for a foreign enterprise as a automation software test engineer.Because I want to change my working environment, Id like to find a job which is more challenging. Morover Motorola is a global company, so I feel I can gain the most from working in this kind of company ennvironment. That is the reason why I come here to compete for this position.I think Im a good team player and Im a person of great honesty to others. Also I am able to work under great pressure.Thats all. Thank you for giving me the chance.软件工程师英文面试自我介绍篇二good morning. its a pleasure for me to be here in front of you to present myself. my name is xx, and i am a candidate for the position of software engineeri am good at self-study, working hard;strong logical analysis ability and optimistic;sociable and teamship;excellent skills to discuss with customers-1 - -11，i worked in xx technology ltd as software engineer,analysis the customer requirements for erp system in bodyworks and discuss with customer. then design the solution for the requirements to develope the new functions; maintain the system following the customer requirement; the modules in the erp system are list in the following:fitness : fitness managerment. private fitness coach, physical therapy management; fitness practise, teacher management;fitness trial: member information management, group customer, sales management, cashier management, front desk management, running management; aug - oct , secondary development for the "medium management in xx prov" cooperation with fangzheng software college.软件工程师英文面试自我介绍篇三Im Cheers.Lee, Im twenty-six year old, I majored in E-business and with a bachelor degree. Im single. And I love software testing, as the software quality is vital to the com#panys customer, it also could improve the com#panys image, so quality is the best policy. We must devote all my energy to assure the software quality.The position which Ive com#e to apply is senior software testing engineer. I have three years work experience, one year and a half of function testing experience and one year of performance and automation testing experience. I have been reading up on software testing, especially on performance testing and automation testing. Im quite familiar with performance testing tool LoadRunner, and familiar with automation testing tool QTP. Im good at developing performance testing script base on C language in web system, and also have good skills in develop QTP script.As we all know that software performance has becom#e more and more important, while thousands of the users log in the system or visit the website simultaneously, the problem may occurred, the system crash or the server deny to provide the service to the user, so the performance testing need to be done before the software delivered to our customers.We also benefit from the automation testing. There is always a lot of function testing or regression testing need us to finish in a short time. But we do not have enough time and sufficient human resource to com#plete it, how should we do? So the automation testing is the best solution. It cut down the costs, improve the work efficiency, save our time and energy. Its advantage is not merely as so.。
软件工程专业英语
软件工程专业英语软件工程英语软件度量学:Software Metrics软件经济学:Software Economics 文档:Documents软件计划WHY软件分析WHAT软件工具:Software Tools软件实现HOW工具箱:Tool Box软件生存周期过程的开发标准集成工具:Integrated Tool Standard for Developing Software 软件工程环境:SoftwareLife Cycle Process Engineering Environment软件开发模型:Software 传统:ConventionalDevelopment Model 经典:Classical编码员:Coder解空间:Solution Domain瀑布模型:Waterfall Model 问题空间:Problem Domain快速原型模型:Rapid Prototype 清晰第一，效率第二Clarity the Modelfirst, Efficiency the next.增量模型:Incremental Model 设计先于编码Design before线性思维:Linear Thinking coding演化模型:Evolutionary Model 使程序的结构适合于问题的结构螺旋模型:Spiral Model Make the program fit the problem对象:Object开发伴随复用，开发为了复用类:ClassDevelopment with reuse,继承:InheritanceDevelopment for reuse.聚集:Aggregation 靠度量来管理:Management by消息:MessageMeasurement面向对象,对象Object+分类结构化分析:SA(StructuredAnalysis) Classification+继承Inheritance+消息通信Communication with 由顶向下，逐步细化 Top-Down Messages Stepwise Refinement 构件集成模型:Component 面向对象分析:Object-Oriented Integration Model Analysis转换模型:Transformationa包含:l ContainsModel 临近:Is Next To 净室软件工程:Cleanroom传到 :Transmits to Software Engineering 来自:Acquires from 净室模型:Cleanroom Model 管理:Manages软件需求规格说明书:Software 控制:ControlsRequirement Specification ,SRS组成: Is Composed of 分析模型:Analysis Model 细化:Refinement便利的应用规约技术:Facilitated 抽象:AbstractionApplication Specificat模块:ion ModuleTechniques ,FAST 策略:Strategy结构化语言:Structured Language 信息隐藏:Information Hiding 判定树:Decision Tree 数据封装:Data Encapsulation 基数:Cardinality 抽象数据类型:Abstract Data type事件轨迹:Event Trace 模块化设计:Modular Design 对象,关系Object-Relationsship 分解:Decomposition模块性:Modularity 内容偶合: Content Coupling由底向上设计:Bottom-Up 单模块软件:MonolithicSoftware Design模块独立性:Modul自顶向下设e 计:Top-Down Design Independence 正式复审:Formal Review 内聚:Cohesion 非正式复审:Informal Review 偶然性内聚:Coincidental 走查，排练:Walk-Through Cohesion 会审:Inspection 逻辑性内聚:Logical Cohesion 映射:Mapping时间性内聚:Temporal Cohes传入路径:ion Afferent path 过程性内聚: Procedural传出路径: Efferent path Cohesion 变换中心:Transform Center 通信性内聚: Communicational接受路径: Reception path Cohesion 动作路径:Action path 顺序性内聚:Sequential Cohes事务中心:ion Transaction Center 功能性内聚:Functional Cohes分支分解:ion Factoring of 非直接偶合:No Direct CouplBranding ches数据偶合:Data Coupling 瓮形:oval-shaped特征偶合:Stamp Coupling 一个模块的控制域:Scope of 控制偶合:Control Coupling Control外部偶合:External Coupling 一个模块的作用域:Scope of 公共偶合:Common Coupling Effect结构化程序设计:Structured结点: Node接口:Interface Programming通心面程序:Bowl of Spaghetti包: Package流程图:Flow Diagram 注释: Note编码:Coding 特化:Specialization 方框图:Block Diagram 元元模型:Meta-Meta Model PDL (Pidgin):Program Design 用户模型:User Model Language 静态图:Static Diagram 伪代码:Pseudo Code 动态图:Dynamic Diagram JSD:Jackson System Developmen用例视图:t Use Case View 对象建模技术:Object Model逻辑视图:ing Logical View Technique 并发视图:Concurrent View 基础设施:Infrastructure 构件视图:Component View 控制线程:Thread of Control 实现模型视图:Implementation 保护者对象:Guardian Object Model View 协议:protocol 部署视图:Deployment View UML:Unified Modeling Language 航向:Navigability OMG:Object Management 重数:MultipliciGroup ty 统一方法:Unified Method 共享聚集:Shared Aggregation 关联:Association 组合:Composition 泛化:Generalization 泛化:Generalization 依赖:Dependency 简单消息:Simple Message同步消息:Synchronous Messa程序风格设ge 计要素:先求正确后求快 Make it right 异步消息:AsynchronousMessage before you make it faster. 事件说明:Event_Signature 先求清楚后求快 Make it clear 守卫条件:Guard_Condition before you make it faster. 动作表达式:Action_Expression 求快不忘保持程序正确 Keep it 发送子句:Send_Clause right when you make it faster. 时序图:Sequence Diagram 保持程序简单以求快 Keep it 协作图:Collaboration Diagrsimplam e to make it faster. 前缀:Predecessor 书写清楚，不要为“效率”牺牲清循环子句:Iteration-Clause 楚 Write clearly-don't sacrifice 活动图:Activity Diagram clarity for "efficiency"构件图:Component Diagram 文档化:Code Documentation 配置图:Deployment Diagram 内部文档编制:Internal 建模过程指导(RUP):Rational Documentation Unified Process 序言:Prologue可执行代码:Executalbe Codes用户友善: User Friendly 实现:Implementation 纠错:Debugging编码风格:Coding Style 测试用例:Test Case 标准:Classical 穷举测试:Exhaustive Testing 控制流的直线性:Linearity of 选择测试:Selective Testing Control Flow 静态分析:Static Analysis黑盒测试:Black Box Testing 高级测试:Higher order Testing不可达的:Unreachable 白盒测试:White Box Testing等价分类:Equivalenc办公桌检查e :Desk Check Partioning 走查:Walk-Through 边界值分析法:Boundary Value代码会审: Code Inspection Analysis 测试驱动模块:Test Driver 所谓猜错:Error Guessing 测试桩模块:Test Stub 因果图:Cause-Effect Graph 群:Cluster逻辑覆盖测试法:Logic Cover混合方式测age 试:Sandwich Testing Testing 渐增式测试:Incremental 试凑:Trial and Error Testing回溯:Back Tracking 非渐增式:Non-Incremental 病因排除法:Cause Eliminatio配置复审:n Configuration Review 测试纠错:Debugging by Testing 测试终止标准:Test Completion 蛮力纠错技术:Debugging by Criteria Brute Force 基于线程的测试:Thread-Based 回归测试:Regression Testing Testing单元测试:Unit Testing 基于使用:Use-Based综合测试:Integration Testing 基于构件的软件开发:确认测试: Validation Testing Component Based Software 系统测试:System TestingDevelopment ,CBSD 模块测试:Module Testing 领域工程:Domain Engineering 需求规约:Requirements Maintenance预防性维护:Preventive Specification变体:Variant Maintenance组件对象模型，COM:Componet 结构化的翻新:Structured Object Model Retrofit对象链接与嵌入:Object Linki可维护性:ng Maintainability and Embedding 可理解性:Understandability 公共对象请求代理体系结构，可修改性:Modifiability CORBA:Common Object Reque可测试性st :Testability Broker Architecture 调用图:Call Graph枚举分类:Enumerater交差引用表 :Cross-Reference Classification Directory呈面分类:Faceted Classification 数据封装技术:Data 属性-值分类:Attribute-ValueEncap sulationClassification 维护申请单MRF:Maintenance 应用系统工程，ASE:ApplicatioRequen st FormSystem Engineering 软件问题报告单SPR:Software 完善性维护:Perfective Problem ReportMaintenance 软件修改报告单SCR: Software 适应性维护:Adaptive Change ReportMaintenance 修改控制组CCB:Change Control 纠错性维护:CorrectiveBoard 软件配置:Software Configuration 估算模型:Estimation Model资源模型:Resource Model 版本控制库:Version ControlLibrary 构造性成本模型:Constructive 活动比:Activity Ratio cost Model 工作量调节因子EAF:Effor组织:t OrganicAdjustment Factor 半独立:Semidetached 软件再工程:Software 嵌入:EmbededReengineering 算法模型:Algorithmic Model 逆向工程:ReverseEngineering 分类活动结构图WBS:Work 重构:Restructure Breakdown Structure 演化性:Evolvability 人员,时间权衡定律问题定义:Problem DefinitionPeople-Time Trade-Off Law 系统目标与范围的说明:无我小组:Egoless Team Statement of Scope and Objectives主程序员小组: 可行性研究:Feasibility StudyChief -Programmer Team 系统流程图:System Flowchart PERT:Program Evaluation and 成本,效益分析:Cost-Benifit Review Technique Analysis 关键路径:Critical Path 风险识别:Risk Identification 知识产权:Intellectual Property 风险预测:Risk Projection 靠质量来管理:Management by 风险估计:Risk Estimation Measurement风险评价:Risk Assessment 质量保证:Quality Assurance质量认证: Quality Certification 交互操作性:Interoperability验证与确认:Verification and 质量检验:Quality Inspection全面质量管理TQC:Total QualiValidty ation ,V&V Control 基线:Baselines 质量体系:Quality System 平均故障时间:Mean Time To 计划-实施-检查-措Failure ,MTTF 施 Plan-Do-Check-Action 错误传入:Error Seeding 合格论证:Conformity冗余: Redundancy Certification 容错:Fault Tolerance 可靠性:Reliability 公理化归纳断言法:Axio-Matic 效率:Efficiency InductiveAssertion 运行工程:Human Engineering 循环不变式:Loop Invariant 正确性:Correctness 能力成熟度模型:Capability 使用性:Usability Maturity Model 完整性:Integrity 关键过程域:Key Process 可理解性:Understandability Area ,KPA可测试性:Testability 关键实践:Key Practice 可修改性:Modifiability 初始级:Initial可移植性:Portability 可重复级:Repeatable 可维护性:Maintainability 已定义级:Defined可适应性:Flexibility 已管理级:Managed可重用性:Reusability 优化级:Optimizing主任评估师:Lead Assessor Factor 技术复杂性因子测度:Measurement 极值程序设计:ExtremeProgramming 最终用户:End-User; 自适应软件开发:Adaptive 计算机辅助软件工程Software Development CASE:Computer Aided Software 轻载:Light weight Engineering重载:Heavy Weight 拉出:pull-out 返工:Rework 下拉: pull-down 进度:Schedule 一致性:Unification自动化:Automation 时间:Duration 过程模型:Process Model软件开发环境SDE:Software 成本:Cost Development Environment软件设计支持环境PSE:Programming 代码行LOC:Lines of Code Support Environment集成化项目支持IPSE:Integrated 面向功能:Function-Oriented Project Support Environment集成化框架:Integration Framework 面向规模: Size-Oriented 质量从头抓起:Quality from Beginning 功能点:Function Points 缺陷:Defect 权系数:Weighting Coefficient 变更请求:Change Request 用户输入:User Input 功能扩充:Enhancement 用户输出: User Output Request 用户查询: User Inquirty主文件处理:Master File外部界面:External InterfaceTCF:Technical Complexity。
软件工程介绍--英文版 共32页
©Ian Sommerville 2006
Software Engineering, 8th edition. Chapter 1
Slide 6
FAQs about software engineering
What are the costs of software engineering? What are software engineering methods? What is CASE (Computer-Aided Software
Slide 7
What is software?
Computer programs and associated documentation such as requirements, design models and user manuals.
Software products may be developed for a particular customer or may be developed for a general market.
©Ian Sommerville 2006
Software Engineering, 8th edition. Chapare engineering
The economies of ALL developed nations are dependent on software.
Engineering) What are the attributes of good software? What are the key challenges facing software
engineering?
©Ian Sommerville 2006
软件工程-敏捷开发(中英文对照)
The values of XP : 2. Simplicity
• Proponents 支持者 of XP acknowledge the disadvantage that this can sometimes entail more effort tomorrow to change the system;
• their claim is that this is more than compensated for by the advantage of not investing in possible future requirements that might change before they become relevant.
AM is intended to be a collection of values, principles, and practices for Modeling software that can be applied on a software development project in a more flexible manner than traditional Modeling methods. AM is a kind of attitude, not a prescriptive process. AM describes a style of modeling, when used properly in agile environment, that results in better quality software and faster development while avoiding over-simplification and unrealistic expectations.
软件工程 双语课程 第九章
9.5 ACCEPTANCE TESTING
Purpose and Roles(目标与任务)
The purpose of acceptance testing is to enable the customers and users to determine if the system we built really meets their needs and expectations. Thus, acceptance tests are written, conducted(实施的), and evaluated by the customers, with assistance(协 助) from the developers only when the customer requests an answer to a technical question.
Describe how system testing differs from unit and integration testing. Classify tests as function testing, performance(性能) testing, acceptance testing or installation testing. Understand the purposes and roles of function testing, performance testing, acceptance testing, and installation testing. Define software reliability(可靠性), maintainability and availability(可用性，有效 性). Describe different techniques for measuring reliability, maintainability and availability. List the different types of test documentation and know what items belong in test documentation. Understand the special problems associated(相关的,结合的) with testing safetycritical(临界的,决定性的) systems. Describe the principles(原理) of Cleanroom(净室) and how it differs from conventional(常规的) testing.
软件工程一级学科简介
0835软件工程一级学科简介一级学科（中文）名称：软件工程（英文）名称： Software Engineering一、学科概况软件工程经过四十余年的发展，明确了自身的学科问题，形成了软件工程领域的基础理论、工程方法与技术体系，完善了软件工程教育体系，具备了学科的完整性和教育学特色，具有广泛的研究领域和研究方向，作为独立学科为软件产业发展提供了理论、技术与人才支撑。
1968年在德国举行的NATO软件工程会议上，为应对“软件危机”的挑战，“软件工程”术语被首次提出。
在这个时期，具有代表性的软件工程定义是“为了经济地获得在真实机器上可靠工作的软件而制定和使用的合理工程原则和方法”。
1972年，IEEE学会计算机协会第一次出版了“软件工程学报”。
此后，“软件工程”这个术语被广泛用于工业、政府和学术界，众多的出版物、团体和组织、专业会议在它们的名称中开始使用“软件工程”这个术语，很多大学的计算机科学系先后开设了软件工程课程。
1980年代末到1990年代初，基于瀑布模型的软件开发过程和结构式过程语言编程范型占主导地位，软件工程研究在软件需求分析、软件设计、软件测试、软件质量保证、软件过程改进等多个子领域得到深化和扩展，形成了软件工程学科的雏形。
同期，软件工程教育得到卡内基·梅隆大学软件工程研究所（SEI）的培育和支持。
该研究所调查软件工程教育的现状，出版软件工程推荐教程，在卡内基·梅隆大学建立软件工程硕士教育计划，并组织和推动软件工程教育者研讨会。
1991年，ACM和IEEE-CS的计算学科教程CC1991专题组将“软件工程”列为计算学科的九个知识领域之一。
1993年，IEEE-CS和ACM为了将软件工程建设成为一个专业，建立了IEEE-CS/ACM联合指导委员会。
随后，该指导委员会被软件工程协调委员会（SWECC）替代。
SWECC 提出了“软件工程职业道德规范”、“本科软件工程教育计划评价标准”以及“软件工程知识体系（SWEBOK）”。
gamess软件介绍(英文)
OVERVIEW OF GAMESS
• Energy-related properties (cont’d)
– Dynamic reaction coordinate (DRC)
• Add kinetic energy to system at any geometry • Add photon(s) to any vibrational mode • Classical trajectory using QM-derived energies • Requires gradients
– Total energy as function of nuclear coordinates (PES): All wavefunction types – Analytic energy gradient
• RHF, ROHF, UHF, MCSCF, CI, DFT • MP2, UMP2, ROMP2
• HF, DFT, MP2 (closed shells) • ROMP2 (spin-correct open shells) • Coupled Cluster methods • MCSCF
OVERVIEW OF GAMESS
• Energy-related properties
– Localized molecular orbitals (LMO) – Localized charge distributions (LCD) – MCSCF localized orbitals
• Nuclear and spectroscopic properties
– Spin densities at nucleus (ESR) – NMR chemical shifts – Polarizabilities, hyperpolarizabilities – IR and Raman intensities – Transition probabilities, Franck-Condon overlaps
软件工程导论(英文)
What is software?Computer programs and associated documentation such as requirements, design models and user manuals.Software products may be developed for a particular customer or a general market.Generic product: It is a kind of software. These are stand-alone systems that are produced by a development organization and sold on the open market to any customer who is able to buy them.Customized (bespoke) products: These are systems which are commissioned by a particular customer. A software contractor develops the software especially for electronic that customers.What is software engineering?Software engineering is an engineering discipline that is concerned with all aspects of software production.What is a software process?Software processes are the activities involved in producing and evolving a software system.Generic activities:Specification - what the system should do and its development constraintsDesign and Development - production of the software systemValidation - checking that the software is what the customer wantsEvolution - changing the software in response to changing demands.what is software process model？A simplified or abstract representation of a software process, presented from a specific perspective.Generic process models describe the organisation of software processes.Including: Waterfall model, Iterative/Evolutionary development, Component-based software engineering.WaterfallCBSE /Reuse-oriented development软件描述？Software specification?The process of establishing what services are required and the constraints on the system’s operation and development. (The process of developing a software specification)主要阶段：可行性研究、需求导入和分析、需求描述、需求有效性验证。
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©Ian Sommerville 2006
Software Engineering, 8th edition. Chapter 1
Slide 12
What is a software process model?
A simplified representation of a software process, presented from a specific perspective. Examples of process perspectives are
©Ian Sommerville 2006
Software Engineering, 8th edition. Chapter 1
Slide 4
Software costs
Software costs often dominate computer system costs. The costs of software on a PC are often greater than the hardware cost. Software costs more to maintain than it does to develop. For systems with a long life, maintenance costs may be several times development costs. Software engineering is concerned with costeffective software development.
System engineering is concerned with all aspects of computer-based systems development including hardware, software and process engineering. Software engineering is part of this process concerned with developing the software infrastructure, control, applications and databases in the system. System engineers are involved in system specification, architectural design, integration and deployment.
©Ian Sommerville 2006
Software Engineering, 8th edition. Chapter 1
Slide 2
Topics covered
FAQs about software engineering Professional and ethical responsibility
•
•
Generic - developed to be sold to a range of different customers e.g. PC software such as Excel or Word. Bespoke (custom) - developed for a single customer according to their specification.
©Ian Sommerville 2006
Software Engineering, 8th edition. Chapter 1
Slide 3
Software engineering
The economies of ALL developed nations are dependent on software. More and more systems are software controlled Software engineering is concerned with theories, methods and tools for professional software development. Expenditure on software represents a significant fraction of GNP in all developed countries.
Software Engineering, 8th edition. Chapter 1 Slide 5
©Ian Sommerville 2006
FAQs about software engineering
What is software? What is software engineering? What is the difference between software engineering and computer science? What is the difference between software engineering and system engineering? What is a software process? What is a software process model?
• • • • Specification - what the system should do and its development constraints Development - production of the software system Validation - checking that the software is what the customer wants Evolution - changing the software in response to changing demands.
Slideeering?
Software engineering is an engineering discipline that is concerned with all aspects of software production. Software engineers should adopt a systematic and organised approach to their work and use appropriate tools and techniques depending on the problem to be solved, the development constraints and the resources available.
• • • Workflow perspective - sequence of activities; Data-flow perspective - information flow; Role/action perspective - who does what. Waterfall; Iterative development; Component-based software engineering.
New software can be created by developing new programs, configuring generic software systems or reusing existing software.
©Ian Sommerville 2006
Software Engineering, 8th edition. Chapter 1
©Ian Sommerville 2006
Software Engineering, 8th edition. Chapter 1
Slide 10
What is the difference between software engineering and system engineering?
©Ian Sommerville 2006
Software Engineering, 8th edition. Chapter 1
Slide 9
What is the difference between software engineering and computer science?
Computer science is concerned with theory and fundamentals; software engineering is concerned with the practicalities of developing and delivering useful software. Computer science theories are still insufficient to act as a complete underpinning for software engineering (unlike e.g. physics and electrical engineering).
©Ian Sommerville 2006
Software Engineering, 8th edition. Chapter 1
Slide 7
What is software?
Computer programs and associated documentation such as requirements, design models and user manuals. Software products may be developed for a particular customer or may be developed for a general market. Software products may be