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(一)Time is, for the average American, of utmost importance. To the(1) visitor, Americans seem to be more concerned with getting things(2) ontime(according to a predetermined schedule) than they are with developing deep(3) . Schedules, for the American, are meant to be planned and then followed in the smallest detail.It may seem to you that most Americans are completely(4) by the little machines theywear on their wrists, cutting their discussions off (5) to make it to their next appointment on time.Americans’language is filled with(6) , giving a clear (7) of how much it is valued. Time is something to be”on”, to be “kept”,“filled””saved”,”wasted”,”gained””planned””given””made the most of”, even”killed”.The international visitor soon learns that it is considered very rude to be late- even by 10 minutes-for an(8) in America.Time is so valued in America, because by considering time to be important one can clearly achieve more than if one”wastes”time and doesn’t keep busy. This philosophy has proven its worth. It has enabled Americans to be extremely productive and (9) is highly valued in America. Many American proverbs stress the value of guarding time, using it wisely, and setting and working toward specific goals. Americans believe in spending their time and energy today so that the (10) of their labor may be enjoyed at a later time.(二)Our lives are woven together. As much as i enjoy my own company, i no longer imagine i can (1) a single day, much less all my life,(2) on my own. Even if i am (3) in the mountains, I am eating food someone else has grown, living in a house someone else has built, wearing clothes someone else has sewn from cloth woven by others, (4) someone else(5) to my house. (6) iseverywhere. We are on this journey together. As i was growing up, i remember(7) that indepence not interdependence was everything. “Make you own way”, “Stand on your own feet”, or my mother’s favorite remark when i was face-to-face with (8) of some action:”Now that you’ve made your bed, lie on it!”Total independence is a dominant theme in our culture, I imagine that what my parents were tryingto teach me was to take (9) for my actions and my choices.But the teaching was shaped by our cultural images, and instead i grew up believing that I was supposed to be totally “independent”and consequently became very (10) to ask for help. I would do almost everything not to be a burden and not require and help from anybody.(三)Psychologists are finding that hope plays a (1) in giving people a measurable advantage and diverseas academic achievement, bearing up in tough jobsand coping with tragic illness. And,(2) the loss of hope is turing out to be a stronger sign that a person may (3) than other factors long thought to be more likely risks.“Hope has proven a powerful predictor of outcomein every study we’ve done so far,”said Dr. Charles R. Snyder, a psychologist who (4) a scale to assess how much hope a person has.For example, in research with 3,920 college students, Dr. Snyder and his (5) found that the level of hope among freshmen at the beginning of their first semester was a more(6) predictor of their college grades than were their S.A.T scores or their grade point averages in high school, the two measures most commonly used to predict college performance.“Students with high hope set themselves higher goals and know how to work to(7) them.”Dr. Snyder said. “When you compare students ofequivalent intelligence and past academic achievements, what sets them apart is hope.”In devising a way to assess hope scientifically, Dr. Snyder went beyond the simple notion that hope is (8) the sense that everything will turn out all right.”That notion is not (9) enough, and it blurs two key components of hope,”Dr.Snyder said. “Having hope means believing you have both the will and the way to (10) your goals, whatever they may be.”( 四)George Herbert Mead said that humans are talked into humanity. He meant that we gain personal identity as we communicate with others. In the earliest years of our lives, our parents tell us who we are. “You are (1) .”“You’re so strong.”We first see ourselves through the eyes of others, so their messages form important(2) . Later we interact with teachers, friends, romantic partners, and co-workers who communicate theirviews of us. Thus, how we see ourselves (3) the views of us that others communicate.The(4) connection between identity and communication is (5) evident in children who (6) human contact. Case studies of children who were isolated from others reveal that they lack a firm self-concept, and their mental and psychological development is severely hindered by lack of language.Communication with others not only affects our sense of (7) but also directly influences ourphysical and emotional well-being. Consistently, research shows that communicating with others promotes health, whereas social isolation(8) stress, disease, and early death. People who lack close friends have greater levels of anxiety and depression than people who are close to others. A group of researchers reveal scores of studies that trace the relationship between health and interaction with others. The conclusion was that social isolation is (9) as dangerous as high blood pressure, smoking and obesity. Many doctors and researchersbelieve that loneliness harms the immune system, making us more(10) to a range of miner and major illness.。