FSAE电动赛车整车布置及性能分析

FSAE电动赛车整车布置及性能分析

摘要: 大学生电动方程式赛车是在传统燃油大学生方程式赛车的基础上发展起来的，其绝大多数零部件都与燃油车相似，如赛车的车架、制动、传动以及悬架等，其主要差别在于动力系统和电子控制系统。

本文以FSAE大学生电动方程式赛车整车布置及性能分析为研究对象，主要进行以下研究：

1）通过研究大学生方程式汽车大赛赛事相关规则以及赛车制造标准要求，掌握电动赛车总体布置方案；

2）查阅国内外相关参考文献，从而为整车布置以及整车参数设计提供理论依据；

3）首先从车架结构以及车架所使用的材料进行选择说明，通过结构与材料之间的对比，分别选择合适结构和材料来设计车架，建立电动赛车车架的三维模型；

4）对悬架采用的类型与部件的设计参数进行讨论说明，然后对悬架特性参数进行计算说明，确定悬架的硬点位置，最后对悬架系统的零部件结构进行设计，从而确定赛车悬架系统；

5）首先确定制动系统采用的方案，选择制动器的形式与液压分路系统；然后对制动系统的主要参数与盘式制动器的相关尺寸进行相关计算；最后对整套制动系统的液压驱动机构进行设计计算，包括前后轮制动卡钳的尺寸以及前后轮制动主缸尺寸的大小。

由于电机是驱动电动赛车的唯一动力源，所以它的选择尤为重要，关系到整个汽车的动力性和操纵稳定性。实际应用时，往往会因为各种情况导致实际转矩和理论转矩出现误差，本文选用永磁无刷直流电机来当作电动赛车驱动系统的驱动电机。根据方程式汽车大赛规则，FSAE赛车的车架设计内容包括车架的结构布置、车架材料的选择、车架的内部空间布置设计并且设计要符合人机工程。FSAE赛车车架采用桁架式车架结构，选择了四种厚度不同的的30CrMo钢材，最大限度地缩小赛车的整车重量，使得车架的整体性能得到提高。结合国内外车队相关悬架优秀设计经验，本文选择了推杆不等长双横臂悬挂。主要因素有：推杆不等长双横臂悬挂，加工方便，装配精度高，符合学生的技术水平；重心较高的问题，由于采用了铝合金部件和碳纤维材料，可以有效解决；赛

车通过传动形式的对比，选择链传动作为本次设计的传动形式。本文选用浮钳盘式为这次设计的布置形式，选择前后的双回路液压制动回路作为我们的液压分路系统布置形式，考虑到制动的加速度比较大，造成的前后制动力变化范围比较大，也会方便我们在竞赛过程根据不同的项目及时调整前轮及后轮的制动力分配。要求较高的可维修性，快速调节，良好的操控稳定性，推杆不等长双横臂悬挂均满足。通过本文研究分析，有利于为电动赛车的整车布置设计提供理论基础。

关键词：电动方程式赛车；整车布置；性能分析；驱动电机

FSAE Electric Car Vehicle Layout and Performance Analysis

Abstract: The electric formula of college students is developed on the basis of the conventional fuel formula racing car, and most of its parts are similar to the fuel vehicles, such as car frame, braking, transmission and suspension, and the main difference lies in the power system and the electronic control system.

2 Check the relevant references at home and abroad to provide the theoretical basis for the layout of the vehicle and the design of the whole vehicle parameters;

3 Firstly, from the frame structure and the material used in the frame, the choice of the structure and materials, the comparison between the appropriate structure and materials to design the frame, the establishment of a three-dimensional model of electric racing car frame;

4 discuss the type of suspension and the design parameters of the part, and then calculate the suspension characteristic parameters, determine the position of the suspension, and finally design the parts structure of the suspension system, so as to determine the car suspension system;

5 first determine the braking system adopts the scheme, select the form of brake and hydraulic tap system; then the main parameters of braking system and the related dimensions of disc brakes are calculated; Finally, the hydraulic drive mechanism of the whole brake system is designed and calculated, including the size of front and rear brake caliper and the size of the main cylinder of the rear wheel brake.

Since the motor is the only power source for driving electric racing, its choice is particularly important, and it relates to the power and stability of the vehicle. Practical application, often because of a variety of circumstances leading to the actual torque and theoretical torque error, this article selects the Permanent Magnet brushless DC motor to be used as the driving motor driving system of electric racing car. According to Formula Car contest rules, the frame design of FSAE racing includes the structure arrangement of the frame, the choice of frame material, the interior design of the frame and the design to conform to the man-machine project. FSAE Racing Frame adopts truss frame structure, selects four kinds of 30CrMo steel of different thickness, minimizes the weight of the car, and improves