tess悲剧的原因 苔丝
造成苔丝悲剧的原因
造成苔丝悲剧的原因 《德伯家的苔丝》中的⼥主⼈公苔丝在她短暂的⼀⽣中追求幸福和爱,但是接连不断的不幸最终导致了她悲剧的结果。
今天店铺⼩编整理了导致苔丝悲剧的原因，希望对⼤家有所帮助！ 造成苔丝悲剧的原因1、⽗亲与家庭环境 她⽗亲是⼀个⼩⼈物，同时也是个⼩⼈。
孔⼦说君⼦固穷，⼩⼈穷斯滥矣。
⽤在他⾝上真是⼀点错也没有。
酗酒、⽆责任⼼、虚荣、懒惰导致原本贫困的家庭愈发贫困，得知⾃⼰有⼀个贵族的姓⽒之后变本加厉开始做起⽩⽇梦，逼迫苔丝去“远房亲戚”亚雷家做⼯希望能得到帮助。
母亲的软弱、弟妹的幼⼩⽆依都是将她推⼊“⽕坑”的推⼿。
贫穷是很⽆奈的事情。
她的⽗母不爱他吗?爱的。
只是因为⽣存环境、个⼈见识等原因导致他们见识短浅，且他们总要⽣存，她的家⼈也指望着她去做⼯挣来的钱⽣活，她没有任何别的办法，真是⼀点办法都没有。
所以即使明知那是⽕坑，她都不得不跳，更何况不知道。
这是她去亚雷家遇上亚雷的必然。
造成苔丝悲剧的原因2 、亚雷德伯 亚雷德伯是⼀个典型的恶⼈形象。
因有钱⽽有权，知道⾃⼰不会受到惩罚因⽽有恃⽆恐，从他第⼀次见苔丝他就没有隐藏⾃⼰的欲望和本性。
他的不择⼿段和有权有势以及不负责任是苔丝的第⼀次悲剧的必然。
⽽他的第⼆次出现更是导致了苔丝的悲剧性结局。
造成苔丝悲剧的原因3 、安吉尔克莱尔 克莱尔，牧师的⼩⼉⼦，热情、理想主义、绅⼠，使所有⼈⼼中的理想丈夫。
但是在我眼⾥，他才是导致苔丝悲剧的最重要的原因。
苔丝虽然受过⼀次伤害，可是她的内⼼依旧纯洁，并且在新的、友好的环境中，内⼼的创伤已经在慢慢愈合。
这个时候克莱尔出现了。
并对她展开了猛烈的攻势。
克莱尔对苔丝来说像是另⼀个世界上的⼈。
会关注她的想法，会为她吟诵诗歌，会为了扶她过河等在河边，甚⾄会不介意她以前的事情(她以为)。
她不可避免地爱上了他。
以为⾃⼰终于得到了神的眷顾。
然⽽打击来的快且彻底。
他在新婚之夜离她⽽去，以再不相见的架势去往巴西。
我若是苔丝，⼤概会想：“啊，我果然是不能得到幸福的。
苔丝悲剧的原因
The Causes of Tess's Tragedy1.social environmentAt the middle of the 19th century, Britain's flourishing capitalism deeply affected the country civilization. The individual farmers had trouble in losing jobs and poverty. Tess's family was one of these farmers. At that time, it was a male-dominated society, women had no right to get good education and work. Tess just did the low income and hard work. Also, women's rights had not been protected well. It's unfair of society to treat on Tess.2.family reasonHer father was excessive drinking all day. The only source of finance the old horse had been dead. And she had lots of little brothers and sisters to feed up. Life was so tough, she had no choice but to work for D'Urbervilles to make money. After her father's death, the landlord took the house back, in order to her family not become homeless, she chose to become Alec's mistress.3.personalityTess is a pure and beautiful country girl. She didn't have good education and read about novels. So she didn't know beau's libertine behavior. She was raped by Alec. She is responsible for the whole family to devote herself. However, she was obedient to these sufferings. The only once revolting behavior was to kill Alec.4.AlecAlec was the chief culprit of Tess's whole tragic life. At first, he raped her in the forest to bring about that she was pregnant. Tess chose to leave him and give birth to the baby, but the baby was dead when it was born. Because of tough life, Tess had to return back to him and become his mistress with the humiliation of him.5.Angel ClareWhen he fell in love with Tess, she became happy again and found the real meaning of life. When he gave up her, Tess lost the spirit life, she faced the reality without mental reaction. It's Clare's fault to return she back to Alec to suffer distress again. Sadly, Clare's back didn't make up for Tess's happiness, it deepened Tess's sufferings. Finally, she killed Alec to revenge..。
《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝的悲剧成因
《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝的悲剧成因《德伯家的苔丝》是英国作家托马斯·哈代的代表作之一，讲述了主人公苔丝·德比菲尔德从小到大的悲剧人生。
苔丝的悲剧成因在小说中得到了淋漓尽致的描写，主要包括社会环境的限制、家庭的束缚、爱情的挫折和命运的无情。
本文将从这四个方面来分析苔丝的悲剧成因。
家庭的束缚也是苔丝悲剧的一大成因。
苔丝出生在一个贫困的家庭，她没有父母的关爱，甚至没有人教她读写。
在这样的环境下，苔丝的成长受到了很大的影响，她没有得到正常的教育和家庭照料，从小就要独自面对困难和挑战。
在她迷失自己的道路上，她的家庭没有给予她足够的支持和关爱，甚至在关键时刻对她的决定不予支持，这对苔丝的心理造成了极大的伤害。
爱情的挫折是苔丝悲剧的又一个成因。
苔丝是一个追求真爱的女孩，她对爱情抱有美好的期待，但是现实的打击使她陷入了深深的挫折之中。
在小说中，苔丝经历了对安吉尔的爱情和对阿雷巴德的短暂婚姻，但是最终都没有得到幸福的结局。
安吉尔对苔丝的爱情是一种理想化的崇拜，他要求苔丝对他的忠诚和纯洁，但是却不能理解苔丝的处境和内心的真实情感。
而阿雷巴德只是想要利用苔丝来满足他的欲望和得到金钱，他对苔丝的感情是虚伪和自私的。
苔丝的爱情遭遇了很多的困难和挫折，最终使她陷入了孤独和绝望之中。
命运的无情也是苔丝悲剧的重要成因。
在小说中，苔丝的命运是多灾多难的，她从小就没有得到应有的关爱和保护，自己要努力奋斗才能生存。
遭受多种磨难和打击后，苔丝所受的伤害和痛苦是非常沉重的，她的人生充满了挣扎和不公平。
即使在当她终于找到了真爱和幸福的时候，命运的无情还是夺走了她的一切，使她最终走上了绝路。
在这个过程中，苔丝对命运的抗争以及最终的妥协，成为了她悲剧的最终注定。
苔丝的悲剧成因是多方面的，社会环境的限制、家庭的束缚、爱情的挫折和命运的无情都在不同程度上影响了苔丝的命运。
在这些因素的作用下，苔丝的人生悲剧最终成为了一种无法挽回的悲剧，给人留下了深刻的印象。
分析《苔丝》中的悲剧原因
托马斯.哈代是19世纪英国现实主义小说家，对资本主义文明的发展采取了坚决批判的立场，因此获得了“悲观主义者”的绰号。
作为一位人道主义作家，他认为人民的生活是悲惨的，民间人物的命运也是悲剧，而主人公的命运是人类命运的缩影。
他在作品中广泛使用的表现手法是对比描写法，这种方法具有种种不同的具体形式。
他的对比是多种层次和范围的：人和社会环境、人和大自然，人的粗暴的感情因素和理智因素，人的外貌和他的内心世界等。
特别是突出地反映了人物性格与自然环境的冲突以及人物与命运抗争的无奈和弱小，因此，他把自己的作品称为“性格与环境小说”，他认为性格和环境的冲突造成个性的毁灭。
这一特点集中体现在《德伯家的苔丝》（以下简称为《苔丝》）中，它作为哈代悲剧小说中的代表作，奠定了哈代悲剧作家的地位，为哈代赢得了杰出小说家的声誉。
《苔丝》中的悲剧原因主要有社会悲剧和性格悲剧、命运悲剧三个方面，三者融为一体，呈现出强大的立体感和层次感。
一、社会悲剧女性主义认为自从女性传统地位丧失以后，特别是人类文明进入工业化社会以后，妇女生活便进入父权主义一统天下的漫漫长夜。
女性作为男子的附属物和点缀物，其自然属性沦为被奴役的对象，女性被当作一个不完整的存在而遭到以男性为权力核心的社会的压迫。
她们在社会上找不到立足之地：她们为寻找自我和刻社会承认而付出的种种努力最终多以悲剧而告终。
在不同的社会层次和心理程度上沦为男权文化的牺牲品。
哈代的创作时期是一个充满变化、动荡的时期。
当时英国社会正经历着深刻的变化，由此而产生了各种尖锐的矛盾和危机。
《苔丝》反映了作者对当时一些最严峻的问题的关切和同情。
哈代在书中描绘了新兴的工业化和都市文明给古老、乡土的威塞克斯地区带来了冲击，揭露了禁锢众思想、强调贞洁、压抑妇女社会地位的虚伪道德。
主人公苔丝所受的压迫是双重的。
在自给自足的小家经济不能维持的条件下，她为了生活，不得不忍受农业资本家的剥削，并受到富家子弟的污辱。
苔丝悲剧的原因
苔丝悲剧的原因《苔丝》是托马斯·哈代的经典小说，也是一部引人深思的悲剧作品。
故事讲述了一个年轻的女性苔丝·厄伍德在逆境中的奋斗和追求幸福的故事。
然而，苔丝的悲剧命运让人感到惋惜和无奈。
那么，究竟是什么原因导致了苔丝悲剧的发生呢？在本文中，将深入探讨苔丝悲剧的原因。
首先，苔丝的社会地位是造成她悲剧的主要原因之一。
苔丝出生在一个贫穷的家庭，缺乏教育和社会地位。
她只是一个农村家庭的女孩，没有接受过良好的教育，也没有家族地位。
这使得苔丝在社会上处于弱势地位，面临着巨大的困境和不公正待遇。
她的社会地位决定了她在追求幸福时遭遇各种挫折和困难。
其次，苔丝的无法逃脱命运的悲剧也是导致她悲剧的重要原因。
无论苔丝如何努力，她似乎无法逃脱她的命运。
她的人生注定了要忍受痛苦和不幸。
与这种宿命论相对立的是她的坚持和勇气，她试图抵抗这个不公正的世界。
然而，在无情的命运面前，她最终被迫接受了自己的悲剧命运。
第三，苔丝的爱情观也是她悲剧的因素之一。
苔丝是一个浪漫而热情的女性，她对爱情怀有很高的期望和追求。
然而，她对爱情的理解和追求与社会的现实并不相符。
她对爱情的执着追求导致了她与多个男性产生关系。
尽管她真心地寻求幸福，但却在不断的失望和背叛中度过了她的一生。
最后，苔丝自身的矛盾性格也是造成她悲剧的原因之一。
苔丝是一个既温柔又坚强的女性。
她具有独立和坚定的性格，同时又充满柔情和敏感。
然而，这种矛盾的性格使得她在面对复杂的情感和人际关系时容易受伤害。
她内心的矛盾和自我折磨使她无法获得真正的幸福和满足。
综上所述，苔丝悲剧的原因是多方面的。
她的社会地位、命运的无情和她自身的矛盾性格相互交织，使得她在追求幸福的过程中陷入无边的痛苦和不幸。
《苔丝》这部小说通过苔丝的悲剧命运，让读者深切感受到了生活的无常和残酷。
正如哈代在小说中所表达的那样，我们无法掌控一切，有时候命运注定我们要承受痛苦和困难。
然而，苔丝也教会了我们坚强和勇敢地面对困境，追求自己的幸福。
苔丝悲剧的社会原因的解析
苔丝悲剧的社会原因的解析
苔丝悲剧的社会原因可以从以下几个方面进行解析：
1. 社会阶级制度：苔丝出身贫寒，属于社会最底层的农民阶层。
在维多利亚时代的英国，阶级固化非常严重，社会流动性较低。
她由于家庭贫困，没有得到良好的教育和机会，从而导致对社会底层人民的艰辛生活状况缺乏理解和同情。
2. 性别歧视问题：维多利亚时代的社会有着极为严格的性别角色划分和社会期望。
苔丝因为受到男性的欺骗，导致被社会所谴责和放逐，而男性却未受到类似的惩罚。
这揭示了当时社会对女性的双重标准和对性行为的严苛控制，女性在权力和自主权方面受到限制。
3. 宗教与道德观念：苔丝属于十九世纪英国中产阶级的家庭，受到宗教和道德观念的束缚。
她的初恋并婚外恋的行为与当时宗教与社会道德观念相悖，被视为道义败坏。
这种道德束缚使得她在社会中受到谴责和孤立。
4. 婚姻制度与女性地位：苔丝的婚姻被认为是社会地位和经济权益的重要途径，但她一直受到父权制的压迫，无法选择自己的婚姻。
她的丈夫漠视她的感受和需求，将她视为财产和工具，缺乏对她的尊重和爱护。
5. 教育与机会不平等：苔丝既没有接受到良好的教育，也没有获得发展的机会。
她想要改变命运，但被社会阶级制度和性别歧视所限制，无法摆脱贫困和压迫的局面。
这些社会原因导致苔丝在社会中面临巨大压力和困境，最终导致她生活的悲剧结局。
苔丝的故事反映了当时英国社会阶级制度、性别歧视和道德观念对个人命运和自由的限制。
苔丝的悲剧
苔丝的悲剧19上半叶英国在政治经济形态上发生剧烈变化。
18世纪末萌芽的工业革命在19世纪三十年代蓬勃发展。
1846年，Repeal of the Corn Laws颁布，成为农业劳动力下降和城市劳动力增长的标志。
英国思想界也同时发生着变化，大量文艺作品反映人类在巨变下迷茫的心态，作家都试图用作品解决人类处境变化带来的不确定感，比如Dickens。
在哈代的苔丝中，最突出的一对矛盾体就是代表旧封建贵族的Alec和新兴资产阶级的Angel。
奇特的是哈代并没将他们两者任何一方理想化，纯真美好的代表是Tess，并不代表两者的任何一个。
Tess是自然的产物。
Tess的悲剧便是哈代想要告诉我们的，自然之美在时时处于威胁之下而最终被摧毁。
作为典型的melodrama，其跌宕起伏的剧情让我大叹狗血，绝对可以上天涯头版直播了。
诱奸，丧失信仰，新婚夜的分手，Alec的重返，Angel的重返，杀情妇会丈夫…. 当年的小说都是这样一惊一乍，作为杂志的连载自然是要吸引眼球的嘛。
Tess每一个当下的决定看似合理，不料都为未来埋下危机。
她如此善良深情却始终得不到幸福。
值得注意的是，文中明显有一个全知的叙述者，没事就感叹：如果不咋的咋的，事情就会完全不同啊。
这种声音是哈代的典型叙述方式。
命运往往在瞬息之间被引入另一条道路。
Tess的悲剧原因之一就是，实在是没人配得上她，她的道德感太超越了。
就两个男人供他选，看似道貌岸然可在性格上都具有明显缺点。
不过两个善恶难辨的复杂个性增加了人物立体感和小说的艺术性。
两个人都号称喜欢Tess可关键时候就虚伪自私了。
这不禁让我扯远一下，也许女人本来就代表人类终极的道德准则吧。
女性的生育后代联系着未来世界，纯真的她们以无上的牺牲精神维持了物种的继续；而男性的生理决定他们永远摆脱不了现世的争夺资源和自我实现。
原因二便是自然法则下的命数。
哈代作为达尔文主义拥戴者鼓吹天定胜人的思想。
人类是多么渺小，还想抵抗Law of Nature么？自然在哈代笔下无情冷漠，决不以人的意志为转移。
tess悲剧的原因 苔丝
Chapter Three: The cause of Tess’s tragedy genera ted.Ⅰ. Social reason1.1 PovertyT he past century, Tess’s tragedy had move thousands of hund reds of people all over the world. T ess was beguiled and viola ted by a young landlord, Alec, then pregnancy, so that she w as deprived of receiving the authentic love so as to be discar ded by her husband, Angel, during the wedding night. Extrem ely having no alternative, she regained the Alec’s, but titular h usband was coming back from Brazil unawares and looking fo r her. For her authentic love, Tess killed Alec who devastated her life. After Tess just spending her last three-day-and-night’s happy time in her poor life with Angel, the gods had tinished their sport with Tess. The social background of this story was changing society at the turning point of feudalism to capitalis m when thousands of decayed peasants suffering. And the hu man factors here mainly concern two men—Alec and Angel. T hough the first two causes played an important role in Tess’s tragedy, Take root reason was the sex discrimination. The solution was to achieve the real equality of male and female, no matter in social status or financial situations. Surely this requir es the advancing of the society and human civilization.First, Tess’s tragedy was from society. The poor family backgr ound foreshadows tragedy. She was a victim under the interior circumstances. Necessarily, Desting of Tess was miserable in the collision between human and environment. Tess lived at t he era of victory the village was invaded and drugged by Eng lish capitalism. As a humble worker, Tess got all kinds of oppr essions and insults. Along with invasion of the capitalism, thos e farmers who were self-reliant for food and occupied few lan d, all had to ruin. The haggling business, which had mainly d epended on the horse, became disorganized forth with. Distres s, if not penury, loomed in the distance. In face of back again st wall, Tess had to cast herself on Alec for sustain her paren ts and kid-sister.1.2 Partial rolesNext, the partial role was an important reason of Tess’s trage dy. In the society of capitalism, the precondition of laws was t hat took care of the convenience of bloodsuckers and admitte d the power of bloodsuckers oppressed people, it served for the governor. As the plutocratic duck, Alec was preserved by t he law, but Tess was killed. It just explained the counteraction of the rules of capitalism, the under classes such as Tess ca n’t obtain just treatments.1.3Hypocritical religionAgain, the element that causes Tess’s tragedy was the hypocr itical religions, especially the hypocritical character was Alec. He was a capitalist and mushroom applied the business, and he was “a person of flesh”, he trapped Tess and used the Bi ble to bring the duty to push the body of Tess, but finally, he was a pastor that expostulated to show merge. About Alec, it struggled that very elevation was a misapplication, that to rase seemed to falsity.It was visible that the religions were only a instrument was used to anesthetize, deceive and fool workers by reactionary such as Marx said “Christianity brings illusine brand”, religions offered the theoretical gist for bourgeoisie ins ulted and disgraced women.1.4Deceptive moralityThe last one, Tess was a victim of the deceptive morality, Angel Clare, symbolizing spirit, though intelligent, are sensitive, “E arly association with country solitudes had bred in Clare an u nconquerable, and almost unreasonable, aversion to modern lif e, and shut him out from such success as he might have asp ired to by following a mundane calling in the impracticability of the spiritual one. But something had to be done, he had was ted many years, and having an acquaintance was starting on a thriving life as a colonial farmer, it occurred to Angel that th is might be a lead in the right direction. Farming either in the Colonies, America or at home---farming, at any rate, after be coming well qualified for the business by a careful apprentices hip---that was a vacation which would probably afford an indep endence without the sacrifice of what he valued even more th an a competency---intellectual liberty”. It was such as Marlene Springer Hardy’s used the author Thomas Hardy, he was not in an intellectual of Allusion sense, but in so far as instincts and emotions ruled. Although he was a enlightened intelligents ia, when he know the past of Tess, with all his attempted ind ependence of judge this advanced and well meaning young m an, a sample product of the last five-and -twenty years, was g et the slave to custom and conventionality when surprised bac k into his early teachings. There was one kind of deep-set ethics in his soul, he thought the positions are different, and the mores was different. He regarded whether she was pity in ligh t of conventional idea of virtue, he had no pity for Tess, it bro ught more distress and let Tess to return to Alec. The decepti ve morality with Angle pushed Tess to gulf.Ⅱ.Tess’s temperament2.1 Traditional ethics and hypocritical religion Second, according to the analysis, Tess’s weak pointed and e ven her noble qualities bring. Her disaster, she had dual temp erament. Firstly, she dared to against traditional ethics and hy pocritical religions, and the secondly, she couldn’t get rid of th e fetter of ethics for herself.Tess’s innocence and care for her family lead to the strange, her inexperience was one reason that she was seduced by Al ec and her spirit made her became Alec’s victim again, and T ess’s devotion to Angel deepened her tragedy, she felt too hu miliated to match Angel and she was too obsessed by Angel to see his defects.2.2 The ethicsTess was born in a boorish family, there was weakness when she against traditional ethics, because she had some old ethic s and the views of fate. She suffered persecutions from social public opinions, and she scaled herself in light of this ethic. This encompassment of her own characterization, based on sh reds of convention, peopled by phantoms and voices antipathe tic to her, was a sorry and mistaken creation of Tess’s fancy---a cloud of moral hobgoblins by which she was terrified witho ut reason. It was they that were out of harmony with the actu al world, not she. Walking among the sleeping birds in the he dges watching the skipping rabbits on a moonlit warren or sta nding under a pheasant---laden bough, she looked upon herse lf as a figure of Guilt intruding into the haunts of innocence. But all the while she was making a distinction where there wa s no difference. Feeling herself in antagonism she was quite i n accord. She had been made to break an accepted social la w, but no law known to the environment in which she shed h erself such an anomaly. She always used this moral toil to re strain herself, she didn’t forget her disgrace, she though she was a incarnation villainously, her opinion had historic basic, it was incorporation of the whole society. As character a term o f history，The main and action of Tess must be limited by era.。
《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝的悲剧成因
《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝的悲剧成因《德伯家的苔丝》是托马斯·哈代的著名小说，讲述了主人公苔丝从一个乡村女孩成长为一个经历种种挫折的女性的故事。
苔丝的悲剧成因深深触动着读者的心，下面我们就来探讨一下《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝的悲剧成因。
苔丝的出身就决定了她的命运。
苔丝出身于农村贫苦家庭，她的父亲是一个喜欢酗酒、爱赌博的农民，母亲则是一个柔弱无助的女人。
这样的家庭环境决定了苔丝从小便要承受很大的生活压力，她要照顾家务，照料家人，过着贫困困苦的生活。
这种贫困生活使得苔丝从小就缺乏了良好的教育和正常的成长环境，她的心灵和情感发展受到了很大的阻碍。
苔丝的纯真天性也成为她悲剧的原因之一。
苔丝自小在福利委员会的幼儿园长大，长大后成为给哈代家族做女佣的女仆。
她天真纯洁，善良善解人意，然而这样的性格却遭到了很多人的伤害。
她对世界的无邪与美好的向往和追求在酸雨一般的现实面前显得太过玻璃般脆弱，她最后因为对爱情的迷蒙与追求而陷入了深渊，最终走向了悲剧的终点。
苔丝的仁慈和善良也成为她悲剧的原因之一。
在故事中，苔丝对待他人总是满怀善意和同情心，她对家里的老大人失去了现实的希望，她对父亲的深情孝心，她对爱情的全部投入，她慈爱的对待哈代家族的儿童，都体现了她的善良与仁慈。
这样的善良和仁慈在那个物欲横流的年代却被人利用和践踏，她最终遭受的伤害也正是因为她过分的信任和仁慈。
苔丝的不甘沦为命运的牺牲品也使她走向了悲剧。
苔丝一直都对自己的命运抱有不甘，她并不愿意沦为一个普通的农村女孩，她对爱情有着美好的向往，对未来有着美好的憧憬，然而命运却对她一直并不友好，她不得不承受种种的被动和伤害，最终导致了她的身心崩溃。
苔丝身上的女性特质也成为她悲剧的原因之一。
在《德伯家的苔丝》中，苔丝展现出了女性的纯真、温柔、坚韧和牺牲，但这些美丽的品质却未能得到应有的尊重和保护。
在一个男权至上的社会，苔丝的女性身份注定了她只能成为被动的牺牲品，她的命运被男人的利益所左右，最终导致了她沦为悲剧的结局。
高人解析tess 苔丝
苔丝悲剧的原因也表现在世俗道德偏见的作弄以及伪善的宗教迫害。
苔丝生活在19 世纪80 年代,按世俗道德,妇女失去贞操就是不洁、不忠,所以一个女子失去贞操就只能与这个男子结合。
正是这样一种世俗道德使苔丝在被亚雷玷污后身心备受煎熬,即使是受过先进资产阶级进步思想教育过的克莱也未能摆脱世俗道德偏见。
苔丝在新婚之夜说出了自己未婚先孕的不幸往事,但未得到克莱的同情和原谅。
克莱认为她是“一个冒名顶替的骗子,一个伪装成纯洁少女的罪妇。
”莱最终抛弃了苔丝,使她再次陷入绝望之中。
可见世俗的偏见葬送了苔丝的爱情,也剥夺了苔丝追求爱情的权利。
社会普遍的道德观都是与宗教紧密联系在一起的。
资产阶级道德视她为伤风败俗的不洁的女人,而宗教思想的渗透也使苔丝本身承受了巨大的精神压力,使苔丝精神上一步步陷入悲剧的深渊。
苔丝思想上深受宗教教义影响,当她的私生子快要病死的时候,她想到的还是婴儿没有受过洗礼,死后无法升入天堂,因此急忙去牧师那里希望可以得到洗礼却被拒绝。
尽管苔丝因绝望而对宗教产生过质疑,但她始终无法摆脱宗教的阴影,不停地用宗教观念想像、解释、象征自己的不幸遭遇。
在她与克莱的关系上,也暴露出资产阶级婚姻制度和道德观念的虚伪和残暴。
品德败坏的资产者可以任意玩弄女性,但一切后果又都归罪于女性。
正如恩格斯所说:“凡在妇女方面被认为是犯罪并且要引起严重的法律后果和社会后果的一切,对于男人却认为是一光荣,至多也不过被当作可以欣然接受的道德上的小污点。
在资产阶级社会里,宗教只是反动统治阶级用以麻醉、欺骗和愚弄劳动人民的工具,道德与法律也只是维护和服务于上流阶层社会的。
T ess of the reasons for the tragedy but also in secular bias and moral hypocrisy of the religious persecution. Tess lives in 19 in the 1980s, according to secular ethics, women lose their virginity is dirty, infidelity, a woman can only lose virginity with this man on the combination. It is exactly such a secular morality that Tess in the Ya - lei been tarnished after the physical and psychological torment, even if progress is well advanced bourgeois ideological education Klein had failed to shake off the secular moral prejudices. Tess in the wedding night expressed their unwed pregnant unfortunate events of the past, but not Klein's sympathy and forgiveness. Klein that she was "a liar the identity of a girl disguised as a pure crime of UNIFEM." Levin eventually abandoned T ess, she once again into despair. Visibility secular bias resulted in the love Tess, Tess also deprived of the right to the pursuit of love. Society in general moral values and religion are closely linked. Bourgeois morality to corrupt public morals as her dirty woman, and the infiltration of religious ideology also Tess itself under severe psychological pressure so that the spirit of Tess step by step into the abyss of tragedy. Tess ideologically affected by religious doctrine, the illegitimate child when she died about the time she thinking about the baby have not received baptism, unable to ascend to heaven after death, rushed to the pastor baptized there can be hope was rejected. Although Tess of religion because of despair have been questioned, but she has never been able to shake off the shadow of religious goal to imagine with a religious concept, explained that the symbol of their unfortunate experience. In her relationship with Klein, has also revealed that bourgeois marriage and the moral values of hypocrisy and brutality. Moral corruption of the assets can be playing with women, but also all the consequences of all blame women. As Engels said: "Where women are considered serious crimes and to the legal consequences and socialconsequences for all, the men he considered it as a glorious, and at most can only be regarded as morally embrace of a small stain. in bourgeois society, religious reactionary ruling class is only for the anesthesia to cheat and fool the working people the tools, moral and legal only in the maintenance and service sectors of the upper reaches of society.苔丝在小说中露面时，家庭已经到了崩溃的边缘。
苔丝形象的分析与悲剧命运的解读
苔丝形象的分析与悲剧命运的解读苔丝（Tess）是英国作家托马斯·哈代的长篇小说《苔丝·达布维尔的命运》中的女主角，她的形象是该小说中的核心。
苔丝的命运揭示了一种无法逃避的悲剧，她的经历和性格展示了社会与命运的残酷真相。
通过对苔丝形象的深入分析，我们可以更好地理解和解读她的悲剧命运。
首先，苔丝是一个美丽而智慧的少女。
她从小生活在一个贫穷的农村家庭中，却有着非凡的美貌和聪明才智。
她的美貌与灵性使她成为时代的象征，吸引了许多男人的注意。
然而，正是这种美丽和智慧最终导致了苔丝的悲剧命运。
她的容貌成为了她的负累，社会对于外貌的偏见和对女性的歧视阻碍了她的发展和幸福。
其次，苔丝的个性特点也为她带来了悲剧。
她是一个善良纯洁，忠诚坚强的女性。
她对待感情真挚而执着，对待自己奋发向上，但却经常受到他人的伤害和背叛。
她的善良和纯洁让她成为了社会道德和观念的牺牲品，她所面对的是一个以男性为中心、价值观触碰的社会。
苔丝的悲剧命运还与她的家庭背景和社会环境有关。
她出生在一个卑贱的家庭，贫穷和社会地位使她缺乏基本的社会保障和资源。
她在成长过程中遭遇了许多困难和不公正待遇，这进一步削弱了她的信心和勇气。
最重要的是，苔丝的命运受到了性别歧视和社会规范的限制。
在当时的社会，女性的地位被严重压抑，他们缺乏独立和自由的权利。
这使得苔丝在情感和家庭选择上受到了强烈的束缚和控制。
她的痛苦和命运最终来自于对传统观念的局限，以及对女性价值的不公正评判。
通过对苔丝形象的深入分析，我们可以看到她的命运是社会的产物，她的遭遇是时代背景和社会制度的必然结果。
哈代通过苔丝的故事向读者展示了社会不公和性别歧视的严重性，揭示了个体与社会力量的悲剧冲突。
正是这种冲突和压迫最终导致了苔丝的悲剧命运。
通过这个悲剧命运的解读，我们可以更好地理解和思考自身所处的社会环境和命运。
苔丝的故事是一个警钟，提醒着我们对于社会不公和个体权利的关注。
我们应该努力争取平等和自由，不被社会压迫和规范束缚。
《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝的悲剧成因
《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝的悲剧成因《德伯家的苔丝》是托马斯·哈代创作的一部著名小说，讲述了苔丝的悲剧人生。
苔丝是一个可怜的女孩，她的悲剧成因主要包括社会地位、爱情和命运三个方面。
苔丝的社会地位造成了她的悲剧。
在19世纪的英国社会，贵族与平民之间的鸿沟非常明显，社会地位是人们命运的决定因素。
苔丝出生在一个贫困的家庭，她的父母没有多少社会地位，所以她从小就被注定了是一个社会底层的人。
由于家境贫困，她只能通过自己的努力和勤奋来改变自己的命运。
在当时的社会中，一个女性想要脱离贫困，并不是一件容易的事情。
苔丝凭借自己的聪明才智和勤奋，在一个大家族的农场工作，但最终仍无法脱离贫困的命运。
社会地位的局限性让她无法得到更好的生活，这也是她悲剧的一个重要原因。
爱情也是苔丝悲剧的原因之一。
在小说中，苔丝经历了三段爱情，每一段爱情都给她带来了不幸。
首先是她对安吉丽卡的爱慕，但由于自卑感和社会地位的差距，她并没有勇气表达自己的爱意。
接着是她与亨德利的婚姻，亨德利虽然对她表示出爱意，但最终却因为社会地位的不同而抛弃了她。
最后是她与亚历克斯·德伯的婚姻，亚历克斯的虚伪和自私，使苔丝陷入了更深的痛苦之中。
爱情的不顺和挫折，让苔丝陷入了绝望和痛苦之中，也成为她不幸的原因之一。
命运也是苔丝悲剧的原因之一。
在小说中，苔丝所面对的命运始终是不公平的。
她努力工作，勤奋学习，但最终还是被社会对她的偏见和对女性的不公平对待所限制。
她的一生中遭遇了太多的不公平和挫折，最终导致了她的悲剧命运。
在当时的社会中，一个普通女子很难摆脱社会对她的束缚，这也是苔丝命运不幸的原因之一。
苔丝的悲剧成因主要包括社会地位的限制、爱情的挫折和命运的不公平。
这些因素交织在一起，构成了她的悲剧命运。
《德伯家的苔丝》通过苔丝的悲剧故事，揭露了19世纪英国社会的黑暗面和对女性的不公平对待，也使得读者对于社会的不公和人性的冷酷有了更深刻的认识。
希望通过对这部小说的分析，我们能够更加珍惜现在的生活，并且在面对困难的时候坚定自己的信念和勇气，不让自己成为另一个苔丝。
《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝的悲剧成因
《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝的悲剧成因1. 引言1.1 苔丝的贫困家世苔丝生长在一个贫困的家庭中，家中经济拮据，生活困苦。
她的父亲鲍勃·斯特德利克是个酒精成瘾者，经常酗酒，无力扶养家庭。
苔丝的母亲也早逝，她从小就没有母爱的关怀。
贫困的家庭环境使得苔丝从小就学会独立生活，她不得不操劳家务，同时还要努力在贫困的环境下求学。
这种早熟的生活让苔丝在孩提时代就背负着沉重的责任，缺乏童年的快乐和无忧无虑。
贫困的家世让苔丝在成长过程中缺乏物质上的保障和精神上的支持，使得她心灵受到伤害，无法得到适当的疼爱和教育。
这种贫困家庭的环境让苔丝注定了一个不幸的命运，她没有选择权和足够的资源去改变自己的命运。
家庭的贫困成为了苔丝悲剧命运的开端，她在艰难的环境下成长，从小就背负着沉重的生活压力，这种贫困家世对于苔丝的悲剧命运产生了重大的影响。
1.2 苔丝的孤独成长苔丝的孤独成长始于她的童年时期。
她在一个贫困的家庭中长大，父母早逝，没有兄弟姐妹，更没有其他亲人照料。
这种家庭背景使得苔丝从小就学会了独立和坚强，但同时也埋下了她内心深处的孤独和无助之情。
在没有父母的指导下，苔丝不得不自己承担起家庭的重担，照顾家中的大小事务。
由于家庭的贫困，苔丝经常要去做农活来挣取微薄的饭食，这让她无法像其他同龄人一样接受正规的教育。
孤独的成长经历让苔丝无法体验到像样的童年时光，缺乏亲情的陪伴和指导，使得她的心灵长期处于空虚和孤独之中。
苔丝在孤独中长大，没有得到足够的关爱和教导，也没有人能够给予她温暖和安慰。
这种孤独成长的经历，成为了苔丝悲剧的导火索，使得她后来在生活中面对各种挫折和困难时，更加无助和无助。
苔丝的孤独成长是她悲剧成因中至关重要的一环。
2. 正文2.1 父亲的酗酒苔丝的父亲约翰·德伯是一个酗酒的人。
他是一个沉溺于酒精的农民，经常在醉酒后对家人施暴，给家庭带来了巨大的痛苦和困扰。
这种家庭环境使得苔丝从小就饱受父亲的虐待和家庭暴力的折磨。
浅析苔丝悲剧成因德伯家的苔丝中苔丝悲剧命运分析
浅析苔丝悲剧成因德伯家的苔丝中苔丝悲剧命运分析《德伯家的苔丝》是英国作家托马斯·哈代的长篇小说，讲述了一个苔丝从农村妇女晋升到富有绅士夫人再到堕入困境的悲剧命运。
苔丝的悲剧命运是由多重因素共同导致的，包括社会环境、家庭因素、个人选择等原因。
首先，社会环境是苔丝悲剧命运的重要因素之一、小说所描绘的时代背景是19世纪末的英国乡村社会，以农业为主导的封建社会仍然占主导地位。
在这个社会中，贫富悬殊极大，社会地位固化，阶级观念深入人心。
苔丝从小生活在贫困的农村环境中，没有机会上升到更高的社会阶层。
她自小就懂得读书，渴望通过知识改变自己的命运，但社会环境限制了她的发展空间，使她很难摆脱贫困窘境。
其次，家庭因素也对苔丝的命运产生了重要影响。
苔丝生活在一个家境贫寒的家庭中，父亲是一个喜欢饮酒的懒散农民，母亲早逝，家庭缺乏温暖和支持。
父亲对苔丝的关心不够，甚至觉得她是家庭的负担。
在这样的家庭环境中，苔丝从小就缺乏爱和安全感，导致她内心孤独、渴望得到他人的关注和认可。
此外，苔丝自身的个人选择也是她悲剧命运的重要原因。
小说中，苔丝为了改变自己的命运，勇敢地离开了家乡，寻找更好的生活。
然而，在她寻求幸福的过程中，她犯了几个致命的错误。
首先，她的纯真和孤独使她容易受到他人的诱惑和欺骗。
她先后爱上了两个男子-亚历克斯和安吉尔，但两者都不能给她真正的幸福。
苔丝对于自己的爱情选择没有足够的明智，很容易被情感左右，导致了她在这段感情中的痛苦和破碎。
总之，苔丝悲剧命运的成因是多方面的。
社会环境的限制、家庭的贫困和个人的选择错误都为她的悲剧埋下了伏笔。
苔丝的命运警示我们，社会环境和家庭因素对个人的发展和幸福有着重要的影响，但个人选择和决策也是至关重要的，我们应该警惕自己在人生的道路上的选择，并尽力避免重蹈苔丝的覆辙。
《德伯家的苔丝》中造成苔丝悲剧的原因本科毕业论文
毕业论文《德伯家的苔丝》中造成苔丝悲剧的原因学位申请人姓名学号所在学院名称外国语学院专业名称英语教育指导教师姓名指导教师职称目录中文摘要关键词 (i)英文摘要关键词 (ii)一、绪论 (1)二、作家及作品介绍 (1)（一）作家简介 (2)（二）作品概述 (3)三、《德伯家的苔丝》造成苔丝悲剧的原因 (4)（一）客观社会的原因 (4)1.社会环境因素 (5)2.传统道德因素 (5)3.虚伪的宗教 (6)4.家庭原因 (8)（二）性格原因 (9)1.亚雷和安吉尔的性格 (9)2.苔丝的性格 (10)四、结论 (11)参考文献《德伯家的苔丝》中造成苔丝悲剧的原因张梦盈外国语学院英语教育河南新乡 453600摘要: 托马斯.哈代的小说《德伯家的苔丝》是一部英国上同时也是世界上经典的小说。
该小说主要讲述了一个美丽纯真的少女失身后悲惨的命运。
文章通过对小说中社会环境的描写，再从人物性格和当时的宗教原因着手，由此揭露出苔丝悲惨的命运是那个社会所造成的，是一个时代思想，传统，秩序的局限所造成的结果。
除此之外,这与她自身性格的弱点也是分不开的，因为她对命运有着反抗的一面也有妥协的一面。
这篇论文讲的就是造成苔丝悲剧的原因。
关键词：悲剧；社会环境原因；性格特征；道德。
Causes of tragedy of Tess in Tess the D’Urbervilles Zhang mengying English Education Faculty of Foreign Languages Xinxiang Henan453600Abstract:Thomas Hardy’s novel，Tess of the D’ Urbervilles is a great classic work in England as well as in the world. This novel describes a tragic life about one beautiful and pure girl after disgrace. The article describes the society environment, then begins to analysis of characters’ personality and religion factors open out at that time. Tess’s tragic life is caused by that society and it’s the result of that time. Tess’s tragic life is caused by that society environment and it’s the result of that time. Except this, it can’t be separated from her own weakness in character, bec ause she obviously has the dual nature of the society character---resistance and compromise.Key words ：tragedy; Social environment causes; Character; Moral.一、绪论托马斯·哈代是19世纪英国著名的批判现实主义作家，他在小说和诗歌领域里均取得了杰出的成就，但让广大读者记住哈代的还是他写的小说。
《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝的悲剧成因
《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝的悲剧成因《德伯家的苔丝》是英国著名作家托马斯·哈代的代表作之一，讲述了一个贫苦家庭的女孩苔丝在追寻自由和幸福的过程中遭遇的一系列悲剧。
苔丝的悲剧成因可以从多个方面来分析。
一是社会背景。
小说所描写的时代是十九世纪末的英国，当时的社会阶级分化非常严重，贫富的差距极大。
贫苦的苔丝身处于社会的最底层，受到社会的歧视和压迫，无法改变自己的命运。
她的出生就注定了她只能在社会的边缘挣扎生存，而且在如此恶劣的生存环境中，她的个性更加沉稳，容易忍耐，这又使得她更加容易受到他人的欺负和摆布。
二是家庭环境。
苔丝出生在一个贫困的家庭中，家庭的经济状况极度不稳定。
尤其是她的父亲常常沉溺于酒精中难以自拔，无力承担家庭的生活开支，这使得苔丝一家人的生活非常艰难。
而苔丝的母亲则是个痴心妄想的人，她希望通过苔丝的美貌可以让她改善家庭的经济状况，不断推销她去打工，甚至连婚姻都可以拿出去买卖。
这种家庭环境使苔丝倍感无助和无奈，无论走到哪里都感觉像是处于一个囚笼之中。
三是感情生活。
苔丝在感情生活中的悲剧也是非常显著的。
虽然她在德伯府度过了一段幸福的时光，看到了希望，但她还是无法迎来自己真正的幸福。
原因在于，苔丝爱上了犹太人阿伯拉罕·西姆童子，而这种跨越阶级和文化的恋情在当时的社会是不被允许的。
阿伯拉罕·西姆童子身为犹太人，他的身份和传统经历使得这场恋情注定不会成功。
而苔丝的自尊心又使得她不愿意妥协，最终导致她失去了爱情和自由。
总之，苔丝的悲剧成因来源复杂且多方面，反映了十九世纪英国社会阶级分化的严重现状，也反映了当时社会对于自由和平等的缺乏认知。
托马斯·哈代通过塑造苔丝这一角色，揭示了当时社会的阴暗面，同时也引起了人们对于社会公正和人权的思考和关注。
苔丝悲剧产生原因浅析
这就给了亚历克又一次得到苔丝的机会。而此时安吉尔
已离去了一年多。苔丝肯定安吉尔不会再回来了，就嫁给 了亚历克，因为他富有，可以帮助她的家人，而亚历克也 给了苔丝家人房子和金钱，并让苔丝和自己一起住，这对． 于苔丝一家可谓是雪中送炭。但就在安吉尔回来时。一切 都太晚了。因此．经济上的贫困和苔丝德悲剧也有着千丝 万缕的联系。 三、其他人的影响 苔丝悲剧产生的原因是多方面的．而且以不同的方 式影响着她。苔丝身边的人也有意识地导致了这一悲剧 的产生。虽然小说中描述的是天真的苔丝因为作出错误
苔丝悲剧产生原因浅析
王军辉
（平顶山学院，河南平顶山４６７０００） 摘 要：《德伯家的苔丝》中的女主人公苔丝在她短 暂的一生中追求幸福和爱。但是接连不断的不幸最终导 致了她悲剧的结果。这篇文章从四个方面分析苔丝悲剧
产生的原因：社会的影响。其他人物的影响．她自身性格
的影响，以及巧合的影响。亚历克的邪恶、安吉儿的动摇、 苔丝父亲的虚荣、母亲的贪婪都是苔丝悲剧的原因。我们
了亚历克的情人．虽然她极度地不情愿。 因为父亲是家庭的支柱，父亲的死使家人无依无靠，
顺从与骄傲。苔丝是个很有魅力的女人，她憧憬爱情 并与安吉尔一见钟情．但她从来没有想过通过婚姻来提 高自己的社会地位．虽然亚历克很富有，但她却不想成为 亚历克的爱人。如果她尝试接受亚历克，或许她能过富裕 舒适的生活。
在苔丝的儿子死后．她在农场找了份挤奶的工作，她 要对家人负责。在家中的老马死后，苔丝没有选择去贵族
不能轻易把苔丝的悲剧归结于命运。在某种程度上，苔丝
代表着十九世纪晚期英国农业工人角色的变化。 关键词：《德伯家的苔丝》苔丝悲剧原因 苔丝是一个贫穷的小贩的女儿。当这个小贩无意间 听说自己是有名望的德伯家的后代时，就把女儿送去认 亲，在那里，年轻的亚历克引诱了苔丝使她怀了孕。在孩
《徳伯家的苔丝》中苔丝的悲剧分析 Analysis of Tess's Tragedy in Tess of D'Urbervilles
摘要托马斯·哈代曾一度被评论家誉为“英国小说中的莎士比亚”。
他用史诗般的文字描绘了贫穷的农家女子苔丝短促而不幸的一生。
苔丝是一个贫穷农民的女儿，她的父亲获悉自己本是骑士世家徳伯家的嫡系子孙，于是便派苔丝去附近一个富户徳伯家认本家，从而遭遇到亚力克的引诱，而失身。
苔丝回家后生下一个孩子，不久后夭折。
在农场做工的时候，他遇到了安吉尔——一个牧师的儿子，两个人很快坠入爱河并且订了婚，新婚之夜，苔丝向安吉尔坦白了自己的遭遇，可是，安吉尔却未能原谅她，反而离开了她。
后来，贫穷再一次迫使苔丝回到亚力克身边。
于是悲剧发生了。
苔丝的悲剧不仅是社会的悲剧，同时也是性格的悲剧，她的悲剧不仅是客观的，更是主观的。
苔丝是资产阶级社会和资本主义入侵农村的受害者。
导致主人公苔丝悲惨命运的原因是多方面的，如家庭、社会、宗教、不公平的法律、传统的伦理道德及自身弱点。
关键词:《徳伯家的苔丝》；悲剧；原因；性格AbstractThomas Hardy was once called ―Shakespeare in British novel.‖He described poor Tess short and unfortunate life in an epic way. Tess, a daughter of villager who discovered that he was the descendant of an ancient family D‘Urbervilles, was persuaded by her parents to claim kindred with a more prosperous D‘Urbervilles and was seduced by the master Alec. Then she had to return home in disgrace. After back home, she delieved a child who died soon after born. Then she meets Angel Clare, son of a clergyman, and she falls in love with him and married him. On their wedding night Tess and Angel tell each other about their own past. Angel who gets the hypocritical morality deserts her seduction by Alec; then poverty makes her come back to Alec again and the tragedy happens. The tragedy of Tess is an individual one as well as a social one. Tess is the victim of the bourgeois society and the capitalist invasion into the English peasantry.Key W ords:Tess of D’Urbervilles; tragedy; cause; characterContents摘要 (i)Abstract (ii)Contents (iii)1 Introduction (1)2 Analysis of the Character Causes of Tess‘s Tragedy (2)2.1 Analysis of Self-factor in Tess‘s Tragedy (3)2.1.1 Analysis of Tess‘s Family (4)2.1.2 Analysis of Tess‘s Resistance (7)2.1.3 Analysis of Tess‘s Com promise (7)2.2 Analysis of Alec and Clare‘s Character Causes of Tess‘s Tragedy (8)2.2.1 Analysis of Alec‘s Character (8)2.2.2 Analysis of Clare‘s Character (9)3 Analysis of the Social and Environmental Causes in Tess‘s Tragedy (11)3.1 Hypocritical Capitalism Moral‘s View and Unequal Legal System (11)3.2 Impoverishment and Decay of Small Farmers (11)3.3 The Male Factor in Tess‘s Tragedy (12)4 Conclusion (14)References (15)Acknowledgements (16)1 IntroductionTess of the D’Urbervilles, the greatest novel of British famous writer Thomas Hardy (1840-1928) describes the misfortunate life of a poor peasant girl Tess.Hardy is famous for novels of character and environment. His birthplace was in a country which named Egdon in the Westland; this natural environment formed the main environment in the Hardy‘s writes. His father was a stonecutter, but like music. His parents paid more attention on Hardy‘s education. In his childhood, he received the education for theology but when he grew up, he turned to learn the literature. Hardy left school became an architect apprentice in 1856. And then he went to London and became a post of the building draftsman in 1862, also in this time he took advanced courses for language in London University and began literature creation. His literature career began with poetry. His first long novel was published in 1871, the celebrated work was his fourth novel Farm from Madding Crowd in the 1874. From then on and he dropped construction industry and devoted to the novel creation.From the late nineteen century, Thomas Hardy and his works have always been the important topics of the criticism for a long time. After the Second World War, with the development of modern literary criticism, different critics interpret Tess of the D’Urbervilles and Thomas Hardy‘s other novels from various perspectives. For instance, Professor Webster begins wit h a discussion of Hardy‘s intentions in writing Tess. According to his views, Tess of the D’Urbervilles is a contribution to Hardy‘s war against man‘s inhumanit y, While Amold Kettle takes a different point of view. For him, the subject of Tess of the D’Urb ervilles is not the tragedy of a ―pure woman‖ but rather the destruction of the English peasantry. Mr. Kettle considers it as a complete as a social novel.Tess of D’Urbervilles describes a tragic life about one beautiful and pure girl after disgrace. Tess was a poor peasant girl. At the beginning of the works we know Tess replaces her father to take the load of beehives herself to the retailers in Casterbridge for the Saturday market. On the way, a mail cart runs into her wagon and kills the horse. The encounter gets her family into the trap. For the benefit to her family, Tess tries to struggle with the bitter fate,Feeling guilty of indulgence in the outside pleasure without helping her mother. After May-Day dance, Tess hurries home to deal with the homework. Though Tess does things for her family and makes sacrifices. She still can‘t escape the tie of fate. Sent by her mother to claim kindred with a more prosperous branch of the D‘Urbervilles family, she was seduced by the young master of the house, Alec and had to return home in disgrace. After giving birth to a child who died in infancy, she went to work as wage-laborer at a daisy farm Talbothays. There she met Angel Clare, a son of clergyman and he felled in love with her and married her.On the wedding night, Tess and Clare told each other about their pasts, and Clare, after hearing Tess‘s confession left her abruptly for Brazil. Poverty forced Tess to seek for work for a long time at a capitalist farm at Flint comb-Ash where she was insulted and oppressed by the master. Then the news of her father‘s death and the expulsion of her family from their cottage drive her to seek for assistance from Alec, and the latter, now a preacher, soon resumes his former illicit relation with her. In the end, when Clare finally came to tell her that he had forgiven her and he still loved her. Tess was bitterly unhappy. She hated Alec because one again he had been the cause of her husband‘s reputation of her, Feeling that she played a most inglorious part and she would be happy if Alec was dead, in addition, Alec said many bad words to satirize her. She stabbed him as he slept. Then she ran out of the houses and followed Angel. They had a few happy days together. Living with the husband she truly loved, she was ready for her punishment.In this novel, we can see that Tess resisted her unjust fate again and again, yet still to be destroyed. We cannot help but feel the intense emotions of pity and fear. At the same time we deeply feel that her tragedy is inevitable. The cause of her tragedy has always been the concern of the Victoria times, such a beautiful, noble and pure woman as Tess should suffer inevitable ruin. What leads to her tragic destiny? What killed her? In the paper, I try to show the various causes of Tess‘s tra gedy on the base of some early researches and to prove the inevitability of Tess‘s tragedy.2 Analysis of the Character Causes of T ess’s T ragedyThis story describes the miserable experience of a rural girl. But too unfortunate to overthrow this girl who calls Tess, she relies on her own hands to work, moving people with her own sincerity. She is ―a pure woman‖. Finally she winds up with the tragedy, which is why people often discuss her as the source of the tragedy. She was fighting against the society, the hypocritical religion. She has shown in front of common people her own practical action that she is insulted, which indicates a resisting powerful woman‘s images.2.1 Analysis of Self-factor in T ess’s TragedyTess‘s tragedy not only results from t he external causes but also from the internal ones. And only through the internal causes, the external causes become operative. The tragedy that results from the conflict between man and her self is the tragedy of character. Tess‘s tragedy is the tragedy of character. On one hand, Tess struggles bravely against her destiny and the conventional morality. She desires for happiness and true love. On the other hand, she cannot completely get rid of social conventions and moral standards of the day, which makes her believe that she has to pay for what she has sinned. She yields to the arrangement of the fate (Ackerman, 1996: 49). The latter is the weakness in her character.When Tess falls in love with angel Clare, she still cannot get rid of her sense of guilt. ―Her love for him acts to blot out the memories of the past in her, but she is always aware that her forgetfulness is only temporary, that the doubts, fears, and shame were only waiting like wolves just outside the light. One night, when the two of them were sitting indoor, she suddenly exclaims that she is not worthy of him.‖ (Hardy, 1993: 189) After their wedding ceremony, Tess is sad by the time they come back to the farm. She is tortured by guilt. She asks herself, if she has any right to be Mrs. Angel C lare. Tess‘s deep sense of guilt makes her submit to Angel‘s maltreatment without resistance, thinking she deserves it. Undoubtedly, this kind of character helps to make external causes operative (Xu, 2007: 80).This is the first point about her character. The second is her purity which can be reflected in two aspects.First, there is not any trace of vanity in her behavior. Although her parents are benighted and her family is poor, Tess still keeps the working people‘s virtue. She detects her parent‘commonplace words and deeds, despises noble origin and considers herself the daughter of villager, she says:“Pooh-I have much of mother as father in! All my prettiness comes and I was only a dairymaid .‖ (Chapter , 103)The second aspect is Tess‘s honesty. Al though she is seduced by Alec, she is not willing to become his plaything and leaves him resolutely. When Alec lures her with money, Tess is describe like that:Her lips lifted slightly, though there was little scorn as a rule in her large and impulsive na ture. ―I have said I will not take anything more from you, and I will not-I can not! I should be your creature to go on doing that: and I won‘t!‖ (chapter12. 78)Although in the bourgeois society, the moral standard for man and woman is very different; Tes s‘s faithful love to Angel and her honesty still make her confess her relation with Alec to Angel:“Tess, say it is not true? No, it is not true!‖“It‘s true..“Every word ?‖“Every word‖(chapter36, 239)In the novel, Tess is portrayed as a brave girl, hard –working and sweet- natured and innocent, yet she is free from the influence of social conventions and moral standards of the day. Her purity obviously is not welcomed by the bourgeois society.2.1.1 Analysis of Tess’s FamilyTess is the daughter of a very poor villager. Her parents are very benighted. When her father finds he is the descendent of an ancient aristocratic family, D‘Urbervilles, he is immensely proud of himself although there is nothing valuable left in his hand. He even goes to hotel and drinks very much until Tess and her mother come to look for him. When Tess and her mother support his arms to go back home, there is such description:On reaching the fresh air he was sufficiently unsteady to incline the row if three at one moment as if they were marching to London and at another as if they were marching to Bath-with produced a comical effect, frequent enough in families on nocturnal home goings;and, like most comical effects, not quite so comic after all. The two women valiantly disguised there forced excursions and countermarches as well as they could from themselves: and so they approached by degrees their own door the head of the family bursting suddenly into his former refrain as he drew near; as if to fortify his soul at sight of the smallness of his present residence: (Liu, 2007: 103)“I‘ve got a family vault at Kings beer!‖ (chapter4,23)“Hush-don‘t be so silly, Jack,‖ Said his wife, ―Yours is not the only family that was of count in world days. Look at the Anktells, and Horseys, and the Thringhams themselves gone to seed almost as much as you-though you was bigger folks than they, that‘s true. Thank God, I was never of no family, and have nothing to be ashamed of in that way!‖“Don‘t you be so sure of that. From your father ‗tis my belief you‘ve disgraced yourselves more than any of us, and week kings and queens outright at one time.‖Tess turned the subject by saying what was far more prominent in her own mind at the moment than thoughts of her ancestry-“I‘m afraid father won‘t be a ble to take the journey with the beehives tomorrow so early.‖“I? I shall be all right in an hour or two.‖ said Durbeyfield (chapter4, 24).From their conversation and the description of Durbeyfield‘s drunkenness, we can see the foolishness of Tess‘s paren ts, and of course, which is mainly caused by poverty. The author Hardy takes some very humorous words to describe their bitterness caused by poverty.All these young souls were passengers in the Durbeyfield ship-entirely dependent on the judgment of the Durbeyfield adults for their pleasures, their necessities, their health, their existence. If the heads of the Durbeyfield‘s household chose to sail into difficulty, disaster, starvation, disease, degradation, death, thither were these half dozen little captives under hatches compelled to sail with them-six helpless creatures who had never been asked if they wished for life on any terms, much less if they wished for it on such hard conditions as were involved being of the shiftless house of Durbeyfield (Chapter3, 18)Under the great poverty, Tess‘s parents become more and more apathetic and vulgar. When they have a more prosperous relative, what they have in mind is to ask Tess to claim kindred with Alec. Tess isn‘t willing to go, but she has no idea about her family‘s poverty. Onthe day when she is going to visit Alec there‘s such a conversation in her family;Her mother expostulated, ―Y ou will never set out to; see your folks without dressing up more than dand that?‖ (chapter7,44)“But, I am going to work!‖ s aid Tess.“Well, yes,‖ said Mrs. Durbeyfield, and in a private tone, ―at first there mid be a little pretence, but I think it will be wiser of‘ee to put your best side outward,‖ she added.“V ery well; I suppose you know best,‖ replied Tess with calm abando nment.And to please her parents the girl put herself quite in Joan hands, saying serenely ―Do what you like with me, mother.‖ (chapter7, 44)Along these lines, we can see a very apathetic father and a vulgar mother, and also a pure girl who is weak and in competent. Why Tess‘s family, but also in many families, especially peasants.Her family, started early in the story broken broken up by six or seven years ago. As writers and issued by emotion in the book as ―Norman‘s blood, not Victoria-dynasty‘s wealth as an aid, and what of it!‖ dignitaries of origin did not bring any benefits to Tess, her tragedy is Thus began. They are farmers and the general difficulties of life Bitter. Her father is a lazy hearts softened, and he not only own, ignoring the others, and too alcoholic. Her mother is just a superficial of the laity, not so much a mother as she said she is a bog boy. However, the parents of these two incompetent but has seven children. Therefore, the heavy burden of the family will keep pressure on the shoulders of Tess. Tess is so in love with her sisters and brothers that she could not bear to see them live in destitution among. As a result, her has been decided that-sooner or later tragedy, but it may be in a different way. In order to show off their so-called ―elite‖status and to meet the humble vanity, delusion by Tess‘s parents, ―claiming kin,‖―marriage‖approach to enhance their own status. Although Tess hate the hypocrisy of their parents, despised noble origin, insisting that they are women and farmers. She is to live on their own work, but she is the boss at home, Her parents can make a heavy family burden without premature drop on shoulder. Tess reluctantly ordered the mother to comply with the counterfeit money to defect to his family. Vices o f the victim and the ritual became a sinner. Later ,she uprooted from their homes for their families, everywhere scoop Park, suffered a lot, when in the dead end. Or for the family, go back to Alec side.2.1.2 Analysis of Tess’s ResistanceTreat with the bad young man Alec. Tess revolts constantly. Although she became a disgrace woman, she always holds an inviolable attitude to Alec. She dropped originally may enjoy easy and comfortable life, fostered the child lonely. Periphery discriminates the judgment has not certainly frightened her; she silently endured the unfair in the life. Although life gave her only attack and disaster, she all can tenaciously endure and undertake and never set the excessive request to the life. The second time Tess meet Alec just her lives in the most difficult time. Faced every enticement of Alec, she basic remains unmoved, Tess was not willing to compromise.However, disaster arrived. Tess‘s father died and her family was expelled from the village. Tess entrusted the body once again to Alec in order to get her mother and little brother and sisters a place to live, but anti-makes in light of this had not ended, submits is only temporary. In the end, when Clare finally came to tell her that he had forgiven her and he still loved her. Tess was bitterly unhappy. She now hated Alec because once again he had been the cause of her husband‘s repudiation of her. Feeling that she played a most inglorious part and she would be happy if Alec was dead, in addition, Alec said many bad words to satirize her. She used a knife killed Alec; this is inevitable result of her innermost feelings revolt. Tess had the ending of violent resistance to evil just her character to a higher level.2.1.3 Analysis of Tess’s CompromiseThe other side of Tess‘s social character is resigned to bad conditions. Tess adopts completely another kind of manner to treat Clare. The relationship between lovers should be equal, but Tess constantly disparages herself and raises Clare. At the beginning of love ―she loves he e xtremely, she looks he as the god.‖ (Thomas Hard, 261)“To her sublime trustfulness he was all that goodness could be – knew all that a guide, philosopher, and friend should know. She thought every line in the contour of his person the perfection of mascul ine beauty, his soul the soul of a saint, his intellect that of a seer……The compassion of his love for her, as she saw it, made her lift up her heart to him in devotion.‖ (Thomas Hardy, 276)This is a love which how strong is blazing actually acts sterilely. In front of love, Tesshas lost herself, has lost the dignity. Just this kind of blind, unequal love make Tess dropped the happy right as a wife, deepened her tragedy.Tess write a confession letter to Clare before married, and then tell her ―crime‖, bu t Clare is the traditional morals defender of traditional moral principles, his ―new mind‖ demand Tess gives forgiveness and tolerant for his profligate behavior in the past. Tess has done, but the tragic past of Tess, actually cannot obtain Clare repays-like the intolerance. Tess has not done revolts slightly face Clare heartless abandonment. Oppositely, she said: ―I certainly like a low pitiful slave of yours, absolute obeys you. If you ask me not to be able to fall to the ground, suicide killed, and I do not violate you.‖ (Thomas Hardy,352) Clare cruel-heartedly leaves; Tess never reduces her love to Clare. A passionate letter actually cannot call Clare‘s ice-cold heart. In the end, when Clare finally came to her that he had forgiven her and he still loved her. Tess was bitterly unhappy. She now hated Alec because once again he had been the cause of her husband‘s repudiation of her.2.2 Analysis of Alec and Clare’s Character Causes of T ess’s TragedyIn this novel to male leading character‘s description ha s reflected at that time the capitalist society darkness and false capitalism morals view. People‘s character also takes a very important part. In this novel, the writer though the environment to describe Tess‘s tragic fate, but the other reasons caused th is result is people‘s character, Alec and Clare are very closely to Tess fate.2.2.1 Analysis of Alec’s CharacterAlec is the emerging bourgeoisie‘s representatives; he is representing the bourgeois society‘s authority, the wealth and the evil, Tess‘s tra gic life reason to him. His father is a rich merchant, but after crown by aristocrat D‘Urbervilles surname. This young man lay on his father‘s money and power dominates the native place. When he meets Tess, the dissolute lascivious countenance is completely unmasked; he supposes the snare that destroyed young girl‘s pure and chaste and the life happiness. Harmed others to benefit him, resorts to all means to satisfy own absurd fleshly desires, and not only displayed the countryside landlord class‘s essentia l characteristic, but also manifested the property realistic characteristic.Although afterwards he changed in old pastor Clare help next evilly reforms, however, several dozens years abuse eradicates by no means. When he meets Tess‘s family is in has no h ome. It can be said, Tess‘s life is the might and the violence victim which the Alec thunder represents.2.2.2 Analysis of Clare’s CharacterIf someone says Alec representative‘s evil force is the direct reason to cause Tess‘s tragedy, then the traditional ethics morality survives on Angel Clare devastates to Tess is one kind invisible, the more fearful spirit injures. Angel Clare is a complex artistic image. On his body, not only has the certain enlightened thought, but also is retaining the traditional moral prejudice. Although he born in a pastor family, not willing to be a pastor ―serves for God‖, he is willing to work at farming, ―serves for the metropolis lively life, he wants to go the country to do the arduous physical labor as those farmers, tries hard to grasp each kind of class the agricultural technology. In nature bosom, he feels the village life is simple and in the love question, he mild-mannered and cultivate, serious and earnest, pay more attention on emotion, all of these are different with Alec. This explanations he was the Bourgeois intellectuals who has the free thought at that time, but he departs from to this social class also is extremely limited, He will be engaged in the agricultural production the goal is for later to be a large landed estate. He not only as soon as starts to recognize Tess could be a good steward in the future, the most important is he love Tess not like her to love his such selfless and sincere. In his eyes, Tess is ―nature ‗s new born daughter‖, however, once she confessed the insult to him which receive, then on his body preserves the inherent morals have strangled in his heart the real sentiment. Although he also have had the profligate behavior, and obtained Tess ‗s forgiving, but actually is not willing to for give originally innocent Tess. This indicated his heart‘s core traditional morals ethics idea ingrained , he regards a woman from traditional chastity view to be chaste or not, this has given Tess by devastating attack. If we say because the Alec thunder ferocious adversary caused the desire and the future hope of her live.Then, Clare to her abandonment, said in some kind of degree, then has destroyed her spiritual prop (because Tess really loves him).Thus, his return caused her to feel the humiliation which own received, thus caused its pain, the lamentation; to despair has achievedthe apex. Her finally killed Alec, not only must prove own helpless, simultaneously also are must to the person which loves prove own innocent.From this, I may say that, is pr ecisely by Alec representative‘s evil force and Clare himself preserves the traditional ethics morality, together pushed Tess to the tragic abyss.3Analysis of the Social and Environmental Causes inTess’s TragedyIn this novel, Hardy emphasizes the real istic cause of Tess‘s tragedy, including the disintergration of English peasantry and the hypocritical morality of bourgeois society. Throughout the novel, we get the impression that the tragedy of Tess is made by the imposed fate, including the hypocritical morality of that time, rather than Fate and Chance. Tess cannot escape her tragic fate unless she escapes from the society. In fact, Tess‘s tragedy is shared by most of the poor peasants.3.1 Hypocritical Capitalism Moral View and Unequal Legal SystemTess was lived in the Victorian era when capitalism invaded the rural England. She was a hardworking, kind-hearted, intelligent and beautiful girl; but regarded as a laborer, a man of poor agricultural workers, she has low social status that naturally will received oppression and humiliation in the capitalist society. By analyzing this novel we can know that in Victoria time, Tess‘s tragedy was due to social morals root. In the capitalist society, legal regime and moral outlook all maintains the exploiting class oppresses people‘s authority as the township, did all kinds of evil things, but they was protected by the law. Tess actually is condemned the death penalty. This just was explaining bourgeoisie politics system reactionary and indicated the unimportant persons in the lower level social class were impossible to obtain the fair treatment in the society. We may see in the novel, such as Alec this thunder actually receives the bourgeoisie state apparatus and the religious morals protection.3.2 Impoverishment and Decay of Small FarmersThis story has happened in the southern countries of England. Small famer‘s impoverishment and the decay which the writer really describes these which to be hired the farmers and seeks the work. These laborers are mercilessly exploited by the rich landowners.Let us see the economic crisis took place in bourgeois world and led to the social change. The change made many peasants lose their lands and became peasant workers. Large quantities of peasant were bankrupt. It is the s ame with the D‘Urbervilles. Their narrow minds and stupidity make them puzzled. The society is so cruel that it does not give them a chance to live and makes them discard their children. Tests was born into the family of a poor rural tradesman. Her father drinks a lot and doesn‘t work hard. Her mother herself is like a child and never thinks about the future. There are many children in their family. Her mother sends her to claim kin with a distant relative of noble D‘Urbervilles family in the hope of her fa mily was worse, that means the bankrupt of the family. Her disjoint from the country leads to her later tragedy; the young master Alec seduces her and the following pregnancy compels Tess to return home in dis grace. Her tragic life was begun.3.3 The Male F actor in T ess’s TragedyThis section mainly refers to Alec and Angel.Alec is an upstart on behalf of the bourgeoisie, a typical playboy. His image is a symbol of Western civilization hiding under the cloak of barbaric cruelty of sex desire. He also bel ieves that the beauty of Tess is negative, because a woman‘s beauty is the bait to lure men‘s desire. From his view of male point, this seems to imply that his possession of Tess is due to the temptation of her beauty. The first time that Tess went to claim kindred is very reluctant to Tess. With the feelings of shyness and shame, Tess went to D‘Urbervilles and starts her acquaintance with Alec. Later Alec threatened to Tess in every possible way, but Tess would prefer to remain in the poor cave, to endure the cruel exploitation and oppressed, to bear the heavy manual work overload, but unwilling to yield to Alec, or accepts his help. However, her father dies, her mother is ill, her brothers and sisters are out of school, their house lease is expired, the fa mily have no place to shelter. For the whole family‘s life, Tess had to refer to Alec, becomes his mistress and accepts his help (Jiang, 2007:96). Since then, she completely ruined her happiness of life. The whole life of Tess is the victim of Alec‘s power and violence.As to Angel, he is the incarnation of traditional ethical concepts. Angel and Alec are completely different. He is an intellectual and has liberal thinking; He despises class prejudice and hierarchy; He dislikes bustling city life and is longing to the countryside farming; He is。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Chapter Three: The cause of Tess’s tragedy genera ted.Ⅰ. Social reason1.1 PovertyT he past century, Tess’s tragedy had move thousands of hund reds of people all over the world. T ess was beguiled and viola ted by a young landlord, Alec, then pregnancy, so that she w as deprived of receiving the authentic love so as to be discar ded by her husband, Angel, during the wedding night. Extrem ely having no alternative, she regained the Alec’s, but titular h usband was coming back from Brazil unawares and looking fo r her. For her authentic love, Tess killed Alec who devastated her life. After Tess just spending her last three-day-and-night’s happy time in her poor life with Angel, the gods had tinished their sport with Tess. The social background of this story was changing society at the turning point of feudalism to capitalis m when thousands of decayed peasants suffering. And the hu man factors here mainly concern two men—Alec and Angel. T hough the first two causes played an important role in Tess’s tragedy, Take root reason was the sex discrimination. The solution was to achieve the real equality of male and female, no matter in social status or financial situations. Surely this requir es the advancing of the society and human civilization.First, Tess’s tragedy was from society. The poor family backgr ound foreshadows tragedy. She was a victim under the interior circumstances. Necessarily, Desting of Tess was miserable in the collision between human and environment. Tess lived at t he era of victory the village was invaded and drugged by Eng lish capitalism. As a humble worker, Tess got all kinds of oppr essions and insults. Along with invasion of the capitalism, thos e farmers who were self-reliant for food and occupied few lan d, all had to ruin. The haggling business, which had mainly d epended on the horse, became disorganized forth with. Distres s, if not penury, loomed in the distance. In face of back again st wall, Tess had to cast herself on Alec for sustain her paren ts and kid-sister.1.2 Partial rolesNext, the partial role was an important reason of Tess’s trage dy. In the society of capitalism, the precondition of laws was t hat took care of the convenience of bloodsuckers and admitte d the power of bloodsuckers oppressed people, it served for the governor. As the plutocratic duck, Alec was preserved by t he law, but Tess was killed. It just explained the counteraction of the rules of capitalism, the under classes such as Tess ca n’t obtain just treatments.1.3Hypocritical religionAgain, the element that causes Tess’s tragedy was the hypocr itical religions, especially the hypocritical character was Alec. He was a capitalist and mushroom applied the business, and he was “a person of flesh”, he trapped Tess and used the Bi ble to bring the duty to push the body of Tess, but finally, he was a pastor that expostulated to show merge. About Alec, it struggled that very elevation was a misapplication, that to rase seemed to falsity.It was visible that the religions were only a instrument was used to anesthetize, deceive and fool workers by reactionary such as Marx said “Christianity brings illusine brand”, religions offered the theoretical gist for bourgeoisie ins ulted and disgraced women.1.4Deceptive moralityThe last one, Tess was a victim of the deceptive morality, Angel Clare, symbolizing spirit, though intelligent, are sensitive, “E arly association with country solitudes had bred in Clare an u nconquerable, and almost unreasonable, aversion to modern lif e, and shut him out from such success as he might have asp ired to by following a mundane calling in the impracticability of the spiritual one. But something had to be done, he had was ted many years, and having an acquaintance was starting on a thriving life as a colonial farmer, it occurred to Angel that th is might be a lead in the right direction. Farming either in the Colonies, America or at home---farming, at any rate, after be coming well qualified for the business by a careful apprentices hip---that was a vacation which would probably afford an indep endence without the sacrifice of what he valued even more th an a competency---intellectual liberty”. It was such as Marlene Springer Hardy’s used the author Thomas Hardy, he was not in an intellectual of Allusion sense, but in so far as instincts and emotions ruled. Although he was a enlightened intelligents ia, when he know the past of Tess, with all his attempted ind ependence of judge this advanced and well meaning young m an, a sample product of the last five-and -twenty years, was g et the slave to custom and conventionality when surprised bac k into his early teachings. There was one kind of deep-set ethics in his soul, he thought the positions are different, and the mores was different. He regarded whether she was pity in ligh t of conventional idea of virtue, he had no pity for Tess, it bro ught more distress and let Tess to return to Alec. The decepti ve morality with Angle pushed Tess to gulf.Ⅱ.Tess’s temperament2.1 Traditional ethics and hypocritical religion Second, according to the analysis, Tess’s weak pointed and e ven her noble qualities bring. Her disaster, she had dual temp erament. Firstly, she dared to against traditional ethics and hy pocritical religions, and the secondly, she couldn’t get rid of th e fetter of ethics for herself.Tess’s innocence and care for her family lead to the strange, her inexperience was one reason that she was seduced by Al ec and her spirit made her became Alec’s victim again, and T ess’s devotion to Angel deepened her tragedy, she felt too hu miliated to match Angel and she was too obsessed by Angel to see his defects.2.2 The ethicsTess was born in a boorish family, there was weakness when she against traditional ethics, because she had some old ethic s and the views of fate. She suffered persecutions from social public opinions, and she scaled herself in light of this ethic. This encompassment of her own characterization, based on sh reds of convention, peopled by phantoms and voices antipathe tic to her, was a sorry and mistaken creation of Tess’s fancy---a cloud of moral hobgoblins by which she was terrified witho ut reason. It was they that were out of harmony with the actu al world, not she. Walking among the sleeping birds in the he dges watching the skipping rabbits on a moonlit warren or sta nding under a pheasant---laden bough, she looked upon herse lf as a figure of Guilt intruding into the haunts of innocence. But all the while she was making a distinction where there wa s no difference. Feeling herself in antagonism she was quite i n accord. She had been made to break an accepted social la w, but no law known to the environment in which she shed h erself such an anomaly. She always used this moral toil to re strain herself, she didn’t forget her disgrace, she though she was a incarnation villainously, her opinion had historic basic, it was incorporation of the whole society. As character a term o f history，The main and action of Tess must be limited by era.。