虚拟条件句的用法

1. (表示条件)如果 ,主句用将来时，if从句用现在时表示将来

He will come if you invite him.

如果你请他,他会来的。

2. (表示虚拟)假如,要是

1）时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。

a. 同现在事实相反的假设。

句型：条件从句主句

一般过去时 should( would) +动词原形

If they were here, they would help you.

b. 表示于过去事实相反的假设。

句型：条件从句主句

过去完成时 should(would) have+ 过去分词

If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.

The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful.

If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.

If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.

含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.

If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress.

含义： He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress.

c. 表示对将来的假想

句型：条件从句主句

一般过去时 should+ 动词原形

were+ 不定式 would + 动词原形

should+ 动词原形

If you succeeded, everything would be all right.

If you should succeed, everything would be all right.

If you were o sutcceed, everything would be all right.

虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，不是表示客观存在的事实，因此虚拟语气常用在含有非真实条件从句的主从复合句中。虚拟语气在条件句中的用法：

虚拟条件句是用谓语动词的特殊形式来表示与现在、过去事实或将来事实相反的情况。虚拟条件句中所用的谓语动词的过去时、过去完成时、过去将来时等只表示不同的虚拟语气，与陈述语气句中的过去时、过去完成时等没有关系。具体情况如下：

1. 表示与现在事实相反的假设时，条件从句中的谓语动词用“过去式(be的过去式用were)”，而主句中的谓语动词用“would (should, could, might) + 动词原形”。例如：

If he had time, he would attend the meeting.

如果他有时间，他会参加这次会议。

If I were a bird, I could fl y in the air.

如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。

2. 表示与过去的事实相反的假设时，条件从句的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”，主句中的谓语动词用“would (should, could, might) + hav e + 过去分词”。例如：

If y ou had taken my adv i ce, y ou woul dn’t have failed i n the ex amination. 如果你接受我的建议，在这次考试中你就不会失败。

If y ou hav e worked hard, y ou wouldn’t hav e failed in the ex am.

如果你早用功，你就不至于考试不及格了。

3. 表示与将来事实相反的假设时，条件从句的谓语动词用“过去式/ s hould + 动词原形/ were to + 动词原形”，主句中的谓语动词用“would (should, could, might) + 动词原形”。例如：

If it were to rai n tomorrow, the meeting woul d be put off.

假如明天下雨，会议就会被推迟。

提示：⑴用虚拟语气表示条件的条件从句，可以放在主句前，也可放在主句后，但所表达意义的侧重点不同。主句在前时，强调“结果”；从句在前时，强调“条件”。

⑵在书面语中有时可省略条件从句中的if，但须将从句中的were, had, woul d或should放到从句中的主语之前。例如：

Were I in sc hool again, I would wor k harder.

如果我能再上学，我就会更努力地学习。

Should there be a meeting tomorrow, I would come.

如果明天有会议，我会来的。

Had y ou arri v ed at the station ten minutes earlier y es terday, y ou c ould have c aught the train.

如果你昨天早十分钟到火车站，你就赶上火车了。

⑶可用介词短语代替条件从句。例如：

If there weren’t air, there would be no li v ing things.

= Without air, there would be no li v ing things.

如果没有空气，就会没有生命。

【巩固精练】用所给动词的正确形式填空。

1. If it rained, they ___________ (stay) at home.

2. We would be ver y much pleased if y ou ___________ (come).

3. What a pity! I hav en’t got my c ar. If I had, I _______ (tak e) you to the airport.

4. We would ans wer the questions if we ___________ (can).

5. If I were y ou, I __________ (take) a l ong wal k before going to bed.

Key s：1. woul d stay2. c ame3. would tak e4. c ould5. would tak e

高考虚拟语气的归纳

间接引语中的条件句