国内外汽车产业环境与市场分析

目录

提要 ··········································································································································２

1.全球大环境 ····························································································································２

2.国内环境································································································································３

2.1政治环境 ·····················································································································４

2.2经济环境 ·····················································································································４

2.3社会文化因素··············································································································５

2.4技术因素 ·····················································································································５

3.中国汽车产业市场分析·········································································································６

3.1中国汽车市场特点简述·······························································································６

3.2市场集中度分析··········································································································６

3.3市场规模分析··············································································································７

4.结束语····································································································································７

5.参考文献································································································································７

提要

1886年1月29日，德国曼海姆专利局批准卡尔•本茨为其在1885年研制成功的三轮汽车申请专利，这一天被大多数人称为现代汽车诞生日。同年德国人哥德利普•戴姆勒制成世界上第一辆四轮汽汽车业。自此经过不断的发展，汽车在各个国家都居于占有很重要的位置，尤其是在发达国家，美国更被誉为“车轮上的国家”。汽车产业不但贡献了税收，还增加了就业，并带动汽车相关行业的飞速发展。

中国一开始是从模仿前苏联的汽车开始，真正意义上的发展是改革开放后伴随中外合资汽车企业的兴起而发展的，中国汽车走上辉煌之路用的时间相对发达国家而言比较短。1984年1月15日，“北京吉普公司”开业，开了中国汽车业合资的先河。1984年10月10日，中德双方签订上海大众合营合同，在上海大众成立之前，中国的轿车生产还处于传统的手工作坊式的制造阶段。上海大众率先走出了一条由一家合资厂带动整个国产零配件产业发展的国产化之路，上海大众的成立标志着我国汽车工业进入了一个崭新的时代。中国汽车产业从起步到腾飞只经过20多年的发展，主要受到全球大环境，国内的政治环境、经济环境、社会文化环境和技术环境的综合影响。

1.全球大环境

从中国最开始合资生产汽车开始，国外汽车业发展已经远远超过中国，但是中国汽车刚刚起步，因此国外的非主流淘汰车型在中国却非常有吸引力，与改革开放初期中国以市场换技术的理念比较吻合，随着北京吉普和上海大众的辉煌，更多的合资企业进来中国，德国大众在长春增加一个合资企业，法国标致和雪铁龙和东风合作，日本本田和广汽以及东风合作等。

受持续高油价，和不断恶化的经济和金融环境给美国汽车业的销售和融资带来巨大压力的影响，美国汽车业“三巨头”——通用、福特和克莱斯勒，近来亏损连连。2007年通用公司亏损额达到387亿美元，创下该公司成立100年来最大年度亏损额，2008年一季度，通用汽车公司亏损33亿美元。欧洲车企也一样减员减产，因此可以说欧美日整个汽车行业都面临着冬天。

2010年全球汽车的大环境会因为日系汽车大规模的召回发生变局，估计未来的趋势是：欧美汽车制造商在关注质量的同时将会获得更大的市场份额；日系汽车对全球市场的竞争压力将放缓。中国的汽车厂商除了关注生产工艺的提高外，在竞争方面的压力相对会较小，尤其是生产环保汽车的比亚迪可能会迎来更好的机会。威廉杜兰特于1908年创立的通用汽车在百年华诞之际销量第一的交椅被丰田拿下，但坐上第一把交椅的丰田开始了诸多不顺的事迹：

首先，2008年12月22日，丰田汽车公司宣布08财年((08年4月～09年3月)营业利润将出现1500亿日元(约17亿美元)的亏损，这将是丰田汽车70年以来的首次年度亏损。