研究生英语阅读教程课后翻译19单元

Lesson 11. For English is a killer. It is English that has killed off Cumbric, Cornish, Norn and Manx. There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak languages that were there before English. Yet English is everywhere in everyday use and understood by all or virtually all, constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Welsh... that their long-term future must be considered... very greatly at risk.因为英语是个杀手。

正是英语造成了康瑞克、康尼施、诺恩、曼科斯等语言的消亡。

在其中一部分岛上还有相当多的人使用在英语到来之前就已存在的语言。

然而，英语在日常生活中无处不在。

所有的人或几乎所有的人都懂英语。

英语对现存的凯尔特语——爱尔兰语、苏格兰盖尔语及威尔士语的威胁是如此之大，它们的未来岌岌可危。

2. He also associated such policies with a prejudice which he calls linguisticism (a condition parallel to racism and sexism). As Phillipson sees it, leading institutions and individuals within the predominantly "white" English-speaking world, have (by design or default) encouraged or at least tolerated—and certainly have not opposed—the hegemonic spread of English, a spread which began some three centuries ago as economic and colonial expansion.同时，他认为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视（和种族歧视、性别歧视的情况类似）的偏见密切相关。

在菲利普森看来，在以白人英语为主导的世界，最重要的机构和个人（有意或无意地）鼓励或者至少是容忍了（肯定没有反对）英语霸权主义式的传播。

这种传播始于三个世纪之前的经济及殖民扩张。

3. By and large, we now view them as more or less benign, and often talk with admiration and appreciation about the cultures associated with them and what they have given to the world. And it is fairly safe to do this, because none of them now poses much of a threat.总的来说，我们现在或多或少地把这些语言看作有利的语言。

在谈到与之相关的文化及其为世界所做的贡献时，我们常怀有崇敬与赞赏，而且这样做也没有太大的风险，因为这些语言现在已不会构成什么威胁。

4. Yet many people see English as a blessing. Let me leave aside here the obvious advantages possessed by any world language, such as a large communicative network, a strong literary and media complex, and a powerful cultural and educational apparatus.然而，许多人把英语看成是一件幸事。

在此，我暂且不谈任何世界语言所具有的明显优势，例如广泛的通信网，强大的文化传媒体系，及强有力的文化教育机构。

5. English-speaking South Africans of British descent were not particularly strong in opposing the apartheid regime, and the black opposition, whose members had many languages, was at first weak and disorganized.讲英语的南非英国后裔并不强烈反对种族隔离政权，而黑人反对力量，其成员讲多种语言，在初期软弱无力且缺乏组织。

6. Such symbolism suggests that the users of the world's lingua franca should seek to benefit as fully as possible from the blessing and as far as possible avoid invoking the curse.这一象征表明这种世界通用语的使用者应充分发掘这一幸事为我们带来的好处,同时尽能避免招来灾难。

Lesson 21.The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I had been rejected, but I was still in love.苹果公司发生的这些事情丝毫的没有改变这一点。

我被驱逐了,但是我仍然钟爱我所做的事情。

2.The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less s ure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.因为，作为一个成功者的负重感被作为一个创业者的轻松感觉所重新代替, 没有比这更确定的事情了。

这让我觉得如此自由, 进入了我生命中最有创造力的一个阶段。

3.it was awful(可怕的好可怕糟糕的) tasting medicine,but i guess the patient needed it. Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick . Don't lose faith.这个良药的味道实在是太苦了,但是我想病人需要它。

有时候,人生会用砖头打你的头。

不要失去信心。

4.remembering that you are going to die is the best way i know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose.you are already naked .there is no reason not to follow your heart.记住你要死去是我所知道最好的方法来避免思维的陷阱你输得起的东西。

你已经裸体。

没有理由不去追随你的心.5.your time is limited,so don't waste it living someone else's life.don't the trapped by dogma--which is living with the results of other people's thinking.don't let the noise of others' opinions drown out your inner voice.你的时间有限,所以不要浪费时间去过别人的生活。

不要被信条所惑——盲从信条是活在别人的思考结果。

不要让别人的意见淹没了你内心的声音。

Lesson 31.Right then I learned another lesson.To avoid that kind of depression meant ,inevitably, havingto endure a certain amount of worry concern . 就在那时我又得出了一条经验，这就是要想避免这种郁闷，就不可避免要经受某种担忧和担心。

2.Any time, it seems, that we set out aggressively to get something we want, we meet up withanxiety. And it’s go be our traveling companion , at least part of the way, into any new venture . 看来任何时候只要我们开始积极努力获取我们想要的东西，我们都会感到焦虑。

焦虑将伴随我们进行新的冒险，至少是部分行程的“驴友”。

3.I had benefited , I discovered ,from a process psychologists call “extinction”. If you put anindividual in an anxiety-provoking situation often enough, he will eventually learn that there isn’t anything to be worried about. 我发现我得益于心理学家称之为“消失”的过程。

如果你把一个人放在一种使人焦虑的环境中，长此以往，他就会形成一种习惯，最终觉得没有什么值得担忧的了。

4.And ever since, I have never hesitated to head for even the most exotic of places , withoutguides or even advanced bookings , confident that somehow I will manage. 自那以后即使是到最不熟悉的地方去，我也不会犹豫。