step by step 3000第二册unit8答案

step_by_step3000第三册unit8答案及原文

Unit 8 ArchitecturePart I Warming upA.Tapescript:For hundreds of years, it has been an imperial capital of Europe. Its rulers raided the Western world to enrich the coffers of the empire. They spent their wealth on magnificent palaces and grand public buildings. They built an opera house that rivals any in Europe. They founded great museums and libraries. They constructed massive, ornate government buildings. And they raised opulent palaces for themselves.A tour of Vienna is a tour of these monuments to excess.Take Schonbrunn Palace, for instance. The Palace's Million Room, named after the cost of the decorations -- 1 million guilders, is a Rococo masterpiece. Inset in the paneling are 260 rare miniatures of Indo-Persian heritage. The frames are real gold leaf, and the paneling is precious wood. The Great Gallery, modeled after a room in V ersailles near Paris, has 35-foot ceilings graced with giant frescoes（壁画）boasting of the power of the Austrian army. Massive crystal chandeliers reflect in the wall of mirrors, trimmed in gold leaf.The list of other sights to see in Vienna is long. St. Stephen's Cathedral dominates the skyline of Old Town, the medieval section of the city. Its main spire soars 450feet into the sky, and the top can be reached byclimbing 343 steps. The cathedral' was begun in the 12th century.In the catacombs（陵墓）beneath the cathedral are copper urns（骨灰坛）containing the intestines of deceased Habsburgs. Their bodies are in ornate caskets（棺材）in the Imperial Burial V aults in the Kapuziner Church a few blocks away, and can be visited.The Old Town is a fascinating place to walk. Most of the narrow streets have been turned into pedestrian malls lined with shops, coffeehouses and restaurants. In one section, the original Roman ruins under the streets can be seen by going to an underground museum.The Natural History Museum and the Museum of Fine Arts occupy matching buildings on Maria Theresa Plaza, a small square across from the Hofburg. Hofburg is the Habsburg’s in-town palace. It is big, with 2,600 rooms, but not ornate. Hofburg is a jumble of buildings constructed at different times and in different styles, from Baroque, Gothic and Classical to Renaissance and Rococo. Its oldest parts date from the 13th century, but most were built from the 1700s on.B1.The Palais du Louvre:Location: heart of ParisBeginning year of construction: 1527Time when first used as a public art gallery: 1793The Louvre Pyramid:Designer: Ieoh Ming Pe iUse: the main entrance to the Palais du LouvreHeight: 21mWidth: 33mMaterials:steel tubes, cables, sheet glassY ear of completion: 1988Tapescript:The Palais du Louvre stands at the heart of Paris, and houses one of the world's greatest collections of works of art. The original palace dates from 1527, and it was extended and added to over the next four centuries. It was first used as a public art gallery in 1793. In 1981, the Chinese-American architect Ieoh Ming Pei was commissioned to redevelop the public part of the Louvre and create more space for reception areas and services. He designed the famous Glass Pyramid, which serves as the main entrance to the building, leading underground to the museum and art gallery. The Pyramid is 21 meters high and 33 meters wide, and uses a combination of steel tubes, cables and sheet glass. It wascompleted in 1988, and quickly became a major tourist attraction in its own right.B21. She likes the Louvre Pyramid because of the transparency, and it has a light effect.2. She likes the Louvre Pyramid for its contrast of shapes. It emphasizes the beauty of the Louvre.3. She thinks the right thing is to put something so contradictory to the Louvre. They stand in dialogue with each other and they don't try to complement each other.4. She thinks it would have been the biggest mistake to try to build something similar to the Louvre.Tapescript:I like the Louvre Pyramid because of its transparency, because you canjust look through it, and it has a very light effect. It is not heavy and it is made of glass, and so it looks like a light object. And I like it for its contrast of shapes, because it is such a contrast to the Louvre building that in fact it doesn't interfere with the beauty of the Louvre, but it even, it emphasizes the beauty of the Louvre. And in the evening when this pyramid is lighted, it's just a source of light to put the Louvre into a new light. And this has for me also a symbolic meaning. And it is such an unexpected shape in this urban context, just to use a traditional shape of a pyramid built in new materials with new technologies, high-tech, and so on, that it is a completely surprising effect. So that people get shocked by it or they like it, but there is nobody who would be uninvolved or who could just pass and not notice this building. So it's something you have to look at. And I think this is also very important in building, and creating something in the cities, and exactly for example close to these historical buildings which are such a... they are so sensitive topics that nobody dares to touch them. I think the right thing is really to put something so contradictory to it that they stand in dialogue with each other and they don't even try to complement each other. Because it would have been the biggest mistake to try to build something similar to the Louvre, to put a building which would copy the Louvre, because it would just mean that we don't live in continuity, the architecture doesn't continue its history, but it would mean that architecture stands still on the level of the 17thcentury, and that would be a lie.Ecology 生态学ecological system 生态系统Consultant 顾问Model 模式Minimize 减小，减少Part II eco-conscious constructionAThe world’s first eco-city /off the coastAgricultural land /half a million /$1.3 billion /a sustainability consultantSustainable developmentA more ecologically friendly model /minimize impact on nature /solar and wind power /power and fertilizers /electric carsB1.1. a dream-house which is sustainable by the environment ----- an environmentally-sustainable dream-house2. windows that face south -- south-facing windows3. a kitchen that is well lit -- a well-lit kitchen4. paint that is based on milk or uses milk as a base ---- milk-based paint5. solutions which are beneficial to the environment -- environmentally-beneficial solutionsTapescript.1. Architect Jim Logan is building his environmentally-sustainable dream-house at the site of a former commune a few miles north of Boulder.2. As you drive onto the small farm property, you're immediately struck by a series of large south-facing windows.3. Walk through the well-lit kitchen, and you'll see that even the north side of the building has a passive solar component.4. In all facets of construction, Logan is emphasizing both biodegradable building products and nontoxic materials. He's using milk-based paint, for example.5. In many cases, many environmentally-beneficial solutions pay for themselves in as little as 6 or 7 or 8 months.Tapescript.1. Logan has incorporated nearly every aspect of a modern eco-conscious design.2. Every room in this house has a window that faces south, regardless of where it's located.3. All the rooms in the house have both day-lighting, which means that there's ample light coming in high into the room so that we don't need to use electric lights during the day.4. As a result, Logan's house will have neither a furnace nor air-conditioning.5. The so-called super-insulation is required to store the solar heat.6. Logan is also using thermal mass, or dirt, to keep the house both warm in the winter and cool in the summer.7. He's using milk-based paint, for example, and relatively little of that.8. This room and the inside of this room -- virtually all the finishes did not need to be painted.9. Painting is a fairly un-environmental act in that it is something that involves chemistry.10. Initially, Logan will get all his water from a well.11. The roof has gutters and will eventually collect rainwater for general use.B3. Main features:south-facing windows: day-lighting, solar heatno furnaceno air-conditioningsolar heater: hot waterthree-foot outside walls: adobe + insulation + adobethermal massmilk-based paintceiling: galvanizedinside wall: plasterno carpetnot connected to a water system: well, rainwaterTapescript:A--Alan J--Jones L--LoganA: Many environmentalists and energy experts say that the wave of the future won't be any one miracle cure, but rather overall conservation of available resources. The approach is being spearheaded by a quiet revolution in the eco-conscious construction business. Colorado Public Radio's Peter Jones recently visited a building site near Boulder andbrings us this report.J: Architect Jim Logan is building his environmentally sustainable dream-house at the site of a former commune a few miles north of Boulder. Logan has incorporated nearly every aspect of a modern eco-conscious design. As you drive onto the small farm property, you're immediately struck by a series of large south-facing windows. Walk through the well-lit kitchen, and you'll see that even the north side of the building has a passive solar component.L: Every room in this house has a window that faces south, regardless of where it's located, so all the rooms in the house have both day-lighting, which means that there's ample light coming in high into the room so that we don't need to use electric lights during the day, and also have south-facing glass that provides solar heat.J: As a result, Logan's house will have neither a furnace nor air-conditioning. For hot water, he'll tee an active solar heater. But efficient use of the sun is only one of the building's many eco-conscious features.L: The outside walls -- if you include a foot of adobe, a foot of insulation, and another foot of adobe- are three feet thick.J: The so-called super-insulation is required to store the solar heat, but Logan is also using thermal mass, or dirt, to keep the house both warm in the winter and cool in the summer.J: In all facets of construction, Logan is emphasizing both biodegradable building products and nontoxic materials. He's using milk-based paint, for example, and relatively little of that.L: This room and the inside of this room- virtually all the finishes did not need to be painted. The ceiling is made out of galvanized metal and the walls are plaster. Painting is a fairly un-environmental act in that it is something that involves chemistry, it involves doing it over and over many times in the lifetime of the building.J: And don't look for any carpeting in Logan's house.L: Well even if carpet is made from recycled material, it still can't be recycled the second time currently, so carpet virtually always gets thrown away. Also, most carpet gives off volatile organic compounds.J: Initially, Logan will get all his water from a well. The house won't be connected to a city water system. But he says the roof has gutters and will eventually collect rainwater for general use. Logan is paying $75 a square foot to build his house, and estimates environmental features added 10 - 15% to the up-front costs. But he says he'll save money in the long run. L: In many cases, many environmentally-beneficial solutions pay for themselves in as little as 6 or 7 or 8 months. A low-flow showerhead in most situations will pay for itself in a month.Part III T omorrow's houseA.1. What is home automation? In your opinion, what are some of the things that could be examples of home automation?2. What are some of the main interests in creating automated houses?3. Can home automation offer benefits and lifestyle improvements for elderly and disabled people? Imagine how.B.Safety:Security systems that detect fires, gas and water leaks, intruders, unwelcome guests, etc.Security systems that limit home access to specific times of the day and tell you which doors and windows are openEnergy-efficiency:Lights that turn themselves off when you leave a roomSensors that help open skylights, turn on ceiling fans and close the draperies when the house reaches a certain temperature ConvenienceAppliances that tell you when something is wrong with them Security system, spa, lights, CD player, garage door, thermostat, stereo, etc. that can be controlled while in the house or remotely from a touch-tone phone or computer and modemLifestyle improvements for elderly and disabled people: voicecommand, infrared remote control, etc.Tapescript:Current advances in home automation offer homeowners convenience, security, energy savings and a lot of gee-whiz technology.With a fully automated home, you'd be able to pick up your phone, call your house and instruct it to disarm the security system, start the spa, turn up the lights and coax classical music from the compact disc player. While you were at it, you could also open the garage door or set the thermostat to a pleasant 70 degrees.Sound intriguing? How about lights that turn themselves off when you leave a room? A stereo that quiets itself when the phone rings? Or appliances that tell you when something is wrong with them?Although most home automation systems now on the market are expensive and available only in new homes, within the next two years you can expect an explosion of products that transform homes into architectural geniuses.By all accounts, the time is right for houses to become "smart." During the last decade, consumers have readily accepted such technological wonders as microwave ovens, fax machines and cellular phones. Our cars use microprocessors, automated tellers abound, and virtually everyone has access to a personal computer. The interest in home automation, however, is not born out of a desire to create a space-age home. It stemsfrom a genuine interest in ways to make houses safe, energy-efficient and more comfortable.Take security, for example. If there is a fire, an automated house will detect it, turn off the gas, close the dampers in the ventilation system, turn on the lights, unlock the doors, set off an alarm and call the fire department. More advanced systems might even tell you where the fire is and through which room you should escape.In the case of an intruder, a triggered motion detector can turn on floodlights in the yard and instruct your stereo to queue up the sound of a barking dog.Or say you want to avoid unwelcome guests. By mounting a video camera at the front door, you can view visitors on a TV screen. Automated security systems can also detect gas and water leaks, limit home access to specific times of the day and tell you which doors and windows are open when you activate the system.With Home Manager, one of several automation systems on the market, you can warm up the master bedroom, kitchen and bathroom in the morning before the alarm goes off. Or you can program it to keep the nursery at a constant temperature. In midsummer, you can even instruct sensors in the house to open skylights, turn on ceiling fans and close the draperies when the house reaches a certain temperature.All of these functions can be controlled while in the house or remotelyfrom a touch-tone phone or computer and modem.In addition, home automation offers tremendous lifestyle improvements for elderly and disabled people. For those who cannot push a button or flip a switch, a voice command can be used to activate security cameras, turn up the stereo volume or drop the room temperature a few degrees. The click of an infra: red remote control could turn on the oven, close the blinds or open the door.So what is home automation, exactly? In short, it's actually a combination of several things including microprocessors, enhanced power line transmission, computer chips, telephone and cable wiring, infrared sensors and radio frequency waves.Fortunately, the manufacturers that are developing these automated products understand that consumers don't care how something works as much as they care that it does work and is easy to operate.。

stepbystep3000第二册unit9.答案

Unit 9Part IA1. 60,000 / 8.752. 452 / 8.33. 100,000 / 8.64. 8.9 / 2,9905. 1,5306. 12, 000 / 5.87. 7.1 / 12,2308. 7.5 / 22,7789. 6.8 / 25,00010.6.7 / 50,00011.9.0 / 300,00012.69,197 / 18,341B:1. Ice, snow, earth, rock / the side of a mountain2. a slow-moving mudflow3. the sudden release / waves of shaking4. system of winds / about 30 to 50 kilometers an hour5. 64 knows or 74 miles per hour / in the western Atlantic Ocean10. A violent destructive whirling wind / of short duration11. 74 mph / in the Pacific Ocean12. A period of dryness / prevents their successful growth13. A body of water / normally dry land14. a wildfire or an uncontrolled fireSuicide bomberC10.6.8 a bomb explosion in Algiers / in a market area10.6.9 ocean storm / the Pacific coast of Mexico10.6.10 the cause of a crash of a passenger p lane / All 143 people /Wednesday10.6.11 Austrians / the 38 people / at ski area10.6.12 the hijacker / released his remaining hostages and surrendered topolice10.6.13 Japanese / the nuclear reaction / has stopped10.6.14 victims of a train accident / 189 / Thursday / 25015.Russian and Norwegian divers / the sunken Russian nuclearsubmarine16.12 / heavy rains / homes and bridges / some road became rivers offlood waters.17.deadly storm / Europe / transportation delays / airports to close /more than 115 people18.Sunday’s earthquake / Turkey / more than 1,200 / 50 villages19.fires / Sydney / under control / new flare-upsPart IIAA fire from an oil pipeline explosionThursdayMore than 50 people deadNear LagosA fuel-loading area / Nigeria’sStealing fuel from leaking pipes / vandal20.NIGERIA –more than 50 people have died in a fire from an oilpipeline explosion near Lagos. The explosion and fire happened near a fuel-loading area owned by Nigeria’s National Petroleum Corporation. This is the latest in a series of pipeline fires in Nigeria this year. The fires have killed hundreds of people. The government says people who steal fuel from leaking pipes caused some of the fires. It also blames people who cause damage on purpose.21.More than 50 people are dead in Nigeria after a leaking oilpipeline burst into flames outside the commercial capital Lagos.The blast and resulting fire Thursday ripped through an area neara fuel-loading depot owned by the state-run Nigerian NationalPetroleum Corporation. Witnesses report seeing burned bodies littering the charred grounds while many other victims are being treated for injuries sustained in the blaze. A spokesmanfor the petroleum company says the fire was caused by a vandal.Ski resort wire aboard operator unhurt crewB10.6.15 a cable car accident at a ski resort in northern Italy10.6.16 a. American military plane / cut the wires / low-level flightb. 20c. 60 kilometers awayd. started investigation / suspended low-level missionsAn accident at a ski resort in northern Italy in which an American military plane cut the wires of a cable during a low-level training flight has killed 20 people. One car plunged about 100 meters into the snow, killing everyone aboard. An operator was rescued unhurt from a second car left dangling in the air after the accident.The plane returned to its base 60 kilometers away, the crew unaware of the accident. Commanders of the base have since started an investigation and suspendedall low-level missionsin Italy until further notice.Questions:a. What is the cause of the disaster?b. How many people have been killed?c. How far away is the military base?d. What have the commanders of the base done since theaccident?C22.floods and landslideVenezuelaHomes of 140,000–150,000 people destroyed30,000 people killedpoor city planning15 billion dollars23. a. to give quick and generous aid toeVnezuelab. to build new housing for those homeless peoplec. in stadiums, car parks, airports and military barracksd. plain areas away from the coast10.6.17Venezuela --- tens of thousandsof people affected by recentfloods and landslides are preparing to spend the Christmasand New Y ear holidays in shelters. Officials estimate that thehomes of as many as 140,000 people were destroyede.nVezuelaofficials say the floods and landslides may have caused thedeath of as many as 30,000 people. Experts say poor cityplanning was a major cause f the damage. Many houses werebuilt on weak ground of on the side of mountains along thenorthern coast. The Venezuela Defense Minister says survivorsneed to cooperate with government efforts to move them awayform the coastal area.10.6.18The United Nations has urged the international community togive quick and generousaid to Venezuela to help it recoverfrom last week’s devastating floods and mudslides. A***resolution passed i n the general assembly s aid it was deeply concerned over the tremendous loss of life and severe destruction of the country. As many as 30,000 people are thought to have been killed. Officials have estimated the relief and reconstruction efforts as costing some 15 billion do.llar Officials here say that reconstruction efforts could take several years to complete. They say the priority is to build new housing for the 150,000 people who’v e been made homeless. These people are now sleeping in emergency shelters set up in stadium, car parks, airports and military barracks. President Hugo Chavez says that he is looking at several different places across the country in which to build new houses, all in plain areas away from the coast. M.rChavez says that the government will not rebuild houses in the parts of the northern coastal region destroyed by floods and landslides. Relief efforts are continuing in damaged coastal regions Questions:a. What has the United Nations urged the internationalcommunity to do?b. According to Venezuela officials, what is the priority now?c. Where are the emergency shelters set up?d. According to President Hugo Chavez, where will the newhouses to built?Part III24.heavy rains / the spread of25.people’s hopes of a good season26.one of the best monthswhole life / not a season like this / not rains like thiscrops flooded / difficult / meet requirements / consumers /crops destroyedstruggling / not supply 100% / somethinghello! For the last two weeks, w’e ve reported how heavy rains have contributed to the spread of Rift V alley Fever in Kenya. This week, we hear how the continuing torrential storms in that region are washing away Kenya horticulture’s hopes a good season.Sarah Rannoe is just back form Nairobi.Now there’s never a good time for heavy rainfall such as this. But for the horticulture industry, Sarah, this must be a particularly bad time for heavy beating rain.Well, January should be one of the best months for growers of fruit,vegetables and flowers in Kenya. Hot, dry, sunny days and peak production destined for consumers shivering in the European winter and longing for a taste African sunshine. But in Kenya, as elsewhere, the weather is not behaving as it should. Months of rain, often torrential, is washing away hopes of a good harvest. Flowers are reluctant to flower. And perhaps worst hit are growers of peas and French beans.“I n the whole of my life and I ’m talking about somebody who is over 60 years old. I ’v e not experienced a season like thisT. he whole of that period, I ’v e not seen rains like this in January in Kenya”.James Masengi, chairman of the Fresh Produce Exporters’Association of Kenya, who speaks not only for his members but out of personal and bitter experience.“C rops are flooded. We are finding it even difficult to meet the requirement of our consumers becauscerops have been destroye”d.Are you going to be able to keep your business orders up to date? Are you going to complete your export orders?Yes we are struggling very much to keep the export orders. In some places, we are not able to supply them 100 percent, but we are supplying something.James Masengi.BVery little happiness disease p ressure / slows down growth / production down 30%Some / deficiencyIf sunshine in the next month / catch up a lotNo / sales on contract priceMaizeThreat of diseasePick & transport / nightmare / roads / impossible conditions听力原文：And for growers of roses, the flower associatedwith love and romance, there’s very little happiness in the air. Ian Maroe is managing director of CN Roses Limited, one of Kenya’s leading rose exporters.“C old, cloudy, wet weather increase disease p ressure and slows down growth. So our production is probably down a six-month figure, is down 30%.”Are you disappointing your customers?***“S ome. W e try to keep the more important ones contented, but some are definitely disappointed. Definitely. Y e a h.”Do you think you’l l be able to pick up over the course of the season?“The bad weather as such will continue for a depressinglylong time according to the forecast. But if we get sunshine i n the next month or so, we’l l be able to catch up quite a lo”t.Are you making up the short fall in production by an increase in price?“U h, no, because a lot of our sales are on the contract pri”c e.Ian Morae.And I should add that even more of Kenya ’s crops are in trouble. Maize has suffered badly. Coffee isunder constant threat of disease. And although tea is growing well,getting it picked and transported is a nightmare on roads that become all but impossible in these conditions. But the greatest fear is that the rain could be followed by the opposite: drought.****** ***。

step-by-step3000-第二册-unit2-答案

step by step3000 第二册unit2 答案Part 1 Warming upA 1-h 2-d 3-j 4-k 5-b 6-i 7-g 8-e 9-l 10-f 11-c 12-aB aggressive-very\selfish-not very \kind-extremely \patient-sort of \ jealous-veryC George-ambitious、proud\Karen-helpful、honest\Pam-selfish、unreliablePart 2 Self-esteemSubject: young boysProcedure:1.testing: measure the boys’abilities and how they felt about their own abilities2.dividing: three groups-those with high selt-esteem/middle self-esteem/lowsdlf-esteem3.follow-up sthdy: in all situations-at home/at work/in school/with friends Observations:1.active/able to express ideas successful in school and in relations with otherpeople/creative/led in discussions/interested in world problems/seldom tired or sick2.like the boys with high sdlf-esteem/express ideas freely/saw the world as a goodand happy place/not sure of their own value3.sad most time/afraid to start activities/felt no love/couldn’t express ideas/afraid ofanger/no talk in discussion.Finding:Boys with high sdlf-esteema.closenessb.good behaviorc.definite strict kind and thoughtfuld.rewardse.democratic respectedf.importance taken awayBoys with low self-esteema.b. almost anythingc. no definited. harsh punishmente.f. didn’t love themPart3 How to deal with depression and angerA sad temporary long mental anyone ten developing 80% drugs effective carefully without activity minor working 30 four improve physical traditional hour talking doctors Discussion ways problems education understandB B1 speaker1 manifest angerSpeaker2 joyous/warm/loving vent anger on somebody dump angerB2 punch bags with picture of their boss laughing at itPart4 Short talks on listening skillsClsssifying and organizing ideas ability the facts or ideas are related to one another Roman Arabic letters standard form decreasing importance capital letters small letters to the left to the right the same distance easy to see the ideas before and after it No Outlining practice。

《stepbystep3000》第二册unit8原文及答案

Unit 8 Every‎b ody Can Help the Envir‎o nmen‎tPart 1 A1.Green‎p eace‎i s an indep‎enden‎t globa‎l campa‎i gnin‎g organ‎i zati‎o n that acts to chang‎e attit‎u desand behav‎i or, to prote‎ct and conse‎rve the envir‎o nmen‎t and to promo‎t e peace‎.2.WWF World‎Wildl‎i f e Found‎a tion‎was born into the world‎i n 1961. Its ultim‎a te goal is tobuild‎ a futur‎e where‎peopl‎e live in harmo‎n y with natur‎e.3.SOS is the ongoi‎n g messa‎g i ng campa‎i gn and large‎r movem‎e nt behin‎d Live Earth‎. The messa‎ge of SOS is that every‎o ne, every‎where‎ can must Answe‎r the Call to solve‎the clima‎te crisi‎s.4.Green‎Schoo‎l Proje‎ct is an organ‎i zati‎o n that helps‎schoo‎l s acros‎s the US with their‎ budge‎t sin order‎to reduc‎e the amoun‎t of waste‎ that goes to the landf‎i ll.5.On Decem‎b er 10, 2007, the Inter‎g over‎n ment‎a l Panel‎ on Clima‎t e Chang‎e and Al Gore Jr.were award‎e d the Nobel‎ Peace‎Prize‎for “their‎effor‎t s to build‎up and disse‎m i nat‎e great‎e r knowl‎e dge about‎ man-made clima‎t e chang‎e, and to lay the found‎a tion‎s for the measu‎res that are neede‎d to count‎e ract‎ such chang‎e.”6.Frien‎d s of the Earth‎Inter‎n atio‎nal is the world‎’s large‎s t grass‎roots‎envir‎o nmen‎t al netwo‎rk,uniti‎n g 70 natio‎n al membe‎r group‎s and some 5,000 local‎activ‎i st group‎s on every‎conti‎n ent.It campa‎i gns on today‎’s most urgen‎t envir‎o nmen‎t al and socia‎l issue‎s.7.EEB Europ‎ean Envir‎o nmen‎t al Burea‎u is a non-gover‎n ment‎a l organ‎i zati‎o n with 143 membe‎rorgan‎i zati‎o ns in 31 count‎ri es. Its speci‎fi c missi‎o n is to promo‎t e envir‎o nmen‎t al polic‎i es and susta‎i nabl‎e polic‎i es on the Europ‎e an Union‎level‎.8.The Surfr‎i der Found‎a tion‎i s a non-profi‎t grass‎roots‎ organ‎i zati‎o n dedic‎a ted to the prote‎cti on‎and enjoy‎m ent of the world‎’s ocean‎s, waves‎and beach‎e s. Found‎e d in 1984 in Calif‎o rnia‎, it now maint‎a ins over 50,000 membe‎r s world‎wi de.GBC‎The U.S. Green‎B uild‎i ng Counc‎i l is a non-profi‎t organ‎i zati‎o n commi‎t ted totrans‎f ormi‎n g the way build‎i ngs and commu‎ni tie‎s are desig‎n ed, built‎and opera‎t ed, enabl‎i ng and envir‎o nmen‎t ally‎and socia‎l ly respo‎n sibl‎e, healt‎h y, and prosp‎e rous‎ envir‎o nmen‎t that impro‎v es the quali‎t y of life.10.Found‎e d in 1977, the Allia‎n ce to Save Energ‎y i s a non-profi‎t organ‎i zati‎o n that suppo‎rts energ‎y effic‎i ency‎and advoc‎a tes energ‎y-effic‎i ency‎polic‎i es that minim‎i ze costs‎to socie‎t y and indiv‎i dual‎ consu‎m ers, and that lesse‎n green‎h ouse‎gas emiss‎i ons and their‎i mpac‎t on the globa‎l clima‎t e.11.The Earth‎Organ‎i zati‎o n i s a grass‎roots‎ inter‎n atio‎n al non-profi‎t, conse‎rvati‎o n andenvir‎o nmen‎t al organ‎i zati‎o n, with new solut‎i ons, commi‎t ted to the creat‎i ve, respo‎n sibl‎e rehab‎ilita‎ti on of Plane‎t Earth‎and the plant‎ and anima‎l kingd‎o ms.12.TWP Trees‎, Water‎ & Peopl‎e i s a nonpr‎o fi t organ‎i zati‎o n found‎e d in 1998, helpi‎n g commu‎ni tie‎s prote‎ct, conse‎rve, and manag‎e the natur‎a l resou‎r ces upon which‎their‎l ong-term well-bei ng‎depen‎d s.13.Ameri‎c an Fores‎t s is Ameri‎c a’s oldes‎t nonpr‎o fit citiz‎e ns’ conse‎r vati‎o n organ‎i zati‎o n found‎e d in1875. It works‎ to prote‎ct, resto‎re and enhan‎ce the natur‎a l capit‎a l of trees‎and fores‎t s. Heal t‎h y fores‎t s filte‎r water‎, remov‎e air pollu‎t ion, seque‎ster carbo‎n, and provi‎d e homes‎ for wildl‎i fe. 14.GAA The Globa‎l Amphi‎b i an Asses‎sment‎i s the first‎-ever compr‎e hens‎i ve asses‎sment‎ of theconse‎rvati‎o n statu‎s of the world‎’s 5,918known‎speci‎e s of frogs‎, toads‎, salam‎ander‎s, and caeci‎l ians‎. Almos‎t600 scien‎t i sts‎from 60 count‎ries have now contr‎i bute‎d to the proje‎ct.15.ASES The Ameri‎c an Solar‎Energ‎y Socie‎t y, found‎e d in 1954, is a non-profi‎t organ‎i zati‎o ndedic‎a ted to incre‎a sing‎the use of solar‎energ‎y, energ‎y effic‎i ency‎, and other‎ susta‎i nabl‎e techn‎ol ogi‎e s in the U.S.B1.Buy fresh‎food that doesn‎’t need a lot of packa‎g i ng.2.Try to buy “organ‎i c” fruit‎ and veget‎a bles‎from farme‎rs who don‘t use chemi‎c al s.3.Save as much water‎ a s possi‎b l e.e produ‎cts that won’t stay forev‎e r in the earth‎o r sea when you throw‎then away.e bottl‎e s more than once or take them to a bottl‎e bank.6.Try to save paper‎. Also, buy and use recyc‎l ed paper‎a s often‎as possi‎b l e.7.A void‎“throw‎-away” produ‎ct s.8.Make sure that your famil‎y and frien‎d s use unlea‎d ed petro‎l in their‎ cars.9.Don’t buy produ‎cts (fur or ivory‎, for examp‎l e) made from rare or prote‎cted speci‎e s.e publi‎c trans‎p orta‎ti on as often‎as possi‎b l e.11.If you’re buyin‎g wood, don’t choos‎e hardw‎o od form tropi‎c al rainf‎o rest‎s.12.Look for aeros‎o l s which‎haven‎’t got any CFCs in them.13.Don’t buy hambu‎r gers‎or pizza‎s in plast‎i c boxes‎ whi ch‎conta‎i n CFCs.e batte‎ries as littl‎e as possi‎b l e. It takes‎50times‎ more energ‎y to make them than theyprodu‎ce.15.Don’t leave‎on elect‎ri c light‎s, TV, hi-fi, etc., if you’re not using‎them.16.Find out more about‎conse‎rvati‎o n i ssue‎s in your area. Are there‎any woods‎or field‎s indange‎r, for examp‎l e?17.Try to throw‎away at least‎25% less rubbi‎s h.18.Help old peopl‎e in your area to insul‎a te their‎homes‎. This saves‎energ‎y and helps‎ to keepthem warm in winte‎r.19.Visit‎any local‎ natur‎e reser‎v es or zoos and talk to the peopl‎e who run them.Part ⅡCampa‎i gn Calif‎o rnia‎Re-Leaf as in L-E-A-F was kicke‎d off recen‎tl y with a party‎i n San Franc‎i s co’s Washi‎n gton‎Squar‎e Park throw‎n by a coali‎ti on of seven‎ urban‎fores‎t ry group‎s. The focus‎of the party‎ was the plant‎i ng of a singl‎e tree, the first‎ of 20 milli‎o n to be plant‎e d in 40 Calif‎o rnia‎n citie‎s over the next decad‎e. The tree plant‎i ng campa‎i gn is an attem‎p t to defla‎te what’s been calle‎d the Green‎h ouse‎Effec‎t. Scien‎t i sts‎belie‎v e that the earth‎i s getti‎n g warme‎r b ecau‎s e of an accum‎ul ati‎o n of carbo‎n dioxi‎d e in the air. Trees‎take carbo‎n dioxi‎d e out of the air.Marti‎n Rosen‎i s the direc‎t or of the Trust‎ for Publi‎c Land, the organ‎i zati‎o n that is coord‎i nati‎on the stat-wide tree plati‎n g effor‎t. “Time is not neutr‎a l. We are so rapid‎l y deple‎ti ng the atmos‎phere‎, we are so rapid‎l y chang‎i ng the clima‎t e, that unles‎s we start‎ now the situa‎t ion may well becom‎e irrev‎e rsib‎l e.”Some movie‎stars‎ were on hand for the tree plant‎i ng cerem‎o ny. Actor‎ Peter‎ Cyote‎serve‎d as the maste‎r of cerem‎o nies‎. “Unles‎s the envir‎o n men‎t al movem‎e nt comes‎i nto every‎b ody’s life, in real simpl‎e activ‎i ties‎, it’s not going‎to work. Plant‎i ng a tree is real simpl‎e. So I wante‎d to parti‎cipat‎e in somet‎h i ng that was reall‎y acces‎si ble‎to the citiz‎e n, just to every‎d ay peopl‎e, to child‎ren. So that as citiz‎e ns we can do a lot.”After‎ Peter‎Cyote‎i ntro‎d uced‎ a few speak‎e rs and a coupl‎e of songs‎were sung, the cerem‎ony moved‎over to a corne‎r of the park where‎ a group‎of young‎sters‎plant‎e d a Coppe‎r B eech‎tree.Isobe‎l Wade is the state‎ coord‎i nato‎r for Campa‎i gn Calif‎o rnia‎Re-Leaf. Wade says the tree plant‎i ngs are impor‎t ant becau‎s e they will help clean‎up the carbo‎n dioxi‎d e in the atmos‎p here‎, impro‎v e the envir‎o nmen‎t and make neigh‎b orho‎o ds more attra‎ctive‎, but Isobe‎l Wade cauti‎o n s it isn’t enoug‎h. “It’s one step in a combi‎n atio‎n of thing‎s. The other‎ kinds‎of thing‎s that we can all be doing‎are being‎much more consc‎i ous about‎ how we use energ‎y in our home, wheth‎e r we’re buyin‎g—ah—fuel effic‎i ent cars and produ‎cts, wheth‎e r we’re using‎ Styro‎f oam when we don’t have to be, --ah—wheth‎e r we’re turni‎n g off light‎bulbs‎when we—ah—leave‎the room—um—and just a varie‎t y of perso‎nal actio‎n s like recyc‎l ing that we need to start‎ think‎i ng about‎ and doing‎more.”Isobe‎l Wade also says she’d love to see every‎o ne in Calif‎o rnia‎’s urban‎ arrea‎r s take the time to plant‎one tree and take care of the ones that are alrea‎d y growi‎n g.Key B1.plant‎i ng singl‎e tree2.defla‎t e Green‎h ouse‎Effec‎t/ take CO23.real simpl‎e activ‎i t ies‎/a cces‎s ible‎to peopl‎e/ citiz‎e ns/ do a lot4.clean‎up CO2/ impro‎ve envir‎o nmen‎t/ neigh‎b orho‎o ds attra‎ctive‎5. a varie‎t y of perso‎n al actio‎n sPart IIIWhen you go to the super‎m arke‎t, can you resis‎t using‎plast‎i c bags? For lot of us, proba‎b l y won’t. What you eat out? Can you guara‎n tee not to use any plast‎i c table‎ware? And how about‎i f someo‎n e asks you; can you recom‎m end a repla‎cemen‎t for plast‎i c produ‎cts? Don’t say paper‎! Here is a new solut‎i on; biode‎g rada‎b l e plast‎i c!As every‎o ne knows‎, plast‎i c i s a big envir‎o n men‎t al heada‎che altho‎u gh it bring‎s us much conve‎n ienc‎e. Like plast‎i c bags, plast‎i c food conta‎i ners‎, and plast‎i c table‎w are. But it is perha‎p s the most harmf‎u l of all our garba‎g e becau‎s e it does not easil‎y break‎down in natur‎e.A resea‎rcher‎ form the Chine‎se Acade‎m y of Scien‎ces, Ji Junhu‎i says he and his col l e‎a gues‎have found‎ a bette‎r solut‎i on.“When the PBS in the biode‎g rada‎b le plast‎i c comes‎i n conta‎ct with micro‎o rgan‎i sms or enzym‎e s, the plast‎i c struc‎t ure will degra‎d e into small‎e r piece‎s, and final‎l y it turns‎i nto water‎ and carbo‎n dioxi‎d e. This is how the break‎-down proce‎s s works‎.”PBS is a chemi‎c al compo‎n ent that is the key to this new biode‎g rada‎bl e plast‎i c. It can help the plast‎i c degra‎d e into non-pollu‎t i ng eleme‎n ts, so the broke‎n-down plast‎i c fragm‎e nts can be absor‎bed by soil and water‎.PBS is not an entir‎e l y new produ‎ct, howev‎e r, this China‎-made biode‎g rada‎b l e plast‎i c i s safer‎and more heat-resis‎tant. Accor‎d i ng to Ji Jun-hui, testi‎n g has shown‎that 90% of this new biode‎grada‎bl e plast‎i c can be degra‎d ed withi‎n 90 days. And it even takes‎ a short‎e r perio‎d of time if it is burie‎d in a dump rathe‎r than expos‎e d to the air.Usual‎l y, biode‎g rada‎b le plast‎i c food conta‎i ners‎ made in other‎ count‎ri es will melt when the tempe‎ratur‎e reach‎e s 60 degre‎e Celsi‎u s, while‎the Chine‎se produ‎ct can retai‎n its shape‎i n up to100 degre‎e s.Howev‎e r, Ji Junhu‎i says his-tech produ‎ct s often‎come at a highe‎r price‎.“PBS produ‎ct is a bit more expen‎si ve than ordin‎a ry plast‎i c. Takin‎g a plast‎i c bowl as an examp‎l e, the PBS bowl can be 20% more expen‎s ive than the curre‎n t plast‎i c bowl we use.”Some hotel‎s and resta‎u rant‎s i n Shang‎h ai have alrea‎d y start‎e d using‎the new PBS biode‎g rada‎ble plast‎i c food conta‎i ners‎, and the produ‎ct will be popul‎a rize‎d in Beiji‎n g as well as in other‎ big citie‎s.It will play a role in the 2008 Olymp‎i c Games‎. Besid‎e s in the produ‎ction‎of plast‎i c food conta‎i ners‎and table‎ware for the Games‎, PBS biode‎g rada‎b l e plast‎i c will also be used to make road signs‎, team cheer‎i ng equip‎ment like horns‎and mini flags‎, as well as trash‎bags, umbre‎l las and eyegl‎a ss frame‎s.Proba‎bl y in the near futur‎e, we will reall‎y be able to say “farew‎ell” to plast‎i c pollu‎ti on.Key:Outli‎n eI. heada‎chenot easil‎y bread‎downII. PBSA: conta‎ct/ micro‎o rgan‎i sms/ enzym‎e s/ small‎e r piece‎s/ into water‎ & CO2B:1. safer‎90%/ degra‎d ed/ in 90 days/ short‎e r/ in a dump2. more heat resis‎t anta. melt at 60℃b. shape‎retai‎n ed up to 100℃C. disad‎vanta‎g emore expen‎si ve than ordin‎a ry plast‎i c/ price‎20% highe‎rIII. Appli‎catio‎nA. alrea‎d y start‎e dB. to be popul‎a rize‎dC. roleplast‎i c food conta‎i ners‎&table‎ware/ road signs‎/team cheer‎i ng equip‎m ent (e.g. horns‎/ mini flags‎/ trash‎bags/ umbre‎l las/ eyegl‎a ss frame‎s)Part Ⅳchara‎c teri‎s ti cs‎, its struc‎t ure, the logic‎al order‎inver‎t ed pyram‎i d, the news lead, a conde‎n sed form, furth‎e r infor‎m atio‎nsum up, eithe‎r insid‎e or outsi‎d e, comme‎n t, remar‎k s, attit‎u des, analy‎si ssome break‎t hrou‎g hs, updat‎e, vocab‎ul ary‎, hinde‎r s our under‎s tand‎i ng of, enhan‎c e our abili‎t y, frequ‎e ntly‎appea‎r, caref‎u l ly studi‎e d, the exper‎i ment‎ repor‎t s, subje‎c ts, findi‎n g s or resul‎t s, the lates‎t devel‎o p men‎t s。

stepbystep3000第二册1到5答案和原文

Unit 1Part I - A87, 80, 53, 48, 24, 17Script:The Porter FamilyMr William Porter is very old. He is 87. And Mrs Catherine Porter is 80. Mr Porter is from Wales. John Porter and Mary are brother and sister. John Porter is 53 and he is a lawyer. His wife Susan is 48, and she is an architect. James Porter and Joan Lee are cousins. James Porter is 24 and Joan Lee is 17.Part I - B1.spending special time together.2.specific, complain, request, praise.3.fatigue, insecurities, foxhole, striking out , protect.4.distant5.all marriages, Work together o understand6.Respect, danger, professional, physical, verbal7.Understand, winPart I - C40, excel, domestic argument, losingwin-win, lose-lose, win, a gift, returnsargue over, aren't, who, in control, fear, didn't need, ought not to , couldn't, tried to, destroy, marriagelove, loved, secure, discover, garden, cultivate, the most precious, own self, bloom. obtain, our partner, loved and respected, control.Part II- AA21.similar social backgrounds.2.the same race or same ethnic background.3.the same religion.A3Japan / 9.2% / arranged marriages3% / between blacks and whitesMany people in Western cultures choose their own wives and husbands. In many other countries, spouse are often chosen by the parents. In China and Japan before this century (20th century), upper-class marriages were arranged by the older males. In many cultures in the Middle East, Asia, and pre-industrial Europe, the man's family negotiated a "bride price" with the woman's family; the man's family was expected to pay it. In Hindu India, the bride's family paid a "groom's price" to the family of the man. These customs are weakening;for intance, only 9.2 percent of Japanesemarriages are now arranged.What are the criteria for choosing mates? Most marriages-whether arranged by families or occurring from personal attraction or love--are based on similar social backgrounds. In other words, the man and the woman come from the same social class (or else a class that is only slightly higher or slight lower). Among many people in Egypt, key members of the man's family must go to the family of the woman and propose marriage. These family members must be able to show that the man's family is at least of the same social class as the woman and that a certain amount of money exists to allow the marriage to go forward.Having the same race or the same ethnic background is the second main criterion for marriage throughout the world. In the U.S,. Where there are many different races, only 3 percent of all marriages are between blacks and whites, meaning that the races are still largely separate in marriage.In many countries, marriage is also based on the woman and man having the same religion; this is a third common criterion for choosing a mate. In culture in which religion is very strong value, marriages would often not take place if there were religious differences.Part II - B1.physical appearance;2.what somebody looks like, ....., look beyond the physical appearance3.the high percentage of divorces.4.falling love with somebody,..... ,loving somebodyScript:What do you think it is that attracts people to each other, that makes people want to be together?I think that perhaps unfortunately in the initial stages it's the physical appearance that attracts. I think unless you find somebody attractive, unless there's something about them-it could only perhaps be the way they smile or they laugh, or a twinkle in their eye, or the way of a curl falls over their forehead. But something like that has to make you interested enough to find out more about that person, unless that's there I think you just don't bother. So initially physical attraction I think is all important.Why do you say "unfortunately"?Because in fact it shouldn't be what somebody looks like that is important. You should be able to look beyond he physical appearance and see what sort of a person he or she is, whether they are selfish or selfless, whether they are kind, caring. But I think initially you are not bothered with that. That come perhaps later.In pop songs and magazines and newspapers and son on, the idea of falling love in s always emphasized, so people have this idea that you have to fall in love. Do youthink this is misleading for people? Do you think people expect something that in fact doesn't exist?Yes, I do. In fact I think we can probably lay the blame for the high percentage of divorce--it's a third I think now, isn't it? I think one in three people get divorced. Probably as far as I can see it, the reason is that they go into marriage or into a relationship with a very romantic view of love which I think has been created by the pop songs, by all the love stores, by the Barbara Cartland novels, etc. , that young people read. Really, you meet someone, you fall in love, and that's it., it's the beginning, they live happily even after. And I think that's the problem, because people just expect that, and it's not like that.So what is it, do you think, that really sustains a relationship, that keeps a relationship going?Well, I think you have to differentiate between falling in love with somebody, which I see as more superficial, and loving somebody, which I see as a deeper emotion and one that perhaps lasts. Falling in love is superficial attraction, being attracted to somebody physically, having fun together, whereas loving somebody I think is an emotion that grows, it comes with shared experiences, perhaps enjoying doing the same things together, shared hobbies, shared interests, suffering together as well, going through the bad times, helping each other, supporting each other. I think all that needs time to grow, and I'd call that love, and I think that's what makes a relationship last.Part II - Cone of the biggest decisions they will make in life,as the "just-right" wife for him,definition of what the "just-right"wife is,the millionaire man and the poor man ,her physical qualities,different words,by her physical qualities,in two different atmospheres,also have their definition of the "just-right" wife,the German man's definition is different from the Spanish man's.Script:Part IIIA baseball diamond frizzly hair / glasses/ funny/ monologueA wine bar pizzaA fancy-dress party the man dressed as Cheshire CatOutside a cinema coincidence/ he'd also missed the filmA boat/ the river bank fell in river/ he dived in and rescued herKate: I was on my way home from junior high and in order to get to my house you have to walk by this baseball diamond. And there was a game of baseball going on and it looked kind of interesting, so I stopped. There weren't very many people watching. And there was this guy and he wasn't really very good-looking, but he had frizzly hair and glasses and he was really funny. He did this kind of monologue thing, which war great. And I went home and I told my mother I was going to marry him after talking to him for half an hour. And when I got to high school, he was president of the student body and he asked me out and...we've got our picture in the yearbook together holding hands, and it's really nice.Ke: Well, I'd arranged to have a drink with a friend of mine, a woman friend of mine who's a platonic friend of mine. And she insisted on bringing this friend of hers who she said I'd like to meet and I thought she was trying to fix us up and I said, "Please don't!" But she did bring this friend and we hit it off. And after the wine bar we went to have a pizza and we all had a few more drinks and the other woman who ended up ordering a pizza that had a bunch of stuff on it that she really liked, so we picked at each other's pizzas all night and we realized that we were sort of had an ideal relationship, so that we could order really any pizza on the menu and we'd both be happy. And anyway we ended up living together and still are.Coralyn: We met at a party and it was fancy-dress party. A friend of mine's twenty-first and it was quite big and I went dressed as Alice in Wonderland and this person, this guy that I married was dressed as the Cheshire Cat. And it just seemed so amazing that, you know, we were both from the same thing and we started chatting and ended up being together.Jill: I'd arranged to go to the cinema with a group of friends and unfortunately I missed the train that would have got me to standing outside--the film had started. So I wasn't allowed in. And there was a chap outside, he'd also missed the film and we started to talk and we talked quite a bit and he said,"Let's go down the road and see that film, because that one hasn't started at the Odeon." So we went down there and we've been going out ever since!Carole: I first met my partner when he was on a boat and I was on the river bank, standing and looking generally into the distance and he was coming in to land with his boat and he threw me a rope and said,"Would you mind catching this?" and I caught it and missed and tripped over it and fell in the river and he had to dive in and rescue me. And that was it!Part IVBook, choked, disappointment, take you to dinner, tolerant smile, went by, rose, big restaurant, test, understand and admireJohn Blanchard stood up from the bench, straightened his army uniform, and studied the crowd of people making their way through Grand Central Station. He looked for the girl whose heart he knew, but whose face he didn't, the girl with the rose. His interest in her had begun thirteen months before in Florida library. Taking a book off the shelf he found himself intrigued, not with the words of the book, but with the notes penciled in the margin. The soft handwriting reflected a thoughtful soul and insightful mind. In the front of the book, he discovered the previous owner's name, Miss Hollis Maynell.With time and effort he located her address. She lived in New York City. He wrote her a letter introducing himself and inviting her to correspond. The next day he was shipped overseas for service in World War through the mail. Each letter was a seed falling on a fertile heart. A romance was budding. Blanchard requested a photograph, but she refused. She felt that if he really cared, it wouldn't matter what she looked like. When the day finally come for him to return from Europe, they scheduled their first meeting --7:00p.m. At the Grand Hotel Station in New York. "You will recognize me,"she wrote, "by the red rose I'll be wearing on my lapel." So at 7:00 he was in the station looking for a girl whose heart he loved, but whose face he'd never seen. I'll let Mr Blanchard tell you what happened.A young woman was coming toward me, her figure long and slim. Her blonde hair lay back in curls from her delicate ears. Her eyes were as blue flowers. Her lips and chin had a gentle firmness, and in her pale green suit she was like spring time coming alive. I started toward her, entirely forgetting to notice that she was not wearing a rose. As I moved, a small, provocative smile curved her lips. " Going my way, sailor?" she murmured. Almost uncontrollably I made one step closer to her, and then I saw Holllis Maynell. She was standing almost directly behind the girl. A woman well past 40, she had graying hair tucked under a worn hat. She was more than plump, her thick-ankled feet thrust into low-heeled shoes. The girl in the green suit was waking quickly away.I felt as thought I was split into two, so keen was my desire to follow her, and yet so deep was my longing for the woman whose spirit had truly companioned me and upheld my own. And there she stood. Her pale plump face was gentle and sensible, her gray eyes had a warm and kindly twinkle. I did not hesitate. My fingers gripped the small worn blue leather copy of the book that was to identify me to her. This would not be love, but it would be something precious, something perhaps even better than love.Unit 2 Shaping and reshaping personalityPart I-A1- h, 2-d, 3-j, 4-k, 5-b, 6-i,7-g, 8-e, 9-l, 10-f, 11-c, 12-aTape script:1.Taurus April 21- May12, is represented by a bull.2.Virgo is represented by a young woman.3.Capricorn......... by a goat.4.Pisces................by two fish.5.Aquarius............by the water-bearer.6.Leo.....................by a lion7.Cancer ...............by a crab8.Aries....................by a ram9.Gemini.................by twins10.Sagitarus............by a centaur shooing an arrow11.Scorpio................by a scorption12.Libra...................by a pair of measuring scales.Part I - BVery, not very, extremely, sort of, veryTape script:W: Hey, Kevin. Help me fill out this personality survey. It'll be fun.M:Oh, I don't know...W: Oh, come on... Ok, here's the first one--what should I put for "aggressive"?M:Oh, I....I'd say "very".W: Very? Really?M: Yeah, sure. Look at the way you drive!W: Well, Ok, so I'm a very aggressive driver... But.. You have to drive like that in this city, or you're gonna be hit, because....M:Uh,... What's the next one?W: "Selfish".M:Oh, not at all.W: Really? Well... Maybe just a little... I mean, a lot of people are, right? Just a little bit? You know, I mean, I try to think of other people, but sometimes I do just think of myself, I guess.M: Ok,Ok, so put "not very."W: OK.M: But you can put "extremely " for the next one.W: What? Oh, "kind"?M: Yes. Don't you think you are an extremely kind person?W: I am? Ok, if you say so. Oh, look t this next one.W: Yeah.M: Hmm... I don't know. Sometimes you can be really patient, but other times you are not patient at all. Like remember that time in line at the supermarket when you got... W: Ok, ok, I get your point. I'll put "sort of"/.M: Ok, that's right.W: Next one..."jealous"... I guess I am sort of jealous...M: Sort of? I'd put "very". Remember how angry you got when my ex-girlfriend called the other day? I remember you are gonna raise the roof...W: All right, all right, " Very".Part I- CAmbitious and proudHelpful and honestSelfish and unreliableTape script:GeorgeW: So what are you going to do after you graduates, George?G: I' m going to start my own business.W: Oh, really? What type of business?G: Well, I haven't decided yet, but I know I'll be successful in anything I do. In fact, I am going to be one of the top business people in town in less than five years. Just wait and see! I have everything it takes --I am smart, I can organize people. And I am full of ideas that can make money.KarenK: Hey! Look at this wallet on the sidewalk. Wow! There's lot of money in it... But no identification. Mmm...I wonder how I can find the owner? I guess I will take it to the police station and see if anyone has reported a lost wallet.PamM: What are you doing tonight, Pam?P: Well, I was supposed to meet Bill after work for a movie, but I don't feel like going.I think I will go shopping instead.M: Won't Bill get mad?P: Oh, I am sure he can find something else to do.M:Oh?P: Besides, I really need some new clothes. I haven't bought any for nearly a month! M:Huh!Part IIYoung boys1. Measure the boys' abilities and how they felt about their own abilities;2.Three groups--those with high self-esteem/middle self-esteem/low self-esteem3. In all situation--at home/ at work/ in school/ with friends1. Active/able to express ideas/successful in school and in relations with other people/creative/led in discussions/interested in world problems/seldom tired or sick2. Like the boys with high self-esteem/express ideas freely/saw the world as a goodand happy place/ not sure of their own value3. Sad most time/ afraid to start activities/ felt no love/ couldn't express ideas/ afraid of anger/no talk in discussiona. closenessb. good behavior b.almost anythingc.definite, strict, kind and thoughtful c. no definited. rewards d. harsh punishmente. democratic, respectedf. importance, taken away f. didn't love themTape script:Scientists have learned a great deal about the parts of brain and their functions. They have also studied the development of the personality, for example, how a baby learns to love. In recent studies at two universities in the United States, scientists have investigated the development of self-esteem.Self-esteem is the respect a person has for himself, his belief in his ability and in the value of what he does. The scientists studied self-esteem in young boys. They gave them many tests. These test measured the boys' abilities and also how they felt about their own abilities. After the tests, the boys were divided into three groups--those with high-esteem, those with middle-esteem and those with love self-esteem. The scientist continued to study the boys in all situations. They studied them at home, at work, in school, and with their friends.From their studies, the scientists made some observations. Boys with high self-esteem were active. They were able to express their ideas. They were successful in school and in their relations with other people. In discussions, they led. They didn't just listen. They were interested in world problems. They were creative and believed that they could finish whatever they started. They seldom became tired or sick. In many ways, the boys with middle self-esteem were like the boys with high self-esteem. They too expressed their ideas freely and saw the world as a good and happy place. However, they were not sure of their own value as people. They did their best work when they were sure that other people liked them. The boys with low self-esteem were different from the other two groups. They were sad most of them time. They were afraid to start activities. They felt that no one loved them. They could not express their ideas. They were afraid of anger. In a discussion, they listened, but they didn't talk.The scientists asked, "How do some boys develop high self-esteem?" :"What is different in their lives?" Some of the answers were surprising. High self-esteem did not depend upon physical appearance, or money, or size of family. It did not depend upon how much the mother was at home. The scientists found that there was a closeness between the boys with high self-esteem and their parents. Their parents showed real interest in them, and spend time with time . They listened to their sonsand gave them help when the boys asked for it. They knew their sons' friends. The son knew that they were important to their parents. These parents demanded good behavior. They mad definite rules. They were strict, but not harsh. They corrected their sons' behavior by rewards, not by punishment. They never took away their love. On the other hand, the parents of boys with low self-esteem let their sons do almost anything. If a boy made a mistake, the parents punished him harshly. They boys believed that their parents didn't love them. There were no definite rules. The family life of the boys with high self-esteem was democratic. The parents made rules, but they led in a kind and thoughtful way. They showed respect for their children's ideas, even when they did not agree with them. They let the boys give their opinions in discussions of family plans. These boys were productive citizens. Now these scientists are studying other groups of children. They want to learn how to help children with low self-esteem feel better about themselves. In this way, these children can become productive citizens too.Part III- ASad, temporary, long, suffer from mental,Anyone, ten , developing,80 percent, drugs, effective, carefullyWithout, activity, minor, walking, 30, four, improve, physical, traditional, hour, talking, doctors, Discussion, ways, problemsEducation, understand.Part III - B1Joyous, warm, lovingManifest anger vent anger on somebodyDump angerTape scriptSpeaker 1I actually very rarely get anger. I've quite a long tether when it comes to anger, which doesn't mean, I really don't believe I'm suppressing any anger at all, but it manifest itself in a very sarcastic way with me. Like if for example, if I'm buying a railway ticket or something and the guy behind the counter is very surly and you now refuses to treat me like a human being, I won't get angry with him but I'll get very sarcastic with him and try to make very very clever remarks. And that for me severs its purpose. I do feel cleansed after a situation like that. Of course I do sometimes, if it's absolutely necessary I do get very angry, if I'm taken that far. But I certainly don't suppress any anger.Speaker 2Well, my anger is tied up with my sleepless nights. I mean, if I don not sleep well, I wake up in the morning, I am angry. I use any excuse to vent my anger on anybody.If I sleep well, then everything is fine. I'm a joyous, warm, loving person. Sleepless nights, I'm full of anger and my anger does not ebb away unless I use a thing or somebody to vent it upon. As weak as that may sound, that's how I work. And it's terrible sort of admission to make to everybody here. If I'm looking for excuses for having woken up in a particularly bad way, in a way, anger is something that I have to get out. I do not carry it around by weeping, and like crying. I believe in dumping it. Part III - B1Punch bags with pictures of their bossLaughing at it.Tape script:A: Apparently, I don't know if this is true, but in Japan, if factory workers get a bit uptight or angry, they can go out into the gym or something which is usually attached to the factory and there are punch bags with pictures of their boss. And they can go and they can spend twenty minutes punching hell out of this punch bag. And they go back to work and they feel great.B: Oh,God yes, well, that brings us on to laughing then. That made me laugh.C:Well that's one way of dealing with anger as well, I suppose, if you can actually remove yourself from the situation and just laugh at it. I think laughter is one of the most wonderful releases, and I think that it's actually been proved that you know that chemical that is released when you laugh is life-enhancing and life elongating too, you know. It promotes a healthy, a healthier being.Part IVClassifying and organizing ideasAbility, the facts or ideas, are related to one anotherRoman, Arabic, letters, standard form, decreasing importance, capital letters, small letters,To the left, to the right, equal, the same distance, easy to see, the ideas before and after it.No punctuationOutlining, practice.Unit 3 All can succeedPart I-A1. in your imaginationthink into the future, possibilities, a positive way, the starting point2. expect to winfulfill the vision3. opportunityrecognize, grab, a risk takerPart I - B1. organizational skills2. results oriented3. open-minded4. in the decision process5. parental and citizen6. innovation and excellence7. the develpment8. Cooperation9. students needs10. ideas and plans11. high quality performance12. directly and clearly13. continuous professional development14. their background or position15. a consensus builder16. leardship skills17. your bond, trustworthy18. the position19. personal integrity20. work well with othersPart I- CEscaped poverty, master's degree, worst slums, overwhelming odds, English universityProspectus leaflet, discarded, set his heart, violent, crime-ridden, 13, principal breadwinner, drugs, beaten, attacked, came close, overdose, gaining a place, a visa, had doubts, genuine student, be rewardedPart II - AA1mum, bringing up 3 childrenphysical disabilities, physical difficulty of arthritis, hold her backa headmistressan actor energy, self-publicistA2F T F FTape script:Speaker 1I think my mum's very successful because she's managed to bring up three children - excellently - in such a horrible society that we live in today. She's taught us to be kind and loving, she taught us to share, she taught us to love our family - be very family-oriented- and I think that's really important.Speaker 2The person that I can think of within my life, well, I probably can think of several butthe one that instantly came to mind when you popped this question to me was somebody who lives in Harpenden and who has overcome physical difficulty of arthritis remarkably well, and not allowed it to hold her back any more than is obviously necessary because of her physical disabilities. So I think she's made a very good - a great success of overcoming a difficulty.Speaker 3I think, Mable Davies, here who's very successful. She's a deaf lady who's now the headmistress and I think that must have been hard, so I've got a lot of respect for her, because my parents are also deaf so I know how difficult it is to work your way up having a handicap, so I've got quite a lot admiration to her.Speaker 4I think in professional terms Kenneth Branagh, the actor, has been very successful and I think the reason for this more than anything else is that he's a very good self-publicist. He is undoubtedly a very good actor. I've not seen him on stage, I've seen him on film and he's got an enormous amount of energy and as I say, he's a very good self-publicist.A2Statements:13.According to the first speaker, the most important thing that mum taught her children is to love the family.14.When the second speaker was interviewed, the successful person that immediately came to her mind was the one with arthritis.15.The third speaker has a lot of respect for Mable Davies because she herself is a deaf.16.The fourth speaker thinks that the actor has got an enormous amount of energy as he saw him on stage and on film.Part II- B1subordinate positions, serious responsibility, threshold, broom, sweeping out, salutary branch, future partner, try his hand, sweepersobtain employment, aim high, rest content, thoughts, concerns, at the topprime condition, energy, thought, captital, on that line, the mostscattered their captial, brains, all wrong, watch that basket, take notice, fail, breaks, on his head, apt to tumble, lack of concentrationPart II- B2Part III - B1Joyous, warm, lovingManifest anger vent anger on somebodyDump angerTape scriptSpeaker 1I actually very rarely get anger. I've quite a long tether when it comes to anger, which doesn't mean, I really don't believe I'm suppressing any anger at all, but it manifest itself in a very sarcastic way with me. Like if for example, if I'm buying a railway ticket or something and the guy behind the counter is very surly and you now refuses to treat me like a human being, I won't get angry with him but I'll get very sarcastic with him and try to make very very clever remarks. And that for me severs its purpose. I do feel cleansed after a situation like that. Of course I do sometimes, if it's absolutely necessary I do get very angry, if I'm taken that far. But I certainly don't suppress any anger.Speaker 2Well, my anger is tied up with my sleepless nights. I mean, if I don not sleep well, I wake up in the morning, I am angry. I use any excuse to vent my anger on anybody. If I sleep well, then everything is fine. I'm a joyous, warm, loving person. Sleepless nights, I'm full of anger and my anger does not ebb away unless I use a thing or somebody to vent it upon. As weak as that may sound, that's how I work. And it's terrible sort of admission to make to everybody here. If I'm looking for excuses for having woken up in a particularly bad way, in a way, anger is something that I have to get out. I do not carry it around by weeping, and like crying. I believe in dumping it. Part III - B1Punch bags with pictures of their bossLaughing at it.Tape script:A: Apparently, I don't know if this is true, but in Japan, if factory workers get a bit uptight or angry, they can go out into the gym or something which is usually attached to the factory and there are punch bags with pictures of their boss. And they can go and they can spend twenty minutes punching hell out of this punch bag. And they go back to work and they feel great.B: Oh,God yes, well, that brings us on to laughing then. That made me laugh.C:Well that's one way of dealing with anger as well, I suppose, if you can actually remove yourself from the situation and just laugh at it. I think laughter is one of the most wonderful releases, and I think that it's actually been proved that you know that chemical that is released when you laugh is life-enhancing and life elongating too, you know. It promotes a healthy, a healthier being.Part IVClassifying and organizing ideasAbility, the facts or ideas, are related to one anotherRoman, Arabic, letters, standard form, decreasing importance, capital letters, small。

Step_by_step_3000_第二册_U3 All Can Succeed答案与原文

Unit 3 All can succeedPart I-A1. in your imagination,/think into the future, possibilities, a positive way, the starting point2. expect to win/fulfill the vision3. opportunity/recognize, grab, a risk takerPart I - B1. organizational skills2. results oriented3. open-minded4. in the decision process5. parental and citizen6. innovation and excellence7. the develpment8. Cooperation9. students needs10. ideas and plans11. high quality performance12. directly and clearly13. continuous professionaldevelopment14. their background or position15. a consensus builder16. leardship skills17. your bond, trustworthy18. the position19. personal integrity20. work well with othersPart I- CEscaped poverty, master's degree, worst slums, overwhelming odds, English universityProspectus leaflet, discarded, set his heart, violent, crime-ridden, 13, principal breadwinner, drugs, beaten, attacked, came close, overdose, gaining a place, a visa, had doubts, genuine student, be rewardedPart II - AA1mum, bringing up 3 childrenphysical disabilities, physical difficulty of arthritis, hold her backa headmistressan actor energy, self-publicistA2F T F FTape script:Speaker 1I think my mum's very successful because she's managed to bring up three children - excellently - in such a horrible society that we live in today. She's taught us to be kind and loving, she taught us to share, she taught us to love our family - be very family-oriented- and I think that's really important.Speaker 2The person that I can think of within my life, well, I probably can think of several but the one that instantly came to mind when you popped this question to me was somebody who lives in Harpenden and who has overcome physical difficulty of arthritis remarkably well, and not allowed it to hold her back any more than is obviously necessary because of her physical disabilities. So I think she's made a very good - a great success of overcoming a difficulty.Speaker 3I think, Mable Davies, here who's very successful. She's a deaf lady who's now the headmistress and I think that must have been hard, so I've got a lot of respect for her, because my parents are also deaf so I know how difficult it is to work your way up having a handicap, so I've got quite a lot admiration to her.Speaker 4I think in professional terms Kenneth Branagh, the actor, has been very successful and I think the reason for this more than anything else is that he's a very good self-publicist. He is undoubtedly a very good actor. I've not seen him on stage, I've seen him on film and he's got an enormous amount of energy and as I say, he's a very good self-publicist.A2Statements:1.According to the first speaker, the most important thing that mum taught her children is to love the family.2.When the second speaker was interviewed, the successful person that immediately came to her mind was the one with arthritis.3.The third speaker has a lot of respect for Mable Davies because she herself is a deaf.4.The fourth speaker thinks that the actor has got an enormous amount of energy as he saw him on stage and on film.Part II- B1subordinate positions, serious responsibility, threshold, broom, sweeping out, salutary branch, future partner, try his hand, sweepersobtain employment, aim high, rest content, thoughts, concerns, at the topprime condition, energy, thought, captital, on that line, the mostscattered their captial, brains, all wrong, watch that basket, take notice, fail, breaks, on his head, apt to tumble, lack of concentrationPart II- B2原文To summarize what I have said: aim for the highest; never enter a bar room; do not touch liquor, or if at all only at meals; never speculate; never indorse beyond your surplus cash f und; make the firm’s interest yours; break orders always to save owners; concentrate; put all your eggs in one basket, and watch that basket; expenditure always within revenue; lastly, be not impatient, for as Emerson says, “no one can cheat you out of ult imate success but yourselves.”Part III- A原文Adrienne, The United State sWhat are my best qualities? This is a difficult question for someone to answer I think, but I'll give it a shot. I think my best qualities are probably that I have a good sense of humor. I genuinely like people and I like talking to people and I like to be entertaining if i can possibly be.Conrad, The United StatesWhat is my best quality? I'd say my best quality is my friendliness. I always try to be positive and polite and friendly to people who I meet, especially the first time and I try to continue that but regardless of who they are I try to give them, you know, treat them friendly. I enjoy being friendly, so it's not really work to me. It's just part of my personality.Lisa, CanadaWhat are my best qualities? My best qualities are the fact that I am a good friend. I'm considerate and caring. I'm a good listener. I can always... I'm always there to hear if my friends having a bad day or just really needs to talk, and I think I'm just really nice, even though I'm not always nice to everyone. To the people I really care and love, I will always put them into an important.... I will always make them very important in my life.Phil, EnglandSo what's my best quality? I think my best quality has to be the ability to laugh at myself. English humor is very much based around laughing at yourself and also laughing with others at themselves so my best quality definitely is that I can laugh at myself and with others when they laugh at me.Simone, SwedenWhat's my best quality? I think it's that I'm very open minded so I always... I'm not afraid of new things, and nothing shocks me so I learn new things a lot that most people don't because they are too narrow minded, I think.Chip, The United StatesOK, what are my best qualities? I guess the one that I think is the most important for me is to be curious. I want to find out new things, I want to go places. I want to have new experiences. I don't like to just sit around where I know everything because it stops being interesting and inspiring after awhile. I like to have new things happen to me and meet new people and that is what keeps me creative and I have fresh ideas that way.。

step by step3000 第二册答案 Unit 10- -

Unit 10Part I辉煌TaskA2. the Out-patient Department1. the Emergency Department5. the Physician Department8. the Laboratory9. the X-ray Department6. the Eye, Ear, and Throat Department7. the Dental Department-11. the Ward10. the Administrative Building4. the Dispensary3. the Surgery DepartmentTask B2 teaspoonfuls, not exceed 15 teaspoonfuls per dayHalf of the adult dosage, not exceed 7 teaspoonfuls per day Drowsiness1. exceed the recommended dosage2. children under 6,3. individuals with high blood pressure, heart disease, or diabetes.4. drive or operate machinery5. discontinue use and consult your physicianChronic coughTask Creducing risk of developing lung cancerwalking good effect on heartmay cause health problemsfresh, natural foodlife-enhancing and life-elongating'a healthier beingTask D1. they have found that fatness can spread from person to person in sociall groupsA friend / a 57% increased chance2. up to 4% of adults and up to 8% of young childrenThey can result in trouble breathing and in some cases death.3. extreme heatThe nighttime temperature does not drop much from the highest daytime temperature and this causes great stress on the human body. 4. to rest for a short period in the middle of the dayOne study found that persons who sleep for a few minutes during the day were less likely to die of heart disease.$Part II67% of Americans questionedwash their hands after using a public restroomreducing the spread of infectious diseasescolds, influenza, throat and ear infections, food poisoning, cholera, hepatitisa public information campaignsoap and hot water for at least 15 secondsPart IIITask A1. the lung, breast, liver, mouth~2. a. smokingb. alcohol usee. physical inactivityg. indoor smokeh. injectionsi. unsafe sexTask BFindings:1. 2.5 million, 9 factors that people can control4. one-third, unhealthy lifestyle and environmental exposures《5. twice6. preventable cancersSuggestions:1. lifestyle and environmental modifications2. risk factor reductionPart IVTask A42 doctors, dieticians, pharmacists board-certified doctors24 hours a day, seven days a week 24 hours a day, seven days a weekClearing house practice medicine]Free $50 per visitTask BAmerican’s doctor online:referring consumers back to their own physician or local resources listening to the consumers and having them ask questionsproviding free informationadvisingBoard-certified doctors’ website:Practicing medicinePrescribingTreating medical conditionsDiagnosing Advising 【。

step by step 3000第二册unit8答案

Unit 8Part IA:1.Greenpeace / attitudes and behavior / environment / peace2.World Wildlife Foundation / 1961 / a future / nature3.Live Earth / climate crisis4.Green School Project / schools / waste/ landfill5.Climate Change / knowledge / measures6.Friends of the Earth / network / activist groups / urgent7.Environmental Bureau / 143 / 31/ sustainable8.Foundation / oceans, waves and beaches / 50,0009.Green Building Council / designed, built and operated / responsible, healthy 10.the Alliance to Save Energy / costs/ greenhouse gas emissionsconservation/ Organization Earth The 11./ rehabilitation /plant and animal12.Trees, Water &People / natural resources / well-being13.American Forests / restore and enhance / filter / remove / homes 14.The Global Amphibian Assessment // 600 / 60 status / 5,91815.Solar Energy Society / technologiesBood / doesn't / packaging1.f vegetables / don't / chemicals2.ave / water S3./ forever / earth or sea w4.on't/ once / bank5.bottlesp6.aper / recycled /7.Avoidu nleaded petrol8.ade from / protected 9.m10.public transportation wood / rainforests11.t 'erosols / havena12. 13.Don't / plastic boxes14.batteries / little / 50 / energy15.lights / using16.conversation / danger17.25% / rubbish18.old people / homes / energy19.Visit / zoosPart II蝾螈/ 蚓螈A:1.the atmosphere / the climate / irreversible2.everybody's life / activities / real simple / accessible / everyday people / do a lot3.one step / conscious about / light/ efficient fuel / energybulbs / recyclingB:1.planting single tree2.deflate Greenhouse Effect /take CO23.real simple activities /accessible to people / citizens/ do a lot4.clean up CO2 / improve environment /neighborhoods attractive5.a variety of personal actions Campaign California Re-Leaf as in L-E-A-Fwaskicked off recently with a party in San Francisco's Washington Square Park thrown by a coalition of seven urban forestry groups.The focus of the party was the planting of a single tree, the first of 20 million to be planted in 40 Californian cities over the nextdecade. The tree planting campaign is an attempt to deflate what's been called the Greenhouse Effect. Scientists believe that theearth is getting warmer because of an acumulaiton fo carbon dioxide in the air. Trees take carbon dioxide out of the air. Martin Rosen is the director of the Trust for Public Land, the organization that is coordinating the state-wide tree planting effort. “Time is not neutral. We are so rapidly depleting the atmosphere, we are sorapidly changing the climate, that unless westart now the situation may well become irreversible.”Some movie stars were on hand for the CyotePeter Actor ceremony. planting tree served as the master of ceremonies. “Unlessthe environmental movement comes into everybody's life, in real simple activities,it'snot going to work. Planting a tree is real simple. So I wanted to participate in something that was really accessible to the citizen, just to everyday people, to children. So that as citizens we can do a lot”After Peter Cyote introduced a few speakers and a couple of songs were sung, the ceremony moved over to a corner of thepark where a group youngsters planted aCooper Beech tree.Isobel Wade is the state coordinator for Campaign California Releaf. Wade says the tree plantings are important because they will help clean up the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, improve the environment and make neighborhoods more attractive, but Isobel Wade cautions it isn't enough. “It's one step in a combination of things. The other kinds of things that we can all be doingare being much more conscious about how we use energy in our home, whether we're buying ---ah ---fuel efficient cars and products, whether we're using Styrofoam when we don't have to be, ---ah ---whetherwe're turning off light bulbs when we --- ah –leave the room --- um --- and just a variety ofpersonal actions like recycling that we needto start thinking about and doing more.”Isobel Wade also says she'd love to see everyone in California's urban areas take thetime to plant one tree and take care of the ones that are already growing.Part IIIheadache INot easily break downII. PBSA: contact / microorganisms/enzymes/ smaller pieces / into water&CO2B1.safer90% / degraded / in 90 days / shorter / in a dump2.more heat resistanta.melt at 60 centigrade(Celsius)b.shaperetainedupto100centigradeC: disadvantageMore expensive than ordinary plastic / price 20% higherIII ApplicationA: already startedB: To be popularizedC: rolePlastic food containers & tableware/ road signs / team cheering equipment . horns / mini flags / trashbags / umbrellas / eyeglass frames)原文：When you go to the supermarket, can you resist using plastic bags For lot of us, probably won't. what you eat out Can you guarantee not to use any plastic tableware And how about if someone asks you: can yourecommend a replacement for plasticproducts Don't say paper! Here is a new solution: biodegradable plastic!As everyone knows, plastic is a big environmental headache although it brings bags,plastic Like convenience. much usplastic food containers, and plastic tableware.But it is perhaps the most harmful of all ourgarbage because it does not easily break down in nature.A researcher from the California Academyof Sciences, Ji Junhui, says he and his colleagues have found a better solution.“When the PBS in the biodegradable plastic comes in contact with microorganismsor enzymes, the plastic structure will degradeinto smaller pieces, and finally it turns intowater and carbon dioxide. This is how the break-down process works.”PBS is a chemical component that is the key to this new biodegradable plastic. It canhelp the plastic degrade into non-polluting elements, so the broken-down plastic fragments can be absorbed by soil and water.PBS is not an entirely new product, however, this China-made biodegradable plastic is safer and more heat-resistant. According to Ji Junhui, testing has shown that90% of this new biodegradable plastic can bedegraded within 90 days. And it even takes ashorter period of time if it is buried in a dump rather than exposed to the air. Usually, biodegradable plastic food containers made in other countries will metwhen the temperature reaches 60 degrees Celsius, while the Chinese product can retainits shape in up to 100 degrees. However, Ji Junhui says high-tech productsoften come at a higher price.“PBS product is a bit more expensive thanordinary plastic. Taking a plastic bowl as an example, the PBS bowl can be 20% more expensive than the current plastic bowl we use.”Some hotels and restaurants in Shanghai have already started using the new PBS biodegradable plastic food containers, and the product will be popularized in Beijing aswell as in other big cities.Olympic2008 the in role a play will ItGames. Besides in the production of plasticfood containers and tableware for the Games,PBS biodegradable plastic will also be used tomake road signs, team cheering equipment like horns and mini flags, as well as trash bags, umbrellas and eyeglass frames. Probably in the near future, we will really be able to say “farewell”to plastic pollution.Part IVCharacteristics, its structure, the logical orderInverted pyramid / the news lead / condensed form / further information Sum up / either inside or outside / comments, remarks, attitudes, analysis Some breakthroughs / update / vocabulary / hinders our understanding / enhance our ability / frequently appear//reports experiment the studied/ carefully subjects / findings or results / the latest developments。

step-by-step-3000第二册答案

Unit 1 Happy Family Life SpeakingTopic 1春节词汇Spring Festival Words节日名Greeting season春节The Spring Festival农历lunar calendar正月lunar January; the first month by lunar calendar除夕New Year's Eve; eve of lunar New Year初一the beginning of New Year元宵节The Lantern Festival习俗Customs过年Guo-nian; have the Spring Festival对联poetic couplet: two successive rhyming lines in poetry春联Spring Festival couplets剪纸paper-cuts年画New Year paintings买年货special purchases for the Spring Festival ; do Spring Festival shopping敬酒propose a toast灯笼lantern: a portable light烟花fireworks爆竹firecrackers (People scare off evil spirits and ghosts with the loud pop.)舞狮lion dance (The lion is believed to be able to dispel evil and bring good luck.)舞龙dragon dance (to expect good weather and good harvests)戏曲traditional opera杂耍variety show; vaudeville灯谜riddles written on lanterns灯会exhibit of lanterns守岁staying-up拜年pay New Year's call; give New Year's greetings; New Year's visit禁忌taboo去晦气get rid of the ill- fortune祭祖宗offer sacrifices to one's ancestors压岁钱red envelopes/red packets/a cash gift; gift money; money given to children as lunar New Year gift辞旧岁bid farewell to the old year扫房spring cleaning; general house-cleaning祝福语Blessings金玉满堂Treasures fill the home生意兴隆Business flourishes岁岁平安Peace all year round恭喜发财Wishing you prosperity和气生财Harmony brings wealth心想事成May all your wishes come true吉祥如意Everything goes well国泰民安The country flourishes and people live in peace招财进宝Money and treasures will be plentiful一帆风顺Wishing you every success步步高升Promoting to a higher position出入平安Safe trip wherever you go祝您新的一年快乐幸福！Wish you happiness and prosperity in the coming year! 祝您事业成功，家庭美满Wish you success in your career and happiness of your family!食品Food年糕Nian-gao; rise cake; New Year cake团圆饭family reunion dinner年夜饭the dinner on New Year's Eve饺子Jiao-zi; Chinese meat ravioli汤圆Tang-yuan; dumplings made of sweet rice, rolled into balls and stuffed with either sweet or spicy fillings糖果盘candy tray什锦糖assorted candies - sweet and fortune 蜜冬瓜candied winter melon - growth and good health金桔cumquat - prosperity糖莲子candied lotus seed - many descendents to come糖藕candied lotus root - fulfilling love relationship 红枣red dates - prosperity 花生糖peanut candy - sweetTraditions and cultures of Spring FestivalThe Spring Festival is the most important festival for the Chinese people and is when all family members get together, just like Christmas in the West. All people living away from home go back, becoming the busiest time for transportation systems of about half a month from the Spring Festival. Airports, railway stations and long-distance bus stations are crowded with home returnees.The Spring Festival falls on the 1st day of the 1st lunar month, often one month later than the Gregorian calendar. It originated in the Shang Dynasty (c. 1600 BC-c. 1100 BC) from the people's sacrifice to gods and ancestors at the end of an old year and the beginning of a new one.Strictly speaking, the Spring Festival starts every year in the early days of the 12th lunar month and will last till the mid 1st lunar month of the next year. Of them, the most important days are Spring Festival Eve and the first three days. The Chinese government now stipulates people have seven days off for the Chinese Lunar New Year.Many customs accompany the Spring Festival. Some are still followed today, but others have weakened.On the 8th day of the 12th lunar month, many families make laba porridge, a delicious kind of porridge made with glutinous rice, millet, seeds of Job's tears, lotus seeds, beans, longan and gingko.The 23rd day of the 12th lunar month is called Preliminary Eve. At this time, people offer sacrifice to the kitchen god. Now however, most families make delicious food to enjoy themselves.After the Preliminary Eve, people begin preparing for the coming New Year. This is called "Seeing the New Year in".Store owners are busy then as everybody goes out to purchase necessities for the New Year. Materials not only include edible oil, rice, flour, chicken, duck, fish and meat, but also fruit, candies and kinds of nuts. What's more, various decorations, new clothes and shoes for the children as well as gifts for the elderly, friends and relatives, are all on the list of purchasing. Before the New Year comes, the people completely clean the indoors and outdoors of their homes as well as their clothes, bedclothes and all their utensils.Then people begin decorating their clean rooms featuring an atmosphere of rejoicing and festivity. All the door panels will be pasted with Spring Festival couplets, highlighting Chinese calligraphy with black characters on red paper. The content varies from house owners' wishes for a bright future to good luck for the New Year. Also, pictures of the god of doors and wealth will be posted on front doors to ward off evil spirits and welcome peace and abundance.The Chinese character "fu" (meaning blessing or happiness) is a must. The character put on paper can be pasted normally or upside down, for in Chinese the "reversed fu" is homophonic with "fu comes", both being pronounced as "fudaole." What's more, two big red lanterns can be raised on both sides of the front door. Red paper-cuttings can be seen on window glass and brightly colored New Year paintings with auspicious meanings may be put on the wall.People attach great importance to Spring Festival Eve. At that time, all family members eat dinner together. The meal is more luxurious than usual. Dishes such as chicken, fish and bean curd cannot be excluded, for in Chinese, their pronunciations, respectively "ji", "yu" and "doufu," mean auspiciousness, abundance and richness. After the dinner, the whole family will sit together,chatting and watching TV. In recent years, the Spring Festival party broadcast on China Central Television Station (CCTV) is essential entertainment for the Chinese both at home and abroad. According to custom, each family will stay up to see the New Year in.Waking up on New Year, everybody dresses up. First they extend greetings to their parents. Then each child will get money as a New Year gift, wrapped up in red paper. People in northern China will eat jiaozi, or dumplings, for breakfast, as they think "jiaozi" in sound means "bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new". Also, the shape of the dumpling is like gold ingot from ancient China. So people eat them and wish for money and treasure.Southern Chinese eat niangao (New Year cake made of glutinous rice flour) on this occasion, because as a homophone, niangao means "higher and higher, one year after another." The first five days after the Spring Festival are a good time for relatives, friends, and classmates as well as colleagues to exchange greetings, gifts and chat leisurely.Burning fireworks was once the most typical custom on the Spring Festival. People thought the spluttering sound could help drive away evil spirits. However, such an activity was completely or partially forbidden in big cities once the government took security, noise and pollution factors into consideration. As a replacement, some buy tapes with firecracker sounds to listen to, some break little balloons to get the sound too, while others buy firecracker handicrafts to hang in the living room.The lively atmosphere not only fills every household, but permeates to streets and lanes. A series of activities such as lion dancing, dragon lantern dancing, lantern festivals and temple fairs will be held for days. The Spring Festival then comes to an end when the Lantern Festival is finished. China has 56 ethnic groups. Minorities celebrate their Spring Festival almost the same day as the Han people, and they have different customs.Useful words and expressionsf amily 家庭spouse 配偶single单身life span 寿命marriage life 婚姻生活bachelor 单身汉spinster 老处女courtship 求爱lad 少年, 少女female friend 女性朋友play house 过家家play hide-and-seek 捉迷藏puppy love初恋friendship 友谊engagement 订婚fiancé未婚夫fiancée 未婚妻wedding ceremony 婚礼honeymoon 蜜月newlyweds 新婚夫妇husband 丈夫wife 妻子happiness 幸福mother-in-law 婆婆dowry 嫁妆mama`s boy 没有男子气概的男人uxorious 疼爱妻子的twin 双胞胎daughter 女儿son 儿子maternal 母亲的paternal 父亲的children 子女parental 父母亲的filial 子女的divorce 离婚consolation money 抚慰金alimony 抚养费single parent 单亲fall in love 恋爱fight for divorce 提请离婚诉讼widow 寡妇widower 鳏夫separation 分居bridesmaid 女傧相best man 男傧相monogamy 一夫一妻制in laws 姻亲family tree 家谱ancestors 祖先descendant 后代1. 跟别人要钱mooch off someone我最讨厌跟别人要钱的人了。

step by step 3000第二册unit9答案

Unit 9Part IA1.60,000 / 8.752.452 / 8.33.100,000 / 8.64.8.9 / 2,9905.1,5306.12, 000 / 5.87.7.1 / 12,2308.7.5 / 22,7789.6.8 / 25,00010.6.7 / 50,00011.9.0 / 300,00012.69,197 / 18,341B:1.Ice, snow, earth, rock / the side of a mountain2.a slow-moving mudflow3.the sudden release / waves of shaking4.system of winds / about 30 to 50 kilometers an hour5.64 knows or 74 miles per hour / in the western Atlantic Ocean6.A violent destructive whirling wind / of short duration7.74 mph / in the Pacific Ocean8.A period of dryness / prevents their successful growth9.A body of water / normally dry land10.a wildfire or an uncontrolled fireSuicide bomberC1.a bomb explosion in Algiers / in a market area2.ocean storm / the Pacific coast of Mexico3.the cause of a crash of a passenger plane / All 143 people /Wednesday4.Austrians / the 38 people / at ski area5.the hijacker / released his remaining hostages and surrendered topolice6.Japanese / the nuclear reaction / has stopped7.victims of a train accident / 189 / Thursday / 2508.Russian and Norwegian divers / the sunken Russian nuclearsubmarine9.12 / heavy rains / homes and bridges / some road became rivers offlood waters.10.d eadly storm / Europe / transportation delays / airports to close /more than 115 people11.S unday’s earthquake / Turkey / more than 1,200 / 50 villages12.f ires / Sydney / under control / new flare-upsPart IIAA fire from an oil pipeline explosionThursdayMore than 50 people deadNear LagosA fuel-loading area / Nigeria’sStealing fuel from leaking pipes / vandal1.NIGERIA – more than 50 people have died in a fire from an oilpipeline explosion near Lagos. The explosion and fire happened near a fuel-loading area owned by Nigeria’s National Petroleum Corporation. This is the latest in a series of pipeline fires in Nigeria this year. The fires have killed hundreds of people. The government says people who steal fuel from leaking pipes caused some of the fires. It also blames people who cause damage on purpose.2.More than 50 people are dead in Nigeria after a leaking oilpipeline burst into flames outside the commercial capital Lagos.The blast and resulting fire Thursday ripped through an area neara fuel-loading depot owned by the state-run Nigerian NationalPetroleum Corporation. Witnesses report seeing burned bodies littering the charred grounds while many other victims are being treated for injuries sustained in the blaze. A spokesman for the petroleum company says the fire was caused by a vandal.Ski resort wire aboard operator unhurt crewB1.a cable car accident at a ski resort in northern Italy2.a. American military plane / cut the wires / low-level flightb. 20c. 60 kilometers awayd. started investigation / suspended low-level missionsAn accident at a ski resort in northern Italy in which an American military plane cut the wires of a cable during a low-level training flight has killed 20 people. One car plunged about 100 meters into the snow, killing everyone aboard. An operator was rescued unhurt from a second car left dangling in the air after the accident.The plane returned to its base 60 kilometers away, the crew unaware of the accident. Commanders of the base have since started an investigation and suspended all low-level missions in Italy until further notice.Questions:a.What is the cause of the disaster?b.How many people have been killed?c.How far away is the military base?d.What have the commanders of the base done since theaccident?C1.floods and landslideVenezuelaHomes of 140,000 – 150,000 people destroyed30,000 people killedpoor city planning15 billion dollars2. a. to give quick and generous aid to Venezuelab. to build new housing for those homeless peoplec. in stadiums, car parks, airports and military barracksd.plain areas away from the coast1.Venezuela --- tens of thousands of people affected by recentfloods and landslides are preparing to spend the Christmas and New Year holidays in shelters. Officials estimate that the homes of as many as 140,000 people were destroyed. Venezuela officials say the floods and landslides may have caused the death of as many as 30,000 people. Experts say poor city planning was a major cause f the damage. Many houses were built on weak ground of on the side of mountains along the northern coast. The Venezuela Defense Minister says survivors need to cooperate with government efforts to move them away form the coastal area.2.The United Nations has urged the international community togive quick and generous aid to Venezuela to help it recover from last week’s devastating floods and mudslides. Aresolution passed in the general assembly said it was deeply concerned over the tremendous loss of life and severe destruction of the country. As many as 30,000 people are thought to have been killed. Officials have estimated the relief and reconstruction efforts as costing some 15 billion dollar. Officials here say that reconstruction efforts could take several years to complete. They say the priority is to build new housing for the 150,000 people who’ve been made homeless. These people are now sleeping in emergency shelters set up in stadium, car parks, airports and military barracks. President Hugo Chavez says that he is looking at several different places across the country in which to build new houses, all in plain areas away from the coast. Mr. Chavez says that the government will not rebuild houses in the parts of the northern coastal region destroyed by floods and landslides. Relief efforts are continuing in damaged coastal regions Questions:a.What has the United Nations urged the internationalcommunity to do?b.According to Venezuela officials, what is the priority now?c.Where are the emergency shelters set up?d.According to President Hugo Chavez, where will the newhouses to built?Part III1.heavy rains / the spread of2.people’s hopes of a good season3.one of the best monthswhole life / not a season like this / not rains like thiscrops flooded / difficult / meet requirements / consumers /crops destroyedstruggling / not supply 100% / somethinghello! For the last two weeks, we’ve reported how heavy rains have contributed to the spread of Rift Valley Fever in Kenya. This week, we hear how the continuing torrential storms in that region are washing away Kenya horticulture’s hopes a good season.Sarah Rannoe is just back form Nairobi.Now there’s never a good time for heavy rainfall such as this. But for the horticulture industry, Sarah, this must be a particularly bad time for heavy beating rain.Well, January should be one of the best months for growers of fruit,vegetables and flowers in Kenya. Hot, dry, sunny days and peak production destined for consumers shivering in the European winter and longing for a taste African sunshine. But in Kenya, as elsewhere, the weather is not behaving as it should. Months of rain, often torrential, is washing away hopes of a good harvest. Flowers are reluctant to flower. And perhaps worst hit are growers of peas and French beans.“In the whole of my life and I’m talking about somebody who is over 60 years old.I’ve not experienced a season like this. The whole of that period, I’ve not seen rains like this in January in Kenya.”James Masengi, chairman of the Fresh Produce Exporters’Association of Kenya, who speaks not only for his members but out of personal and bitter experience.“Crops are flooded. We are finding it even difficult to meet the requirement of our consumers because crops have been destroyed.”Are you going to be able to keep your business orders up to date? Are you going to complete your export orders?Yes we are struggling very much to keep the export orders. In some places, we are not able to supply them 100 percent, but we are supplying something.James Masengi.BVery little happiness disease pressure / slows down growth / production down 30%Some / deficiencyIf sunshine in the next month / catch up a lotNo / sales on contract priceMaizeThreat of diseasePick & transport / nightmare / roads / impossible conditions听力原文：And for growers of roses, the flower associated with love and romance, there’s very little happiness in the air. Ian Maroe is managing director of CN Roses Limited, one of Kenya’s leading rose exporters.“Cold, cloudy, wet weather increase disease pressure and slows down growth. So our production is probably down a six-month figure, is down 30%.”Are you disappointing your customers?“Some. We try to keep the more important ones contented, but some are definitely disappointed. Definitely. Y eah.”Do you think you’ll be able to pick up over the course of the season?“The bad weather as such will continue for a depressingly long time according to the forecast. But if we get sunshine in the next month or so, we’ll be able to catch up quite a lot.”Are you making up the short fall in production by an increase in price?“Uh, no, because a lot of our sales are on the contract price.”Ian Morae.And I should add that even more of Kenya’s crops are in trouble. Maize has suffered badly. Coffee is under constant threat of disease. And although tea is growing well, getting it picked and transported is a nightmare on roads that become all but impossible in these conditions. But the greatest fear is that the rain could be followed by the opposite: drought.。

step by step 3000第二册1到5答案和原文

Unit 1Part I - A87, 80, 53, 48, 24, 17Script:The Porter FamilyMr William Porter is very old. He is 87. And Mrs Catherine Porter is 80. Mr Porter is from Wales. John Porter and Mary are brother and sister. John Porter is 53 and he is a lawyer. His wife Susan is 48, and she is an architect. James Porter and Joan Lee are cousins. James Porter is 24 and Joan Lee is 17.Part I - B1.spending special time together.2.specific, complain, request, praise.3.fatigue, insecurities, foxhole, striking out , protect.4.distant5.all marriages, Work together o understand6.Respect, danger, professional, physical, verbal7.Understand, winPart I - C40, excel, domestic argument, losingwin-win, lose-lose, win, a gift, returnsargue over, aren't, who, in control, fear, didn't need, ought not to , couldn't, tried to, destroy, marriagelove, loved, secure, discover, garden, cultivate, the most precious, own self, bloom. obtain, our partner, loved and respected, control.Part II- AA21.similar social backgrounds.2.the same race or same ethnic background.3.the same religion.A3Japan / 9.2% / arranged marriages3% / between blacks and whitesMany people in Western cultures choose their own wives and husbands. In many other countries, spouse are often chosen by the parents. In China and Japan before this century (20th century), upper-class marriages were arranged by the older males. In many cultures in the Middle East, Asia, and pre-industrial Europe, the man's family negotiated a "bride price" with the woman's family; the man's family was expected to pay it. In Hindu India, the bride's family paid a "groom's price" to the family of the man. These customs are weakening;for intance, only 9.2 percent of Japanesemarriages are now arranged.What are the criteria for choosing mates? Most marriages-whether arranged by families or occurring from personal attraction or love--are based on similar social backgrounds. In other words, the man and the woman come from the same social class (or else a class that is only slightly higher or slight lower). Among many people in Egypt, key members of the man's family must go to the family of the woman and propose marriage. These family members must be able to show that the man's family is at least of the same social class as the woman and that a certain amount of money exists to allow the marriage to go forward.Having the same race or the same ethnic background is the second main criterion for marriage throughout the world. In the U.S,. Where there are many different races, only 3 percent of all marriages are between blacks and whites, meaning that the races are still largely separate in marriage.In many countries, marriage is also based on the woman and man having the same religion; this is a third common criterion for choosing a mate. In culture in which religion is very strong value, marriages would often not take place if there were religious differences.Part II - B1.physical appearance;2.what somebody looks like, ....., look beyond the physical appearance3.the high percentage of divorces.4.falling love with somebody,..... ,loving somebodyScript:What do you think it is that attracts people to each other, that makes people want to be together?I think that perhaps unfortunately in the initial stages it's the physical appearance that attracts. I think unless you find somebody attractive, unless there's something about them-it could only perhaps be the way they smile or they laugh, or a twinkle in their eye, or the way of a curl falls over their forehead. But something like that has to make you interested enough to find out more about that person, unless that's there I think you just don't bother. So initially physical attraction I think is all important.Why do you say "unfortunately"?Because in fact it shouldn't be what somebody looks like that is important. You should be able to look beyond he physical appearance and see what sort of a person he or she is, whether they are selfish or selfless, whether they are kind, caring. But I think initially you are not bothered with that. That come perhaps later.In pop songs and magazines and newspapers and son on, the idea of falling love in s always emphasized, so people have this idea that you have to fall in love. Do youthink this is misleading for people? Do you think people expect something that in fact doesn't exist?Yes, I do. In fact I think we can probably lay the blame for the high percentage of divorce--it's a third I think now, isn't it? I think one in three people get divorced. Probably as far as I can see it, the reason is that they go into marriage or into a relationship with a very romantic view of love which I think has been created by the pop songs, by all the love stores, by the Barbara Cartland novels, etc. , that young people read. Really, you meet someone, you fall in love, and that's it., it's the beginning, they live happily even after. And I think that's the problem, because people just expect that, and it's not like that.So what is it, do you think, that really sustains a relationship, that keeps a relationship going?Well, I think you have to differentiate between falling in love with somebody, which I see as more superficial, and loving somebody, which I see as a deeper emotion and one that perhaps lasts. Falling in love is superficial attraction, being attracted to somebody physically, having fun together, whereas loving somebody I think is an emotion that grows, it comes with shared experiences, perhaps enjoying doing the same things together, shared hobbies, shared interests, suffering together as well, going through the bad times, helping each other, supporting each other. I think all that needs time to grow, and I'd call that love, and I think that's what makes a relationship last.Part II - Cone of the biggest decisions they will make in life,as the "just-right" wife for him,definition of what the "just-right"wife is,the millionaire man and the poor man ,her physical qualities,different words,by her physical qualities,in two different atmospheres,also have their definition of the "just-right" wife,the German man's definition is different from the Spanish man's.Script:Part IIIA baseball diamond frizzly hair / glasses/ funny/ monologueA wine bar pizzaA fancy-dress party the man dressed as Cheshire CatOutside a cinema coincidence/ he'd also missed the filmA boat/ the river bank fell in river/ he dived in and rescued herKate: I was on my way home from junior high and in order to get to my house you have to walk by this baseball diamond. And there was a game of baseball going on and it looked kind of interesting, so I stopped. There weren't very many people watching. And there was this guy and he wasn't really very good-looking, but he had frizzly hair and glasses and he was really funny. He did this kind of monologue thing, which war great. And I went home and I told my mother I was going to marry him after talking to him for half an hour. And when I got to high school, he was president of the student body and he asked me out and...we've got our picture in the yearbook together holding hands, and it's really nice.Ke: Well, I'd arranged to have a drink with a friend of mine, a woman friend of mine who's a platonic friend of mine. And she insisted on bringing this friend of hers who she said I'd like to meet and I thought she was trying to fix us up and I said, "Please don't!" But she did bring this friend and we hit it off. And after the wine bar we went to have a pizza and we all had a few more drinks and the other woman who ended up ordering a pizza that had a bunch of stuff on it that she really liked, so we picked at each other's pizzas all night and we realized that we were sort of had an ideal relationship, so that we could order really any pizza on the menu and we'd both be happy. And anyway we ended up living together and still are.Coralyn: We met at a party and it was fancy-dress party. A friend of mine's twenty-first and it was quite big and I went dressed as Alice in Wonderland and this person, this guy that I married was dressed as the Cheshire Cat. And it just seemed so amazing that, you know, we were both from the same thing and we started chatting and ended up being together.Jill: I'd arranged to go to the cinema with a group of friends and unfortunately I missed the train that would have got me to standing outside--the film had started. So I wasn't allowed in. And there was a chap outside, he'd also missed the film and we started to talk and we talked quite a bit and he said,"Let's go down the road and see that film, because that one hasn't started at the Odeon." So we went down there and we've been going out ever since!Carole: I first met my partner when he was on a boat and I was on the river bank, standing and looking generally into the distance and he was coming in to land with his boat and he threw me a rope and said,"Would you mind catching this?" and I caught it and missed and tripped over it and fell in the river and he had to dive in and rescue me. And that was it!Part IVBook, choked, disappointment, take you to dinner, tolerant smile, went by, rose, big restaurant, test, understand and admireJohn Blanchard stood up from the bench, straightened his army uniform, and studied the crowd of people making their way through Grand Central Station. He looked for the girl whose heart he knew, but whose face he didn't, the girl with the rose. His interest in her had begun thirteen months before in Florida library. Taking a book off the shelf he found himself intrigued, not with the words of the book, but with the notes penciled in the margin. The soft handwriting reflected a thoughtful soul and insightful mind. In the front of the book, he discovered the previous owner's name, Miss Hollis Maynell.With time and effort he located her address. She lived in New York City. He wrote her a letter introducing himself and inviting her to correspond. The next day he was shipped overseas for service in World War through the mail. Each letter was a seed falling on a fertile heart. A romance was budding. Blanchard requested a photograph, but she refused. She felt that if he really cared, it wouldn't matter what she looked like. When the day finally come for him to return from Europe, they scheduled their first meeting --7:00p.m. At the Grand Hotel Station in New York. "You will recognize me,"she wrote, "by the red rose I'll be wearing on my lapel." So at 7:00 he was in the station looking for a girl whose heart he loved, but whose face he'd never seen. I'll let Mr Blanchard tell you what happened.A young woman was coming toward me, her figure long and slim. Her blonde hair lay back in curls from her delicate ears. Her eyes were as blue flowers. Her lips and chin had a gentle firmness, and in her pale green suit she was like spring time coming alive. I started toward her, entirely forgetting to notice that she was not wearing a rose. As I moved, a small, provocative smile curved her lips. " Going my way, sailor?" she murmured. Almost uncontrollably I made one step closer to her, and then I saw Holllis Maynell. She was standing almost directly behind the girl. A woman well past 40, she had graying hair tucked under a worn hat. She was more than plump, her thick-ankled feet thrust into low-heeled shoes. The girl in the green suit was waking quickly away.I felt as thought I was split into two, so keen was my desire to follow her, and yet so deep was my longing for the woman whose spirit had truly companioned me and upheld my own. And there she stood. Her pale plump face was gentle and sensible, her gray eyes had a warm and kindly twinkle. I did not hesitate. My fingers gripped the small worn blue leather copy of the book that was to identify me to her. This would not be love, but it would be something precious, something perhaps even better than love.Unit 2 Shaping and reshaping personalityPart I-A1- h, 2-d, 3-j, 4-k, 5-b, 6-i,7-g, 8-e, 9-l, 10-f, 11-c, 12-aTape script:1.Taurus April 21- May12, is represented by a bull.2.Virgo is represented by a young woman.3.Capricorn......... by a goat.4.Pisces................by two fish.5.Aquarius............by the water-bearer.6.Leo.....................by a lion7.Cancer ...............by a crab8.Aries....................by a ram9.Gemini.................by twins10.Sagitarus............by a centaur shooing an arrow11.Scorpio................by a scorption12.Libra...................by a pair of measuring scales.Part I - BVery, not very, extremely, sort of, veryTape script:W: Hey, Kevin. Help me fill out this personality survey. It'll be fun.M:Oh, I don't know...W: Oh, come on... Ok, here's the first one--what should I put for "aggressive"?M:Oh, I....I'd say "very".W: Very? Really?M: Yeah, sure. Look at the way you drive!W: Well, Ok, so I'm a very aggressive driver... But.. You have to drive like that in this city, or you're gonna be hit, because....M:Uh,... What's the next one?W: "Selfish".M:Oh, not at all.W: Really? Well... Maybe just a little... I mean, a lot of people are, right? Just a little bit? You know, I mean, I try to think of other people, but sometimes I do just think of myself, I guess.M: Ok,Ok, so put "not very."W: OK.M: But you can put "extremely " for the next one.W: What? Oh, "kind"?M: Yes. Don't you think you are an extremely kind person?W: I am? Ok, if you say so. Oh, look t this next one.W: Yeah.M: Hmm... I don't know. Sometimes you can be really patient, but other times you are not patient at all. Like remember that time in line at the supermarket when you got... W: Ok, ok, I get your point. I'll put "sort of"/.M: Ok, that's right.W: Next one..."jealous"... I guess I am sort of jealous...M: Sort of? I'd put "very". Remember how angry you got when my ex-girlfriend called the other day? I remember you are gonna raise the roof...W: All right, all right, " Very".Part I- CAmbitious and proudHelpful and honestSelfish and unreliableTape script:GeorgeW: So what are you going to do after you graduates, George?G: I' m going to start my own business.W: Oh, really? What type of business?G: Well, I haven't decided yet, but I know I'll be successful in anything I do. In fact, I am going to be one of the top business people in town in less than five years. Just wait and see! I have everything it takes --I am smart, I can organize people. And I am full of ideas that can make money.KarenK: Hey! Look at this wallet on the sidewalk. Wow! There's lot of money in it... But no identification. Mmm...I wonder how I can find the owner? I guess I will take it to the police station and see if anyone has reported a lost wallet.PamM: What are you doing tonight, Pam?P: Well, I was supposed to meet Bill after work for a movie, but I don't feel like going.I think I will go shopping instead.M: Won't Bill get mad?P: Oh, I am sure he can find something else to do.M:Oh?P: Besides, I really need some new clothes. I haven't bought any for nearly a month! M:Huh!Part IIYoung boys1. Measure the boys' abilities and how they felt about their own abilities;2.Three groups--those with high self-esteem/middle self-esteem/low self-esteem3. In all situation--at home/ at work/ in school/ with friends1. Active/able to express ideas/successful in school and in relations with other people/creative/led in discussions/interested in world problems/seldom tired or sick2. Like the boys with high self-esteem/express ideas freely/saw the world as a goodand happy place/ not sure of their own value3. Sad most time/ afraid to start activities/ felt no love/ couldn't express ideas/ afraid of anger/no talk in discussiona. closenessb. good behavior b.almost anythingc.definite, strict, kind and thoughtful c. no definited. rewards d. harsh punishmente. democratic, respectedf. importance, taken away f. didn't love themTape script:Scientists have learned a great deal about the parts of brain and their functions. They have also studied the development of the personality, for example, how a baby learns to love. In recent studies at two universities in the United States, scientists have investigated the development of self-esteem.Self-esteem is the respect a person has for himself, his belief in his ability and in the value of what he does. The scientists studied self-esteem in young boys. They gave them many tests. These test measured the boys' abilities and also how they felt about their own abilities. After the tests, the boys were divided into three groups--those with high-esteem, those with middle-esteem and those with love self-esteem. The scientist continued to study the boys in all situations. They studied them at home, at work, in school, and with their friends.From their studies, the scientists made some observations. Boys with high self-esteem were active. They were able to express their ideas. They were successful in school and in their relations with other people. In discussions, they led. They didn't just listen. They were interested in world problems. They were creative and believed that they could finish whatever they started. They seldom became tired or sick. In many ways, the boys with middle self-esteem were like the boys with high self-esteem. They too expressed their ideas freely and saw the world as a good and happy place. However, they were not sure of their own value as people. They did their best work when they were sure that other people liked them. The boys with low self-esteem were different from the other two groups. They were sad most of them time. They were afraid to start activities. They felt that no one loved them. They could not express their ideas. They were afraid of anger. In a discussion, they listened, but they didn't talk.The scientists asked, "How do some boys develop high self-esteem?" :"What is different in their lives?" Some of the answers were surprising. High self-esteem did not depend upon physical appearance, or money, or size of family. It did not depend upon how much the mother was at home. The scientists found that there was a closeness between the boys with high self-esteem and their parents. Their parents showed real interest in them, and spend time with time . They listened to their sonsand gave them help when the boys asked for it. They knew their sons' friends. The son knew that they were important to their parents. These parents demanded good behavior. They mad definite rules. They were strict, but not harsh. They corrected their sons' behavior by rewards, not by punishment. They never took away their love. On the other hand, the parents of boys with low self-esteem let their sons do almost anything. If a boy made a mistake, the parents punished him harshly. They boys believed that their parents didn't love them. There were no definite rules. The family life of the boys with high self-esteem was democratic. The parents made rules, but they led in a kind and thoughtful way. They showed respect for their children's ideas, even when they did not agree with them. They let the boys give their opinions in discussions of family plans. These boys were productive citizens. Now these scientists are studying other groups of children. They want to learn how to help children with low self-esteem feel better about themselves. In this way, these children can become productive citizens too.Part III- ASad, temporary, long, suffer from mental,Anyone, ten , developing,80 percent, drugs, effective, carefullyWithout, activity, minor, walking, 30, four, improve, physical, traditional, hour, talking, doctors, Discussion, ways, problemsEducation, understand.Part III - B1Joyous, warm, lovingManifest anger vent anger on somebodyDump angerTape scriptSpeaker 1I actually very rarely get anger. I've quite a long tether when it comes to anger, which doesn't mean, I really don't believe I'm suppressing any anger at all, but it manifest itself in a very sarcastic way with me. Like if for example, if I'm buying a railway ticket or something and the guy behind the counter is very surly and you now refuses to treat me like a human being, I won't get angry with him but I'll get very sarcastic with him and try to make very very clever remarks. And that for me severs its purpose. I do feel cleansed after a situation like that. Of course I do sometimes, if it's absolutely necessary I do get very angry, if I'm taken that far. But I certainly don't suppress any anger.Speaker 2Well, my anger is tied up with my sleepless nights. I mean, if I don not sleep well, I wake up in the morning, I am angry. I use any excuse to vent my anger on anybody.If I sleep well, then everything is fine. I'm a joyous, warm, loving person. Sleepless nights, I'm full of anger and my anger does not ebb away unless I use a thing or somebody to vent it upon. As weak as that may sound, that's how I work. And it's terrible sort of admission to make to everybody here. If I'm looking for excuses for having woken up in a particularly bad way, in a way, anger is something that I have to get out. I do not carry it around by weeping, and like crying. I believe in dumping it. Part III - B1Punch bags with pictures of their bossLaughing at it.Tape script:A: Apparently, I don't know if this is true, but in Japan, if factory workers get a bit uptight or angry, they can go out into the gym or something which is usually attached to the factory and there are punch bags with pictures of their boss. And they can go and they can spend twenty minutes punching hell out of this punch bag. And they go back to work and they feel great.B: Oh,God yes, well, that brings us on to laughing then. That made me laugh.C:Well that's one way of dealing with anger as well, I suppose, if you can actually remove yourself from the situation and just laugh at it. I think laughter is one of the most wonderful releases, and I think that it's actually been proved that you know that chemical that is released when you laugh is life-enhancing and life elongating too, you know. It promotes a healthy, a healthier being.Part IVClassifying and organizing ideasAbility, the facts or ideas, are related to one anotherRoman, Arabic, letters, standard form, decreasing importance, capital letters, small letters,To the left, to the right, equal, the same distance, easy to see, the ideas before and after it.No punctuationOutlining, practice.Unit 3 All can succeedPart I-A1. in your imaginationthink into the future, possibilities, a positive way, the starting point2. expect to winfulfill the vision3. opportunityrecognize, grab, a risk takerPart I - B1. organizational skills2. results oriented3. open-minded4. in the decision process5. parental and citizen6. innovation and excellence7. the develpment8. Cooperation9. students needs10. ideas and plans11. high quality performance12. directly and clearly13. continuous professional development14. their background or position15. a consensus builder16. leardship skills17. your bond, trustworthy18. the position19. personal integrity20. work well with othersPart I- CEscaped poverty, master's degree, worst slums, overwhelming odds, English universityProspectus leaflet, discarded, set his heart, violent, crime-ridden, 13, principal breadwinner, drugs, beaten, attacked, came close, overdose, gaining a place, a visa, had doubts, genuine student, be rewardedPart II - AA1mum, bringing up 3 childrenphysical disabilities, physical difficulty of arthritis, hold her backa headmistressan actor energy, self-publicistA2F T F FTape script:Speaker 1I think my mum's very successful because she's managed to bring up three children - excellently - in such a horrible society that we live in today. She's taught us to be kind and loving, she taught us to share, she taught us to love our family - be very family-oriented- and I think that's really important.Speaker 2The person that I can think of within my life, well, I probably can think of several butthe one that instantly came to mind when you popped this question to me was somebody who lives in Harpenden and who has overcome physical difficulty of arthritis remarkably well, and not allowed it to hold her back any more than is obviously necessary because of her physical disabilities. So I think she's made a very good - a great success of overcoming a difficulty.Speaker 3I think, Mable Davies, here who's very successful. She's a deaf lady who's now the headmistress and I think that must have been hard, so I've got a lot of respect for her, because my parents are also deaf so I know how difficult it is to work your way up having a handicap, so I've got quite a lot admiration to her.Speaker 4I think in professional terms Kenneth Branagh, the actor, has been very successful and I think the reason for this more than anything else is that he's a very good self-publicist. He is undoubtedly a very good actor. I've not seen him on stage, I've seen him on film and he's got an enormous amount of energy and as I say, he's a very good self-publicist.A2Statements:13.According to the first speaker, the most important thing that mum taught her children is to love the family.14.When the second speaker was interviewed, the successful person that immediately came to her mind was the one with arthritis.15.The third speaker has a lot of respect for Mable Davies because she herself is a deaf.16.The fourth speaker thinks that the actor has got an enormous amount of energy as he saw him on stage and on film.Part II- B1subordinate positions, serious responsibility, threshold, broom, sweeping out, salutary branch, future partner, try his hand, sweepersobtain employment, aim high, rest content, thoughts, concerns, at the topprime condition, energy, thought, captital, on that line, the mostscattered their captial, brains, all wrong, watch that basket, take notice, fail, breaks, on his head, apt to tumble, lack of concentrationPart II- B2Part III - B1Joyous, warm, lovingManifest anger vent anger on somebodyDump angerTape scriptSpeaker 1I actually very rarely get anger. I've quite a long tether when it comes to anger, which doesn't mean, I really don't believe I'm suppressing any anger at all, but it manifest itself in a very sarcastic way with me. Like if for example, if I'm buying a railway ticket or something and the guy behind the counter is very surly and you now refuses to treat me like a human being, I won't get angry with him but I'll get very sarcastic with him and try to make very very clever remarks. And that for me severs its purpose. I do feel cleansed after a situation like that. Of course I do sometimes, if it's absolutely necessary I do get very angry, if I'm taken that far. But I certainly don't suppress any anger.Speaker 2Well, my anger is tied up with my sleepless nights. I mean, if I don not sleep well, I wake up in the morning, I am angry. I use any excuse to vent my anger on anybody. If I sleep well, then everything is fine. I'm a joyous, warm, loving person. Sleepless nights, I'm full of anger and my anger does not ebb away unless I use a thing or somebody to vent it upon. As weak as that may sound, that's how I work. And it's terrible sort of admission to make to everybody here. If I'm looking for excuses for having woken up in a particularly bad way, in a way, anger is something that I have to get out. I do not carry it around by weeping, and like crying. I believe in dumping it. Part III - B1Punch bags with pictures of their bossLaughing at it.Tape script:A: Apparently, I don't know if this is true, but in Japan, if factory workers get a bit uptight or angry, they can go out into the gym or something which is usually attached to the factory and there are punch bags with pictures of their boss. And they can go and they can spend twenty minutes punching hell out of this punch bag. And they go back to work and they feel great.B: Oh,God yes, well, that brings us on to laughing then. That made me laugh.C:Well that's one way of dealing with anger as well, I suppose, if you can actually remove yourself from the situation and just laugh at it. I think laughter is one of the most wonderful releases, and I think that it's actually been proved that you know that chemical that is released when you laugh is life-enhancing and life elongating too, you know. It promotes a healthy, a healthier being.Part IVClassifying and organizing ideasAbility, the facts or ideas, are related to one anotherRoman, Arabic, letters, standard form, decreasing importance, capital letters, small。

step by step 3000第二册unit8答案学习资料

s t e p b y s t e p3000第二册u n i t8答案Unit 8Part IA:1.G reenpeace / attitudes and behavior /environment / peace2.W orld Wildlife Foundation / 1961 / afuture / nature3.L ive Earth / climate crisis4.G reen School Project / schools / waste /landfill5.C limate Change / knowledge / measures6.F riends of the Earth / network / activistgroups / urgent7.E nvironmental Bureau / 143 / 31/sustainable8.F oundation / oceans, waves and beaches/ 50,0009.G reen Building Council / designed,built and operated / responsible, healthy 10. the Alliance to Save Energy / costs/ greenhouse gas emissions11.The Earth Organization /conservation / rehabilitation /plant and animal12.Trees, Water &People / naturalresources / well-being13. American Forests / restore andenhance / filter / remove / homes14.The Global Amphibian Assessment/ status / 5,918 / 600 / 6015.Solar Energy Society / technologiesB1.f ood / doesn’t / packaging2.v egetables / don’t / chemicals3.S ave / water4.w on’t / forever / earth or sea5.b ottles / once / bank6.p aper / recycled /7.A void8.u nleaded petrol9.m ade from / protected10.public transportation11.wood / rainforests12.aerosols / haven’t13.Don’t / plastic boxes14.batteries / little / 50 / energy15.lights / using16.conversation / danger17.25% / rubbish18.old people / homes / energy19.Visit / zoosPart II蝾螈 / 蚓螈A:1.the atmosphere / theclimate / irreversible2.everybody’s life /activities / real simple /accessible / everydaypeople / do a lot3.o ne step / conscious about /energy / fuel efficient / lightbulbs / recyclingB:1.p lanting single tree2.d eflate Greenhouse Effect /take CO23.r eal simple activities /accessible to people / citizens/ do a lot4.c lean up CO2 / improveenvironment /neighborhoods attractive5.a variety of personal actionsCampaign California Re-Leaf as in L-E-A-F was kicked off recently with a party in San Francisco’s Washington Square Park thrown by a coalition of seven urban forestry groups. The focus of the party was the planting of a single tree, the first of 20 million to be planted in 40 Californian cities over the next decade. The tree planting campaign is an attempt to deflate what’s been called the Greenhouse Effect. Scientists believe that the earth is getting warmer because of an acumulaiton fo carbon dioxide in the air. Trees take carbon dioxide out of the air.Martin Rosen is the director of the Trust for Public Land, the organization that is coordinating the state-wide tree planting effort. “Time is not neutral. We are so rapidly depleting the atmosphere, we are so rapidly changing the climate, that unless westart now the situation may well become irreversible.”Some movie stars were on hand for the tree planting ceremony. Actor Peter Cyote served as the master of ceremonies. “Unless the environmental movement comes into everybody’s life, in real simple activities, it’s not going to work. Planting a tree is real simple. So I wanted to participate in something that was really accessible to the citizen, just to everyday people, to children. So that as citizens we can do a lot”After Peter Cyote introduced a few speakers and a couple of songs were sung, the ceremony moved over to a corner of the park where a group youngsters planted a Cooper Beech tree.Isobel Wade is the state coordinator for Campaign California Releaf. Wade says the tree plantings are important because they will help clean up the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, improve the environment andmake neighborhoods more attractive, but Isobel Wade cautions it isn’t enough. “It’s one step in a combination of things. The other kinds of things that we can all be doing are being much more conscious about how we use energy in our home, whether we’re buying --- ah ---fuel efficient cars and products, whether we’re using Styrofoam when we don’t have to be, ---ah --- whether we’re turning off light bulbs when we --- ah – leave the room --- um --- and just a variety of personal actions like recycling that we need to start thinking about and doing more.”Isobel Wade also says she’d love to see everyone in California’s urban areas take the time to plant one tree and take care of the ones that are already growing.Part IIII headacheNot easily break downII. PBSA: contact / microorganisms/enzymes / smaller pieces / into water &CO2B1.safer90% / degraded / in 90 days / shorter / in a dump2.more heat resistanta.melt at 60 centigrade(Celsius)b.shape retained up to 100centigradeC: disadvantageMore expensive than ordinary plastic / price 20% higherIII ApplicationA: already startedB: To be popularizedC: rolePlastic food containers & tableware / road signs / team cheeringequipment (e.g. horns / mini flags / trash bags / umbrellas / eyeglass frames)原文：When you go to the supermarket, can you resist using plastic bags? For lot of us, probably won’t. what you eat out? Can you guarantee not to use any plastic tableware? And how about if someone asks you: can you recommend a replacement for plastic products? Don’t say paper! Here is a new solution: biodegradable plastic!As everyone knows, plastic is a big environmental headache although it brings us much convenience. Like plastic bags, plastic food containers, and plastic tableware. But it is perhaps the most harmful of all our garbage because it does not easily break down in nature.A researcher from the California Academy of Sciences, Ji Junhui, says he and his colleagues have found a better solution. “When the PBS in the biodegradable plastic comes in contact with microorganisms or enzymes, the plastic structure will degrade into smaller pieces, and finally it turns into water and carbon dioxide. This is how the break-down process works.”PBS is a chemical component that is the key to this new biodegradable plastic. It can help the plastic degrade into non-polluting elements, so the broken-down plastic fragments can be absorbed by soil and water.PBS is not an entirely new product, however, this China-made biodegradable plastic is safer and more heat-resistant. According to Ji Junhui, testing has shown that 90% of this new biodegradable plastic can be degraded within 90 days. And it eventakes a shorter period of time if it is buried in a dump rather than exposed to the air. Usually, biodegradable plastic food containers made in other countries will met when the temperature reaches 60 degrees Celsius, while the Chinese product can retain its shape in up to 100 degrees.However, Ji Junhui says high-tech products often come at a higher price. “PBS product is a bit more expensive than ordinary plastic. Taking a plastic bowl as an example, the PBS bowl can be 20% more expensive than the current plastic bowl we use.”Some hotels and restaurants in Shanghai have already started using the new PBS biodegradable plastic food containers, and the product will be popularized in Beijing as well as in other big cities.It will play a role in the 2008 Olympic Games. Besides in the production of plastic food containers and tableware for theGames, PBS biodegradable plastic will also be used to make road signs, team cheering equipment like horns and mini flags, as well as trash bags, umbrellas and eyeglass frames.Probably in the near future, we will really be able to say “farewell” to plastic pollution.Part IVCharacteristics, its structure, the logical orderInverted pyramid / the news lead / condensed form / further informationSum up / either inside or outside / comments, remarks, attitudes, analysisSome breakthroughs / update / vocabulary / hinders our understanding / enhance our ability / frequently appear/ carefully studied/ the experiment reports / subjects / findings or results / the latest developments。

step by step3000 Unit2答案

21,Jan.~19,Feb. TIPS： Aquarius has a lot of adaptability. But you may try many new things but end up mastering none .
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反复无常的）
motivation brings adaptability.
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Cancer 巨蟹座
22,Jun.~22,Jul.
Cancer’s element is Water. Symbolic of the emotions, water signs need to give and receive.
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Scorpio 天蝎座
24,Oct.~22,Nov.
TIPS:
Scorpio is a Water element, and this makes it a somewhat enigmatic（不可思议的） sign.
Study would never be a problem for Scorpio. You just need more confidence.
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12 Constellations
Aquarius Capricorn Sagittarius 射手座 Scorpio 天蝎座巨蟹座天秤座 Libra Virgo
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Pisces Aries 双鱼座白羊座 Taurus
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Capricorn 摩羯座
Capricorn is the leader of the Earth signs. Here is a stabilizing force, one of the hardestworking signs of the Zodiac（十二宫图）.