初一英语介词用法总结
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初一英语介词用法总结
介词又叫前置词,是一种虚词。介词分为三种,一种是简单介词,如at,in,on,beside,to,for 等;另一种是短语介词,即由两个以上的词组组成的短语,如
in front of,because of,out of,instead of等;还有一种叫二重介词,如
until after,from behind等。
(一)介词的句法功能
介词不能独立在句中做成份,介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成份,表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。
1、作定语:The book on the table is mine.
2、作状语:We have breakfast at seven.(表时间);
3、作表语:My dictionary is in the bag.
4、作宾语补足语:I found him in the office.
(二)主要介词区别
1、表示时间的at,in,on:at表示片刻的时间,如:at8o'clock,常用词组有:
at noon,at night,, in表示一段的时间,如:in the morning,in the afternoon, on总是跟日子有关,on Monday,on Christmas
2、表示时间的since和from:since表示从过去到现在的一段时间的过程,常与现在完成时连用。from表示从时间的某一点开始,不涉及与现在的关系。一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用。如:
I hope to do morning exercises from today./We have not seen each other since1995.
3、表示时间的in和after:两者都表示"在(某个时间)之后,区别在于in表示"在(一段时间)之后",而after则表示"在(某一具体时间点之后)",in短语和将来时态连用,after 短语和过去时态或将来时态连用。如:
We'll be back in three days./After seven the rain began to fall.
注意:after有时也可以表示在一段时间之后(常用在过去时里)。如:
After two months he returned.
4、表示地理位置的in,on,to:in表示在某范围内,on指与什么毗邻,to指在某环境范围之外。如:
Changchun is in the northeast of China./Mongolia is on the north of China./Japan is to t he east of China.
5、表示"在……上"的on和in:on只表示在某物的表面上,而用in表示占去某物一部分。如:There is a book on the piece of paper./There is an interestin-
g article in the newspaper./He dug a hole in the wall.
6、表示"穿过……"的through和across:through表示从内部通过,与in有关;across 则表示从一端至另一端在表面上的通过,与on有关。
如:Water flows through the pipe./The old man walked across the street.
7、in the corner,on the corner,at the corner:in the corner表示在角落里,in指角的内
面;on the corner表示"在角上",on指的不是内面,也不是外面,而含内外兼有之意;at the corner指"在拐角处",at指的是拐角外附近的外面。如:
The lamp stands in the corner of the room./I met with him at the street corner./He sat on the corner of the table.
8、in the end,at the end of,by the end of:in the end作"最后"、"终于"解,可单独使用,后不接介词of;at the end of表示"在……末梢","到……尽头",既可指时间,也可以指地上或物体。不可单独使用;by the end of作"在……结束时","到……末为止"解,只能指时间。不可单独使用。如:
In the end they reached a place of safety./At the end of the road stands a beautiful garde n./They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week./by the end of last m onth he had finished the novel.
9、表示"关于"的about和on:两者都有"关于"的意思,不过前者为一般用词,而后者为较正式的"论述"。如:
He came to tell me about something important./He wrote a book on science.
10、between,among:一般说来,between表示两者之间,among用于三者或三者以上的中间。如:
You are to sit between your father and me./He is always happy among his classmates.
注意:但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西,如果强调的是两两相互间接关系,适用于between。如:Agreements were made between the different countries.在谈到一些事物或一组事物,而把它们视为分居两边时用between。如:
The little valley lies between high mountains.。在谈事物间的差别时,总是用between。如:They don't know the difference be tween wheat,oats and barley.
11、besides,except,but,except for:besides指"除了……还有,再加上"。如:
All went out besides me.;except指"除了,减去什么",不能放在句首。如:
All went out except me.;but与except意思近似,表示"除了……外"经常用在
no,all,nobody,anywhere,everything等和其他疑问词后面。如:
I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.;except for表示"如无……就,只是"表明理由细节。如:His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.
12、表示"用"的in和with:表示工具的"用",用with,而表示材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音等的"用",用in。如:
He is writing a letter with a pen./He wrote the letter in pencil./We measured it in pounds. /Read the text in a loud voice./Tell me the story in English.
13、in charge of和in the charge of:两者都表示"由谁负责、照顾、管理"。区别在于:in charge of后接被照管的人或物,而in the charge of后面则跟照管的人。如:
Who is in charge of the project?/The project is in the charge of an engineer.。
14、as,like:as作"作为"、"以……地位或身份"解。如:Let me speak to you as a father.(事实是父亲);like作"象……一样"解。如:Let me speak to you like a father.(事实上不是父亲)。
15、in front of和in the front of:in front of=before,是"在……前面"的意思(不在某