被动语态讲解及练习题

被动语态

一概念：对比主动语态

二：被动语态的构成

1 基本结构：______________________________.

2 各种时态的被动语态：

注意：短语动词变为被动语态：不可丢掉短语动词的介词或副词

eg. We should speak to old men politely.------ Old men should ____________________ politely.

Don’t be afraid to __________________while learning a foreign language. (被嘲笑)

类似用法：be listened to be taken care of be looked after be caught up with ……

三：特殊用法

1 主动表被动 a write, read, sell, wash, drive, ride …. 用作不及物动词，主语是物时，可用主动表示被动。

eg. This kind of pen _______________. 这种笔写起来很流畅。This kind of shirt ______________-.卖的很好。

b. 感官动词等系动词用主动表示被动look sound taste smell feel

Uniforms ______________ on us. 我们穿着制服很难看

We Chinese think moon cakes ______________________than the bread. 我们中国人认为月饼比面包好吃。

There apples ______ well because they ________ nice.

A are sold, look

B sell, look

C sell, are looked

D are sold, are looked

c. want, need, require + doing表被动相当于want/need/require + to be done

My bike needs ________________. 我的自行车需要修理。

2 不用被动语态的情况.不及物动词没有被动语态常见的动词happen, arrive, die, come, go, take place,

eg.1The pen _____well. It ______well too. A is written, sells B is written, is sold C writes, is sold

D writes, sells

2 Great changes _________ in China since 1919. A have been taken place B have taken

place

C took place

D was taken place

3 – What do you think of the football match yesterday? —Well. It’s surprising. The strongest

team of our school______. A was beaten B won C scored D was failed

3 省略to的动词不定式变为被动语态时要还原to hear ,watch ,see ,notice ,let, make, have, help ….

He ______ in the classroom just now. He _____ be there now. A heard to sing, may B was heard sing, must

C heard sing, must

D was heard to sing, may

Tom is often made ______for twelve hours a day by the boss. A work B working C to work D to be working

主谓一致：（语法一致，意义一致，就近原则）

一：语法一致即主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致，即是否单三

1 and, both… and 连接两个或三个以上名次做主语时，谓语动词用________形式

eg. Both reading and writing _____ very important.

2 主语+ with/together with/ as well as/ including/ besides/ except/ like/ but…，谓语动词的数由主语的数决定

eg. No one but I ____________. 除了我没有一个人犯错。

Mr. Green with his wife and two daughters _________ playing football very much. 喜欢

Everyone except Tom and John ______ there when the meeting began. (be )

3 由some, any, no, every 等构成的复合代词做主语时，谓语需用_______形式。

主语包含each, every 时，谓语动词用单数形式。

One, none, each, neither + of + 名词复数做主语，谓语动词用单数形式。

Eg. _____ of the boys in Class4 is playing games. A All B Each C The both D Everyone Listen! Someone _____ outside. A sing B sings C is singing D are singing

4 不定式，动名词做主语时，谓语动词一般用__________. Eg. To teach is to learn. 教学相长。5用half of, part of, most of,分数，百分数…+ n 做主语时，谓语动词与n保持一致

--- How many teachers are there in your school? ---About 200. One third of them _____ men teachers. (be)

6 由a pair(kind) of + 名词复数做主语时，谓语动词用单数

My shoes ____ worn out. This pair of shoes _______________, 穿坏了

二：意义一致

1 集体名词作主语时，谓语动词根据主语的意思来决定。family, team, class, crowd, group …如果表示一个整体，谓语动词用_______, 如果表示集体中的成员，则谓语用________.

My family _____ having dinner when the guest came.(be) The whole class ______greatly moved at his word. (be) The Chinese badminton team ______ playing magnificently. (be)

2 集体名词做主语，谓语用复数例people, police, cattle但是clothing, traffic, furniture作主语时用单数

3 表示度量，价格，时间，长度的名词复数作主语时，一般被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数

Three years _____ a long time. Fifty yuan ____________ to Mr. Green. 付给Mr. Green 50元4形式为复数而意义为单数的名词作主语，谓语用单数例如news, physics, politics ….

I think physics ___________________ maths. 和数学一样有用。

三：就近一致原则

1 由or, ________, ___________, ________________ 连接并列主语时，谓语动词要与靠近它的主语一致。

2 在there be, here be 句型中，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致

There ______ some Chinese and three Americans in the traveling team.

Here _____ a letter and two books for you

Practice:

1 --- How beautiful our hometown is! ---Yes, trees and flowers can ___________everywhere. 到处可见

2 I believe that these mountains _________________ with trees in a few years’ time. 覆盖

3 Today the forests have almost gone. People must ________________________down many trees.

阻止人们砍伐树木。4 Because of the dry weather, lots of water ________________ to water the crop.

必须担水浇田5. This kind of food _______________ cool, and dry. 必须凉爽干燥的保存

6 The young man who stole many bikes in our school __________ the day before yesterday.(catch)

7 Mr. Johnson’s story ____________________ by everyone who heard it. (嘲笑)

8 I know she won’t come to join us unless she ___________ to. (tell)

9 A talk on developments in science and technology _________________ in the school hall last week. (give)

10 --- You should tell Tom that he ___________________ to work for the 21st UNIVERSIADE already.

---- I think so, I will tell him on his birthday. (choose)