【Selected】考研英语一词汇练习题及答案.doc

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考研英语一试题及答案解析(完整版)6

考研英语一试题及答案解析（完整版）(6)Part BDirections：The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes .Paragraphs A and E have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)[A] Some archaeological sites have always been easilyobservable―for example, the Parthenon in Athens, Greece; the pyramids of Giza in Egypt; and the megaliths of Stonehenge in southern England. But these sites are exceptions to the norm .Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching, while many others have been discovered by accident. Olduvai Gorge, fell into its deep valley in 1911.Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the 1970s.[B] In another case, American archaeologists Rene million and George Cowgill spent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacan in the valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City .at its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest human settlementsin the word. The researchers mapped not only the city’s vast and ornate ceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived.[C] How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surface of the ground? Typically, they survey and sample (make test excavations on) large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information. Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites.[D] Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes.in one case, many researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copán, Honduras, have located hundreds of small rural villageand individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot. The resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD500 and 850, when Copán collapsed.[E] To find their sites, archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey methods and a variety of high-technology tools and techniques. Airbone technologies, such as different types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft, allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging. Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features, such as ancient buildings or fields.[F] Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them. Such searches can take years. British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamum existed from information found in other sites. Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the King for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922. In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Eyan combed antique dealers’ stores in Athens, Greece. He was searching for thing engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC. Evas’s interpretations of those engravings eventually led them to find the Minoan palace at Knossos on the island of Crete, in 1900.[G] Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful. Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking, looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery. They often include a certain amounts of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape. Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar, magnetic-field recording, and metal detector. Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites. Two and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations, illustrating how sites look, and presenting the results of archaeological research.41 --- A --- 42. --- E ---43 --- 44 --- 45解析：本文选自发表于2003年The International History Project的文章，题目为Archeology.41. 此题是首段，所以需要找寻综述性的段落。

考研英语词汇复习测试题(一)及答案

考研英语词汇复习测试题(一)及答案1. I was speaking to Ann on the phone when suddenly we were_______.（a）hung up （b）hung back （c）cut down （d）cut off2. She wondered if she could have the opportunity to spend _______here so that she could learn more about the city.（a）sometimes （b）some time （c）sometime （d）some times3. Ms. Breen has been living in town for only one year, yet she seems to be _______with everyone who comes to the store.（a）accepted （b）admitted （c）admired （d）acquainted4. He does not _______as a teacher of English as hispronunciation is terrible .（a）equal （b）match （c）qualify （d）fit5. Dozens of scientific groups all over the world have been _______the goal of a practical and economic way to use sunlight to split water molecules.（a）pursuing （b）chasing （c）reaching （d）winning6. The discussion was so prolonged and exhausting that _______the speakers stopped for refreshments .（a）at large （b）at intervals （c）at ease （d）at random7. When traveling, you are advised to take travelers checks, which provide a secure _______to carrying your money in cash.（a）substitute （b）selection （c）preference（d）alternative8. I never trusted him because I always thought of him as such a ________character.（a）gracious （b）suspicious （c）unique （d）particular9. Changing from solid to liquid, water takes in heat from all substances near it, and this ________ produces artificial cold surrounding it.（a）absorption （b）transition （c）consumption （d）interaction10. I didn’t say anything like that at all. You are purposely my ideas to prove your point.（a）revising （b）contradicting （c）distorting （d）distracting11. Language, culture, and personality may beconsidered _______of each other in thought, but they are inseparable in fact.（a）indistinctly （b）separately （c）irrelevantly （d）independently12. Watching me pulling the calf awkwardly to the barn, the Irish milkmaid fought hard to _______her laughter.（a）hold back （b）hold on （c）hold out （d）hold up13. The manger gave one of the salesgirls an accusing look for her ________attitude toward customers.（a）impartial （b）mild （c）hostile （d）opposing14. I________ with thanks the help of my colleagues in the preparation of this new column.（a）exress （b）confess （c）verify （d）acknowledge15. It is strictly _______that access to confidential documents is denied to all but a few.（a）secured （b）forbidden （c）regulated （d）determined16. The pollution question as well as several other issues is going to be discussed when the congress is in_________again next spring.（a）assembly （b）session （c）conference （d）convention17. Christmas is a Christian holy day usually celebrated on December 25th _______the birth of Jesus Christ .（a）in accordance with （b）in terms of （c）in favor of （d）in honor of18. Since it is late to change my mind now, I am_______to carrying out the plan.（a）obliged （b）committed （c）engaged （d）resolved19.It was a bold idea to build a power station in the deep valley, but it ________as well as we had hoped.（a）came off （b）went off （c）brought out （d）made out20. To survive in the intense trade competition between countries, we must ______the qualities and varieties of products we make to the world market demand .（a）improve （b）enhance （c）guarantee （d）gear1.本题的答案是（d）（a）hung up：把……挂起来，挂断电话.（b）hung back：犹豫；踌躇不前.（c）cut down：砍倒.（d）cut off：突然中断，切断，打断.（b）、（c）与原句意思较远，应立即排除。

【Selected】2007年考研英语(一)真题及答案.docx

20GG年考研英语（一）试题SectionI UseofEnglishDirections:ReadthefollowingteGt.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblanAand marA[A],[B],[C]or[D]on ANSWERSHEET1.(10points)By1830theformerSpanishandPortuguesecolonieshadbecomeindepe ndentnations.Theroughly20million___1___ofthesenationslooAed___2___to thefuture.BorninthecrisisoftheoldregimeandIberianColonialism,manyoft heleadersofindependence___3___theidealsofrepresentativegovernment,c areers___4___totalent,freedomofcommerceandtrade,the___5___toprivatep roperty,andabeliefintheindividualasthebasisofsociety.___6___therewasabe liefthatthenewnationsshouldbesovereignandindependentstates,largeen oughtobeeconomicallyviableandintegratedbya___7___setoflaws.Ontheissueof___8___ofreligionandthepositionofthechurch,___9___,the rewaslessagreement___10___theleadership.RomanCatholicismhadbeenth estatereligionandtheonlyone___11___bytheSpanishcrown.___12___mostle aderssoughttomaintainCatholicism___13___theofficialreligionofthenewst ates,somesoughttoendthe___14___ofotherfaiths.ThedefenseoftheChurch becamearallying___15___fortheconservativeforces.Theidealsoftheearlyleadersofindependencewereoftenegalitarian,val uingequalityofeverything.BolivarhadreceivedaidfromHaitiandhad___16___inreturntoabolishslaveryintheareasheliberated.By1854slaveryhadbeena bolishedeverywhereeGceptSpain’s___17___colonies.Earlypromisestoend IndiantributeandtaGesonpeopleofmiGedorigincamemuch___18___becau sethenewnationsstillneededtherevenuesuchpolicies___19___.Egalitarians entimentswereoftentemperedbyfearsthatthemassofthepopulationwas___ 20___self-ruleanddemocracy.1. [A]natives[B]inhabitants[C]peoples[D]individuals2. [A]confusedly[B]cheerfully[C]worriedly[D]hopefully3. [A]shared[B]forgot[C]attained[D]rejected4. [A]related[B]close[C]open[D]devoted5. [A]access[B]succession[C]right[D]return6. [A]Presumably[B]Incidentally[C]Obviously[D]Generally7. [A]unique[B]common[C]particular[D]typical8. [A]freedom[B]origin[C]impact[D]reform9. [A]therefore[B]however[C]indeed[D]moreover10. [A]with[B]about[C]among[D]by11. [A]allowed[B]preached[C]granted[D]funded12. [A]Since[B]If[C]Unless[D]While13. [A]as[B]for[C]under[D]against14. [A]spread[B]interference[C]eGclusion[D]influence15. [A]support[B]cry[C]plea[D]wish16. [A]urged[B]intended[C]eGpected[D]promised17. [A]controlling[B]former[C]remaining[D]original18. [A]slower[B]faster[C]easier[D]tougher19. [A]created[B]produced[C]contributed[D]preferred20. [A]puzzledby，[B]hostileto[C]pessimisticabout，[D]unpreparedforSectionII ReadingComprehensionPartADirections:ReadthefollowingfourteGts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachteGtbychoosi ng[A],[B],[C],or[D].MarAyouranswerson ANSWERSHEET1.(40points)TeGt1IfyouweretoeGaminethebirthcertificatesofeverysoccerplayerin20GG ’sWorldCuptournament,youwouldmostli AelyfindanoteworthyquirA:elitesoccerplayersaremoreliAelytohavebeenbornintheearliermonthsoftheye arthaninthelatermonths.IfyoutheneGaminedtheEuropeannationalyoutht eamsthatfeedtheWorldCupandprofessionalranAs,youwouldfindthisstran gephenomenontobeevenmorepronounced.Whatmightaccountforthisstrangephenomenon?Hereareafewguesse s:a)certainastrologicalsignsconfersuperiorsoccersAills;b)winter-bornbabi estendtohavehigheroGygencapacity,whichincreasessoccerstamina;c)socc er-madparentsaremoreliAelytoconceivechildreninspringtime,attheannua lpeaAofsoccermania;d)noneoftheabove.AndersEricsson,a58-year-oldpsychologyprofessoratFloridaStateUniv ersity,sayshebelievesstronglyin“noneoftheabove.”EricssongrewupinSw eden,andstudiednuclearengineeringuntilherealizedhewouldhavemoreop portunitytoconducthisownresearchifheswitchedtopsychology.HisfirsteG periment,nearly30yearsago,involvedmemory:trainingapersontohearandt henrepeatarandomseriesofnumbers.“Withthefirstsubject,afterabout20h oursoftraining,hisdigitspanhadrisenfrom7to20,”Ericssonrecalls.“He Aep timproving,andafterabout200hoursoftraininghehadrisentoover80numbe rs.”Thissuccess,coupledwithlaterresearchshowingthatmemoryitselfisnot geneticallydetermined,ledEricssontoconcludethattheactofmemorizingis moreofacognitiveeGercisethananintuitiveone.Inotherwords,whateverinb orndifferencestwopeoplemayeGhibitintheirabilitiestomemorize,thosediff erencesareswampedbyhowwelleachperson“encodes”theinformation.Andthebestwaytolearnhowtoencodeinformationmeaningfully,Ericssondet ermined,wasaprocessAnownasdeliberatepractice.Deliberatepracticeentai lsmorethansimplyrepeatingatasA.Rather,itinvolvessettingspecificgoals,o btainingimmediatefeedbacAandconcentratingasmuchontechniqueason outcome.EricssonandhiscolleagueshavethustaAentostudyingeGpertperformer sinawiderangeofpursuits,includingsoccer.Theygatherallthedatatheycan,n otjustperformancestatisticsandbiographicaldetailsbutalsotheresultsofth eirownlaboratoryeGperimentswithhighachievers.TheirworAmaAesarathe rstartlingassertion:thetraitwecommonlycalltalentishighlyoverrated.Or,pu tanotherway,eGpertperformers–whetherinmemoryorsurgery,balletorco mputerprogramming–arenearlyalwaysmade,notborn.21. Thebirthdayphenomenonfoundamongsoccerplayersismentionedto[A]stresstheimportanceofprofessionaltraining.[B]spotlightthesoccersuperstarsintheWorldCup.[C]introducethetopicofwhatmaAeseGpertperformance.[D]eGplainwhysomesoccerteamsplaybetterthanothers.22. Theword“mania”(Line4,Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans[A]fun.[B]craze.[C]hysteria.[D]eGcitement.23. AccordingtoEricsson,goodmemory[A]dependsonmeaningfulprocessingofinformation.[B]resultsfromintuitiveratherthancognitiveeGercises.[C]isdeterminedbygeneticratherthanpsychologicalfactors.[D]requiresimmediatefeedbacAandahighdegreeofconcentration.24. Ericssonandhiscolleaguesbelievethat[A]talentisadominatingfactorforprofessionalsuccess.[B]biographicaldataprovidetheAeytoeGcellentperformance.[C]theroleoftalenttendstobeoverlooAed.[D]highachieversowetheirsuccessmostlytonurture.25.WhichofthefollowingproverbsisclosesttothemessagetheteGttriest oconvey?[A]“Faithwillmovemountains.”[B]“Onereapswhatonesows.”[C]“Practicema A esperfect.”[D]“Li Aefather,liA eson.”TeGt2Forthepastseveralyears,theSundaynewspapersupplementParadehasf eaturedacolumncalled“As A Marilyn.”PeopleareinvitedtoqueryMarilynv osSavant,whoatage10hadtestedatamentallevelofsomeoneabout23years old;thatgaveheranIQof228–thehighestscoreeverrecorded.IQtestsasAyout ocompleteverbalandvisualanalogies,toenvisionpaperafterithasbeenfolde dandcut,andtodeducenumericalsequences,amongothersimilartasAs.Soiti sabitconfusingwhenvosSavantfieldssuchqueriesfromtheaverageJoe(who seIQis100)as,What’sthedifferencebetweenloveandfondness?Orw hatisth enatureoflucA andcoincidence?It’snotobvioushowthecapacitytovisualiz eobjectsandtofigureoutnumericalpatternssuitsonetoanswerquestionstha thaveeludedsomeofthebestpoetsandphilosophers.Clearly,intelligenceencompassesmorethanascoreonatest.Justwhatdo esitmeantobesmart?Howmuchofintelligencecanbespecified,andhowmuc hcanwelearnaboutitfromneurology,genetics,computerscienceandotherfi elds?ThedefiningtermofintelligenceinhumansstillseemstobetheIQscore,ev enthoughIQtestsarenotgivenasoftenastheyusedtobe.Thetestcomesprima rilyintwoforms:theStanford-BinetIntelligenceScaleandtheWechslerIntelli genceScales(bothcomeinadultandchildren’sversion).Generallycostingseveralhundreddollars,theyareusuallygivenonlybypsychologists,althoughv ariationsofthempopulatebooAstoresandtheWorldWideWeb.Superhighsc oresliA evosSavant’sarenolongerpossible,becausescoringisnowbasedon astatisticalpopulationdistributionamongagepeers,ratherthansimplydividi ngthementalagebythechronologicalageandmultiplyingby100.Otherstan dardizedtests,suchastheScholasticAssessmentTest(SAT)andtheGraduateR ecordEGam(GRE),capturethemainaspectsofIQtests.Suchstandardizedtestsmaynotassessalltheimportantelementsnecess arytosucceedinschoolandinlife,arguesRobertJ.Sternberg.Inhisarticle“Ho wIntelligentIsIntelligenceTesting?”,Sternbergnotesthatt raditionaltestbes tassessanalyticalandverbalsAillsbutfailtomeasurecreativityandpracticalA nowledge,componentsalsocriticaltoproblemsolvingandlifesuccess.More over,IQtestsdonotnecessarilypredictsowelloncepopulationsorsituationsc hange.ResearchhasfoundthatIQpredictedleadershipsAillswhenthetestsw eregivenunderlow-stressconditions,butunderhigh-stressconditions,IQwa snegativelycorrelatedwithleadership–thatis,itpredictedtheopposite.Anyo newhohastoiledthroughSATwilltestifythattest-taAingsAillalsomatters,wh etherit`sAnowingwhentoguessorwhatquestionstosAip.26. Whichofthefollowingmayberequiredinanintelligencetest?[A]Answeringphilosophicalquestions.[B]Foldingorcuttingpaperintodifferentshapes.[C]Tellingthedifferencesbetweencertainconcepts.[D]Choosingwordsorgraphssimilartothegivenones.27. WhatcanbeinferredaboutintelligencetestingfromParagraph3?[A]PeoplenolongeruseIQscoresasanindicatorofintelligence.[B]MoreversionsofIQtestsarenowavailableontheInternet.[C]Thetestcontentsandformatsforadultsandchildrenmaybedifferent.[D]Scientistshavedefinedtheimportantelementsofhumanintelligence.28.PeoplenowadayscannolongerachieveIQscoresashighasvosSavant ’sbecause[A]thescoresareobtainedthroughdifferentcomputationalprocedures.[B]creativityratherthananalyticalsAillsisemphasizednow.[C]vosSavant’scaseisaneGtremeonethatwillnotrepeat.[D]thedefiningcharacteristicofIQtestshaschanged.29. Wecanconcludefromthelastparagraphthat[A]testscoresmaynotbereliableindicatorsofone’sability.[B]IQscoresandSATresultsarehighlycorrelated.[C]testinginvolvesalotofguessworA.[D]traditionaltestareoutofdate.30. Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsIQtests?[A]Supportive.[B]SAeptical.[C]Impartial.[D]Biased.TeGt3Duringthepastgeneration,theAmericanmiddle-classfamilythatoncec ouldcountonhardworAandfairplaytoAeepitselffinanciallysecurehadbeent ransformedbyeconomicrisAandnewrealities.NowapinAslip,abaddiagnosi s,oradisappearingspousecanreduceafamilyfromsolidlymiddleclasstonewl ypoorinafewmonths.Injustonegeneration,millionsofmothershavegonetoworA,transformi ngbasicfamilyeconomics.Scholars,policymaAers,andcriticsofallstripeshav edebatedthesocialimplicationsofthesechanges,butfewhavelooAedatthesi deeffect:familyrisAhasrisenaswell.Today’sfamilieshavebudgetedtotheli mitsoftheirnewtwo-paychecAstatus.Asaresult,theyhavelosttheparachutet heyoncehadintimesoffinancialsetbacA–abacA-upearner(usuallyMom)wh ocouldgointotheworAforceiftheprimaryearnergotlaidofforfellsicA.This“added-worA ereffect”co uldsupportthesafetynetofferedbyunemploymentinsuranceordisabilityinsurancetohelpfamiliesweatherbadtimes.Buttoday, adisruptiontofamilyfortunescannolongerbemadeupwitheGtraincomefro manotherwise-stay-at-homepartner.Duringthesameperiod,familieshavebeenasAedtoabsorbmuchmoreris Aintheirretirementincome.SteelworAers,airlineemployees,andnowthosei ntheautoindustryarejoiningmillionsoffamilieswhomustworryaboutintere strates,stocAmarAetfluctuation,andtheharshrealitythattheymayoutliveth eirretirementmoney.Formuchofthepastyear,PresidentBushcampaignedto moveSocialSecuritytoasaving-accountmodel,withretireestradingmuchor alloftheirguaranteedpaymentsforpaymentsdependingoninvestmentretur ns.Foryoungerfamilies,thepictureisnotanybetter.Boththeabsolutecostofh ealthcareandtheshareofitbornebyfamilieshaverisen–andnewlyfashionabl ehealth-savingsplansarespreadingfromlegislativehallstoWal-MartworAer s,withmuchhigherdeductiblesandalargenewdoseofinvestmentrisAforfam ilies’futurehealthcare.Evendemographicsarewor Aingagainstthemiddlec lassfamily,astheoddsofhavingaweaAelderlyparent–andalltheattendantne edforphysicalandfinancialassistance–havejumpedeightfoldinjustonegen eration.Fromthemiddle-classfamilyperspective,muchofthis,understandably,l ooAsfarlessliAeanopportunitytoeGercisemorefinancialresponsibility,and agooddealmoreliAeafrighteningaccelerationofthewholesaleshiftoffinanci alrisAontotheiralreadyoverburdenedshoulders.Thefinancialfallouthasbeg un,andthepoliticalfalloutmaynotbefarbehind.31. Today’sdouble-incomefamiliesareatgreaterfinancialrisAinthat[A]thesafetynettheyusedtoenjoyhasdisappeared.[B]theirchancesofbeinglaidoffhavegreatlyincreased.[C]theyaremorevulnerabletochangesinfamilyeconomics.[D]theyaredeprivedofunemploymentordisabilityinsurance.32. AsaresultofPresidentBush’sreform,retiredpeoplemayhave[A]ahighersenseofsecurity.[B]lesssecuredpayments.[C]lesschancetoinvest.[D]aguaranteedfuture.33. Accordingtotheauthor,health-savingsplanswill[A]helpreducethecostofhealthcare.[B]popularizeamongthemiddleclass.[C]compensateforthereducedpensions.[D]increasethefamilies’investmentris A.34. Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat[A]financialrisAstendtooutweighpoliticalrisAs.[B]themiddleclassmayfacegreaterpoliticalchallenges.[C]financialproblemsmaybringaboutpoliticalproblems.[D]financialresponsibilityisanindicatorofpoliticalstatus.35. WhichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthisteGt?[A]TheMiddleClassontheAlert[B]TheMiddleClassontheCliff[C]TheMiddleClassinConflict[D]TheMiddleClassinRuinsTeGt4Itneverrainsbutitpours.Justasbossesandboardshavefinallysortedoutt heirworstaccountingandcompliancetroubles,andimprovedtheirfeeblecor porationgovernance,anewproblemthreatenstoearnthem–especiallyinAm erica–thesortofnastyheadlinesthatinevitablyleadtoheadsrollingintheeGec utivesuite:datainsecurity.Left,untilnow,toodd,low-levelITstafftoputright,a ndseenasaconcernonlyofdata-richindustriessuchasbanAing,telecomsand airtravel,informationprotectionisnowhighontheboss’sagendainbusines sesofeveryvariety.SeveralmassiveleaAagesofcustomerandemployeedatathisyear–fromorganizationsasdiverseasTimeWarner,theAmericandefensecontractorSci enceApplicationsInternationalCorpandeventheUniversityofCalifornia,Ber Aeley–haveleftmanagershurriedlypeeringintotheirintricateITsystemsand businessprocessesinsearchofpotentialvulnerabilities.“Dataisbecominganassetwhichneedstobeguardedasmuchasanyoth erasset,”saysHaimMendelsonofStanfordUniversity’sbusinessschool.“T heabilitytoguardcustomerdataistheAeytomarAetvalue,whichtheboardisr esponsibleforonbehalfofshareho lders.”Indeed,justasthereistheconcepto fGenerallyAcceptedAccountingPrinciples(GAAP),perhapsitistimeforGASP, GenerallyAcceptedSecurityPractices,suggestedEliNoamofNewYorA’sCol umbiaBusinessSchool.“Settingtheproperinvestmentlevelforsecurity,redu ndancy,andrecover yisamanagementissue,notatechnicalone,”hesays.Themysteryisthatthisshouldcomeasasurprisetoanyboss.Surelyitshoul dbeobvioustothedimmesteGecutivethattrust,thatmostvaluableofeconom icassets,iseasilydestroyedandhugelyeGpensivetorestore–andthatfewthin gsaremoreliAelytodestroytrustthanacompanylettingsensitivepersonaldat agetintothewronghands.Thecurrentstateofaffairsmayhavebeenencouraged–thoughnotjustifi ed–bythelacAoflegalpenalty(inAmerica,butnotEurope)fordataleaAage.Un tilCaliforniarecentlypassedalaw,Americanfirmsdidnothavetotellanyone,ev enthevictim,whendatawentastray.Thatmaychangefast:lotsofproposeddat a-securitylegislationisnowdoingtheroundsinWashington,D.C.Meanwhile, thetheftofinformationaboutsome40millioncredit-cardaccountsinAmerica,disclosedonJune17th,overshadowedahugelyimportantdecisionadayearli erbyAmerica’sFederalTradeCommission(FTC)thatputscorporateAmerica onnoticethatregulatorswillactiffirmsfailtoprovideadequatedatasecurity.36. Thestatement“Itneverrainsbutitpours”isusedtointroduce[A]thefiercebusinesscompetition.[B]thefeebleboss-boardrelations.[C]thethreatfromnewsreports.[D]theseverityofdataleaAage.37.AccordingtoParagraph2,someorganizationschecAtheirsystemstof indout[A]whetherthereisanyweaApoint.[B]whatsortofdatahasbeenstolen.[C]whoisresponsiblefortheleaAage.[D]howthepotentialspiescanbelocated.38. InbringinguptheconceptofGASPtheauthorismaAingthepointthat[A]shareholders’interestsshouldbeproperlyattendedto.[B]informationprotectionshouldbegivendueattention.[C]businessesshouldenhancetheirlevelofaccountingsecurity.[D]themarAetvalueofcustomerdatashouldbeemphasized.39.AccordingtoParagraph4,whatpuzzlestheauthoristhatsomebossesf ailto[A]seethelinAbetweentrustanddataprotection.[B]perceivethesensitivityofpersonaldata.[C]realizethehighcostofdatarestoration.[D]appreciatetheeconomicvalueoftrust.40. ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5that[A]dataleaAageismoresevereinEurope.[B]FTC’sdecisionisessentialtodatasecurity.[C]CaliforniataAestheleadinsecuritylegislation.[D]legalpenaltyisamajorsolutiontodataleaAage.PartBDirections:YouaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandateGtaboutwhatparentsaresupposedtodotoguidetheirchildrenintoadulthood.ChooseaheadingfromthelistA —GthatbestfitsthemeaningofeachnumberedpartoftheteGt(41-45).Thefirs tandlastparagraphsoftheteGtarenotnumbered.TherearetwoeGtraheadin gsthatyoudonotneedtouse.MarAyouranswerson ANSWERSHEET1.(10poi nts)A.SetaGoodEGampleforYourAidsB.BuildYourA ids’Wor ASAillsC.PlaceTimeLimitsonLeisureActivitiesD.TalAabouttheFutureonaRegularBasisE.HelpAidsDevelopCopingStrategiesF.HelpYourAidsFigureOutWhoTheyAreG.BuildYourA ids’SenseofResponsibilityHowCanaParentHelp?Mothersandfatherscandoalottoensureasafelandinginearlyadulthood fortheirA ids.Evenifajob’sstartingsalaryseemstoosmalltosatisfyanemergi ngadult’sneedforrapidcontent,thetransitionfromschooltowor Acanbeles sofasetbacAifthestart-upadultisreadyforthemove.Hereareafewmeasures, drawnfrommybooAReadyorNot,HereLifeComes,thatparentscantaAetopr eventwhatIcall“wor A-lifeunreadiness.”Youcanstartthisprocesswhentheyare11or12.Periodicallyreviewtheire mergingstrengthsandweaAnesseswiththemandworAtogetheronanyshort comings,liAedifficultyincommunicatingwellorcollaborating.Also,identifyt heAindsofintereststheyAeepcomingbacAto,astheseoffercluestothecareer sthatwillfitthembest.Aidsneedarangeofauthenticrolemodels–asopposedtomembersofthe irclique,popstarsandvauntedathletes.Haveregulardinner-tablediscussion saboutpeoplethefamilyAnowsandhowtheygotwheretheyare.Discussthejo ysanddownsidesofyourowncareerandencourageyourAidstoformsomeide asabouttheirownfuture.WhenasAedwhattheywanttodo,theyshouldbedis couragedfromsaying“Ihavenoidea.”Theycanchangetheirminds200time s,buthavingonlyafoggyviewofthefutureisoflittlegood.TeachersareresponsibleforteachingAidshowtolearn;parentsshouldbe responsibleforteachingthemhowtoworA.Assignresponsibilitiesaroundthe houseandmaAesurehomeworAdeadlinesaremet.Encourageteenagerstot aAeapart-timejob.Aidsneedplentyofpracticedelayinggratificationanddep loyingeffectiveorganizationalsAills,suchasmanagingtimeandsettingpriori ties.Playingvideogamesencouragesimmediatecontent.Andhoursofwatchi ngTVshowswithcannedlaughteronlyteachesAidstoprocessinformationinapassiveway.Atthesametime,listeningthroughearphonestothesamemonot onousbeatsforlongstretchesencouragesAidstostayinsidetheirbubbleinste adofpursuingotherendeavors.Alltheseactivitiescanpreventthegrowthofi mportantcommunicationandthinAingsAillsandmaAeitdifficultforAidstod eveloptheAindofsustainedconcentrationtheywillneedformostjobs.TheyshouldAnowhowtodealwithsetbacAs,stressesandfeelingsofinad equacy.Theyshouldalsolearnhowtosolveproblemsandresolveconflicts,wa ystobrainstormandthinAcritically.DiscussionsathomecanhelpAidspractice doingthesethingsandhelpthemapplythesesAillstoeverydaylifesituations.Whataboutthesonordaughterwhoisgrownbutseemstobestrugglinga ndwanderingaimlesslythroughearlyadulthood?Parentsstillhaveamajorrol etoplay,butnowitismoredelicate.Theyhavetobecarefulnottocomeacrossas disappointedintheirchild.TheyshouldeGhibitstronginterestandrespectfor whatevercurrentlyintereststheirfledgingadult(asnaiveorillconceivedasitm ayseem)whilebecomingapartnerineGploringoptionsforthefuture.Mostof all,thesenewadultsmustfeelthattheyarerespectedandsupportedbyafamily thatappreciatesthem.PartCDirections: ReadthefollowingteGtcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyon ANSWERSHEET2.(1 0points)Thestudyoflawhasbeenrecognizedforcenturiesasabasicintellectualdis ciplineinEuropeanuniversities.However,onlyinrecentyearshasitbecomeafe atureofundergraduateprogramsinCanadianuniversities.(46)Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.Happily,theolderandmorecontinentalviewoflegaleducationisesta blishingitselfinanumberofCanadianuniversitiesandsomehaveevenbegunt oofferundergraduatedegreesinlaw.Ifthestudyoflawisbeginningtoestablishitselfaspartandparcelofagener aleducation,itsaimsandmethodsshouldappealdirectlytojournalismeducat wisadisciplinewhichencouragesresponsiblejudgment.Ontheoneha nd,itprovidesopportunitiestoanalyzesuchideasasjustice,democracyandfr eedom.(47)On the other, it linAs these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the linAs journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.ForeGample,notionsofevidenceandfact,ofbasicrightsandpublicinter estareatworAintheprocessofjournalisticjudgmentandproductionjustasinc ourtsoflaw.Sharpeningjudgmentbyabsorbingandreflectingonlawisadesir ablecomponentofajournalist’sintellectualpreparationforhisorhercareer.(48)But the idea that the journalist must understand the law moreprofoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.Politicsor,morebroadly,thefunctioningofthestate,isamajorsubjectf orjournalists.ThebetterinformedtheyareaboutthewaythestateworAs,theb ettertheirreportingwillbe.(49)In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.Furthermore,thelegalsystemandtheeventswhichoccurwithinitarepri marysubjectsforjournalists.Whilethequalityoflegaljournalismvariesgreatl y,thereisanunduerelianceamongstmanyjournalistsoninterpretationssuppl iedtothembylawyers.(50)While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and maAe their own judgments.Thesecanonlycomefromawell-groundedunderstandingofthel egalsystem.SectionIII WritingPartA51. Directions:Writealettertoyouuniversitylibrary,maAingsuggestionsforimprovingi tsservice.Youshouldwriteabout100wordson ANSWERSHEET2.Donot e“LiMing”instead.Donot writetheaddress.(10points)PartB52. Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyoures say,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)eGplainitsintendedmeaning,andthen3)supportyourviewwithaneGample/eGamples.Youshouldwriteneatlyon ANSWERSHEET2.(20points)20GG年考研英语（一）答案SectionI:UseofEnglish(10points)SectionII:ReadingComprehension(60points)PartA(40points)PartB(10points)PartC(10points)46. 长久以来，法律知识在这类学校里一起被视为律师们专有的，而不是一个受教育者的知识素养的必要组成部分。

【Selected】2015年考研英语一真题及解析.doc

2015年考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:ReadthefollowingteGt.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblanA andmarAA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.(10points)Thoughnotbiologicallyrelated,friendsareas“related”asfourthcousin s,sharingabout1%ofgenes.Thatis_(1)_astudy,publishedfromtheUniversity ofCaliforniaandYaleUniversityintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyof Sciences,has__(2)_.Thestudyisagenome-wideanalysisconducted_(3)__1,932uniquesubjec tswhich__(4)__pairsofunrelatedfriendsandunrelatedstrangers.Thesamepe oplewereusedinboth_(5)_.While1%mayseem_(6)_,itisnotsotoageneticist.AsJamesFowler,profess orofmedicalgeneticsatUCSanDiego,says,“Mostpeopledonoteven_(7)_th eirfourthcousinsbutsomehowmanagetoselectasfriendsthepeoplewho_(8) _ourA in.”Thestudy_(9)_foundthatthegenesforsmellweresomethingsharedinfrie ndsbutnotgenesforimmunity.WhythissimilarityeGistsinsmellgenesisdiffic ulttoeGplain,fornow,_(10)_,astheteamsuggests,itdrawsustosimilarenviron mentsbutthereismore_(11)_it.TherecouldbemanymechanismsworAingtogetherthat_(12)_usinchoos inggeneticallysimilarfriends_(13)_”functional A inship”ofbeingfriendswith_(14)_!OneoftheremarAablefindingsofthestudywasthesimilargenesseemtob eevolution_(15)_thanothergenesStudyingthiscouldhelp_(16)_whyhuman evolutionpicAedpaceinthelast30,000years,withsocialenvironmentbeinga major_(17)_factor.ThefindingsdonotsimplyeG plainpeople’s_(18)_tobefriendthoseofsi milar_(19)_bacAgrounds,saytheresearchers.Thoughallthesubjectsweredr awnfromapopulationofEuropeaneGtraction,carewastaAento_(20)_thatall subjects,friendsandstrangers,weretaAenfromthesamepopulation.1.[A]when[B]why[C]how[D]what【答案】[D]what【解析】该题考查的是语法知识。

【Selected】考研英语阅读理解及答案解析.doc

法律类GOINGBACAANDGETTINGITRIGHTByalmosteverymeasure,s tweeAtheSanDiegoCountydistrictattorneysaidhefullyintendstotrysuspect CharlesAndrewWilliams,15,asanadultfortheSantanaHighSchoolshootings. Evenbeforethetragedy,PfingsthadstoodbehindthecontroversialCalifornia lawthatmandatestreatingmurdersuspectsasyoungas14asadults.SonobodywouldhavewageredthatPfingstwouldalsobethefirstD.A.int heU.S.tolaunchhisveryownInnocenceProject.YetlastJune,Pfingsttoldhisatt orneystogobacAoveroldmurderandrapeconvictionsandseeifanyunravelw ithnewlydevelopedDNA-testingtools.Inotherwords,hewantedtorevisitpas tvictories--thistimeplayingfortheotherteam."IthinApeoplemisunderstand beingconservativeforbeingbiased,"saysPfingst."Iconsidermyselfapragma ticguy,andIhavenointerestinputtinginnocentpeopleinjail."AroundtheU.S.,flabbergasteddefenseattorneysandtheirjailedclientsc heeredhismove.Amongprosecutors,however,therewasanawAwardpause. Afterall,eachDNAtestcostsasmuchas$5,000.Thenthere'stheunspoAenrisA: ifdozensofinnocentsturnup,theD.A.willhaveindictedhisshop.Butninemonthslater,nobudgetshavebeenbustedorprosecutorsouste d.Onlytherarecasemeritsreview.Pfingst'steamconsidersconvictionsbefore 1993,whenthecitystartedroutineDNAtesting.Theydiscardcasesifthedefen danthasbeenreleased.Ofthe560remainingfiles,theyhavere-eGamined200, looAingforcaseswithbiologicalevidenceanddefendantswhostillclaiminno cence.Theyhaveidentifiedthreesofar.Themostcompellinginvolvesamanservi ng12yearsformolestingagirlwhowasplayinginhisapartment.Butotherswer ethereatthetime.Policefoundasmalldropofsalivaonthevictim'sshirt--toos mallasampletotestin1991.Todaythatspotcouldfreeaman.Testresultsaredu eanyday.InspiredbySanDiego,10othercountiesintheU.S.arestartingDNAa udits.ByAmandaRipleyeznciscosijevicrtwell;LisaMcLaughlin;JosephPierro;J oshTyrangielandSoraSong注(1)本文选自Time;03/19/20XX,Vol.157Issue11,p62,1p,2c,3bw注(2)本文习题命题模仿对象20XX年真题teGt1.1.HowdidPfingstcarryouthisownInnocenceProject?[A]Bygettingridofhisbiasagainstthesuspects.[B]Byrevisitingthepastvictories.[C]ByusingthenewlydevelopedDNA-testingtools.[D]Byhiscooperationwithhisattorneys.2.WhichofthefollowingcanbeanadvantageofInnocenceProject?[A]Tohelpcorrectthewrongjudgments.[B]Toousttheunqualifiedprosecutors.[C]TomaAetheprosecutorsinanawAwardsituation.[D]Tocheerupthedefenseattorneysandtheirjailedclients.3.TheeGpression“flabbergasted”(Line1,Paragraph3)mostprobably means_______.[A]eGcited[B]competent[C]embarrassed[D]astounded4.WhywasPfingstanunsentimentalprosecutor?[A]Heintendedtotryafifteen-yearoldsuspect.[B]Hehadnointerestinputtingtheinnocentinjail.[C]HesupportedthecontroversialCalifornialaw.[D]Hewantedtotrysuspectasyoungasfourteen.5.WhichofthefollowingisnottrueaccordingtotheteGt?[A]Pfingst’s move didn’t haveagreatcoverage.[B]Pfingst’smovehadboththepositiveandnegativeeffect.[C]Pfingst’s move didn’t worAwell.[D]Pfingst’s movegreatlyencouragedthejailedprisoners.篇章剖析本文采用的是记叙文的模式。

【Selected】2009年考研英语一真题(附答案).doc

20GG年考研英语（一）试题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Read the following teGt. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blanA and marA A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) ResearchonanimalintelligencealwaysmaAesmewonderjusthowsmarthum ansare.1thefruit-flyeG perimentsdescribedinCarlZimmer’spieceintheSci enceTimesonTuesday.Fruitflieswhoweretaughttobesmarterthantheavera gefruitfly2toliveshorterlives.Thissuggeststhat3bulbsburnlonger,thatthere isan4innotbeingtooterrificallybright.Intelligence,it5out,isahigh-pricedoption.IttaAesmoreupAeep,burnsmoref uelandisslow6thestartinglinebecauseitdependsonlearning-agradual7-ins teadofinstinct.Plentyofotherspeciesareabletolearn,andoneofthethingsth ey’veapparentlylearnediswhento8.Isthereanadaptivevalueto9intelligence?That’stheque stionbehindthisne wresearch.IliA eit.Insteadofcastingawistfulglance10atallthespecieswe’ve leftinthedustI.Q.-wise,itimplicitlyasAswhatthereal11ofourownintelligence mightbe.Thisis12themindofeveryanimalI’veevermet. ResearchonanimalintelligencealsomaAesmewonderwhateGperimentsani malswould13onhumansiftheyhadthechance.Everycatwithanowner,14,isru nningasmall-scalestudyinoperantconditioning.webelievethat15animalsra nthelabs,theywouldtestusto16thelimitsofourpatience,ourfaithfulness,our memoryforterrain.Theywouldtrytodecidewhatintelligenceinhumansisreal ly17,notmerelyhowmuchofitthereis.18,theywouldhopetostudya19question:Arehumansactuallyawareoftheworldtheylivein?20theresultsareinconcl usive.1.[A]Suppose [B]Consider [C]Observe [D]Imagine2.[A]tended [B]feared [C]happened [D]threatened3.[A]thinner [B]stabler [C]lighter [D]dimmer4.[A]tendency [B]advantage[C]inclination [D]priority5.[A]insistson [B]sumsup [C]turnsout [D]putsforward6.[A]off [B]behind [C]over [D]along7.[A]incredible [B]spontaneous[C]inevitable[D]gradual8.[A]fight [B]doubt [C]stop [D]thinA9.[A]invisible [B]limited [C]indefinite [D]different10.[A]upward [B]forward [C]afterward[D]bacAward11.[A]features [B]influences [C]results [D]costs12.[A]outside [B]on [C]by [D]across13.[A]deliver [B]carry [C]perform [D]apply14.[A]bychance [B]incontrast [C]asusual [D]forinstance15.[A]if [B]unless [C]as [D]lest16.[A]moderate [B]overcome [C]determine [D]reach17.[A]at [B]for [C]after [D]with18.[A]Aboveall [B]Afterall [C]However [D]Otherwise19.[A]fundamental [B]comprehensive[C]equivalent [D]hostile20.[A]Byaccident [B]Intime [C]Sofar [D]Betterstill SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Read the following four teGts. Answer the questions below each teGt by choosing A, B, C or D. MarA your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)TeGt1Habitsareafunnything.Wereachforthemmindlessly,settingourbrainsonaut o-pilotandrelaG ingintotheunconsciouscomfortoffamiliarroutine.“Notch oice,buthabitrulestheunreflectingherd,”WilliamWordsworthsaidinth e19 thcentury.Intheever-changing21stcentury,eventheword“habit”carriesa negativeconnotation. SoitseemsantitheticaltotalAabouthabitsinthesameconteGtascreativityan dinnovation.Butbrainresearchershavediscoveredthatwhenweconsciously developnewhabits,wecreateparallelsynapticpaths,andevenentirelynewbr aincells,thatcanjumpourtrainsofthoughtontonew,innovativetracAs. Butdon’tbothertryingto Ailloffoldhabits;oncethoserutsofprocedurearew ornintothehippocampus,they’retheretostay.Instead,thenewhabitswedel iberatelyingrainintoourselvescreateparallelpathwaysthatcanbypassthose oldroads. “Thefirstthingneededforinnovationisafascinationwithwonder,”saysDaw naMarA ova,authorof“TheOpenMind”andane Gecutivechangeconsulta ntforProfessionalThinA ingPartners.“Butwearetaughtinsteadto‘decide,’justasourpresidentcallshimself‘theDecider.’”Sheadds,however,that “todecideisto Ailloffallpossibilitiesbutone.AgoodinnovationalthinAerisalwayseG ploringthemanyotherpossibilities.”AllofusworA throughproblemsinwaysofwhichwe’reunaware,shesays.Res earchersinthelate1960coveredthathumansarebornwiththecapacitytoappr oachchallengesinfourprimaryways:analytically,procedurally,relationally(o rcollaboratively)andinnovatively.Atpuberty,however,thebrainshutsdownh alfofthatcapacity,preservingonlythosemodesofthoughtthathaveseemed mostvaluableduringthefirstdecadeorsooflife. Thecurrentemphasisonstandardizedtestinghighlightsanalysisandproced ure,meaningthatfewofusinherentlyuseourinnovativeandcollaborativemo desofthought.“Thisbrea AsthemajorruleintheAmericanbeliefsystem-that anyonecandoanything,”e GplainsM.J.Ryan,authorofthe20GGbooA“ThisY earIWill...”andMs.Mar A ova’sbusinesspartner.“That’saliethatwehavep erpetuated,anditfosterscommonness.A nowingwhatyou’regoodatandd oingevenmoreofitcreateseG cellence.”Thisiswheredevelopingnewhabitsc omesin.21.TheviewofWordsworthhabitisclaimedbybeingA.casualB.familiarC.mechanicalD.changeable.22.TheresearchershavediscoveredthattheformationofhabitcanbeA.predictedB.regulatedC.tracedD.guided23.”ruts”(inlineone,paragraph3)hasclosestmeaningtoA.tracAsB.seriesC.characteristicsD.connections24.Ms.MarA ova’scommentssuggestthatthepracticeofstandardtesting? A,preventsnewhabitsformbeingformedB,nolongeremphasizescommonnessC,maintainstheinherentAmericanthinAingmodelD,complieswiththeAmericanbeliefsystem25.RyanmostprobablyagreethatA.ideasarebornofarelaGingmindB.innovativenesscouldbetaughtC.decisivenessderivesfromfantasticideasD.curiosityactivatescreativemindsTeGt2ItisawisefatherthatAnowshisownchild,buttodayamancanboosthispaterna l(fatherly)wisdom-oratleastconfirmthathe’sthe A id’sdad.Allheneedsto doisshellour$30forpaternitytestingAit(PTA)athislocaldrugstore-andanoth er$120togettheresults.Morethan60,000peoplehavepurchasedthePTAssincetheyfirstbecomeavai lablewithoutprescriptionslastyears,accordingtoDougFog,chiefoperatingo fficerofIdentigene,whichmaAestheover-the-counterAits.Morethantwodo zencompaniessellDNAtestsDirectlytothepublic,ranginginpricefromafewh undreddollarstomorethan$2500.Amongthemostpopular:paternityandAinshiptesting,whichadoptedchildr encanusetofindtheirbiologicalrelativesandlatestrageamanypassionatege nealogists-andsupportsbusinessesthatoffertosearchforafamily’sgeogra phicroots. Mosttestsrequirecollectingcellsbywebbingsalivainthemouthandsendingit tothecompanyfortesting.Alltestsrequireapotentialcandidatewithwhomto compareDNA.ButsomeobserversaresA eptical,“Thereisa Aindoffalseprecisionbeing hawA edbypeopleclaimingtheyaredoingancestrytesting,”saysTreyDuster, aNewYorAUniversitysociologist.Henotesthateachindividualhasmanyance stors-numberinginthehundredsjustafewcenturiesbacA.Yetmostancestryt estingonlyconsidersasinglelineage,eithertheYchromosomeinheritedthro ughmeninafather’slineormitochondrialDNA,whichapasseddownonlyfro mmothers.ThisDNAcanrevealgeneticinformationaboutonlyoneortwoanc estors,eventhough,foreGample,justthreegenerationsbacApeoplealsohav esiGothergreat-grandparentsor,fourgenerationsbacA,14othergreat-great -grandparents.Criticsalsoarguethatcommercialgenetictestingisonlyasgoodastherefe rencecollectionstowhichasampleiscompared.Databasesusedbysomecom paniesdon’trelyondatacollectedsystematicall ybutratherlumptogetherin formationfromdifferentresearchprojects.ThismeansthataDNAdatabasem aydifferdependingonthecompanythatprocessestheresults.Inaddition,the computerprogramsacompanyusestoestimaterelationshipsmaybepatente dandnotsubjecttopeerrevieworoutsideevaluation.26.Inparagraphs1and2,theteGtshowsPTA’s___________.[A]easyavailability[B]fleGibilityinpricing[C]successfulpromotion[D]popularitywithhouseholds27.PTAisusedto__________.[A]locateone’sbirthplace[B]promotegeneticresearch[C]identifyparent-childAinship[D]choosechildrenforadoption28.SAepticalobserversbelievethatancestrytestingfailsto__________.[A]tracedistantancestors[B]rebuildreliablebloodlines[C]fullyusegeneticinformation[D]achievetheclaimedaccuracy29.Inthelastparagraph,aproblemcommercialgenetictestingfacesis________ __.[A]disorganizeddatacollection[B]overlappingdatabasebuilding30.AnappropriatetitlefortheteGtismostliAelytobe__________.[A]ForsandAgainstsofDNAtesting [B]DNAtestingandIt’sproblems [C]DNAtestingoutsidethelab [D]liesbehindDNAtestingTeGt3 Therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoorco untriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansaliAeprogressi nbothareaisundoubtedlynecessaryforthesocial,politicalandintellectualde velopmentoftheseandallothersocieties;however,theconventionalviewthat educationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideco nomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.Wearefortunatethatisit,beca useneweducationalsystemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemt oimproveeconomicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthreegenerations.Th efindingsofaresearchinstitutionhaveconsistentlyshownthatworAersinallc ountriescanbetrainedonthejobtoachieveradicalhigherproductivityand,asaresult,radicallyhigherstandardsofliving.Ironically,thefirstevidenceforthisideaappearedintheUnitedStates.Notlong ago,withthecountryenteringarecessingandJapanatitspre-bubblepeaA.Th eU.S.worAforcewasderidedaspoorlyeducatedandoneofprimarycauseofth epoorU.S.economicperformance.Japanwas,andremains,thegloballeaderi nautomotive-assemblyproductivity.YettheresearchrevealedthattheU.S.fac toriesofHondaNissan,andToyotaachievedabout95percentoftheproductivi tyoftheirJapanesecounterepantsaresultofthetrainingthatU.S.worAersrece ivedonthejob.Morerecently,whileeGaminghousingconstruction,theresearchersdiscover edthatilliterate,non-English-speaAingMeGicanworAersinHouston,TeGas, consistentlymetbest-practicelaborproductivitystandardsdespitethecomp leG ityofthebuildingindustry’swor A. Whatistherealrelationshipbetweeneducationandeconomicdevelopment? Wehavetosuspectthatcontinuingeconomicgrowthpromotesthedevelopm entofeducationevenwhengovernmentsdon’tforceit.Afterall,that’show educationgotstarted.Whenourancestorswerehuntersandgatherers10,000 yearsago,theydidn’thavetimetowondermuchaboutanythingbesidesfind ingfood.Onlywhenhumanitybegantogetitsfoodinamoreproductivewaywa stheretimeforotherthings.Aseducationimproved,humanity’sproductivitypotential,theycouldinturn affordmoreeducation.Thisincreasinglyhighlevelofeducationisprobablyan ecessary,butnotasufficient,conditionforthecompleGpoliticalsystemsrequi redbyadvancedeconomicperformance.Thuspoorcountriesmightnotbeabletoescapetheirpovertytrapswithoutpoliticalchangesthatmaybepossibleo nlywithbroaderformaleducation.AlacAofformaleducation,however,doesn ’tconstraintheabilityofthedevelopingworld’s worAforcetosubstantiallyi mproveproductivityfortheforestedfuture.Onthecontrary,constraintsonim provingproductivityeG plainwhyeducationisn’tdevelopingmorequic Alyt herethanitis.31.Theauthorholdsinparagraph1thattheimportantofeducationinpoorcou ntries___________.[A]issubjectgroundlessdoubts[B]hasfallenvictimofbias[C]isconventionaldowngraded[D]hasbeenoverestimated32.Itisstatedinparagraph1thatconstructionofaneweducationsystem______ ____.[A]challengeseconomistsandpoliticians[B]taAeseffortsofgenerations[C]demandspriorityfromthegovernment[D]requiressufficientlaborforce33.AmajordifferencebetweentheJapaneseandU.SworAforcesisthat_______ ___.[A]theJapaneseworAforceisbetterdisciplined[B]theJapaneseworAforceismoreproductive[C]theU.SworAforcehasabettereducation[D]]theU.SworAforceismoreorganize34.TheauthorquotestheeGampleofourancestorstoshowthateducationem erged__________.[A]whenpeoplehadenoughtime[B]priortobetterwaysoffindingfood[C]whenpeopleonlongerwenthung[D]asaresultofpressureongovernment35.Accordingtothelastparagraph,developmentofeducation__________.[A]resultsdirectlyfromcompetitiveenvironments[B]doesnotdependoneconomicperformance[C]followsimprovedproductivity[D]cannotaffordpoliticalchangesTeGt4 Themostthoroughlystudiedinthehistoryofthenewworldaretheministersan dpoliticalleadersofseventeenth-centuryNewEngland.Accordingtothestan dardhistoryofAmericanphilosophy,nowhereelseincolonialAmericawas“S omuchimportantattachedtointellectualpursuits”Accordingtomanyboo A sandarticles,NewEngland’sleader sestablishedthebasicthemesandpreoc cupationsofanunfolding,dominantPuritantraditioninAmericanintellectual life. TotaAethisapproachtotheNewEnglandersnormallymeantostartwiththePu ritans’theologicalinnovationsandtheirdistinctiveideasaboutthechurch-i mportantsubjectsthatwemaynotneglect.ButinAeepingwithoureGaminati onofsouthernintellectuallife,wemayconsidertheoriginalPuritansascarriers ofEuropeancultureadjustingtoNewworldcircumstances.TheNewEnglandcolonieswerethescenesofimportantepisodesinthepursuitofwidelyunderst oodidealsofcivilityandvirtuosity. TheearlysettlersofMassachusettsBayincludedmenofimpressiveeducation andinfluenceinEngland.`Besidestheninetyorsolearnedministerswhocame toMassachusettschurchinthedecadeafter1629,Therewerepoliticalleadersl iAeJohnWinthrop,aneducatedgentleman,lawyer,andofficialoftheCrownb eforehejourneyedtoBoston.TheremenwroteandpublishedeGtensively,rea chingbothNewWorldandOldWorldaudiences,andgivingNewEnglandanat mosphereofintellectualearnestness.Weshouldnotforget,however,thatmostNewEnglanderswerelesswelleduca ted.Whilefewcraftsmenorfarmers,letalonedependentsandservants,leftlite rarycompositionstobeanalyzed,TheinthinAingoftenhadatraditionalsuper stitionsquality.AtailornamedJohnDane,whoemigratedinthelate1630s,left anaccountofhisreasonsforleavingEnglandthatisfilledwithsigns.seGualcon fusion,economicfrustrations,andreligioushope-allnametogetherinadecisi vemomentwhenheopenedtheBible,toldhisfatherthefirstlinehesawwoulds ettlehisfate,andreadthemagicalwords:“comeoutfromamongthem,touch nouncleanthing,andIwillbeyourGodand youshallbemypeople.”Onewond erswhatDanethoughtofthecarefulsermonseGplainingtheBiblethathehear dinpuritanchurched.Meanwhile,manysettleshadslighterreligiouscommitmentsthanDane’s,as oneclergymanlearnedinconfrontingfolAalongthecoastwhomocAedthatth eyhadnotcometot heNewworldforreligion.“Ourmainendwastocatchfish.”36.Theauthornotesthatintheseventeenth-centuryNewEngland_______ ____.[A]Puritantraditiondominatedpoliticallife.[B]intellectualinterestswere encouraged.[C]Politicsbenefitedmuchfromintellectualendeavors.[D]intellectualpursuitsenjoyedaliberalenvironment.37.Itissuggestedinparagraph2thatNewEnglanders__________.[A]eGperiencedacomparativelypeacefulearlyhistory.[B]broughtwitht hemthecultureoftheOldWorld[C]paidlittleattentiontosouthernintellectuallife[D]wereobsessedwithr eligiousinnovations38.TheearlyministersandpoliticalleadersinMassachusettsBay_________ _.[A]werefamousintheNewWorldfortheirwritings[B]gainedincreasingimportanceinreligiousaffairs[C]abandonedhighpositionsbeforecomingtotheNewWorld[D]create danewintellectualatmosphereinNewEngland39.ThestoryofJohnDaneshowsthatlesswell-educatedNewEnglanders wereoften__________.[A]influencedbysuperstitions[B]troubledwithreligiousbeliefs[C]puzzledbychurchsermons[D]frustratedwithfamilyearnings40.TheteGtsuggeststhatearlysettlersinNewEngland__________.[A]weremostlyengagedinpoliticalactivities[B]weremotivatedbyanillus oryprospect[C]camefromdifferentbacAgrounds.[D]leftfewformalrecordsforlaterr eferencePartBDirections:Directions: In the following teGt, some sentences have been removed. For Questions (41-45), choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanA. There are two eGtra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. MarA your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)CoincidingwiththegroundbreaAingtheoryofbiologicalevolutionprop osedbyBritishnaturalistCharlesDarwininthe1860s,Britishsocialphilosophe rHerbertSpencerputforwardhisowntheoryofbiologicalandculturalevoluti on.Spencerarguedthatallworldlyphenomena,includinghumansocieties,ch angedovertime,advancingtowardperfection.41.____________.AmericansocialscientistLewisHenryMorganintroducedanothertheory ofculturalevolutioninthelate1800s.Morgan,alongwithTylor,wasoneofthef oundersofmodernanthropology.InhisworA,heattemptedtoshowhowallas pectsofculturechangedtogetherintheevolutionofsocieties.42._____________ .Intheearly1900sinNorthAmerica,German-bornAmericananthropolog istFranzBoasdevelopedanewtheoryofcultureAnownashistoricalparticulari sm.Historicalparticularism,whichemphasizedtheuniquenessofallcultures, gavenewdirectiontoanthropology.43._____________.Boasfeltthatthecultureofanysocietymustbeunderstoodastheresultofauniquehistoryandnotasoneofmanyculturesbelongingtoabroaderevolutio narystageortypeofculture.44._______________.Historicalparticularismbecameadominantapproachtothestudyofcult ureinAmericananthropology,largelythroughtheinfluenceofmanystudents ofBoas.Butanumberofanthropologistsintheearly1900salsorejectedthepar ticularisttheoryofcultureinfavorofdiffusionism.Someattributedvirtuallyev eryimportantculturalachievementtotheinventionsofafew,especiallygifted peoplesthat,accordingtodiffusionists,thenspreadtoothercultures.45._____ ___________.Alsointheearly1900s,FrenchsociologistÉmileDur Aheimdevelopedath eoryofculturethatwouldgreatlyinfluenceanthropology.DurAheimpropose dthatreligiousbeliefsfunctionedtoreinforcesocialsolidarity.Aninterestinth erelationshipbetweenthefunctionofsocietyandculture—Anownasfunctio nalism—becameamajorthemeinEuropean,andespeciallyBritish,anthropol ogy.[A]Otheranthropologistsbelievedthatculturalinnovations,suchasinventio ns,hadasingleoriginandpassedfromsocietytosociety.ThistheorywasAnow nasdiffusionism.[B]Inordertostudyparticularculturesascompletelyaspossible,Boasbecam esAilledinlinguistics,thestudyoflanguages,andinphysicalanthropology,th estudyofhumanbiologyandanatomy.[C]Hearguedthathumanevolutionwascharacterizedbyastrugglehecalledt he"survivalofthefittest,"inwhichweaAerracesandsocietiesmusteventually bereplacedbystronger,moreadvancedracesandsocieties.[D]Theyalsofocusedonimportantritualsthatappearedtopreserveapeople' ssocialstructure,suchasinitiationceremoniesthatformallysignifychildren'se ntranceintoadulthood.[E]Thus,inhisview,diverseaspectsofculture,suchasthestructureoffamilies,f ormsofmarriage,categoriesofAinship,ownershipofproperty,formsofgover nment,technology,andsystemsoffoodproduction,allchangedassocietiese volved.[F]Supportersofthetheoryviewedasacollectionofintegratedpartsthatwor AtogethertoAeepasocietyfunctioning.[G]ForeGample,BritishanthropologistsGraftonElliotSmithandW.J.Perryinc orrectlysuggested,onthebasisofinadequateinformation,thatfarming,pott erymaAing,andmetallurgyalloriginatedinancientEgyptanddiffusedthroug houttheworld.Infact,alloftheseculturaldevelopmentsoccurredseparatelya tdifferenttimesinmanypartsoftheworld.PartCDirections:Read the following teGt carefully and then translate the underlinedsegments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)ThereisamarAeddifferencebetweentheeducationwhicheveryonegetsf romlivingwithothers,andthedeliberateeducatingoftheyoung.Intheformer casetheeducationisincidental;itisnaturalandimportant,butitisnottheeGpr essreasonoftheassociation.(46)Itmaybesaidthatthemeasureoftheworthof anysocialinstitutionisitseffectinenlargingandimprovingeGperience;butthi seffectisnotapartofitsoriginalmotive.Religiousassociationsbegan,foreGa mple,inthedesiretosecurethefavorofoverrulingpowersandtowardoffevilin fluences;familylifeinthedesiretogratifyappetitesandsecurefamilyperpetui ty;systematiclabor,forthemostpart,becauseofenslavementtoothers,etc.(4 7)Onlygraduallywastheby-productoftheinstitutionnoted,andonlymoregr aduallystillwasthiseffectconsideredasadirectivefactorintheconductofthei nstitution.Eventoday,inourindustriallife,apartfromcertainvaluesofindustri ousnessandthrift,theintellectualandemotionalreactionoftheformsofhuma nassociationunderwhichtheworld'sworAiscarriedonreceiveslittleattentio nascomparedwithphysicaloutput.Butindealingwiththeyoung,thefactofassociationitselfasanimmediate humanfact,gainsinimportance.(48)Whileitiseasytoignoreinourcontactwit hthemtheeffectofouractsupontheirdisposition,itisnotsoeasyasindealingw ithadults.Theneedoftrainingistooevident;thepressuretoaccomplishachan geintheirattitudeandhabitsistoourgenttoleavetheseconsequenceswholly outofaccount.(49)Sinceourchiefbusinesswiththemistoenablethemtoshare inacommonlifewecannothelpconsideringwhetherornoweareformingthepowerswhichwillsecurethisability.Ifhumanityhasmadesomeheadwayinreali zingthattheultimatevalueofeveryinstitutionisitsdistinctivelyhumaneffect wemaywellbelievethatthislessonhasbeenlearnedlargelythroughdealings withtheyoung.(50)Wearethusledtodistinguish,withinthebroadeducationalprocessw hichwehavebeensofarconsidering,amoreformalAindofeducation--thatof directtuitionorschooling.Inundevelopedsocialgroups,wefindverylittlefor malteachingandtraining.Thesegroupsmainlyrelyforinstillingneededdispo sitionsintotheyounguponthesamesortofassociationwhichAeepstheadults loyaltotheirgroup.SectionⅢWritingPartA51.Directions:Restrictions on the use of plastic bags have not been so successful in some regions. "White pollution "is still going on. Write a letter to the editor(s) of your local newspaper togive your opinions briefly andmaAe two or three suggestionsYou should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.PartB52. Directions:In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) eGplain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)20GG年考研英语（一)试题答案SectionI:UseofEnglish(10points)SectionII:ReadingComprehension(60points)PartB(10points)PartC(10points)46. 虽然我们可以说衡量任何一个社会机构价值的标准是其在丰富和完善人生方面所起的作用，但这种作用并不是我们最初的动机的组成部分。

【Selected】考研英语历年翻译真题.docx

一.1980考研英语翻译真题及答案SectionVIChinese-EnglishTranslation将下列句子译成英语：（本大题共20分，第1题2分，其余各题均3分）SectionVI:Chinese-EnglishTranslation(20points)1.水一煮沸请立即把开关关掉。

1.Pleaseturnofftheswitch(switchoff)assoonasthewaterboils.2.在八十年代，中国人民将以更大的步伐向前迈进。

2.TheChinesepeoplewillforgeahead(marchon,marchonward,marchforward)withgreaterstridesin1980’s.3.我们都同意李同志已作出的决定。

3.WeallagreetothedecisioncomradeLihasmade(made).4.这个结果比我们预期的要好得多。

4.Theresultismuch(far)betterthanweeRpected.5.在过去的三年中，在恢复我国国民经济方面做了大量的工作。

5.DuringthepastthreeRearsalot(ofworA)hasbeendoneintherecoverR(rest oration)ofournationaleconomR(inrecoveringournationaleconomR;inrest oringournationaleconomR).6.我们把英语作为学习西方先进科学技术的一种工具。

6.WeuseEnglishasatoolinlearningWesternadvancedscienceandtechnolog R.7.没有党的领导，我国的社会主义现代化是不可能实现的。

7.Itisimpossibletoaccomplish(carrRout,fulfill,materialize)thesocialistmod ernizationofourcountrR(oursocialistmodernization)withouttheleadership ofthePartR.SectionVIIEnglish-ChineseTranslation将下列短文译成汉语：（本大题30分）（文科各类专业译第1段，理、工、医、农、体各类专业译第2段）SectionVII:English-ChineseTranslation(30points)(1)ThelifeofAlbertEinsteinisamodelinmanRwaRsforbothnaturalandpoliticals cientists.阿伯特·爱因斯坦的一生在许多方面，无论是对自然科学家，还是政治科学家，都是一个范例。

考研英语一真题及答案word版

考研英语一真题及答案word版2023年考研英语一真题及答案（word版）Section Ⅰ Use of English2023年考研英语一真题及答案（word版）Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to probation on that day.To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 .He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews, 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant's score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardised exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 .1.[A] grant [B] submits [C] transmits [D] delivers2.[A] minor [B]objective [C] crucial [D] external3.[A] issue [B] vision [C] picture [D] moment4.[A] For example [B] On average [C] In principle[D] Above all5.[A] fond [B]fearful [C] capable [D] thoughtless6.[A] in [B] on [C] to [D] for7.[A] if [B]until [C] though [D] unless8.[A] promote [B]emphasize [C] share [D] test9.[A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success10.[A] chosen [B]stupid [C]found [D] identified11.[A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise12.[A] inspired [B]expressed [C] conducted [D] secured13.[A] assigned [B]rated [C] matched [D] arranged14.[A] put [B]got [C]gave [D] took15.[A]instead [B]then [C] ever [D] rather16.[A]selected [B]passed [C] marked [D] introduced17.[A]before [B] after [C] above [D] below18.[A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate19.[A]achieve [B]undo [C] maintain [D]disregard20. [A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpfulPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In the 2023 film version of The Devil Wears Prada ,Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her, Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish would described in Overdressed, Eliazabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decade or so ,advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara ,H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that–and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution , of course ,are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-pius stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. “Mass-produced clothing ,like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,” Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year – about 64 items per person – and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2023 has made all of her own clothes – and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her ex ample can’t be knocked off.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her[A] poor bargaining skill.[B] insensitivity to fashion.[C] obsession with high fashion.[D]lack of imagination.22. According to Cline, mass-maket labels urge consumers to[B] shut out the feverish fashion world.[C] resist the influence of advertisements.[D] shop for their garments more frequently.23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to[A] accusation.[B] enthusiasm.[C] indifference.[D] tolerance.24. Which of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph?[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25. What is the subject of the text?[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text2In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2023 America's Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell adwertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT ;Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digltal Adwertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responging to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10,the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to:[B] lower their operational costs[D]provide better online services27. “The industry” (Line 6,Para.3) refers to:[A] online advertisers[C] digital information analysis[D]internet browser developers28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default[A] many cut the number of junk ads[B] fails to affect the ad industry[C] will not benefit consumers[D]goes against human nature29. which of the following is true according to Paragraph.6?[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:[A] indulgence[B] understanding[C] appreciation[D] skepticismText 3Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment[B] our faith in science and technology[C] our awareness of potential risks[D] our belief in equal opportunity32. The IUCN’s “Red List” suggest that human being are[A] a sustained species[B] a threaten to the environment[C] the world’s dominant power[D] a misplaced race33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.[B] Technology offers solutions to social problem.[C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise.[D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to[A] explore our planet’s abundant resources[B] adopt an optimistic view of the world[C] draw on our experience from the past[D] curb our ambition to reshape history35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Uncertainty about Our Future[B] Evolution of the Human Species[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind[D] Science, Technology and HumanityText 4On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution,the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization ”and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial . Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held the con gress had deliberately “occupied the field” and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers.Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with thefederal statute.The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia,who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t w ant to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.36. Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.[B] disturbed the power balance between different states.[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies.37. On which of the following did the Justices agree, according to Paragraph4?[A] Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’information.[B] States’ independence from federal immigration law.[C] States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.[D] Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement.38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts[A] violated the Constitution.[B] undermined the states’ interests.[C] supported the federal statute.[D] stood in favor of the states.39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement[A] outweighs that held by the states.[B] is dependent on the states’ support.[C] is established by federal statutes.[D] rarely goes against state laws.40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The social sciences are flourishing. As of 2005,there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2023,the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000. Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challenges including climate change, security, sustainable development andhealth.(41)______Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger , from genetically engineered crops to artificial fertilizers . Here , too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.Today ,the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates, rather than on topics with external impact.Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords“environmental changed” or “climate change” have increased rapidly since 2004,(43)____ scientists: one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highlyspecialized journals, and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy briefs.[B] However, the numbers are still small: in 2023,about 1,600 of the100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these Keywords.[C] the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies. [E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior . all require behavioral change and social innovations , as well as technological development . Stemmingclimate change , for example , is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.[F] Despite these factors , many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems . And in Europe , some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development .[G] During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations , it is about 15%.Section III Translation46. Directions: Translate the following text from English to Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2. (10 points)Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; (46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak os various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.Section IV WritingPart A51. Directions:You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended meaning, andYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2. (20 points)阅读答案：(由新东方集团郭威老师、广州新东方刘晓峰、济南新东方赵晓栋老师、研发中心众同事提供)TEXT 121. 【答案】B (insensitivity to fashion)22. 【答案】D (shop for their garments more frequently)23. 【答案】A (accusation)24. 【答案】D (pricing is vital to environmental-friendly purchasing)25. 【答案】C (criticism of the fast-fashion industry)TEXT 226. 【答案】B (lower their operational costs)27. 【答案】D (internet browser developers)28. 【答案】C (will not benefit consumers)29. 【答案】A (DNT may not serve its intended purpose)30. 【答案】D (skepticism)TEXT 331. 【答案】B (our faith in science and technology)32. 【答案】A ( a sustained species)33. 【答案】D (Our Immediate future is hard to conceive)34. 【答案】C (draw on our experience from the past)35. 【答案】C (The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind)TEXT 436. 【答案】C (overstepped the authority of federal immigration law)37. 【答案】C (States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement)38. 【答案】D (Stood in favor of the states)39. 【答案】A (outweighs that held by the states)40. 【答案】D (The Administration is dominant over immigration issues)翻译原文和答案(由北京新东方唐静老师提供)(46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.然而，当我们看到这样的照片，看到那些无家可归者所创造的花园之时，感到了深深的震撼：尽管它们风格多样，但这些花园道出了其他的根本需求，而非停留在装饰美化或是创造性表达。

考研英语（一）完整真题及答案解析

考研英语（一）完整真题及答案解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!" ___1__ helping you feel close and __2___to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a ___3__ of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you __4___ getting sick this winter.In a recent study ___5__ over 400 healthy adults,researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs ___6__ the participants' susceptibility(敏感性) to developing the common cold after being ___7__ to the virus. People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come ___8__ with a cold, and the researchers __9___ that the stress-reducing effects of hugging ___10__ about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. ___11__ among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe __12___."Hugging protects people who are under stress from the ___13__ risk for colds that's usually __14___ with stress," notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging "is a marker of intimacy and helps __15___ the feeling that others are there to help ___16__difficulty."Some experts ___17__ the stress-reducing,health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin(后叶催产素), oftencalled"the bonding hormone" __18___ it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it___19__ in the brain, where it __20___ mood, behavior and physiology.1.[A]Besides[B]Unlike[C]Throughout[D]Despite介词辨析。

专业学位硕士研究生英语教程Unit-1词汇及课后答案(word文档良心出品)

Unit 1Excuse NotesWord Bankanthology: n. a collection of artistic works which have a similar form or subject, often those considered to be the best 诗选/文选attest :v. to show sth. or to say or prove that sth. is true 证明choke: v. to stop breathing 窒息，哽住devilment : n. behavior that causes trouble but is usually intended to be playful or amusing 恶作剧distribute: v. to give sth. out to several people, or to spread or supply sth. 分发，发送epiphany: n. understanding 理解forge: v. to make an illegal copy of sth. in order to deceive 伪造，铸造gem: n. sb. or sth. that is very good, pleasing or useful 精品，非常有用的人genuine: adj. sth. genuine is what it seems to be; real 真的lucid: adj.clearly expressed and easy to understand or (of a person) thinking or speaking clearly 易懂的，明白的，清醒的omit: v. to fail to include or do sth. 省略，疏忽plight: n. an unpleasant condition, especially a serious, sad or difficult one 处境，状态seduction: n. the attractive quality of sth. 诱惑superintendent: n. people who is in charge of work done in a particular department, office, etc. 主管，负责人treason: n. lack of loyalty to one’s country, especially by helping its enemies or attempting to defeat its government 通敌，叛国罪vulgar: adj. rude and likely to upset or anger people 无理的，粗俗的Phrases and Expressionsbe evicted from: to be forced to leave somewhere 驱逐，赶走be worth of: deserving respect, admiration or support 值得的glance at: to give a quick short look 一瞥turn into: to change into 进入，（使）变成Reading ComprehensionChoose the best for each of the following.1. According to the passage, the teacher ____D____.A. is angry with his students.B. does not like his students forging excuse notes.C. blames the parents.D. teaches a successful writing class.2. Mikey missed school ____D____.A. because his grandmother fell down from the stairsB. because he did not like his teacherC. because his parents wanted him to be homeD. because he did not want to go to school3. When the students forged the excuse notes, they were ____A____.A. very smart and imaginativeB. boredC. indifferentD. excited4. The principal of the school ____B____.A. blamed the teacher for what he had done in class.B. praised the teacher for what he had done in class.C. was disappointed with the teacher.D. fired the teacher.5. Which of the following statements is NOT true? ( D )A. The students enjoyed the teacher’s writing class very much.B. The students were very creative in forging excuse notes.C. The teacher enjoyed teaching writing.D. The students did not enjoy the teacher’s writing class.II. Complete the following summary (summarize) of the text by filling in the blanks with words. The initial letter of each word has been given to you.His methods anything but conventional, Mr. McCourt created a lasting impact on his students through imaginative assignments in his (1)creative writing. He found that some of his students (2) forged excuse notes in the name of their parents. He does not angry with what the students had done; instead, he divided those notes into two (3)piles, one for the (4)genuine ones written by parents, the other for forgeries. The students were so smart that they could create a variety of (5)excuses. So the teacher decided to dig up their (6)talent in writing by asking them to write excuse notes. The students were so (7)absorbed in the writing that they almost forgot to have (8)lunch.At last the principal (9)praised the teacher for this successful teaching method. Both the teache and the students were happy about the writing class. And the teacher realized everyone (10)needed an excuse. Understanding is essential to the teacher and the students.VocabularyI. Choose the answer that best completes each sentence.1. A number of __D___ works of art have been sold as genuine.A. falseB. beautifulC. famousD. forged2. To ___B__ one’s power is to commit a crime and eventually end up in jail.A. accuseB. abuseC. deduceD. excuse3. Seeing the speeding car, the policeman __B__ the driver to pull up at the curb.A. reckonedB. beckonedC. softenedD. stiffened4. Unfortunately, he hit a traffic jam and missed the train __B___ a few minutes.A. withB. byC. beforeD. for5. She gave a clear and __A___ account of her plans for the company's future.A. lucidB. dullC. unclearD. ambiguous6. Isn't it rather __C___ to talk about how much money you earn?A. politeB. boringC. vulgarD. pleasant7. The books will be __D___ free to local schools.A. contributedB. tributeC. attributedD. distributed8. The editor required him to __A___ some details of the article.A. omitB. permitC. summitD. illuminate9. Few of us can be unmoved by the __C___ of the Romanian orphans.A. lightB. mightC. plightD. moonlight10. I have to __B___ my reputation.A. detectB. protectC. intactD. preventII. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary. superintendent choke attest forge gemgenuine lucid omit turn into excuseglance at evicted disguise worthy imagination1. In the US. a school is superintendent in charge of the schools in a particular area.2. Thousands of people came out onto the streets to attest their support for the democratic opposition party.3. The expensive purse is made of genuine leather.4. Can you turn this article into English?5. She took a glance at her watch.6. I know why this happened. You don't have to find any excuse.7. He was evicted from the pub for drunken and violent behavior.8. This emperor is said to have paid many personal visits to various counties disguise as an ordinary citizen.9. Every year she makes a large donation to a worthy cause.10. Children often have very vivid imagination.TranslationPut the following paragraphs into Chinese.1. Most parental-excuse notes I received back in those days were penned by my students. They'd been forging excuse notes since they learned to write, and if I were to confront each forger I'd be busy 24 hours a day.2. My heart sank as the principal entered, along with the superintendent of schools. Neither acknowledged me. They walked up and down, peering at papers. The superintendent picked one up, showed it to the principal.3. Sooner or later, I figured, everyone needed an excuse. Also, if we sang today we could sing tomorrow, and why not? You don’t need an excuse for singing.参考译文：1.我每天收到以父母名义写的请假条，很多是学生自己写的。

【9A文】考研英语一词汇练习题及答案

考研英语词汇练习题及答案（一）1.Thisrockhastobe_______inordertobuildaroad.A.blastedB.eRploredC.hiredD.maintained2.HedidnotgotothepartRlastnight,which_______herfeelingsdeeplR.A.woundedB.injuredC.hurtD.injurR3.WhentheRreturnedtotheriver,theRfoundthattheboathad_______awaR.A.framedB.frostedC.frownedD.floated4.IfRouneedfurtherinformation,please_______ouroffice.A.constantB.constructC.contactD.contain5.Duringthewar,manRsoldierswerekillednotbR_______,butbRdisease.A.bulledtsB.devilC.bibleD.depth6.WewatchedtheshipuntilitbecameonlRa_______inthedistance.A.pointB.jarC.stoveD.dot7.TheEnglishproverb‘_______therodandspoilthechild’meansthatifRoudeepfrompunishingthechild,Rouwillspoilitscharacter.A.ruleB.rugC.clapD.spare8.The_______wasonlRsentencedtopaRafineof$10,000.A.wormB.trialC.tubeD.criminal9.HighereducationinChinaisfreebutthe_______forentranceisstrong.parisonB.consequencepetitionD.crawl10.Thelightistoo_______formetoread.IcannotstandanRmore.A.ridB.ripeC.soupD.dim11.Thewater_______fromthetapanddamagedallthebooksinmRstudR.A.spraRedB.puzzledC.inclinedD.eRported12.IntheUnitedStates,CongressmakesthelawsandthePresident_______them.A.ordersB.conquersC.eRecutesD.hedges13.Sheistoo_______toanswerquestionsintheclass.A.eagleB.coughC.eagerD.couch14.WeenjoRseeingtheglorious_______oftherisingsun.A.beamsB.beansC.beefD.beer15.Inthe_______Englishreadingcourse,thestudentshavetoreadalot.A.eRtensiveB.mechanicalC.mercurRD.opera16.HegaveuphisstudRincollegein_______.A.bundleB.butcherC.ashD.despair17.Severalpeople_______thecaraccident.A.witnessedB.provedC.swallowedD.drugged18.TheRwill_______theprojectwiththenecessarRfunds.A.referB.relateC.furnaceD.furnish19.Itookitfor_______thatRouwouldn’tcomehereagain.A.grandB.tameC.grantedD.thumb20.HewassenttoLondononaspecial_______.A.missingB.missileC.missionD.mistress21.Thislightshelfisstrongenoughto_______allthebookshere.A.wipeB.waRC.surveRD.sustain22.The_______CourtisthehighestcourtintheUnitedStates.A.VitalB.ThunderC.ReverseD.Supreme23.OuruniversitRhasaninternationalstudenteRchange_______withtheUniversitRofWRominginthe UnitedStates.A.processionB.provisionC.professionD.program24.He________ofmethebestwaRtogo.A.investigatedB.inquiredC.frightenedD.resorted25.Mr.Whitetriedto_______thisjobthroughtheinfluenceofhisfather.A.harnessB.fetchC.curseD.obtain26.ThepolicedogfinallRfoundthe_______oftheprisonersofwar.A.steepB.resolutionC.porterD.trail27.AstheonlR_______inthesmallvillage,henotonlRfiRedthefurniturebutalsomadefurnitureforthevi llagers.A.sRmbolB.sourceC.panD.carpenter28.Abigcrowdgatheredaroundthebus,almost_______thetraffic.A.affectingB.blockingC.creatingD.mating29.AsfarasIsee,thisbookhasitsown_______.A.meritB.signalC.visibleD.swift30.Thistreeistoo_______tobeplantedinthisarea.A.tremendousB.vigorousC.shRD.tender31.Thisproductis_______tochangewithoutnotice.A.despiteB.evilC.subjectD.crust32.Idon’tknowhowhecan_______himselfforsuchconduct.A.justifRB.locateC.rearD.swear33.Thestolenwatchhasbeen_______toitsowner.A.retiredB.pitchedC.restoredD.cured34.Itis_______coldthiswinterinRi’an.A.considerablRB.tightC.navalD.moreover35.IthasbeenmR_______tomeetwiththisaccident.A.journalB.reductionC.affectD.fate36.Hersmile_______hersecreteventhoughshedidn’tadmitthefact.A.reviewedB.reversedC.respondedD.revealed37.He________thathecouldfinishthejobwithoutanRhelp.A.designedB.headedC.claimedD.preserved38.ProfessorLi_______hissuccesstohismother.A.ownsB.ruinsC.owesD.roars39.Theelection_______fortheStategovernorhasbegunthisRear.A.campaignB.boltC.hellD.immense40.AnRonewithout_______illnesscandothissimplejob.dB.mindC.mentalD.mend41.GlassmaR_______athightemperature.A.profitB.pronounceC.stingD.melt42.Silver_______electricitRfarbetterthanothermaterials.A.equipsB.strikesC.cracksD.conducts43.EverRoneisencouragedto_______foodorclothingforthosewhosufferedagreatdealintheflood.A.attributeB.distributeC.contributeD.drift44.Whiteteethareasharp_______toblackskin.A.contentB.contractC.contrastD.contain45.Tomis_______aboutphotographR.HespendsnearlRallhismoneRonit.A.justiceB.innocentC.fierceD.crazR46.Weneedhelpfromtheothercountries.Butwedonot_______onothersforsupport.A.engageB.leanC.stripD.multiplR47.Wewill_______theplanbecauseofthecost.A.councilB.journalC.dampD.oppose48.Ourtrainis_______atShanghaiatseveno’clockthisevening.A.dueB.crRstalC.cushionD.cooperation49.Hervoicewas_______inthenoise.A.filledB.entertainedC.enormousD.drowned50.HeisverR_______inhisfamilRandneverdoesanRthingagainsthiswife.A.henceB.possessC.outerD.humble答案：1.A2.C3.D4.C5.A6.D7.D8.D9.C10.D11.A12.C13.C14.A15.A16.D17.A18.D19.C20.C21.D22.D23.D24. B25.D26.D27.D28.B29.A30.D31.C32.A33.C34.A35.D36.D37.C38.C39.A40.C41.D42.D43.C44.C45.D 46.B47.D48.A49.D50.D。

研究生入学统一考试试题及答案(英语一)2

研究生入学统一考试试题及答案（英语一）(2)12、D drive 词义题，根据上下文，对我们产生影响，驱使我们drive为最佳选项。

13、B rather than 逻辑题，基因上相似的，功能上相似的，二者对立不能同时存在，rather than不是而是最符合。

14、C benefits 跟“功能”搭配，选个褒义词，带来好处的，最佳。

15、A faster 词义题，根据后半句解释，这就是为什么“picked pace”加速，这里只能选faster，一些比另外一些进化得更快，符合文意。

16、D understand 词义题，这个研究可以帮助我们理解一个事实。

17、B contributory 本句意为：社会环境是最主要的一个因素。

Contributory贡献，最佳。

18、A tendency 结合文章主旨，选择基因相似的人做朋友是普遍现象，tendency趋势倾向最符合。

19、C ethnic 同义替换，基因背景相似，种族的，民族的，最符合。

20、A see 本句意为：尽管所有的研究对象都取自欧洲血统，研究者也花心思确保了所有(用于比对的)朋友和陌生人也源自该血统中的同一支系。

Secti on Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted kings don’t abdicate, they die in their sleep. But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, dies the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the uniting is on the wall forall European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyles?The Spanish case previous arguments both for and against monarchy when public opinion is particularly. Polarized, as it was following the end of the France regime, monarchs can rise above “mere” politics and “embody” a spirit of national unity.It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs continuing popularity as heads of states. And so, the Middle East expected, Europe is the most monarch-infested region is the world, with 10 kingdoms not counting Vatican city and Andorra. But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respect public figure.Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside, symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history―and sometimes the way they behave today-embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomes Piketty and other ecumenists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states. The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Prince and princess have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasinglydifficult to maintain the right image.While Europe’s monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to strive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-healed) granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service―as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings of republicans, who are the monarchy’s worst enemies.21、according to the first two paragraphs, king Juan Carl of span[A] used to enjoy high public support[B] was unpopular among European royals[C] ended his reign in embarrassment[D] eased his relationship with his rivals22、monarchs are kept as head of state in Europe mostly[A] owing to their undoubted and respectable status[B] to achieve a balance between tradition and reality[C] to give voters more public figures to look up to[D] due to their everlasting political embodiment23. Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?[A] Aristocrats’ excessive reliance on inherited wealth.[B] The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families.[C] The role of the nobility in modern democracies.[D] The nobility’s adherence to their privileges.24. The British royals “have most to fear” because Charles[A] takes a tough line on political issues.[B] fails to change his lifestyle as advised.[C] takes republicans as his potential allies.[D] fails to adapt himself to his future role.25. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A] Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined[B] Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs[C] Charles, Slow to React to the Coming Threats[D] Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne答案解析：21 D ended his reign in embarrassment此题属于细节题。

【免费下载】考研英语自我检测之词汇测试一附答案

考研英语自我检测之单词测试（一）1．We don’t reveal the names of our guests to protect their privacy.为了保护客人的隐私，我们___________________。

2．The total revenue of the firm is 500 million US dollars this year._____________________________________________________3. There’s a one-million dollar reward for clues leading to the terrorist’s arrest.对能为逮捕恐怖分子提供线索的人，给予一百万美金的__________。

How can I reward your help?___________________________________________。

4.After next semester, I secretly considered her rival, and strived to find theirown weaknesses, to shorten the gap, to play their own advantage.下学期开学后，我就暗暗地把她视为_________，努力地查找自己的弱点，缩短差距，发挥自己的优势。

5.It is human nature in the West that a great many people are often willingto sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers. __________________________________________________________________6.The present situation is far from satisfactory though some process has beenmade.尽管有了一些进步，但现状还是___________________。

【Selected】考研英语历年真题题库及答案(1980-2011).doc

使用说明（必读） (1)20GG年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (3)Section I Use of English (3)Section II Reading Comprehension (4)Part A (4)Part C (13)Section ⅢWriting (14)Part A (14)Part B (14)20GG年考研英语真题答案 (16)20GG年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (18)Section I Use of English (18)Section II Reading Comprehension (20)Part A (20)Part B (28)Part C (30)Section ⅢWriting (30)Part A (30)Part B (31)20GG年考研英语真题答案 (32)20GG年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (35)Section I Use of English (35)Section II Reading Comprehension (37)Part A (37)Part B (44)Part C (45)Section ⅢWriting (46)Part A (46)Part B (47)20GG年考研英语真题答案 (48)20GG年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (50)Section I Use of English (50)Section II Reading Comprehension (52)Part A (52)Part B (59)Part C (61)Section III Writing (62)Part A (62)Part B (62)20GG年考研英语真题答案 (64)20GG年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (66)Section I Use of English (66)Section II Reading Comprehension (69)Part A (69)Part B (77)Section III Writing (80)Part A (80)Part B (80)20GG年考研英语真题答案 (82)20GG年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (84)Section I Use of English (84)Section II Reading Comprehension (87)Part A (87)Part B (95)Part C (97)Section III Writing (98)Part A (98)Part B (98)20GG年考研英语真题答案 (100)20GG年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (102)Section I Use of English (102)Section II Reading Comprehension (105)Part A (105)Part B (113)Part C (115)Section III Writing (116)Part A (116)20GG年考研英语真题答案 (118)20GG年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (121)Section I Listening Comprehension (121)Part A (121)Part B (121)Part C (122)Section II Use of English (124)Section III Reading Comprehension (128)Part A (128)Part B (135)Section IV Writing (137)20GG年考研英语真题答案 (138)20GG年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (140)Section I Listening Comprehension (140)Part A (140)Part B (141)Part C (141)Section II Use of English (143)Section III Reading Comprehension (147)Part A (147)Part B (154)Section IV Writing (155)20GG年考研英语真题答案 (157)20GG年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (159)Section I Listening Comprehension (159)Part A (159)Part B (160)Part C (161)Section II Use of English (163)Section III Reading Comprehension (167)Part A (167)Part B (174)Section IV Writing (175)20GG年考研英语真题答案 (177)20GG年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (179)Section I Structure and Vocabulary (179)Part A (179)Part B (181)Section II Cloze Test (185)Section III Reading Comprehension (189)Section IV English-Chinese Translation (197)Section V Writing (199)20GG年考研英语真题答案 (200)20GG年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (202)Section I Structure and Vocabulary (202)Part A (202)Part B (204)Part C (206)Section II Cloze Test (210)Section III Reading Comprehension (212)Section IV English-Chinese Translation (220)Section V Writing (221)20GG年考研英语真题答案 (223)1999年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (225)Section I Structure and Vocabulary (225)Part A (225)Part B (227)Part C (228)Section II Cloze Test (232)Section III Reading Comprehension (234)Section IV English-Chinese Translation (243)Section V Writing (244)1999年考研英语真题答案 (245)1998年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (247)Section I Structure and Vocabulary (247)Part A (247)Part B (249)Part C (251)Section III Reading Comprehension (257)Section IV English-Chinese Translation (265)Section V Writing (266)1998年考研英语真题答案 (268)1997年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (270)Section I Structure and Vocabulary (270)Part A (270)Part B (272)Part C (273)Section II Cloze Test (278)Section III Reading Comprehension (280)Section IV English-Chinese Translation (288)Section V Writing (289)1997年考研英语真题答案 (290)1996年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (292)Section I Structure and Vocabulary (292)Part A (292)Part B (294)Part C (295)Section II Cloze Test (299)Section III Reading Comprehension (301)Section IV English-Chinese Translation (309)1996年考研英语真题答案 (311)1995年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (313)Section I Structure and Vocabulary (313)Part A (313)Part B (315)Part C (316)Section II Cloze Test (320)Section III Reading Comprehension (322)Section IV English-Chinese Translation (330)Section V Writing (331)1995年考研英语真题答案 (333)1994年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (335)Section I Structure and Vocabulary (335)Part A (335)Part B (337)Part C (338)Section II Cloze Test (342)Section III Reading Comprehension (344)Section IV English-Chinese Translation (351)Section V Writing (352)1994年考研英语真题答案 (354)1993年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (356)Section I Structure and Vocabulary (356)Section II Reading Comprehension (361)Section III Cloze Test (367)Section IV Error-detection and Correction (370)Section V English-Chinese Translation (371)Section VI Writing (372)1993年考研英语真题答案 (374)1992年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (376)Section I Structure and Vocabulary (376)Section II Reading Comprehension (381)Section III Cloze Test (387)Section IV Error-detection and Correction (389)Section V English-Chinese Translation (391)Section VI Writing (392)1992年考研英语真题答案 (393)1991年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (395)Section I Structure and Vocabulary (395)Section II Reading Comprehension (400)Section III Cloze Test (406)Section IV Error-detection and Correction (408)Section V English-Chinese Translation (410)Section VI Writing (411)1991年考研英语真题答案 (412)1990年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (414)Section I Structure and Vocabulary (414)Section II Reading Comprehension (416)Section III Cloze Test (420)Section IV Error-detection and Correction (423)Section V Verb Forms (424)Section VI Chinese-English Translation (425)Section VII English-Chinese Translation (425)1990年考研英语真题答案 (428)1989年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (430)Section I Structure and Vocabulary (430)Section II Reading Comprehension (433)Section III Cloze Test (437)Section IV Error-detection and Correction (440)Section V Verb Forms (441)Section VI Chinese-English Translation (442)Section VII English-Chinese Translation (442)1989年考研英语真题答案 (444)1988年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (446)Section I Structure and Vocabulary (446)Section II Reading Comprehension (448)Section III Cloze Test (453)Section IV Error-detection and Correction (456)Section V Verb Forms (457)Section VI Chinese-English Translation (458)Section VII English-Chinese Translation (458)1988年考研英语真题答案 (461)1987年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (463)Section I Structure and Vocabulary (463)Section II Reading Comprehension (465)Section III Structure and Vocabulary (470)Section IV Cloze Test (472)Section V Verb Forms (474)Section VI Error-detection and Correction (475)Section VII Chinese-English Translation (477)Section VIII English-Chinese Translation (477)1987年考研英语真题答案 (479)1986年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (481)Section I Structure and Vocabulary (481)Section II Cloze Test (483)Section III Reading Comprehension (486)Section IV Structure and Vocabulary (489)Section V Error-detection and Correction (491)Section VI Verb Forms (492)Section VII Chinese-English Translation (493)Section VIII English-Chinese Translation (493)1986年考研英语真题答案 (495)1985年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (497)Section I Structure and Vocabulary (497)Section II Cloze Test (499)Section III Reading Comprehension (502)Section IV Structure and Vocabulary (503)Section V Error-detection and Correction (505)Section VI Verb Forms (507)Section VII Chinese-English Translation (508)Section VIII English-Chinese Translation (508)1985年考研英语真题答案 (511)1984年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (514)Section I Structure and Vocabulary (514)Section II Cloze Test (519)Section III Reading Comprehension (521)Section IV Structure and Vocabulary (523)Section V Error-detection and Correction (525)Section VI Verb Forms (526)Section VII Chinese-English Translation (527)Section VIII English-Chinese Translation (527)1984年考研英语真题答案 (530)1983年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (533)Section I Structure and Vocabulary (533)Section II Verb Forms (535)Section III Error-detection (535)Section IV Cloze Test (537)Section V Reading Comprehension (539)Section VI Structure and Vocabulary (540)Section VII Chinese-English Translation (542)Section VIII English-Chinese Translation (543)1983年考研英语真题答案 (545)1982年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (547)Section I Structure and Vocabulary (547)Section II Verb Forms (549)Section III Error-detection (550)Section IV Cloze Test (551)Section V Reading Comprehension (554)Section VI Chinese-English Translation (556)Section VII English-Chinese Translation (556)1982年考研英语真题答案 (558)1981年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (560)Section I Structure and Vocabulary (560)Section II Error-detection (563)Section III Sentence MaAing (564)Section IV Verb Forms (564)Section V Cloze Test (565)Section VI Chinese-English Translation (566)Section VII English-Chinese Translation (566)1981年考研英语真题答案 (569)1980年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (572)Section I Use of Prepositions (572)Section II Verb Tenses (572)Section III Verb Forms (573)Section IV Structure and Vocabulary (574)Section V Error-detection (576)Section VI Chinese-English Translation (577)Section VII English-Chinese Translation (577)1980年考研英语真题答案 (580)使用说明（必读）—爱你需要理由么？1. 本文件包括自我国研究生入学实行统考以来（1980—20GG年）所有31套全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及答案。

【Selected】2018考研英语一真题和答案完整版.doc

2018考研英语一真题和答案完整版SectionIUseofEnglishDirections：ReadthefollowingteGt。

Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblanAandmarAA，B，CorDontheANSWERSHEET。

（10points）TrustisatricAybusiness。

Ontheonehand，it‘sanecessarycondition1manyworthwhilethings：childcare，friendships，etc。

Ontheotherhand，puttingyour2，inthewrongplaceoftencarriesahigh3。

4，whydowetrustatall？Well，becauseitfeelsgood。

5peopleplacetheirtrustinanindividualoraninstitution，theirbrainsreleaseoGytocin，ahormonethat6pleasurablefeelingsandtriggerstheherdinginstructthatpr omptshumansto7withoneanother。

ScientistshavefoundthateGposure8thishormoneputsusinatrusting9：InaSwissstudy，researcherssprayedoGytocinintothenosesofhalfthesubjects；thosesubjectswerereadytolendsignificantlyhigheramountsofmoneytostr angersthanweretheir10whoinhaledsomethingelse。

11forus，wealsohaveasiGthsensefordishonestythatmay12us。

考研资料英语一词汇练习题及答案.doc

考研英语词汇练习题及答案（一）1. This rock has to be _______ in order to build a road.A. blastedB.exploredC.hiredD.maintained2. He did not go to the party last night, which _______ her feelings deeply.A. woundedB.injuredC.hurtD.injury3.When they returned to the river, they found that the boat had _______ away.A.framedB.frostedC.frownedD.floated4.If you need further information, please _______ our office.A.constantB.constructC.contactD.contain5.During the war, many soldiers were killed not by _______, but by disease.A.bulledtsB.devilC.bibleD.depth6.We watched the ship until it became only a _______ in the distance.A. pointB.jarC.stoveD.dot7.The English proverb ‘_______ the rod and spoil the child’means that if you deep from punishing the child, you will spoil its character.A. ruleB.rugC.clapD.spare8.The _______ was only sentenced to pay a fine of $10,000.A. wormB.trialC.tubeD.criminal9.Higher education in China is free but the _______ for entrance is strong.A. comparisonB.consequencepetitionD.crawl10.The light is too _______ for me to read. I can not stand any more.A. ridB.ripeC.soupD.dim11.The water _______ from the tap and damaged all the books in my study.A. sprayedB.puzzledC.inclinedD.exported12.In the United States, Congress makes the laws and the President _______ them.A. ordersB.conquersC.executesD.hedges13.She is too _______ to answer questions in the class.A. eagleB.coughC.eagerD.couch14.We enjoy seeing the glorious _______ of the rising sun.A. beamsB.beansC.beefD.beer15.In the _______ English reading course, the students have to read a lot.A. extensiveB.mechanicalC.mercuryD.opera16.He gave up his study in college in _______.A. bundleB.butcherC.ashD.despair17.Several people _______ the car accident.A. witnessedB.provedC.swallowedD.drugged18.They will _______ the project with the necessary funds.A. referB.relateC.furnaceD.furnish19.I took it for _______ that you wouldn’t come here again.A. grandB.tameC.grantedD.thumb20.He was sent to London on a special _______.A. missingB.missileC.missionD.mistress21.This light shelf is strong enough to _______ all the books here.A. wipeB.waxC.surveyD.sustain22.The _______ Court is the highest court in the United States.A. VitalB.ThunderC.ReverseD.Supreme23.Our university has an international student exchange _______ with the University of Wyoming in the United States.A. processionB.provisionC.professionD.program24.He ________ of me the best way to go.A. investigatedB.inquiredC.frightenedD.resorted25.Mr. White tried to _______ this job through the influence of his father.A. harnessB.fetchC.curseD.obtain26.The police dog finally found the _______ of the prisoners of war.A. steepB.resolutionC.porterD.trail27.As the only _______ in the small village, he not only fixed the furniture but also made furniture for the villagers.A. symbolB.sourceC.panD.carpenter28.A big crowd gathered around the bus, almost _______ the traffic.A. affectingB.blockingC.creatingD.mating29.As far as I see, this book has its own _______.A. meritB.signalC.visibleD.swift30.This tree is too _______ to be planted in this area.A. tremendousB.vigorousC.shyD.tender31.This product is _______ to change without notice.A. despiteB.evilC.subjectD.crust32.I don’t know how he can _______ himself for such conduct.A. justifyB.locateC.rearD.swear33.The stolen watch has been _______ to its owner.A. retiredB.pitchedC.restoredD.cured34.It is _______ cold this winter in Xi’an.A. considerablyB.tightC.navalD.moreover35.It has been my _______ to meet with this accident.A. journalB.reductionC.affectD.fate36.Her smile _______ her secret even though she didn’t admit the fact.A. reviewedB.reversedC.respondedD.revealed37.He ________ that he could finish the job without any help.A. designedB.headedC.claimedD.preserved38.Professor Li _______ his success to his mother.A. ownsB.ruinsC.owesD.roars39.The election _______ for the State governor has begun this year.A. campaignB.boltC.hellD.immense40.Anyone without _______ illness can do this simple job.A. mildB.mindC.mentalD.mend41.Glass may _______ at high temperature.A. profitB.pronounceC.stingD.melt42.Silver _______ electricity far better than other materials.A. equipsB.strikesC.cracksD.conducts43.Everyone is encouraged to _______ food or clothing for those who suffered a great deal in the flood.A. attributeB.distributeC.contributeD.drift44.White teeth are a sharp _______ to black skin.A. contentB.contractC.contrastD.contain45.Tom is _______ about photography. He spends nearly all his money on it.A. justiceB.innocentC.fierceD.crazy46.We need help from the other countries. But we do not _______ on others for support.A. engageB.leanC.stripD.multiply47.We will _______ the plan because of the cost.A. councilB.journalC.dampD.oppose48.Our train is _______ at Shanghai at seven o’clock this evening.A. dueB.crystalC.cushionD.cooperation49.Her voice was _______ in the noise.A. filledB.entertainedC.enormousD.drowned50.He is very _______ in his family and never does anything against his wife.A. henceB.possessC.outerD.humble答案：1.A2.C3.D4.C5.A6.D7.D8.D9.C 10.D 11.A 12.C 13.C 14.A 15.A 16.D 17.A 18.D 19.C 20.C 21.D 22.D 23.D 24.B 25.D 26.D 27.D 28.B 29.A 30.D 31.C 32.A 33.C 34.A 35.D 36.D 37.C 38.C 39.A 40.C 41.D 42.D 43.C 44.C 45.D 46.B 47.D 48.A 49.D 50.D精品文档。

专业学位硕士研究生英语教程Unit-1词汇及课后答案(word文档良心出品)

Unit 1Excuse NotesWord Bankanthology: n.a collection of artistic works which have a similar form or subject, often those considered to be the best 诗选/文选attest :v.to show sth.or to say or prove that sth.is true 证明choke: v.to stop breathing 窒息, 哽住devilment : n.behavior that causes trouble but is usually intended to be playful or amusing 恶作剧distribute: v.to give sth.out to several people, or to spread or supply sth.分发, 发送epiphany: n.understanding 理解forge: v.to make an illegal copy of sth.in order to deceive 伪造, 铸造gem: n.sb.or sth.that is very good, pleasing or useful 精品, 非常有用的人genuine: adj.sth.genuine is what it seems to be; real 真的lucid: adj.clearly expressed and easy to understand or (of a person) thinking or speaking clearly 易懂的, 明白的, 清醒的omit: v.to fail to include or do sth.省略, 疏忽plight: n.an unpleasant condition, especially a serious, sad or difficult one 处境, 状态seduction: n.the attractive quality of sth.诱惑superintendent: n.people who is in charge of work done in a particular department, office, etc.主管, 负责人treason: ck of loyalty to one’s country, especially by helping its enemies or attempting to defeat its government 通敌, 叛国罪vulgar: adj.rude and likely to upset or anger people 无理的，粗俗的Phrases and Expressionsbe evicted from: to be forced to leave somewhere 驱逐, 赶走be worth of: deserving respect, admiration or support 值得的glance at: to give a quick short look 一瞥turn into: to change into 进入, （使）变成Reading ComprehensionChoose the best for each of the following.1.According to the passage, the teacher ____D____.A.is angry with his students.B.does not like his students forging excuse notes.C.blames the parents.D.teaches a successful writing class.2.Mikey missed school ____D____.A.because his grandmother fell down from the stairsB.because he did not like his teacherC.because his parents wanted him to be homeD.because he did not want to go to school3.When the students forged the excuse notes, they were ____A____.A.very smart and imaginativeB.boredC.indifferentD.excited4.The principal of the school ____B____.A.blamed the teacher for what he had done in class.B.praised the teacher for what he had done in class.C.was disappointed with the teacher.D.fired the teacher.5.Which of the following statements is NOT true? ( D )A.The students enjoyed the teacher’s writing class very much.B.The students were very creative in forging excuse notes.C.The teacher enjoyed teaching writing.D.The students did not enjoy the teacher’s writing class.plete the following summary (summarize) of the text by filling in the blanks with words.The initial letter of each word has been given to you.His methods anything but conventional, Mr.McCourt created a lasting impact on his students through imaginative assignments in his (1)creative writing.He found that some of his students (2) forged excuse notes in the name of their parents.He does not angry with what the students had done; instead, he divided those notes into two (3)piles, one for the (4)genuine ones written by parents, the other for forgeries.The students were so smart that they could create a variety of (5)excuses.So the teacher decided to dig up their (6)talent in writing by asking them to write excuse notes.The students were so (7)absorbed in the writing that they almost forgot to have (8)lunch.At last the principal (9)praised the teacher for this successful teaching method.Both the teache and the students were happy about the writing class.And the teacher realized everyone (10)needed an excuse.Understanding is essential to the teacher and the students.VocabularyI.Choose the answer that best completes each sentence.1.A number of __D___ works of art have been sold as genuine.A.falseB.beautifulC.famousD.forged2.To ___B__ one’s power is to commit a crime and eventually end up in jail.A.accuseB.abuseC.deduceD.excuse3.Seeing the speeding car, the policeman __B__ the driver to pull up at the curb.A.reckonedB.beckonedC.softenedD.stiffened4.Unfortunately, he hit a traffic jam and missed the train __B___ a few minutes.A.withB.byC.beforeD.for5.She gave a clear and __A___ account of her plans for the company's future.A.lucidB.dullC.unclearD.ambiguous6.Isn't it rather __C___ to talk about how much money you earn?A.politeB.boringC.vulgarD.pleasant7.The books will be __D___ free to local schools.A.contributedB.tributeC.attributedD.distributed8.The editor required him to __A___ some details of the article.A.omitB.permitC.summitD.illuminate9.Few of us can be unmoved by the __C___ of the Romanian orphans.A.lightB.mightC.plightD.moonlight10.I have to __B___ my reputation.A.detectB.protectC.intactD.preventII.Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below.Change the form where necessary. superintendent choke attest forge gemgenuine lucid omit turn into excuseglance at evicted disguise worthy imagination1.In the US.a school is superintendent in charge of the schools in a particular area.2.Thousands of people came out onto the streets to attest their support for the democratic opposition party.3.The expensive purse is made of genuine leather.4.Can you turn this article into English?5.She took a glance at her watch.6.I know why this happened.You don't have to find any excuse.7.He was evicted from the pub for drunken and violent behavior.8.This emperor is said to have paid many personal visits to various counties disguise as an ordinary citizen.9.Every year she makes a large donation to a worthy cause.10.Children often have very vivid imagination.TranslationPut the following paragraphs into Chinese.1.Most parental-excuse notes I received back in those days were penned by my students.They'd been forging excuse notes since they learned to write, and if I were to confront each forger I'd be busy 24 hours a day.2.My heart sank as the principal entered, along with the superintendent of schools.Neither acknowledged me.They walked up and down, peering at papers.The superintendent picked one up, showed it to the principal.3.Sooner or later, I figured, everyone needed an excuse.Also, if we sang today we could sing tomorrow, and why not? You don’t need an excuse for singing.参考译文: 1.我每天收到以父母名义写的请假条, 很多是学生自己写的。

2024年考研英语(一)真题及答案解析

2024年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D ontheANSWER SHEET.(10 points)There's nothing more welcoming than a door opening for you. t he need to be touched to open orclose,automatic doors are essential in 2 disabled access to buildings and helping provide general 3 to commercial buildings.Self-sliding doors began to emerge as a commercial product in 1960 after being invented six years 4 by Americans Dee Horton and Lew Hewitl.They 5 as a novelty feature,but as their use has grown,their 6 have extended within our technologically advanced world. Particularly 7 in busy locations or during times of emergency,the doors 8 Crowd management by reducing the obstacles put in people's way.9 making access both in and out of buildings easier for people,the difference in the way many of these doors open helps reduce the total area 10 by them.Automatic doors often open to the side,with the panels sliding across one another.Replacing swing doors,these 11 smaller buildings to maximise the usable space inside without having to 12 the way for a large, sticking-out door.There are many different types of automatic door,with each 13 specific signals to tell them when to open. 14 these methods differ,the main 15 remain the same.Each automatic door system 16 the light,sound weight or movement in their vicinityas a signal to open.Sensor typesare chosen to 17 the different environments they are needed in.18 a busy street might not 19 a motion-sensored door,as itwould constantly be opening for passers-by.A pressure sensitive mat would be more 20 tolimit the surveyed area.1.[A]Through [B]Despite [C]Besides [D]Without2.[A]revealing [B]demanding [C]improving[D]tracing3.[A]experience [B]convenience[C]guidance [D]reference4. [A]previously[B]temporarily [C]successively [D]eventually5.[A]held on [B]started out[C]settled down [D]went by6.[A]relations [B]volumes [C]benefits[D]sources7. [A]useful[B]simple [C]flexible [D]stable8.[A]call for [B]yield to [C]insist on [D]act as9. [A]As well as[B]In terms of [C]Thanksto [D]Rather than10.[A]connected [B]shared [C]represented [D]occupied11 .[A]allow[B]expect [C]require [D]direct12.[A]adopt [B]lead [C]clear D]change13.[A]adapting to [B]deriving from [C]relying on[D]pointing at14.[A]Once [B]Since [C]Unless [D]Although15.[A]records [B]positions [C]principles D]reasons16.[A]controls [B]analyses[C]produces [D]mixes17.[A]decorate [B]compare [C]protect [D]complement18.[A]In conclusion [B]By contrast [C]For example D]Aboveall19.[A]identify [B]suit[C]secure [DJinclude20.[ A]appropriate[B]obvious [C]impressive [D]delicateSection II Reading ComprehensionPartADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1Nearly 2000 years ago,as the Romans began topull out of Scotland,they left behind a curious treasure:10 tons of nails,nearly a million of the things.The nail hoard was discovered in 1960 in a four-metre-deep pit covered bytwo metresof gravel.Why had the Romans buried a million nails?Thelikely explanation is that the withdrawal was rushed,and they didn't want the localCaledonians getting their hands on 10 tons of weapon- grade iron.The Romans buried thenails so deep that they would not be discovered for almost two millennia.Later civilisations would value the skilled blacksmith's labour in a nail even more than the raw material.As RomaAgrawal explains in her new delightful bookNuts and Bolts,early 17th- century Virginians would sometimes bum down their homes if they were planning to relocate. This was an attempt to recover the valuable nails,which could be reused after siting the ashes The idea that one mightbum down an entire house just to reclaim the nails underlines how scarce, costly and valuablethesimple-seeming technology was.The price of nails fell by 90%between the late 1700sand mid-1900s,as economist Daniel Sichel points out in a research paper.Accordingto Sichel,although the falling price of nails was driven partly by cheaper ironand cheaperenergy,most of the credit goes to nail manufactures who simply found more efficient ways to turn steel into nails.Nails themselves have changed over the years,but Sichel studied them because they haven't changedmuch.Roman lamps and Roman chariots are very different from LED strips and sports cars,but Roman nails are still clearly nails.It would be absurd to try to track the changing price of sports carssince 1695,but to ask the same question of nails makes perfect sense.I makeno apology for being obsessedby a particular feature of these objects:their price.I am an economist,after all.Afterwriting two books about the history of inventions,one thing Ive leamt is that while it is the enchantingly sophisticated technologies that get all the hype,it's thecheap technologies that change the world.The Gutenberg printing press transformed civilisation not by changing the natureof writing but by changing its cost-and it would have achieved little without a parallel collapse in the price of surfaces to write on,thanks to an often-overlooked technology called paper.Solar panels had few niche uses until they became cheap;now they aretransforming the global energy system21.The Romans buried the nails probably for the sake of[A]saving them for future use[B]keeping them from rusting[C]letting them grow in value[D]hiding themfrom the locals22.The example of early 17th-century Virginians is used to[A]highlight the thriftiness of early American colonists[B]illustrate the high statusof blacksmihs in that period[C]contrastthe attitudes of different civilisations towardnailsD]show the preciousness of nail-making technology at that time23.What played the major role in lowering the price of nails after the late 1700s?[A]Increased productivity.[B]Wider use of new energies.[C]Fiercer market competition.[D]Reduced costof raw materials.24.It can be leamed from Paragraph 5 that nails[A]have undergone many technological improvements[B]haveremained basically thesamesince Roman times[C]are less studied than other everydayproducts[D]areone of the world's most significant inventions25.Whichof the following best summarises the last two paragraphs?[A]Cheaptechnologies bring about revolutionary change.[B]Technological innovation is integral to economic success.[C]Technology definespeople's understanding of the world.[D]Sophisticated technologies develop from small inventions.Text 2Parenting tips obtained from hunter-gatherers in Africa may be the key to bringing up more contented children,researchers have suggested.Theidea is based on studiesof communities such as the Kung of Botswana,where each child is cared for by many adults.Kung children as young as four will help to look after younger ones and*baby-wearing",in which infants are carried in slings,isconsidered the nom.According to Dr Nikhil Chaudhary,an evolutionary anthropologist at Cambridge University, these practices,Known as alloparenting,could lead to less anxietyfor children and parents.Dr Annie Swanepoel,a child psychiatrist,believes that there are ways to incorporate them into western life.In Germany,one scheme has paired an old people's homewith a nursery.The residents help tolook after the children,an arangementakin to alloparenting.Another measure could be encouraging friendships between children indifferent school years to miror the unsupervised mixed-age playgroups in hunter-gatherer communities.In a paper published in the Journal ofChild Psychology and Psychiatry,researchers said that the westerm nuclear family was a recent invention which family broke with evolutionary history.This abrupt shift to an“intensive mothering narrative”,which suggests that mothers should manage childcare alone,was likely to have been harmful.“Such naratives can lead to matemal exhaustion and have dangerous consequences,"theywrote.By contrast,in hunter-gatherer societies adults other than the parents can provide almost half of a child's care.One previous study looked at the Efé people of the Democratic Republic of Congo.It found that infants had an average of 14 alloparents a day by the time they were 18 weeksold and were passed between caregivers eight times an hour.Chaudhary said that parentsnow had less childcare support from family and social networks than during most of humans'evolutionary history,but introducing additional caregivers could reduce stress and matermal depression,which could have a “knock-on”benefit to a child's wellbeing.An infant bom to a hunter-gatherer society could have more than ten caregivers -this contrasts starkly to nursery settings in the UK where regulations call for a ratio of one carer to four children aged two to threeWhile hunter-gatherer children leamt from observation and imitation in mixed-age playgroups,researchers said that western“instruc tive teaching”,wherepupils are asked to sit still, may contribute to conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Chaudhary said that Britain should explore thepossibility that older siblings helpin g their parents “might also enhance their own socialdevelopment.”26.Accordingto the first two paragraph,alloparenting refers to the practice of[A]sharing child careamong community members[B]assigning babies to specific adult caregivers[C]teaching parenting detailsto older children[D]carrying infants around by their parent27.The scheme in Germanyis mentioned to illustrate[A]an attempt to facilitate intergenerational communication[B]an approach to integrating alloparenting into western culture[C]the conventional parenting style in western culture[D]the differences between westem African ways of living28.According toParagraph 4,the “"intensive mothering narrative”[A]alleviateparenting pressure[B]considerate family relationships[C]results inthe child-centered family[D]departs from the course of evolution29.According to paragraph 6,what can we leam about nursery in theUK?[A]They tend to fall short of official requirements.[B]They have difficulty finding enough caregivers[C]They ought to improve their carer-to-childratio.[D]They should try to prevent parental depression.30.Which of the following would be the best title?[A]Instructive teaching a dilemma for anxious parents[B]For a happier family,leam from the hunter-gatherers[C]Mix-aged playgroup,abetter choice for lonelychildren[D]Tracing the history of parenting:from Africa to EuropeText 3Rutkowski is aPolish digital artistwhouses classical painting styles tocreatedreamy fantasy landscapes.He has made illustrations for games such as Sony's Horizon Forbidden West, Ubisoft's Anno,Dungeons &Dragons,and Magic:The Gathering.And he's become a sudden hit in the new world of text-to-image AI generation.His distinctive style is now one of the most commonly used prompts in the new open-source AI art generator Stable Diffusion,which was launched late last month.The tool,along with other popular image-generation AI models,allows anyone to create impressive images based on text prompts.For example,type in“Wizard with sword and a glowing orb of magic fire fights afierce dragon Greg Rutkowski,"and the system will produce something that looks not a million miles away from works in Rutkowski's style.But these open-source programs are built by scraping images from the Intemet,oftenwithout permission andproper attribution to artistsAs a result,they are raising tricky questions about ethics and copyright.And artists like Rutkowski have had enough.According to the website Lexica,which tracks over 10million images and prompts generated by Stable Diffusion,Rutkowski's name has been used as a prompt around 93,000 times.Some of the world's most famous artists,such as Michelangelo,Pablo Picasso,and Leonardo da Vinci, brought up around 2,000 prompts each or less.Rutkowski's name also features as a prompt thousands of times in theDiscord of another text-to-image generator,Midjourney.Rutkowski was initially surprised but thought it might be a good way to reach new audiences.Then he tried searching for hisname to see if a piece he had worked on had been published.The online search brought backwork that had his name attached to it butwasn't his.“It'sbeen just a month.What about in a year?I probably won't be able to find my work out therebecause[the intermet]willbe floodedwithAI art,“Rutkowski says.“"That's concerning.”There is a coalition growing within artist industries to figure out how to tackle or mitigate this,"says Ortiz.Thegroup is in its earlydays of mobilization,which could involve pushing for new policies or regulation.One suggestion is that AI models could be trained on images in the public domain,and AI companies could forgepartnerships with museums and artists,Ortiz says.31.What can be leamed about Rutkowski from the first two paragraphs?[A]He is enthusiastic about AI generation painting[B]He is popular with the users of an AIart generator.[C]He attracts admiration from other illustrators.[D]He specializes in classical painting digitalization.32.The problem with open-source AI art generators is that they[A]lack flexibility in responding to prompts[B]produce artworks in unpredictable styles[C]make unauthorized use of online images[D]collect user information withoutconsent33.After searching online,Rutkowski found[A]a unique way to reach audiences[B]a new method to identifyAI images[C]AI-generated work bearing his nameD]heated disputes regarding his copyright34.According to Ortiz,AI companies are advised to[A]campaign for new policies or regulations[B]offer their services to public institutions[C]strengthen their relationshipswith AI users[D]adopt a different strategy for AImodeltraining35.What is the text mainly about?[A]Artists'responses to Al art generation.[B]AI's expanded role in artistic creation.[C]Privacy issues in the application of AI.[D]Opposing views on AI development.Text 4The miracle ofthe ChesapeakeBay lies not in its depths,but in the complexity of its natural construction,the interaction of fresh andsaline water and the mix of land and water.The shallows provide homesfor hundreds of species while storing floodwaters,filtering pollutants from water, and protecting nearby communities frompotentially destructive storm surges.All this was put at great risklate last month,when the US Supreme Court issued aruling in an Idaho case that provides the EPA far less authority to regulate wetlands and waterways. Specifically,a54 majority decided that wetlands protected by the EPA under it Clean Water Act authority must have a “continuous surface connection”to bodies of water.This narrowing of the regulatoryscope was a victory for builders,mining operators andothercommercial interests often at odds with environmental rules.And it carries “significant repercussions for water quality and flood control throughout the US,"as Justice Brett Kavanaugh observed.In Maryland,the good news is that there are many state laws in place that provide wetlands protections.But that's a very shortsightedview,particularly whenit comes to the Chesapeake Bay. The reality is that water and the pollutants that so often come with it,don't respect state boundaries.The Chesapeake draws from a 64000-square-mile watershed that extends to Virginia, Pennsylvania,New York,West Virginia,the District of Columbia and Delaware.Will thosejurisdictions extend the same protectionsnowdenied under Sackett V.EPA?Perhaps some,but all? That seems unlikelyIt is tooeasy,and misleading,to see such court rulings as merely standing up for the rights of landowners when the consequences can be so dire for their neighbors.And it's reminder thatthey EPA's involvement in the Chesapeake Bay program has long been crucial as the means to transcend the influence of deep-pocketed special interests in neighboring states.Pennsylvania farmers,to use one telling example,aren't thinking about next year 's blue crab harvest in Maryland when they decide whether to spread animal waste on their fields,yet the runoff into nearby creeks can have enomous impacts downstream.And so we would also call on state lawmakers from Richmond to Albany to consider reviewing their own wetlands protections and see for themselves the enomous stakes involved. We can't offer them a trip to the Chesapeake Bay model.It's been gone since the 1980s but perhaps a visit to Blackwater National WildlifeRefuge in Dorchester Countywhere American bald eaglesfly over tidal marshes so shallow you could not paddle a boat across them but teaming with aquatic life.It'sworth the scenic drive.36.The Chesapeake Bay is described in Paragraph l as[A]a value natural environment[B]acontroversial conservation area[C]a place with commercial potential[D]a headache fornearby communities37.The U.S.Supreme Court's ruling in the Idaho case[A]reinforceswater pollution control[B]weakens the EPA's regulatory power[C]will end conflicts among local residents[D]may face opposition from mining operators38.How does the author feel about the future of the Chesapeake Bay?[A]Worried.[B]Puzzled.[C]Relieved.[D]Encouraged.39.What canbe infered about the EPA's involvement in the Chesapeake Bay Program?[A]It has restored thebalance among neighboring jurisdictions.[B]It has triggered aradicalreform in commercial fisheries.[C]Ithas set a fine example of respecting state authorities.[D]It has ensured the coordination of protection efforts.40.The author holds that the state lawmakers should[A]be cautious about the influence of landowners[B]attach due importance to wetlands protections[C]recognize the need to expand wildlife refuges[D]improve the wellbeing of endangered speciesPart BDirections:Read the following comments on a report about American museums returning artifacts to their countries of origin and a list of statementssummarizing the comments.Choose thebest statement from the list A-G for eachnumbered name (41—45).There are two extra choices which youdo not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)(41) HannahSimply,there are peoplein Nigeria who cannot travel to the Smithsonian Institution to see that part of their history and culture represented by the Benin Bronzes.These should be available to them as part of their culturalheritage and historyand as a source of national pride.There is no good reason that theseartifacts should be beyond the ordinary reach of the educational objectives or inspiration ofthe generations to which they were left.They serve no purpose in a museum in the United States or elsewhere except as curious objects.They cannot be compared to works of art produced for sale which can bepassedfrom hand to hand and place to place by purchase.(42) BuckWe know very exact reproductions of artwork can be and are regularly produced.Perhaps museuns andgovernments mightexplore some rolefor the use of nearly exact reproductions as a means of resolving issues relating to returning works of art and antiquities.The context of any exhibitis more important to me than whether the object being displayed is 2,000years old or 2 months old.In many cases the experts have a hard time agreeing on what is the real object andwhat is a forgery.Again,the story an exhibit is trying to tell is what matters.The monetary value of theobjects on display is a distant second place in importance.(43)SaraWhen visiting the Baltimore Museum of Art,I came across a magnificent15th-century Chinesesculpture.It inspired meto leamn more about the culture that it represented.Artifacts in museumshave the power to inspire,and perhaps spark that need to leam and understand the nature of their creators.Having said that,I dofeel that whatever artifactsfind their way to public museums should,in fact,be sanctioned as having been obtained on loan,legally purchased,or obtained by treaty.Stealing artifacts from other peoples'cultures is obscene;it robs not only the physical objects,but the dignity and spirit of their creators.(44) VictorAncient art that is displaced in foreigncountries shouldbe returned...(缺失)(45)JuliaTo those of you in the comments section,by all means,who are havingstrong feeling about artifactsbeing removed from cities in the US and Britain,I would ask you to consider.(缺失)[A]It is clear thatcountries of origin have never been compensatedfor stolen artifacts[B]It is a flawed line of reasoning to argue against returning artifacts to their countries of origin.[C]Museum visitor can still leam as much from artifacts copies after the originals are retumed.[D]Reproductions,even if perfectly made,cannot take the place of the authentic objects.[E]The real value of artifacts can only be recognized in their countries of origin rather than anywhere else[F]Ways to get artifacts from other countries must be decent andlawful.[G]Concern over security is no excuse for refusing to return artifacts to their countries of origin参考答案：41. E 42.C 43.F 44.G 45.BPart CDirections;Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)“Elephants never forget”—or so they say—and that piece of folklore seems to have some foundation.The African savanna elephant also known as theAfrican bush elephant,is distributed across 37 African countries.(46)They sometimes travel more than sixty miles to find food or water,and arevery good at working out where other elephants are—even when they are out of sight. Using tracking devices,researchers have shown that they ha ve “remarkable spatial acuity”,when finding their way to waterholes,they headed off in exactly the right direction,on one occasionfrom a distance of roughly thirty miles.What is more,they almost always seem to choose the nearest water hole.(47) The researchers are convinced that the elephants always know precisely where they are in relation to all the resources they need,and can therefore take shortcuts,as well as following familiar routes.Although the cues used by African elephants for long-distance navigation are not yet understood,smell maywell play a part.Elephants are very choosy eaters,but until recently little was known about how they selected theirfood.(48) One possibility was that they merely used their eyes and tried out the plants they found,but that would probably result in a lot of wasted time and energy,not least because thein eyesight is actually not very good.(49) The volatile chemicals produced by plants can be carrieda long way,andthey are very characteristic:Each plant or tree has its own particular odor signature. What is more,they can be detected even when they are not actually visible.New research suggests that smell is a crucial factor in guiding elephants—and probably other herbivores —to thebest food resources.The researchers first established what kinds of plant the elephants preferred either to eat or avoid when foraging freely.They then set up a “fo od s tation”experiment,in which they gave elephants a series of choices based only on smell.(50)The experiment showed that elephants may well use smell to identify patches of trees that are good to eat,and secondly to assess the quality ofthe trees within each patch.Free-ranging elephants presumably also use this information to locate their preferred food.参考译文：(46)它们有时跋涉六十多英里寻找食物或水，并且非常善于寻找其他大象的位置——即使它们不在视线范围内。

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考研英语词汇练习题及答案（一）1.ThisrocAhastobe_______inordertobuildaroad.A.blastedB.eRploredC.hiredD.maintained2.HedidnotgotothepartRlastnight,which_______herfeelingsdeeplR.A.woundedB.injuredC.hurtD.injurR3.WhentheRreturnedtotheriver,theRfoundthattheboathad_______awaR.A.framedB.frostedC.frownedD.floated4.IfRouneedfurtherinformation,please_______ouroffice.A.constantB.constructC.contactD.contain5.Duringthewar,manRsoldierswereAillednotbR_______,butbRdisease.A.bulledtsB.devilC.bibleD.depth6.WewatchedtheshipuntilitbecameonlRa_______inthedistance.A.pointB.jarC.stoveD.dot7.TheEnglishproverb‘_______therodandspoilthechild’meansthatifRoudeepfrompunishingthechild,Rouwillspoilitscharacter.A.ruleB.rugC.clapD.spare8.The_______wasonlRsentencedtopaRafineof$10,000.A.wormB.trialC.tubeD.criminal9.HighereducationinChinaisfreebutthe_______forentranceisstrong.parisonB.consequencepetitionD.crawl10.Thelightistoo_______formetoread.IcannotstandanRmore.A.ridB.ripeC.soupD.dim11.Thewater_______fromthetapanddamagedallthebooAsinmRstudR.A.spraRedB.puzzledC.inclinedD.eRported12.IntheUnitedStates,CongressmaAesthelawsandthePresident_______the m.A.ordersB.conquersC.eRecutesD.hedges13.Sheistoo_______toanswerquestionsintheclass.A.eagleB.coughC.eagerD.couch14.WeenjoRseeingtheglorious_______oftherisingsun.A.beamsB.beansC.beefD.beer15.Inthe_______Englishreadingcourse,thestudentshavetoreadalot.A.eRtensiveB.mechanicalC.mercurRD.opera16.HegaveuphisstudRincollegein_______.A.bundleB.butcherC.ashD.despair17.Severalpeople_______thecaraccident.A.witnessedB.provedC.swallowedD.drugged18.TheRwill_______theprojectwiththenecessarRfunds.A.referB.relateC.furnaceD.furnish19.ItooAitfor_______thatRouwouldn’tcomehereagain.A.grandB.tameC.grantedD.thumb20.HewassenttoLondononaspecial_______.A.missingB.missileC.missionD.mistress21.Thislightshelfisstrongenoughto_______allthebooAshere.A.wipeB.waRC.surveRD.sustain22.The_______CourtisthehighestcourtintheUnitedStates.A.VitalB.ThunderC.ReverseD.Supreme23.OuruniversitRhasaninternationalstudenteRchange_______withtheUnive rsitRofWRomingintheUnitedStates.A.processionB.provisionC.professionD.program24.He________ofmethebestwaRtogo.A.investigatedB.inquiredC.frightenedD.resorted25.Mr.Whitetriedto_______thisjobthroughtheinfluenceofhisfather.A.harnessB.fetchC.curseD.obtain26.ThepolicedogfinallRfoundthe_______oftheprisonersofwar.A.steepB.resolutionC.porterD.trail27.AstheonlR_______inthesmallvillage,henotonlRfiRedthefurniturebutalso madefurnitureforthevillagers.A.sRmbolB.sourceC.panD.carpenter28.Abigcrowdgatheredaroundthebus,almost_______thetraffic.A.affectingB.blocAingC.creatingD.mating29.AsfarasIsee,thisbooAhasitsown_______.A.meritB.signalC.visibleD.swift30.Thistreeistoo_______tobeplantedinthisarea.A.tremendousB.vigorousC.shRD.tender31.Thisproductis_______tochangewithoutnotice.A.despiteB.evilC.subjectD.crust32.Idon’tAnowhowhecan_______himselfforsuchconduct.A.justifRB.locateC.rearD.swear33.Thestolenwatchhasbeen_______toitsowner.A.retiredB.pitchedC.restoredD.cured34.Itis_______coldthiswinterinRi’an.A.considerablRB.tightC.navalD.moreover35.IthasbeenmR_______tomeetwiththisaccident.A.journalB.reductionC.affectD.fate36.Hersmile_______hersecreteventhoughshedidn’tadmitthefact.A.reviewedB.reversedC.respondedD.revealed37.He________thathecouldfinishthejobwithoutanRhelp.A.designedB.headedC.claimedD.preserved38.ProfessorLi_______hissuccesstohismother.A.ownsB.ruinsC.owesD.roars39.Theelection_______fortheStategovernorhasbegunthisRear.A.campaignB.boltC.hellD.immense40.AnRonewithout_______illnesscandothissimplejob.dB.mindC.mentalD.mend41.GlassmaR_______athightemperature.A.profitB.pronounceC.stingD.melt42.Silver_______electricitRfarbetterthanothermaterials.A.equipsB.striAesC.cracAsD.conducts43.EverRoneisencouragedto_______foodorclothingforthosewhosufferedagreatdealintheflood.A.attributeB.distributeC.contributeD.drift44.Whiteteethareasharp_______toblacAsAin.A.contentB.contractC.contrastD.contain45.Tomis_______aboutphotographR.HespendsnearlRallhismoneRonit.A.justiceB.innocentC.fierceD.crazR46.Weneedhelpfromtheothercountries.Butwedonot_______onothersforsu pport.A.engageB.leanC.stripD.multiplR47.Wewill_______theplanbecauseofthecost.A.councilB.journalC.dampD.oppose48.Ourtrainis_______atShanghaiatseveno’clocAthisevening.A.dueB.crRstalC.cushionD.cooperation49.Hervoicewas_______inthenoise.A.filledB.entertainedC.enormousD.drowned50.HeisverR_______inhisfamilRandneverdoesanRthingagainsthiswife.A.henceB.possessC.outerD.humble答案：1.A2.C3.D4.C5.A6.D7.D8.D9.C10.D11.A12.C13.C14.A15.A16.D17.A18.D19. C20.C21.D22.D23.D24.B25.D26.D27.D28.B29.A30.D31.C32.A33.C34.A35. D36.D37.C38.C39.A40.C41.D42.D43.C44.C45.D46.B47.D48.A49.D50.D。