离网型风光储互补发电系统优化设计方法研究

第27卷第6期2010年12月

现 代 电 力

M odern Electric Pow er

V o l 27 N o 6

Dec 2010文章编号:1007 2322(2010)06 0051 07

文献标识码:A

离网型风光储互补发电系统优化设计方法研究

李 品,刘永前,郭伟钊

(华北电力大学能源动力与机械工程学院,北京102206)

Study on Optimal Design Method for Stand alone Wind/Solar/Battery

Hybrid Power System

Li Pin,Liu Yongqian,Guo Weizhao

(Schoo l o f Ener gy ,Po wer and M echanical Eng ineering ,N or th China Electr ic Po wer U niversity,Beijing 102206,China)

摘 要:以解决风光储互补发电系统的合理配置问题,实现系统能独立为风光资源丰富的边远地区和海岛提供清洁、可靠及廉价的电力能源为目的,提出了一种基于全年负载缺电率(LPSP)和全寿命周期成本(LCC)为优化目标的风光储互补发电系统优化设计方法。为精确计算系统的运行状态,建立了基于小时时间尺度的风力机组发电量计算模型、光伏电板发电量计算模型和蓄电池组的表征组件特性的数学模型;为发挥风光互补系统发电量互补的优势,建立了风光储互补发电系统中光伏方阵倾角优化模型;以LPSP 和LCC 作为系统的优化指标,建立了LPSP 和LCC 计算模型;运用迭代算法计算各种可能出现配置下的LPSP 和LCC;通过LP SP 可靠性筛选和LCC 经济性优化,最终得到LCC 最小并能满足LPSP 要求的系统配置。该优化方法按照小时的尺度进行优化计算,优化结果精度高;LCC 经济性评价指标全面和客观;倾角优化发挥出系统发电量互补的优势。基金项目:国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)(2007A A 05Z428)

关键词:风光储互补发电;优化设计;迭代算法;全年负载缺电率;全寿命周期成本

Abstract:In order to solve the assignment problem of the wind/PV/battery hybrid pow er system,and to achieve the aim of independently providing clean,reliable and economic pow er f or the area w hich is abundant in wind and solar re sources,the paper presents an optimal design method of hy brid system based on the w hole year s Loss of Pow er Supply Probability (LPSP)and the w hole Lif e Cycle Cost (LCC ).For the purpose of precise calculation of the system opera t ion condition,a m athematic model of calculating method has been built for electric energy production of w ind tur bine,PV arrays and storage battery s behavior regime on the time interval of hour.By taking advantage of hybrid sys t em,the optimal model to calculate the angle of PV arrays is also built.In addition,the model to calculate LPSP and LCC,w hich are taken as optimal index,is set up,and LPSP and LCC in all kinds of possible conf igurations are calculated based on iterative algorithm.The system configuration,which has minimum LCC and its reliability m eet the require m ent of LPSP,is obtained through reliability filtering of LPSP and economic optimization of LCC.This optimized design is calculated base on one-hour timescale,and result show s its high precision.LCC is taken as the economic index is feasible,and optimum angle of the PV arrays can play the key role of the system hybrid predomination.

Key w ords:wind/solar/battery hybrid power systems;opti mal design;iterative algorithm;LPSP;LCC

0 引 言

环境污染、化石燃料枯竭,人们已将目光投向了可再生能源;随着技术的进步、成本的降低,风

能和太阳能已进入了可再生能源快速发展的历史时期;据有关部门统计[1],2009年中国的太阳能电池产量达到4382M W,估计超过全球的40%;组件成本下降到S |3 5/Wp,预计2020年光伏组件的价格将下降到S |1/Wp 以下;根据WWEA (世界风能协会)统计,2009年世界风电装机容量的装机量为157900MW,比2008年增加了30%。

风力发电和光伏发电由于受天气因素的影响,单独使用光伏发电或风力发电都存在供电不稳定的缺陷,造成供电可靠性较差;为了提高系统的可靠性,通常需要配置大量的蓄电池来调整电量的动态平衡,而目前电能储存费用的昂贵,造成系统成本的昂贵,上述原因限制了单独供电形式的推广使用。而太阳能和风能在昼夜、季节上互补性的特点,采