新概念英语第二册第二课学习笔记

Lesson 2 Breakfast or lunch?【New words and expressions】生词和短语（5）until prep. 直到 outside adv. 外面aunt n. 姑，姨，婶，舅母 repeat v. 重复ring v. （铃、电话等）响（rang, rung）★until prep.直到until用于表示动作、状态等的持续，可译为“一直到……为止”或“在……以前”。

在肯定句中，它与表示持续性状态的动词连用，表示持续到某一时刻： I’ll wait here until 5. 我会在这里等到5 点钟。

His father was alive until he came back. 直到他回来为止,他爸爸都是活着的.在否定句中，它通常与描述短暂动作的动词连用，表示“到……为止”、“直到……才”： She cannot arrive until 6. 她到6点才能来。

His father didn't die until he came back. 直到他回来,他爸爸才死. until（后的从句）的时间终止之前,这个动作做了还是没做？做了前面的主句用肯定；没做前面的主句用否定。

For he ( A(C) )(wait) until it stopped raining.A. waitedB. didn't waitA. leaveB. leftC. didn't leaveI stay in bed until twelve o'clock. I didn't get up until 12 o'clock. ★outside adv. 外面（作状语）He is waiting for me outside. It is cold outside.★ring(rang. rung) v.(铃、电话等)响① vt. 鸣，(铃、电话等)响(这种响是刺耳的, 往往是提醒人做某事) Every morning the clock rings at 6. The telephone(door bell) is ringing. 而风铃等响要用jingle['dʒɪŋg!]，jingle (bell) (铃儿) 响叮当② vt. 打电话给（美语中用call）ring sb. 给某人打电话 Tomorrow I'll ring you.③ n. （打）电话give sb. a ring Remember to give me a ring. /Remember to ring me.④ n. 戒指★aunt n. 姑,姨,婶,舅妈(所有长一辈的女性都用这个称呼)男性则是uncle: 叔叔他们的孩子：cousin 堂兄妹(不分男女)cousin的孩子：nephew 外甥；niece 外甥女★repeat v. 重复① vt. 重复Will you repeat the last word? They are repeating that wonderful paly.② vi. 重做，重说Please repeat after me. Don’t repeat.【Text】It was Sunday. I never get up early on Sundays. I sometimes stay in bed until lunch time. Last Sunday I got up very late. I looked out of the window. It was dark outside. ‘What a day!' I thought. ‘It's raining again.' Just then, the telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy. ‘I've justarrived by train,' she said. ‘I'm coming to see you.'‘But I'm still having breakfast,' I said.‘What are you doing?' she asked.‘I'm having breakfast,' I repeated.‘Dear me,' she said. 'Do you always get up so late? It's one o'clock!' 参考译文：那是个星期天, 而在星期天我是从来不早起的, 有时我要一直躺到吃午饭的时候. 上个星期天, 我起得很晚. 我望望窗外, 外面一片昏暗. “鬼天气!”我想, “又下雨了. “正在这时, 电话铃响了. 是我姑母露西打来的. “我刚下火车, “她说, “我这就来看你.”“但我还在吃早饭,”我说.“你在干什么?”她问道.“我正在吃早饭,”我又说了一遍.“天啊,”她说, “你总是起得这么晚吗?现在已经1 点钟了!”【课文讲解】1、It was Sunday.it 指时间、天气、温度或距离，it被称为“虚主语”（empty subject）。

作为第三人称单数的中性代词，it可以指一件东西、一件事件或用来指是什么人： It is a lovely baby.2、I never get up early on Sundays.on Sundays: 所有的星期天,每逢星期天,与一般现在时连用，表示经常性的行为。

介词on一般用于表示某一天的时间短语中：on Monday，on Monday morning，on that day当使用last，next，this，that 时，介词（以及定冠词）必须省略：I’ll see you next/this Friday.never 从来不 (可以直接用在动词前面)=助动词+not (变成否定句,前面一定要加助动词) I don't like her.=I never like her.3、I sometimes stay in bed until lunch time.在表达卧床时bed前不需加冠词： It’s time for bed now.You must stay/remain in bed for another two days. 你必须再卧床两天。

4、Just then, the telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy.just then: 就在那时如果不知道对方性别, 他/她可以用it 取代 Who are you?/Who is it ?5、I've just arrived by train.by 直接加交通工具(不能有任何修饰词, 复数)；如果加修饰词, 就要换掉by 用in或onI go out by bus. I go out in/on two buses.（指具体的两辆车介词用in/on）Long ago people could go to America only by ship/sea.如果是特指的交通工具，则要加冠词或其他限定词：My aunt left by the 9:15 train. by ship 乘船by train 乘火车by air 乘飞机by bicycle/bike 骑自行车 by boat 乘船by bus 乘公共汽车by car 乘小汽车by land 由陆路 by plane 乘飞机by sea 由海路6、I'm coming to see you. 我将要来看你.用 come 的现在进行时态be coming 表示一般将来，表示近期按计划或安排要进行的动作。

同样用法的动词有：go，come，leave，arrive，land，meet，die，start，return，join…7、Dear me!天哪!英国人说Dear me!或My dear!美国人说: My god! 注意美英的发音不同. 【Key structures】现在进行时和一般现在时：现在进行时表示说话的当时正在发生或正在发生的事件,也用来表示现阶段(一段时间)的动向。

现在进行时常与now，just，still 等副词连用：I am working as a teacher. “现阶段”He is still sleeping. （现在还在睡觉）Jane is just dressing up. 简正在打扮。

一般现在时表示习惯性动作, 真理, 是过去、现在和未来都会发生的事情。

一般现在时一般与频率副词 often，always，sometimes，never，frequently ['frikwəntlɪ]频繁地,屡次地，rarely ['rɛrlɪ]很少,难得，ever 等连用。

Helen never writes to her brother Tony. She sometimes rings him.频率副词往往放在句子中的实义动词前, 非实义动词后；如果既有实义动词又有非实义动词, 要放在两个之间；疑问句中副词往往放在主语后面。

在否定句中not 必须放在always 之前，而且也出现在generally['dʒɛnərəlɪ]通常,一般地、normally ['nɔrm!ɪ]正常地、often、regularly['rɛgjəlɚlɪ](有规律地,定期地)和usually之前；not 必须出现在sometimes和frequently之后。

表示肯定的速记可以用在句尾；在特别强调和需要对比时，frequently、generally、normally、sometimes、usually等副词可用于句首。

I get paid on Friday usually.我通常星期五领工资。

Very often the phone rings when I’m in bath[bæθ]浴缸,澡盆.非实义动词:①系动词(be)，②帮助动词构成时态的助动词(do, does, will, shall, have, had, has)③情态动词(must, can, may) 除此之外都是实义动词.I frequently go to bed hungry. （形容词作状语）He went to school hungry.饿着肚子上学.You must come here hungry.空腹来这里.【Special Difficulties】以what开头的感叹句：在英语中可用what 引导的感叹句来表示惊奇、愤怒、赞赏、喜悦等感情，在感叹中主谓语采用正常语序。