变化规则

英语中动词常见的几种变化规则

动词原形变单数第三人称形式（用于一般现在时)

1、一般情况加s（注：以上括号中分别为该动词的过去式和过去分词。）

water ，waters （ watered, watered）sweep ，sweeps （ swept ， swept）

make ，makes （made, made）set ， sets （set, set）

put ， puts （ put, put）work, works, （worked worked）

2、以s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的加es

watch ,watches (watched, watched)finish , finishes (finished, finished)

3、y前是辅音改y为i加es

carry , carries (carried ,carried)study, studies (studied, studied)

4、特殊情况have变has

现在分词变化规则（用于进行体）

1 .一般情况下直接加ing

think---thinking sleep---sleeping study---studying speak---speaking say---saying

2 .以不发音的字母e结尾的单词，去掉字母e，再加ing

wake---waking make---making come---coming take---taking

leave---leaving have---having dance----dancing ride----riding write---writing

3.以重读闭音节结尾，呈现“辅，元，辅”结构的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing

stop---stopping sit---sitting run---running forget---forgetting begin---beginning

4. 以ie结尾的动词，把ie改为y ，再加ing lie---lying die→dying

5.以重读闭音节结尾，呈现“辅，元，辅”结构的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing 。

例如: begin，cut, get, hit, run, sit, stop, set, swim, fit, dig, forget等。

动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则

（过去式用于一般过去时，过去分词用于完成体和被动语态）

过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。

一. 规则变化

1. 一般情况直接加ed，如ask—asked—asked, work—worked—worked

2. 以不发音的e结尾，只加d，如love—loved—loved, dance—danced—danced

3. 以辅音字母加y结尾，把y变为i，再加ed，如try—tried—tried, study—studied—studied carry—carried —carried

4. 以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读闭音节结尾的动词(以重读闭音节或r音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母)，先双写末尾这个辅音字母，再加ed，如stop—stopped, permit—permitted

注：A. 以l结尾的动词，尾音节重读时，双写l，如control—controlled；尾音节不重读时，双不双写都可以，如travel—traveled(美) /travelled(英) 。

B. 特例：picnic—picnicked—picnicked(去野餐)，traffic—trafficked—trafficked（交易，在…通行）

另外，还有很多动词的过去式和过去分词是不合乎上述规则的，需要熟记。(见后)

C. 读音与说明:

①V.-ed在清辅音音素后发音为[t]: helped, liked, finished, fetched, stopped, clapped

②V.-ed在浊辅音和元音后发音为[d]: believed, changed, planned, preferred, followed, stayed

③ .V-ed在[t]、[d] 后发音为[id]: wanted, needed, admitted, permitted

二、动词的（原型—过去式—过去分词）不规则变化

英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规则，可主要分为五种情况。

1、A—A—A型，即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。

cost（花费） cost cost cut（割） cut cut

hit（打） hit hit hurt 伤害） hurt hurt

let（让） let let put（放） put put

read （读） read read

2、A—A—B型（动词原形与过去式同形）

beat（跳动） beat beaten

3、A—B—B型，即过去式、过去分词相同。

bring—brought—brought think—thought—thought buy—bought—bought fight—fought—fought

build—built—built lend—lent— lent send—sent—sent spend—spent— spent catch—caught—caught teach—taught—taught keep—kept—kept sleep—slept—slept sweep— swept—swept tell—told—told sell—sold—sold learn—learnt—learnt smell—smelt—smelt spell—spelt—spelt feel—felt—felt mean—meant—meant say—said—said pay—paid—paid lay—laid—laid hear—heard—heard meet—met—met get—got—got sit—sat—sat find—found—found hold—held—held shine—shone—shone win—won—won hang—hung—hung lose—lost—lost make—made—made leave—left—left

stand—stood—stood have(has)—had—had

understand—understood—understood

3、A—B—A型，即过去分词和原形相同。

come—came—come become—became—become run—ran—run

4、A—B—C型，即原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。

(1)be—was\were—been do—did—done fly—flew—flown go—went—gone

lie—lay—lain show—showed—shown wear—wore—worn blow—blew—blown

draw—drew—drawn grow— grew—grown know—knew—known throw—threw—thrown（show除外）(2)drive—drove—driven write—wrote—written ride— rode—ridden rise—rose—risen

arise—arose—arisen break—broke—broken choose—chose—chosen

freeze—froze—frozen speak—spoke—spoken

wake—woke—woken

(4)forget—forgot—forgotten

(5)eat—ate—eaten fall—fell—fallen give—gave—given see—saw—seen hide—hid—hidden（hid）

(6)take—took—taken mistake—mistook—mistaken

(7)i—a—u变化。

begin—began—begun drink—drank—drunk sing— sang—sung

ring—rang—rung swim—swam—swum sink— sank—sunk

5、情态动词型，只有原形和过去式，没有过去分词。

can—could may—might will—would shall—should