高级英语Unit 4
高级英语unit4--课后练习答案（第6册）
高级英语unit4--课后练习答案（第6册）Unit 4P60Language workI．1. defy= refuse to obey violate=act against2. participating in= taking part in are banished from= are expelled3. we transcend the mundane= we go beyond our uninteresting everyday world4. undoes= works against , reverses the effect of5. usher in = lead, bring in affluence= prospering6. masquerades as = disguise itself as culminate in= ends with7. rendered in= presented inbrought to life= made more real and exciting8. regress to= go back to filter out=remove9. inherent in= intrinsic be taken for rides= cheated, deceived10. rely on= depend onII.1. fictionalized2. Containment3. violation4. perpetually5. transcend6. weightless7. disenchantment 8. affluence9. constraints 10. falsifiedIII.1.of the essence2. revolve around3. conform to4. floated out through5. concealing from6. usher in7. masquerading as 8. culminated in9. brought … to life 10. inherent in11. magic wand 12. revealing aboutIV. (注意掌握词语的引申意义)1.a computer simulation= a model of a problem or course of eventsmade y computer2.is defying= is not changed by3.were banished from=were sent out from4.evolutionary=gradual/doc/238667844.html,her in= celebrate6.filter out= remove7.don’t rely on finding me here= don’t expect to find me here8.a narcissist (n.) = a person with great admiration for himself9.conform to = meets or reaches10.floating around= spreading around, circulating among people V. P62改错name forput on →删除onin Arab→ in Arabiccompany like → company looked like 或者company was like publicity → publicother appalled→ other people 或者othersto used → to be usedforget → forgothead of a train→ head out of a traindisguste d→ disgustingVI.1. knew2. reality3. interests4. joined5. covered6. returned7. career8. start9. success 10. with 11. production 12. won 13. released 14. technique 15. cost 16. considered 17. motion 18. 20th 19. past 20. neverP63Translation1．Mundane matters such as going to the market to buy food do not interest her. ( The mundane)2．I still remember my carefree student days.3．It’s very difficult to undo the damage caused by inadequate parenting in a child’s early years. (It’s hard to remove…the damage because of …, due to…);4．The audience was clearly enchanted by her performance. (The whale is in danger of becoming extinct.)5．The Venice Film Festival has always been the showcase of the Italian cinema.6．She suffered brain damage from a car accident and regressed to the mental age of a five-year-old. (Because of …..,her brain was damaged and the intelligence regressed to….) 7．Be careful or he’ll take you for a ride. (you will be taken for a ride)8．Her story is a cautionary tale for women traveling alone.( alarming)9．She left her home and traveled across the sea in search of a utopia, but she never found it.10．The essence of his argument was that education should continue through our lives.P64 II.Movie experts say Walt Disney was responsible for the development of the art of animation. Disney’s artists tried to put life into every drawing. That meant they had to feel all the emotions of the cartoon creatures: happiness, sadness, anger, fear. The artists looked at themselves in a mirror and expressed each emotion: a smile, tears, a red face, wide-opened eyes. Then they drew that look on the face of each cartoon creature.Disney’s art of animation reached its highest point in 1940 with themovie Pinocchio. The story is about a wooden toy that comes to life as a little boy. Disney’s artists drew flat pictures. Yet they created a work of space and solid objects. Pinocchio was an imaginary world, yet it worked very real.。
高级英语 第四单元
The Domestication of Animals动物的驯化The domestication of wild species led directly to denser human populations by yielding more food than the hunter-gatherer lifestyle could provide. In societies that possessed domestic animals, livestock helped to feed more people by providing meat, milk and fertilizer, and by pulling plows. Large domestic animals became the societies’ main source of animal protein, replacing wild game, and they also furnished wool, leather, and land transport. Humans have domesticated only a few species of large animals, with “large” defined as those weighing over 100 pounds (45 kilograms). Fourteen such species were domesticated before the twentieth century, all of them terrestrial mammals and herbivores. The five most import of these are sheep, goats, pigs, horses, and cattle or oxen.野生物种的驯化直接导致了人类种群密度的增加，比狩猎采集者的生活方式提供了更多的食物。
高级英语 unit4 language points 最新
Language Points of Unit Fourwait for 1）等待, 等候I've been waiting for the bus for half an hour.我等车已等了半个小时了。
2）观望形势后再作决定, 见风使舵She waited for the cat to jump before she made up her mind.她观望了形势以后才作出决定。
wait for call 等待呼唤I'll call you up at the office tomorrow morning; please wait for my call.我明天上午在办公室给你挂电话，请等我的电话。
wait for dead men's shoes等待别人死去以继承遗产The sons are waiting for dead men's shoes,but their father is still healthy.儿子们等着分遗产，可他们的父母却依然健在。
wait for the cat to jump 观望形势然后行动;看风使舵,随机应变Extend: means prolonged, continued; enl★rged in influence, meaning, scope, etc. Eg: Extended care: nursing care provided for a limited time after a hospital stay///Extended family : a group of relatives by blood, marriage or adoption, often including a nucle★r family, living together, esp. three generations are involved)大家庭,扩大的家庭(如数代同堂的家庭)clay: n.粘土, 泥土, Moist, sticky earth;,as clay in the hands of the potter任凭摆布dead and turned to clay死了Soil n.土壤, The top layer of the earth's surface, consisting of rockand mineral particles mixed with organic matter.Eg: Light, water, air and soil are essenti★l to the oilEarth: n., , The softer, friable part of land; soil, especially productive soil.泥：软且易碎的陆地部分；土，尤指肥沃的泥土Mud Wet, sticky, soft earth, as on the b★nks of a river. 泥：湿润、粘而软的泥土，如在河岸上Eg: The wheels are covered with mud.Fine: not coarse, in small particles.1）纤细的She likes to use pencils with fine points; I don't.她喜欢用笔头尖细的铅笔, 我不喜欢。
高级英语 Unit 4 Brain Man 天才症候群
+
4-5 times more common in males than in females.
02
Savant Syndrome
学者症候群
Savant Syndrome
(学者症候群）
Savant Syndrome refers to the rare condition wherein a person of subnormal intelligence or severely limited emotional range has prodigious（惊人的，异常的） intellectual gifts in a special area.
Unit 4 Brain Man
1.Autism .......
2.Savant Syndrome 3.Savant skills 4.Expansion.
01
Autism
自闭症/孤独症
Autism
自闭症/孤独症
A disorder that severely impaired development of a person's ability to communicate,interact with other people,and contact with the outside world.
03
Savant skills
白痴天才的特长、技能
Savant skills occur in a number of different areas.
Music
Visual arts
Mathematics 。。。。。
Their skills
mon skill 2.Particular skill 3.Primary skill extraordinary memory
高级英语Unit4AliceWalker生平
Unit 4Alice Walker was born on February 9, 1944, the eighth and last child of Willie Lee and Minnie Lou Grant Walker, who were sharecroppers. ['ʃeə,krɔpə] <美>佃农When Alice Walker was years old, she lost sight of one eye when one of her older brothers shot her with a BB gunby accident. In high school, Alice Walker was[,vælidik'tɔ:riən]致辞别辞者,辞别演说者of her,外加a"rehabilitation.[,ri:hə,bɪlɪ'teɪʃən]复兴scholarship" made it possible for her to go to Spelman, a college for black women in Atlanta, Georgia. After spending two years at Spelman, she transferred to SarahLawrenceCollege in New York, and during her junior year traveled to Africaas an exchange student. She received her bachelor of arts degreefrom SarahLawrenceCollege in 1965.After finishing college, Walker lived for a short time in New York, then from the mid 1960s to the mid 1970s,she lived in Tougaloo, Mississippi, during which time she had a daughter, Rebecca, in 1969. Alice Walker was active in the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960's, and in the 1990's she is still an involved activist. She has spoken for the women's movement,the anti-apartheid['æntiə'pɑ:θaid]反种族隔离的movement, for the anti-nuclear movement, and so on.Alice Walker started her own publishing company, Wild Trees Press, in 1984. She currently resides in Northern Californiawith her dog, Marley.She receivedthe Pulitzer Prize in 1983 for The Color Purple.Among her numerous awards and honors are the Lillian Smith Award from theNational Endowment[en'daʊmənt](经常的)资助,捐助;捐助的财物等for the Arts, the Rosenthal['rəuzəntɑ:l](陶瓷)罗森塔尔制造的Award from the National Institute of Arts & Letters, a nomination for the National Book Award, a Radcliffe['rædklif]拉德克利夫(姓氏)Institute Fellowship, a Merrill Fellowship, a Guggenheim ['ɡuɡənhaim]格瓦拉的追随者Fellowship, and the Front Page Award for Best Magazine Criticism from the Newswoman's Club of New York. She also has received the Townsend Prize and a Lyndhurst Prize.紫色?获得普利策文学奖，使艾丽丝·沃克声名鹊起，成为美国历史上第一位获此殊荣的黑人女作家。
高级英语Unit 4 Everyday use 知识点梳理
Unit 4 Everyday use for your grandmammaWhat is a plot?If an author writes, "The king died and then the queen died," there is no plot for a story. But by writing, "The king died and then the queen died of grief," the writer has provided a plot line for a story.A plot is a causal sequence of events, the "why" for the things that happen in the story. The plot draws the reader into the character's lives and helps the reader understand the choices that the characters make.The Structure of a plot1.Exposition - introduction of themain characters and setting2.Rising Action - one (or more)characters in crisis3.Climax - point of highest emotion;turning point4.Falling Action - resolution ofcharacter’s crisis5.Denouement (outcome) - “untyingof plot treads”; resolutionNarration NarratorFirst-person narration; third-person narrationNarrator ≠ authorThe titleThe meaning of the title requires the reader to read deeper within the short story. The phrase ―Everyday Use‖ brings about the question whether or not heritage should be preserved and displayed or integrated into everyday life.―Everyday Use‖ pertains not only to the quilt, but more so to people's culture and heritage and how they choose to honor it.The themeThe main theme in the story concerns the characters‘ connections to their ancestral roots.Dee Johnson believes that she is affirming her African heritage by changing her name, her mannerisms, and her appearance, even though her family has lived in the United States for several generations.The themeMaggie and Mrs. Johnson are confused and intimi dated by her new image as ―Wangero‖. Their own connections to their heritage rest on their memories of their mothers and grandmothers; they prefer to remember them for who they were as individuals, not as members of a particular race.Because of their differing viewpoints, they place different values on some old quilts and other objects in the home.The backgroundBy the 1960s, following the success of civil rights leaders like Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X, some African Americans began to take pride in their heritage as a way of gaining their esteem, forging a group identity, and creating a platform for greater political power.Known as ―black pride‖ or Black Nationalism, these ideas encouraged many young African Americans to l earn about their cultural ancestry, grow their hair into ―Afros‖, dress in traditional African clothing, and reject their ―slave names‖. Cultural nationalismCultural nationalism was founded on the belief that blacks and whites have separate values, histories, intellectual traditions and lifestyles and therefore that in reality, there are two separate Americas.Cultural nationalism was often expressed a as a conceptual and aesthetic return to the motherland (rarely an actual return), a recognition of the African roots that blacks in America had begun to forget as a result of slavery, biased education and stereotyped representations in the mass media.In his article, "Black Cultural Nationalism," Ron Karenga, one of the strongest voices in favor of cultural nationalism,writes,"Let our art remind us of our distaste for the enemy, our love for each other, and our commitment to the revolutionary struggle that will be fought with the rhythmic reality of a permanent revolution"Cultural nationalism on a visual level was expressed in the same way, by the wearing of brightly colored African clothing, such as dashikis, and the adaptation of the Afro hair style, both symbolic representations of the important relationship between Blacks in America and their African roots.Mama (Ms Johnson)The narrator of the story.She is a middle-aged or older African-American woman living with her younger daughter, Maggie.Although poor, she is strong and independent, and takes great pride in her way of life.She is over weight, and built more like a man than a woman. She has strong hands that are worn from a lifetime of work.MaggieDee‘s sister who wa s badly burned by a fire when she was young.She has low self-confidence and becomes uncomfortable when Dee is around.Maggie contrasts Dee by showing a special regard for her immediate family.DeeMrs. Johnson‘s older daughter.She is attractive, sophisticated, and well-educated.She is also very selfish, bold, and overly confident.When she returns home, she insists her family calls her Wangero because she wants to be a bigger part of her culture. The only reason she wants this is because it‘s sudde nly the new trend.the historical presentThe historical present (sometimes dramatic present) refers to the employment of the present tense when narrating past events. it is used in fiction, for ―hot news‖ (as in headlines), and in everyday conversation. In conversation, it is particularly common with ―verbs of communication‖ such as tell, write, and say (and in colloquial uses, go).The historical present has the effect of making past events more vivid.P1: the yard that Maggie and I made so clean and wavywavy: having regular curvesA wavy line has a series of regular curves along it.Here in the text the word describes the marks in wavy patterns on the clay ground left by the broom.P1: It is like an extended living room.Extended: enlargedP1: When the hard clay is swept cleanA fine-grained, firm earthy material that is plastic when wet and hardens when heated, consisting primarily of hydrated silicates of aluminum and widely used in making bricks, tiles, and pottery.粘土，泥土P1: the fine sand around the edges lined with tiny, irregular groovesFine: thin, in small particlesGroove nouna long narrow cut in the surface of sth hard:Cut a groove 3 cm from the top of the piece of wood.沟、槽P1: sit and look up into the elm tree榆树P2: homely and ashamed of the burn scarsNot handsome or beautiful: plain, unattractive. (Never say a woman or a girl is ugly. Say she is plain or homely.)Of a plain and unsophisticated nature: artless, unadorned, unpolished. (homely furniture)Of or relating to the family or household: domestic, household. (homely skills)P2: eying her sister with a mixture of envy and aweLook at and watch don‘t suggest the feelings of the person who looks.To eye means to look carefully, suspiciously, or thoughtfully, with fear, doubt, envy, desire, etc.P2: eying her sister with a mixture of envy and awenoun [U] feelings of respect and slight fear; feelings of being very impressed by sth/sb:awe and respectHe speaks of her with awe.be / stand in awe of sb/sth to admire sb/sth and be slightly frightened of them/it:While Diana was in awe of her grandfather, she adored her grandmotheramazement, wonderP2: She thinks her sister has held life always in the palm of one hand, that "no" is a word the world never learned to say to her.The world has satisfied her sister’s every desire.Her sister has a firm control of life.P3: the child who has "made it" is confrontedTo have made it: if you make it, you are successful in achieving sth. Difficult, or in surviving through a very difficult period.I believe I have the talent to make it.You are brave and courageous. You can make it.P3: the child who has "made it" is confronted1 (of problems or a difficult situation) to appear and need to be dealt with by sb: the economic problems confronting the country3 to face sb so that they cannot avoid seeing and hearing you, especially in an unfriendly or dangerous situation: This was the first time he had confronted an armed robber.P3: her own mother and father, tottering in weakly from backstage.1. [usually +adv. / prep.] to walk or move with weak unsteady steps, especially because you are drunk or ill/sick; stagger: She managed to totter back to her seat.2 to be weak and seem likely to fall: the tottering walls of the castleoutLoud enough so as to be heard. 大声讲！没人能把你怎么样。
高一必修英语unit4知识点
高一必修英语unit4知识点Unit 4 of the high school English curriculum focuses on various knowledge points that students are required to learn. This unit covers topics such as "English for different purposes," "Writing letters," "Job interviews," and "Applying for a job." Let's explore these key points in detail.1. English for different purposes:In this section, students learn about the various purposes for using English. It includes understanding how to use English for socializing, giving instructions, asking for information, and making suggestions. Additionally, students are taught how to use appropriate language and expressions depending on the purpose of their communication.2. Writing letters:In this section, students are taught the essential elements of writing different types of letters. These include formal letters, informal letters, and business letters. Students learn the format, language, and tone required for each type of letter. They also practice writing letters for different purposes, such as requesting information, making complaints, or expressing gratitude.3. Job interviews:This section introduces students to the skills needed for a successful job interview. Students learn about the different stages of an interview, including preparing for the interview, presenting oneself, answering interview questions, and asking questions to the interviewer. Additionally,students practice common interview questions and develop strategies to present themselves in the best possible way.4. Applying for a job:In this section, students learn the necessary steps for applying for a job. They understand how to write an effective resume or CV, including their personal information, educational background, work experience, and skills. Students also learn about cover letters and how to tailor them to individual job applications. Moreover, they explore the importance of references and recommendations in the job application process.5. Other related topics:Unit 4 also covers other related topics such as vocabulary and grammar relevant to the main themes. Students enhance their vocabulary by learning words and expressions commonly used in job interviews and job applications. They also revise grammar points such as verb tenses, sentence structures, and modal verbs to improve their overall language proficiency.In conclusion, Unit 4 of the high school English curriculum provides students with essential knowledge and skills related to English for different purposes, writing letters, job interviews, and applying for a job. By mastering these key points, students are equipped with the necessary language skills and strategies to effectively communicate in various practical situations.。
高一英语必修四Uint4知识点
高一英语必修四Uint4知识点高一英语必修四Unit 4知识点Unit 4主要围绕着“议论文写作”这一主题展开，包括了议论文的写作要素、写作技巧以及相关的语法知识。
本文将按照议论文的格式，论述Unit 4的主要知识点。
一、引言段（Introduction）在引言段，我们需要明确文章的主题，并提出自己的观点。
议论文的引言段主要有以下几种常用的写作方式：1. 吸引读者注意力的开场白（Opening）例如：Have you ever thought about the impact of technology on our lives? It is undeniable that technology has revolutionized the way we live, but is it always beneficial? This essay will explore the advantages and disadvantages of technology in our daily lives.二、论据段（Body Paragraphs）在论据段，我们需要提供多个支持或反驳论点，并给出详细的解释和例证。
1. 阐述论点的基本结构- 提出主题句（Topic Sentence）：明确论述的中心思想- 提供论据（Supporting Points）：列出多个支持或反驳的论据- 给出例证（Evidence）：提供具体事实、数据或例子支持论点- 解释论点（Explanation）：对论点进行详细的解释分析2. 语言表达技巧- 使用连接词（Transitional Words）：例如，furthermore, moreover, on the contrary等，用于连接不同的论据或转折观点。
- 使用形容词和副词（Adjectives and Adverbs）：用于增强论述的说服力和表达能力。
- 使用比较级和最高级（Comparatives and Superlatives）：用于表达不同观点之间的对比和强调。
高级英语第一册Unit4单词
高级英语第一册Unit Four1. fine: very small in size, weight, or thickness; not coarse[kɔ:s] adj. 粗糙的；粗俗的; subtle 纤细的，精确的, 细微的,不粗糙的fine dust 微尘a fine difference细微差别fine hair 细发2. homely: 1. not attractive or good-looking: 不好看的a homely child丑孩子2. lacking elegance or refinement: 粗朴的homely furniture 粗朴的家具3. of a simple or unpretentious nature; plain: 朴实的，不做作的：a homely meal家常便餐3. confront: 1. to come face to face with: 面对,与…面对面的A soldier has to confront danger and death.军人必须勇敢而冷静地面对危险和死亡2. to bring face to face with: 使面对面，与with连用I am confronted with many difficulties. 我面临很多困难3. to come up against; encounter: 碰到；遇到：My house confronts his. 我的家与他的家对门。
4. totter: to move in an unsteady way from side to side as if about to fall 蹒跚，踉跄：The old lady tottered down the stairs.5.limousine豪华轿车；sedan私家轿车, 小轿车;convertible敞篷汽车;sports car 跑车coupe [‘ku:pei] 双座四轮轿（式马）车；station wagon (Am E) / estate car (Br.E)旅行车6.orchid兰花；lily of the valley 白色铃兰花；carnation [kɑ:'neiʃən]康乃馨；violet 紫罗兰；chrysanthemum [kri'sænθəməm] 菊花；gerbera非洲菊；calla马蹄莲；baby's-breath满天星；梅花plum blossom；water lily荷花；peony['piəni] 牡丹，芍药；narcissus 水仙daffodil ；lilac ['lailək] 丁香；bauhinia紫荆花7. tacky: (Am.E, slang)1. neglected and in a state of disrepair: 破烂的a tacky old cabin in the woods树林里一间又老又破的小棚屋2. lacking style or good taste; tawdry: 俗气的tacky clothes 土气的衣服8. overalls: [pl.] 工装裤9. sledge hammer:大锤10. sidle: walk as if ready to turn or go the other way 侧身而行，以一种不引人注目的、偷偷摸摸的或羞怯的方式行进swindlers who sidle up to tourists 偷偷走向旅客的骗子11. shuffle: slow dragging walk拖着脚走，慢吞吞地走12. blaze: 1. a brilliant burst of fire; a flame. 火焰the blaze of the desert sun沙漠上强烈的阳光炙焰2. to burn with a bright flame. 熊熊燃烧Her eyes blazed with anger. (喻) 她眼里闪着怒火。
高级英语课件Unit 4
Paragraph 4
rut: deep narrow marks or tracks left in soft ground by the wheel of a vehicle rutted roads: roads with deep, narrow marks made by the wheels of vehicles E.g.: be in a rut 墨守成规，一成不变 墨守成规，
Paragraph 7
foray: literally means “a sudden attack into an enemy area by a small number of soldiers to damage or seize arms, foot, etc.” etc.” E.g.: The soldiers went on a foray at the command of the officer. make a foray on a town
Language Learning
Paragraph 3 perennial: lasting through the whole year; lasting forever or for a long time E.g.: the perennial snow fields The perennial blue jeans a perennial invalid the perennial problems of isolation in old age
Unit 4 The invisible poor
3.
Getting information 2. Understanding structure Function of transitional words
高英Unit 4精华笔记
Unit 4Text 11. dispatchbe dispatched to do sth = be send to do sth 被派遣做某事2. constitute = form/ make up3. in existence 现存的，现有的The temple is the oldest one in existence in China .4 .the name/date/title escapes me 忘记① I recognized her face but her name escapes me.② Nothing escaped his attention.5. methodical / methodically 有条理的、有条理地He does things methodically.6. as it happens 恰巧、正好① As it happens, we have got a room vacant.② I saw him yesterday as it happens.7. It is left sb to do sth 把…事留给某人来做It is left dad to get the packing done.8. artistry9. char10. corpse/corps11. technically speaking= in technical terms12.be branded with 留下…的烙印Each cow was branded with the ranch’s logo.13. cartDon’t put the cart before the horse.不要本末倒置14.fireball 火球15.thermal 热的、热能的16.ledge 壁架17.ditch 沟渠18. unearthly19. for good=for good and all=forever20. otherwiseHe reminded me of what I should otherwise have forgotten.21. (VP) the true measure of the event lies not in what remains but in all that has disappeared.22.A lies not in sth but in sth 不在于…而在于…23. rubble24. wreckage25.be dotted with 布满、分布The lake was dotted with sailboats.26. absencein the absence of 缺失缺乏～any evidence, the police had to let him go.27. in a flash 瞬间28.c ome into one’s own物尽其用、得到公认、充分发挥其能力①The two folk languages will at last come into their own.②Your suggestion will come into its own.③After many years of hard work, he came into his own.29. stumble30. outskirts31. in certain/some/one respects32. spare sb trouble/difficulty/pain 免除某人的麻烦…They did what they could to spare him any pain.33. intact=entire34. the end of the world= the doomed day 世界末日35. apprehend=fear36. peril=danger37. once and for all= completely38. counterpoise=counterbalanceHis fear of his father is counterpoised by a genuine respect.39. continuation40. none the＋比较级并没有…而…①I am none the wiser for your explanation.我并没有因为你的解释而开窍。
高级英语2第三版 unit4 课文翻译+课后英译汉部分划线 英语完整版
Unit 4 Love is a Fallacy爱情就是谬误Max ShulmanCharles Lamb, as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays, unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dream's Children. There follows an informal essay that ventures even beyond Lamb's frontier, indeed, "informal" may not be quite the right word to describe this essay; "limp" or " flaccid" or possibly "spongy" are perhaps more appropriate.查尔斯．兰姆是一个百年难遇的性情欢快、富有进取心的人。
他那令人难忘的作品《古瓷器》和《梦中的孩子》打破了随笔的羁绊。
下面这篇文章比兰姆的作品更加随意。
实际上，用“随意”这个的字眼来形容这篇文章或许并不十分恰当；用“柔软的”、“松软的”或“富有弹性的”或许更恰当。
Vague though its category, it is without doubt an essay. It develops an argument; it cites instances; it reaches a conclusion. Could Carlyle do more? Could Ruskin?尽管很难说清这篇文章是属于哪一类，但可以肯定它是一篇散文。
它提出了论点，列举了例子，并得出了结论。
英语高一必修unit4知识点
英语高一必修unit4知识点英语高一必修Unit 4: 知识点导语：英语高一必修Unit 4是一篇介绍科技与人类关系的阅读材料，主要涉及了聪明的科学家埃迪森的故事，科技在人类生活中的影响以及相关的语法和词汇知识点。
本文将以Unit 4的主题为线索，探讨科技的发展、科学家的创新精神以及我们在学习英语过程中需要掌握的重要知识点。
一、科技的发展与人类进步科技的发展改变了人类的生活方式和工作方式。
例如，手机的普及使人们能够随时随地与他人交流，方便了生活和工作。
而互联网的普及则拓宽了人们获取信息的渠道，加速了社会的发展。
科技的快速更新也推动了人类社会的不断进步。
二、科学家的创新精神Unit 4介绍了一个聪明的科学家埃迪森，他多次尝试与失败，但是从失败中不断学习并最终成功发明了许多重要的发明。
这展示了科学家的创新精神和坚持不懈的勇气。
对于我们每个人来说，我们也应该怀揣着创新精神去迎接困难，并永不放弃。
三、科技与语言学习在当今社会，科技对于语言学习有着深远的影响。
首先，我们可以通过使用在线学习平台和应用程序来提高语言技能。
通过在线课堂，我们可以与世界各地的老师和学生进行实时交流，扩大我们的语言环境。
其次，语言学习应该结合科技工具和媒体资源，例如使用语音识别软件进行发音训练，使用在线词典查询生词等。
四、语法知识点1. 直接引语和间接引语直接引语指直接引用别人的话，使用引号引起来；间接引语是将别人的话转述成自己的话，不使用引号。
例如：He said, "I am going to the cinema." (直接引语)He said that he was going to the cinema. (间接引语)2. 过去进行时过去进行时用于描述在过去某个时间正在进行的动作或事件。
例如：I was studying English when she called me.3. 过去完成时过去完成时表示在过去某个时间或动作之前已经发生、完成的动作或事件。
高级英语unit4 课文解释 最新
Unit Four Everyday UseI will wait for her in the yard that Maggie and I made so clean and wavy yesterday afternoon. A yard like this is more comfortable than most people know. It is not just a yard. It is like an extended living room.When the hard 1.clay is swept clean as a floor and the fine sand around the edges lined with tiny, irregular grooves, ( Before the word “ lined”, the link verb “ is” omitted. anyone can come and sit and look up into the elm tree and wait for the breeze s that never come inside the house.Maggie will be nervous until after her sister goes: she will stand hopelessly in corners, homely and 3.ashamed of the burn scars down her arms and legs, eying her sister with a mixture of envy (and awe. She thinks her sister has held life always in the palm of one hand, (1. She thinks that her sister has a firm control of her life) that “ no” is a word the world never learned to say to her. (2. She could always have anything she wanted, and life was extremely generous to her)You‟ve no d oubt seen those TV shows where the child who has 5 “ made it”is confront ed (2. faced)( Eg: Stepping off from the car, the official was confronted by two terrorists), as a surprise, by her own mother and father, ( brought face to face with her own mother and father unexpectedly)totter ing in weakly from backstage. (A pleasant surprise, of course: What would they do if parent and child came on the show only to curse out and insult each other?) On TV mother and child 8.embrace and smile into each other‟s face. Sometimes the mother and father weep, the child wraps them in her arms and leans across the table to tell how she would not have made it without their help. I have seen these programs.Sometimes I dream a dream in which Dee and I are suddenly brought togetheron a TV program of this sort.( “ This sort” carries a derogatory tone, suggesting that the TV. Program is of inferior kind)Out of a dark and soft-seated limousine I am ushered into a bright room filled with many people.There I meet a smiling, gray sporty man like Johnny Carson ( a man who runs a late night talk show) who shakes my hand and tell me what a fine girl I have. Then we are on the stage and Dee is embracing me with tears in her eyes. She pins on my dress a large orchid, even though she has told me once that she thinks orchids are tacky ( 1.inelegant)(3.of vulgar quality) flowers.In real life I am a large, big-boned woman with rough,man-working hands. (The phrase” in real life” is transitional, linking this paragraph and the o ne above, implying that those TV programs are nothing but make-believe and the narrator is very skeptical of them . In reality she has the typical features of a black working woman)In the winter, I wear flannel nightgown s to bed and overall s(during the day. I can kill and clean a hog as mercilessly as a man. My fat keeps me hot in zero weather. ( Because I am fat, I feel hot even in freezing weather)I can work outside all day, breaking ice to get water for washing; I can eat pork liver cooked over the open fire minutes after it comes steaming (4. giving out steam) from the hog. One winter I knocked a bull calf straight in the brain between the eyes with a sledge hammer and had the meat hung up to chill before 10.nightfall. But of course all this does not show on television. I am the way my daughter would want me to be: a hundred pounds lighter, my skin like an uncooked barley pancake. ( My daughter wishes me to have a slender figure and a fair complexion like an uncooked barley pancake: a simile comparing the skin to barley dough which has a creamy, smooth texture. This sentence suggests that Dee is rather ashamed of having a black working-class woman as her mother) My hair glistens in the hot bright lights. Johnny Carson has much to do to keep up with my quick and witty tongue. (5. eloquent in speech)But that is a11. mistake. I know even before I wake up. Who ever knew a Johnson with a quick tongue? Who can even imagine me looking a strange white in the eye ( to look sb. In the eye: Eg: If you are upright and not afraid of losing anything, you’ll be able to look anyone in the eye.) ? It seems to me I have talked to them always with one foot raised in flight, ( 4. It seems to me that I have talked to them always ready to leave as quickly as possible because of discomfort, nervousness, timidity, etc.) ( with my head turned in whichever way is farthest from them. ( in order to avoid them as much as possible, also from discomfort, shyness, etc)Dee, though. She would always look anyone in the eye. Hesitation was no part of her nature.“ How do I look, Mama?” Maggie says, showing just enough of her thin body enveloped in pink skirt and red blouse for me to know she‟s there, almost hidden by the door.“Come out into the yard,” I say.Have you ever seen a lame animal, perhaps a dog 12.run over by some careless person rich enough to own a car, sidle up to someone who is ignorant enough to be kind of him? That is the way my Maggie walks. She has been like this, chin on chest, eyes on ground, feet in shuffle, ( Maggie is so shy that she never raises her head or eyes when looking at and talking to people, and she is always so nervous and restless that she is unable to stand still. Shuffle:)ever since the fire that burned the other house to the ground.Dee is lighter than Maggie,( Light here refers to the color of one’s skin, complexion, not weight. Theword fair is similar to light, and the opposite is dark)with nicer and a fuller (6. charmingly round)14. figure. She‟s woman now, though sometimes I forget. How long ago was it that the other house burned? Ten, twelve years? Sometimes I can still hear the flames and feel Maggie‟s arms sticking to me, her hair smoking and her dress falling off her in little black papery flake s. ( Nominative absolute construction,) Her eyes seemed stretched open, blazed open by the flames reflected in them. And Dee. I see her standing off ( stand away; in a distance) under the sweet gum tree she used to dig gum out of; a look of concentration on her face as she watched the last dingy gray board of the house falling toward the red-hot brick chimney. Why don‟t you do a dance around the ashes? I‟d wanted to ask her. She had hated the house that much.I used to think she hated Maggie, too. But that was before we raised the money , the church and me,( Incorrect grammar, it should be the church and I )to send her to Augusta ( city in eastern Georgia. the family lives in the rural area in Georgia, a southern state in America.)to school. She used to read to us without pity; forcing words, lies, other folks‟ habits,whole lives upon us two,( The narrator implies that the books Dee read to them were written by the white people and full of their language and ideas, falsehood and their way of life. Other folks refer to the white people. By reading those books, Dee forced them to accept the white people’s views and values.)sitting trapped and ignorant underneath her voice. ( Her reading was like a trap, and we were like animals caught in the trap, unable to escape. Underneath her voice suggests a repressive and imposing quality in her voice) She washed us in a river of make-believe, (5. She imposed on us lots of falsity) burned us with a lot of knowledge we didn‟t necessarily need to know. (6. she imposed on us a lot of knowledge that is totally useless to us ) Pressed us to her with the serious way she read, to shove us away at just the moment, like dimwit s, ( slang,2 stupid person, a simpleton)we seemed about to understand.Dee wanted nice things. A yellow organdy dress to wear to her graduation ( to attend her graduation ceremony)from high school; black pump s (7. low-cut shoes without straps or ties) to match ( match: Eg: This blouse doesn’t match the color or the style of the shirt) a green suit she‟d made from an old suit somebody gave me. She was determined to stare down (8. to stare back at another until the gaze of the one stared at is turned away. )any 17.disaster in her efforts. ( She was determined to face up and defeat any disaster with her efforts. Here disaster is personified)Her eyelid s would not flicker for minutes at a time. ( Again it shows that Dee was undaunted with a strong character. She would look at anybody steadily and intently for a long time)Often I fought off the temptation to shake her .( Often I wanted so much to shake her, but I restrained myself. Usually you shake somebody in order to rouse that person to the awareness of something) At sixteen she had a style of her own: ( At sixteen she had a style of her own way of doing things.)and knew what style was. ( And she knew what was the current, fashionable way of dressing, speaking, acting, etc.))I never had an education myself. After second grade the school was closed down. Don‟t ask me why: in 1927 colored (a group other than the Caucasoid, specially black)asked fewer questions than they do now. ( In 1927, the colored people were more passive than they are now)Sometimes Maggie reads to me. She stumble s along good naturedly ( She often makes mistakes while reading, but never losing good temper.)but can‟t see well. She knows she is not bright. Like good looks and money, quickness passed her by. ( 7.She is not bright as she is neither good-looking nor rich)She will marry John Thomas ( who has mossy( 9.not clean ) teeth in an earnest face) and t hen I‟ll be free to sit here and I guess just sing church songs myself. Although I never was a good singer. Never could carry a tune. I was always better at a man‟s job. I used to love to milk till I was hook ed (injured by the horn of the cow being milked)in the side in ‟49. Cows are sooth ing and slow and don‟t bother you, unless you try to milk them the wrong way.I have deliberately turned my back on the house. It is three rooms, just like the one that burned, except the roof is tin.: they don‟t make shingle roofs any more. There are no real windows, just some holes out in the sides, like the porthole s in a ship, but not round and not square.,( irregular in shape) with rawhide holding the shutter s up on the outside. This house is in a pasture, too, like the other one. No doubt when Dee sees it she will want to tear it down. ( to demolish) She wrote me once that no matter where we “choose” to live, she will manage to come see us. But she will never bring her friends. Maggie and I thought about this and Maggie asked me, “ Mama, when did Dee ever have any friends?”( A rhetorical question, meaning Dee was not an easy person to get along with, and she never really had any true friends)She had a few. Furtive boys in pink shirts hanging about ( linger around) on washday after school. Nervous girls who never laughed. Impressed with her they worshiped the well-turned(4.expressed or worded well) phrase, the cute shape, the scalding(Harshly critical ) humor that erupted(T o force out violently.) like bubble s in lye. She read to them.When she was 19.courting Jimmy T ( “T”is the initial of the surname of the boy Dee was courting)she didn‟t have much time to pay to us, but turned all he r faultfinding power on him. He flewto marry a cheap city girl from a family of ignorant flashy( cheap and showy) people. She hardly had time to recompose (To restore to composure; calm.)( recompose: She was shocked at the news, but before long she recomposed herself)herself.When she comes I will meet—but there they are! ( Before I could meet them, ( in the yard), they have already arrived)Maggie 20.attempted to make a dash for the house, In her shuffling way, but I stay her with my hand.( I stop her from rushing off with my hand. Note: the simple present tense is used in this paragraph and the following five paragraphs describe the past actions. The purpose is to make the story telling more vivid.)“ Come back here,” I say. And she stops and tries to dig a well in the sand with her toe.It is hard to see them clearly through the strong sun. But even the first glimpse of leg out of the car tells me it is Dee. Her feet were always neat-looking, as if God himself had shaped them with a certain style. From the other side of the car comes a short, stocky(chubby, plump) man. Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky( full of short, twisty curls,3.tightly curled.) mule tail. I hear Maggie suck in her breath. ( inhale her breath)“ Uhnnnh,” ( an exclamation of a strong negative response) is what it sounds like. Like when you see the wriggling end of a snake just in front of your foot on the road. ( An elliptical “ Uhnnnh.” Sentence . It’s the kind of disgusted response you have when you see the wriggling end of a snake just in front of your foot on the road.) Dee next. A dress down to the ground, in the hot weather. (8.Dee wore a very long dress even on such a hot day)A dress so loud (10. unpleasant attractive bright color e.g. a loud pattern.( a dress in such loud colors.)it hurts my eyes. There are yellows and oranges enough to throw back the light of the sun. ( There are bright yellow and orange colored patterns which shine even more brightly than the sun.)I feel my whole face warming from the heat waves it throws out. Earring s gold, too, and hanging down to her shoulders. Bracelets dangling and making noises when she moves her arm up to shake the folds of the dress out of her armpit s. The dress is loose and flows, ( The dress is loose and moves gently and smoothly) and as she walks closer, I like it. I hear Maggie go ( 5. say ( used to describe dialogues) “Uhnnnh” again. It is her sister‟s hair. ( This time it’s her sister’s hair style that makes Maggie utter an exclamation of dislike and disapproval)It stands straight up like the wool on a sheep. It is black as night and around the edges are two long pigtail s that rope about ( that move about)like small lizard s disappearing behind her ears.“Wa-su-zo-Tean-o!” ( phonetic rendering of an African dialect salutation) she says, coming on inthat gliding way the dress makes her move. The short stocky fellow with the hair to his navel is all grinning and he follows up with “Asalamalakim,( Phonetic rendering of a Muslim greeting ) my mother and sister!” He moves to hug Maggie but she falls back, right up against the back of my chair. I feel her trembling there and when I look up I see perspiration falling off her chin.“Don‟t get up, “ says Dee. Since I am stout, ( fat)it takes something of a push.( I have to push myself up with some effort to get up )You can see me trying to move a second or two before I make it. ( 9.You can see me trying to move my body a couple of seconds before I finally manage to push myself up) She turns, showing white heels through her sandals, and goes back to the car. Out she peek s next with a Polaroid.( a camera that produces instant pictures) She stoop s down quickly and lines up (11. take many pictures in a sequence) picture after picture of me sitting there in front of the house with Maggie cower ing behind me. ( with Maggie huddling behind me because of fear and nervousness)She never takes a shot without making sure the house is included. ( Every time she takes a picture she makes sure that the house is in it. It shows how important she thinks the house is. We are reminded how she used to hate the house)When a cow comes nibbling around the edge of the yard she snap s it and me and Maggie and the house. Then she puts the Polarold in the back seat of the car, and comes up and kisses me on the forehead. ( Not usual. Normally people kiss each other on the cheeks for greeting)Meanwhile Asalamalakim is going through motions with Maggie …s hand.( Meanwhile Dee’s boyfriend is trying to shake hands with Maggie in a fancy and elaborate way)Maggie‟s hand is as limp as a fish, and 22.probably as cold, despite( despite: Despite the flood, the losses on agricultural production were not that serious) the sweat and she keeps trying to pull it back. It looks like ( 6. as if ) Asalamalakim wants to shake hands but wants to do it fancy. ( 6. shake hands in a fancy and elaborate way) Or maybe he don‟t know( ungrammatical spoken English. There are quite a few instances of such use of language in the story) how to shake hands. Anyhow, he soon gives up on Maggie. (10. Soon he knows that won’t do for Maggie. So he stops trying to shake hands with Maggie. Give up: to admit failure and stop trying)“Well,” I say. “Dee.”“No, mama,” she says. “ Not …Dee‟. Wangero Leewanika Kemanjo!”“What happened to …Dee‟?” I wanted to know.“She‟s dead,”(The girl called Dee no longer exists. With the new name, she is born again)Wangero said. “ I couldn‟t bear it any longer, being named after the people who oppress me.”“ You know as well as me you was named after your aunt Dicie,” I said. Dicie is my sister. She named Dee. ( She was named Dee)We called her “ Big Dee” after Dee was born.” ( As we named our daughter after her aunt, we added “Big” before her aunt’s name to make a distinction)But who was she named after?” asked Wangero.“ I guess after Grandma Dee,” I said.“ And who was she named after?” asked Wangero.“Her mother,” I said, and saw Wangero was getting tired. “ That‟s about as far as I can trace it,” I said. Though, in fact, I probably could have carried it back beyond the Civil War ( the war between the North ( the Union) and the South ( the Confederacy) in the U.S ( 1861-1865)through 23 branches. ( branches or divisions of a family descending from a common ancestor) (11. As I see Dee is getting tired of this, I don’t want to go on either. In fact, I could have traced it back before the Civil War through the family branches)“Well,” said Asalamalakim, “there you are.”“Uhnnnh,” I heard Maggie say.“There I was not, “ I said, “ before …Dicie cropped up ( in our family, so why should I try to trace it that far back?”He just stood there grinning, looking down on me like somebody 24. inspecting a Model A car.( in 1909 Henry Ford mass-produced 15 million Model T cars and thus made automobiles popular in the States. In 1928 the Model T was discontinued and replaced by a new design--- the Model A—to meet the needs for growing competition in car manufacturing.) Every once in a while he and Wangero sent eye signals over my head. (12. Now and then he and Dee communicated through eye contact in a secretive way)“How do you pron ounce this name?: I asked.“ You don‟t have to call me by it if you don‟t want to,” said Wangero.“Why shouldn‟t I?” I asked. “ If that‟s what you want us to call you, we‟ll call you.”“I know it might sound awkward at first,” said Wangero.“ I‟ll get used to it, “ I said. “Ream it out again.” ( “Ream” is perhaps an African dialect word meaning “ unfold, display”. Hence the phrase may mean “ repeat” or “ say it once again”Well. Soon we got the name out of the way.( We overcame the difficulty and managed to pronounceit at last)Asalamalakim had a name twice as long and three times as hard . After I tripped over (8 mispronounced it, failed to say it correctly.)twice or three times he told me to just call him Hakim-a-barber. I wanted to ask him was he a barber,( Incorrect grammar, it should be “Whether ( if” he was a barber)but I didn‟t really think he was, so I don‟t ask.“ You must belong to those beef-cattle people ( 9. people who breed and fatten cattle for meat) down the road, “ I said. They said “Asalamalakim” when they met you, too, but they didn‟t shake hands. Always too busy: feeding the cattles, fixing the fences, putting up salt-lick shelters, throwing down hay. When the white folks poisoned some of the herd the men stayed up all night with rifles in their hands. I walked a mile and a half just to see the sight.Hakim-a-barber said,” I accept some of their doctrine s, but farming and raising cattle is not my style.” ( They didn‟t tell me, and I didn‟t ask, whether Wangero (Dee) had really gone and married him.) We sat down to eat and right away he said he didn‟t eat collard s and pork was unclean.( Muslims are forbidden by their religion to eat pork because it is considered unclean)Wangero, though, went on through the chitlin s ( also chitlings or chitterlings, the small intestines of pigs, used for food, a common dish in Afro-American households)and corn bread, the greens ( green leafy vegetables eaten cooked or raw) and everything else. She talked a blue streak( ( colloquial) anything regarded as like a streak of lightening in speed, vividness etc. T alk a blue streak:10. to talk much and rapidly) over ( while occupied or engaged in, Eg. To discuss the matter over lunch. // Let’s talk about the matter over a cup of coffee) the 25.sweet potatoes. Everything delighted her. Even the fact that we still used the benches her daddy made for the table when we couldn‟t afford to buy chairs.“Oh, Mama!” she cried. Then turned to Hakim-a-barber. “ I nev er knew how 26.lovely these benches are. You can feel the rump prints,”( depressions in the benches made by constant sitting) she said, running her hands underneath her and along the bench. Then she gave a sigh and her hand closed over Grandma Dee‟s butter dish. “ That‟s it!” she said. “ I knew there was something I wanted to ask you if I could have.” She jumped up from the table and went over in the corner where the churn stood, the milk in it clabber by now. ( The milk in it had become clabber by now.) She looked at the churn and looked at it.“The churn top is what I need,” she said. “ Didn‟t Uncle Buddy whittle it out of a tree you all used to have?”“Yes,” I said.“Uh, huh,”( interjection) an exclamation indicating an affirmative response)She said ha ppily. “ And I want the dasher (12. an instrument to be used to stir the milk)too.”“ Uncle Buddy whittle that, too?” asked the barber.Dee (Wangero) looked up at me.“Aunt Dee‟s first husband whittled that dash,” said Maggie so low you almost couldn‟t hear her.” His name was Henry, but they called him Stash.”“ Maggie‟s brain is like an elephant‟s,” (Elephant’s are paid to have good memories. Here Dee is being ironic)Wangero said, laughing. “ I can use the churn top as a centerpiece for the alcove ta ble,” she said, sliding a plate over the churn, “ and I‟ll think of something artistic to do with the dasher.”When she finished wrapping the dasher the handle stuck out. I took it for a moment in my hands. You don‟t even have to look close to see where ha nds pushing the dasher up and down to make butter had left a kind of sink(depressions in the wood of the handle left by the thumb and fingers) in the wood. In fact, there were a lot of small sinks; you could see where thumbs and fingers had sunk into the wood. It was beautiful light yellow wood, from a tree that grew in the yard where Big Dee and Stash had lived.After dinner Dee (Wangero) went to the trunk at the foot of my bed and started rifling through it. ( searching through the trunk as if she was ransacking and robbing the house.)Maggie hung back in the kitchen over the dishpan. ( Maggie was reluctant to come out from the kitchen.) Out came Wangero with two quilts. ( inverted sentence order to achieve vividness of description)They had been pieced by Grandma Dee and the Big Dee and me and hung them on the quilt frames on the front porch and quilted them. One was in the Lone Star pattern.( The design on the quilt had, perhaps, a single star) The other was Walk Around the Mountain.( Perhaps a quilt design showing a mountain) In both of them were scrap s of dresses Grandma Dee had worn fifty and more years ago. Bits and pieces of Grandpa Jarrell‟s Paisley shirts.( shirts having an elaborate, colorful pattern of intricate figures. It is called after paisley, a city in Scotland where shawls of such designs were originally made) And one teeny ( colloquial)variation of the word “tiny”) faded blue piece, about the size of a penny matchbox, ( a matchbox which costs a penny ( a US cent)that was from Gre at Grandpa Ezra‟s uniform that he wore in the Civil War.“Mama,” Wangero said sweet as a bird. “ Can I have these old quilts?”I heard something fall in the kitchen, and a minute later the kitchen door slam med.“Why don‟t you take one or two of the others?” I asked. “These old things was just done by me and big Dee from some tops your grandma pieced before she died.”“No,” said Wangero. “ I don‟t want those. They are stitched around the borders by machine.”“That‟ll make them last better,” I said.“ That‟s not the point,” said Wangero. “ These are all pieces of dresses Grandma used to wear. She did all this stitching by hand. Imagine!”She held the quilts securely in her arms, stroking them. ( This shows how she cherished the quilts and how determined she was to have them. Later we will learn that the mother offered Dee a quilt when she went away to college. At that time she thought the quilts were old-fashioned. Note the change Dee’s attitude towards the quilts.)“Some of the pieces, like those lavender ones, come from old clothes her mother handed down to her,” I said, moving up to touch the quilts. Dee (Wangero) moved back just enough so that I couldn‟t reach the quilts. They already belonged to her.“Imagine!” she breathed again, clutch ing them closely to her bosom.“The truth is,” I said, “ I promised to give them quilts to Maggie, for when she marries John Thomas.” ( Incorrect grammar:)She gasp ed like a bee had stung her.“Maggie can‟t appreciate these quilts!” she said. “She‟d probably be backward e nough to put them to everyday use.”( Here the snobbish Dee says that Maggie is not as well educated or sophisticated as she and that Maggie will not be able to appreciate the value of the quilts and will use them just as quilts, not as works of art)I reckon she would,” I said. “God knows I been saving …em for long enough with nobody using …em. I hope she will!” I didn‟t want to bring up how I had offered Dee (Wangero) a quilt when she went away to college. Then she had told me they were old-fashioned , out of style.“But they‟re priceless!”( italicized for emphasis)she was saying now, furiously; for she has a temper. “ Maggie would put the m on the bed and in five years they‟d be in rags. Less than that!”( 13. If Maggie put the old quilts on the bed, they would be in rags less than five years) “She can always make some more,” I said. “ Maggie knows how to quilt.”Dee (Wangero) looked at me with hatred. “ You just will not understand. The point is these quilts , these quilts!”“Well,” I said,stump ed.( colloquial) puzzled, perplexed, baffled)“ What would you do with them?”“ Hang them,” she said. As if that was the only thing you could do with quilts. ( She answered the question firmly and definitely as if that was the only right way of using quilts)Maggie by now was standing in the door. I could almost hear the sound her feet made as theyscrapped over each other.“She can have them, Mama,” she said like somebody used to never winning anything, or having anything reserved for her. “ I can…member( spoken English--- remember) Grandma Dee without the quilts.”I looked at her hard. She had filled her bottom lip with checkerberry snuff and it gave her face a kind dopey, ( colloquial) mentally slow or confused; stupid)hangdog look. It was Grandma Dee and Big Dee who taught her how to quilt herself. She stood there with her scarred hands hidden in the folds of her skirt. She looked at her sister with something like fear but she wasn‟t mad at her. This was Maggie‟s portion.( one’s lot; destiny) This was the way she knew God to work. (14.she knew t his was God’s arrangement) When I looked at her like that something hit me in the top of my head and ran down to the soles of my feet. ( It shows that one is suddenly filled with a new spirit or a thoroughly thrilling and exciting emotion caused by an entirely new experience)Just like when I‟m in church and the spirit of God touches me and I get happy and shout. I did something I never had done before: hugged Maggie to me, then dragged her into the room, snatch ed the quilts out of Miss Wangero‟s hands and dump ed them into Maggie‟s lap. Maggie just sat there on my bed with her mouth open.“Take one or two of the others,” I said to Dee.But she turned without a word and went out to Hakim-a-barber.“You don‟t understand,” she said, as Maggie and I came out to the car.“What don‟t I understand?” I wanted to know.“Your heritage,” she said. And then she turned to Maggie, kissed her, and said, “ You ought to try to make something of yourself, too, Maggie. It‟s really a new day for us. But from the way you and Mama still live you‟d never know it.”She put on her some sunglasses that hid everything above the tip of her nose and her chin.Maggie smiled: maybe at the sunglasses. But a real smile, not scared. After we watched the car dust settle I asked Maggie to bring me a dip of snuff. And then the two of us sat there just enjoying, until it was time to go in the home and go to bed.11。
高级英语UNIT4背景资料AfricanAmerica
Current situation and challenges
Social discrimination and inequality
Describe significant progress in civil rights, racial discrimination and inequality still exist in some areas of American society, affecting the lives and development of African Americans
AfricanAmerica refers to the percentages of black Africans who were broken to the Americas as slaves during the colonial period, as well as their mixed race percentages
Abolitionist Literature
This literature was produced by those campaigning for the opposition of slavery It's too much to look at the form of pamphlets, speeches, and newspaper articles, and was designed to raise awareness and mobile support
Contemporary African American Literature
This includes a wide range of works, including novels, poetry, plays, and non fiction, that deal with the experiences and challenges facing African Americans today
高级英语第一册Unit4-Everyday-UsePPT课件
sidle up: move up sideways, especially in a shy
or stealthy manner.
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16
第十六页，共五十四页。
Phrases and expressions
stand off: stand away,
in a distance
stare down: to stare back at another
ornamental, elaborate
manner.
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19
第十九页，共五十四页。
Phrases and expressions
blue steak: (colloquial) anything
regarded as like a streak of lightning in speed, vividness, etc. to talk a blue streak: to talk much and rapidly.
until the gaze of the one stared at is
turned away.
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17
第十七页，共五十四页。
Phrases and expressions
not round and not square:
irregular in shape.
in style: in a fashionable and
Moment when Dee, the elder daughter, wants the old quilts only
to be refused flatly by the mother, who intends to give them to Maggie, the younger one. The old quilts, made from pieces of clothes worn by grand- and great-grand parents and stitched by
高级英语教案Unit4
Unit 4 Writing Between the Lines
Before Reading
Global Reading
Detailed Reading
After Reading
Well, the physical act of writing, with your own hand, brings words and sentences more sharply before your mind and preserves them better in your memory.
Unit 4 Writing Between the Lines
Before Reading NhomakorabeaGlobal Reading
Detailed Reading
After Reading
Unless you do, you are not likely to do the most efficient kind of reading.
Paraphrase this sentence. If you write notes in the book yourself, the words and sentences will stand out more distinctly in your mind and last longer in your memory.
Explain this sentence in your own words.
Comprehension is a process involving both reception and production. If you are only ready to receive ideas like an empty container, you cannot expect to learn very much.
【高级英语】unit4_zoology_student version
Unit Four Zoology1.What can you do?1.2Word Expansion1.2.2Derivative2.Let’s readThe Domestication of AnimalsThe domestication of wild species led directly to denser human populations by yielding more food than thehunter-gatherer lifestyle could provide. In societies that possessed domestic animals, livestock helped to feed more people by providing meat, milk and fertilizer, and by pulling plows. Large domestic animals became the societies’ main source of animal protein, replacing wild game, and they also furnished wool, leather, and land transport. Humans have domesticated only a few species of large animals, with “large” defined as those weighing over 100 pounds (45 kilograms). Fourteen such species were domesticated before the twentieth century, all of them terrestrial mammals and herbivores. The five most import of these are sheep, goats, pigs, horses, and cattle or oxen.Small animals such as ducks, geese, rabbits, dogs, cats, mink, bees, and silkworms have also been domesticated. Many of these small animals provided food, clothing, or warmth. However, none of them pulled plows or wagons, none carried riders, and none except dogs pulled sleds. Furthermore, no small domestic animals have been as important for food as have large domestic animals.Early herding societies quickly domesticated all large mammal species that were suitable for domestication. There is archaeological evidence that these species were domesticated between 10,000 and 4,500 years ago, within the first few thousand years of the origins of farming-herding societies after the last Ice Age. The continent of Eurasia has been the primary site of large mammal domestication. Having the most species of wild mammals to begin with, and losing the fewest to extinction in the last 40,000 years, Eurasia has generated the most candidates for domestication.Domestication involves transforming wild animals into something more useful to humans. Truly domesticated animals differ in many ways from their wild ancestors. These differences result from two processes: human selection of individual animals that are more useful to humans than other individuals of the same species, and evolutionary responses of animals to the forces of natural selection operating in human environments rather than in wild environments.To be domesticated, a wild species must possess several characteristics. A candidate for domestication must be primarily a herbivore because it takes less plant biomass to feed a plant eater than it does to feed a carnivore that consumes plant eaters. No carnivorous mammal has ever been domesticated for food simply because it would be too costly. A candidate must not only weigh an average of over 100 pounds but also grow quickly. That eliminates gorillas and elephants, even though they are herbivores. Moreover, candidates for domestication must be able to breed successfully in captivity.Since almost any sufficiently large mammal species is capable of killing a human, certain qualities disqualify a wild animal for domestication. The animal cannot have a disposition that is nasty, dangerous, or unpredictable –characteristics that eliminate bears, African buffaloes, and some species of wild horses. The animal cannot be so nervous that it panics around humans. Large herbivores mammal species react to danger from predators or humans in different ways. Some species are nervous, fast and programmed for instant flight when they perceive danger. Others are less nervous, seek protection in herds, and do not run until necessary. Most species of deer and antelope are of the former type, while sheep and goats are of the latter.Almost all domesticated large mammals are species whose wild ancestors share three social characteristics: living in a herd, maintaining a dominance hierarchy in the herd, and having herds that occupy overlapping home ranges instead of mutually exclusive territories. Humans have taken advantage of these characteristics in keeping domestic animals together with others of their species and in close proximity to other species of domestic animals.2.1Exercises1. The word furnished in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning toA. demandedB. inventedC. providedD. changed2. According to the passage, what benefit of large domestic animals is not also provided by small animals?A. A source of foodB. A source of clothingC. The ability to pull a plowD. The ability to be ridden3. Which of the following can be inferred about large mammal species?A. Relatively few species have the necessary characteristics for domestication.B. More species of large mammals are domesticated as pets than for food.C. Only a few large terrestrial mammal species are primarily herbivores.D. All large mammals can be classified into one of five important groups.4. According to the passage, when did early humans domesticate all suitable large mammal species?A. After humans had populated every continentB. Before the Ice Age caused many animals to become extinctC. At the same time they domesticated small animalsD. Within a few thousand years after farming and herding began5. According to the passage, what is one reason that domesticated animals differ from their wild ancestors?A. Wild animals find food easily, but domesticated animals must work for food.B. Domesticated animals live near humans, so they forget their wild ancestors.C. Animals’ evolutionary responses in captivity differ from those in the wild.D. More animals survive in human environments than in wild environments.6. Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph 5? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A. Plant food is less expensive than meat, which explains why plant-eating animals are perfect candidates fordomestication.B. Herbivorous animals are likely to be domesticated because they eat less plant matter than what carnivores consumeindirectly.C. Domesticated animals are primarily plant eaters, but must wild animals are carnivores that feed on other animals.D. It is more difficult and costly to domesticate carnivores than to domesticate herbivores because carnivores are moredangerous.7. Why does the author mention gorillas and elephants in paragraph 5?A. To suggest that some overlooked animals could be domesticatedB. To illustrate the wide variety among large herbivoresC. To identify animals intelligent enough to avoid domesticationD. To give examples of animals that grow too slowly for domestication8. The word disqualify in paragraph 6 is closest in meaning toA. identifyB. displayC. rejectD. punish9. The word panics in paragraph 6 is closest in meaning toA. feels terrorB. refuses to eatC. attacks othersD. becomes ill10. What can be inferred from paragraph 6 about deer and antelope?A. They run away from humans only if threatened.B. They do not supply meat of a consistent quality.C. They are as dangerous as certain wild horses.D. They have not successfully been domesticated.11. All of the following are characteristics favorable to domestication EXCEPTA. weighing over 100 poundsB. unpredictable behaviorC. ability to breed in captivityD. living in a herd with a hierarchyWhere could the sentence best fit?Eurasia is a huge, ecologically diverse landmass, and therefore has a great many large mammal species.is archaeological evidence that these species were domesticated between 10,000 and 4,500 years ago, within the firstthe fewest to extinction in the last 40,000 years, Eurasia has generated the most candidates for domestication.13. Read the first sentence of a summary of the passage. Complete the summary by selecting THREE answer choices thatexpress the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.B. Ducks, geese, rabbits, dogs, cats, and many other small animals have been domesticated.C. Although herbivores eat mainly plant matter, some species occasionally eat small animals.D. Humans quickly domesticated all large mammal species that were suitable for domestication.E. Animals must have several essential characteristics in order to be domesticated successfully.F. Large herbivorous mammals respond in various ways when threatened by predators.2.3All In One:a) Eurasia has the most species of wild mammals to begin with.b) Eurasia loses the fewest to extinction in the last 40,000 years.c) Eurasia has generated the most candidates for domestication.Long sentence 1: ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________a) A candidate for domestication must be primarily a herbivore.b) It takes less plant biomass to feed a plant eater than it does to feed a carnivore.c) A carnivore consumes plant eaters.Long sentence 2: ______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________a)Not all species can be domesticated.b)Only the species with the following three social characteristics can be domesticated.c)They live in a herd.d)They maintain a dominance hierarchy in the herd.e)These herds occupy overlapping home ranges instead of mutually exclusive territories. Long sentence 3: ______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.4Summary3.Let’s Listen3.1Note taking3.2Exercises1. What topics does the professor mainly discuss?A. How predators find, catch, and eat preyB. Behaviors that help prey avoid predatorsC. Changes in predator and prey populationsD. Defensive coloration in prey animals2. Why does the professor say this:A. To explain why prey animals must be fast runnersB. To compare the amount of energy used by predators and preyC. To illustrate a disadvantage of an active anti-predator responseD. To give an example of an adaptation that benefits predators3. What takes place during a mobbing event?A. A prey animal runs away from a predator.B. Prey species chase, scold, and attack a predator.C. Predators join together in a group to hunt prey.D. The population of a prey species increases rapidity.4. Listen again to part of lecture. Then answer the question.A. To explain why camouflage is not a perfect defenseB. To imply that birds and moths evolved at the same timeC. To describe how birds use their eyesight to find foodD. To compare the survival strategies of birds and moths5. What does the professor mean when she says this:A. Some birds have discovered that brightly-colored insects taste good.B. Some birds have chemical defenses similar to those of insects.C. Some birds appear able to manage the poison of bees and wasps.D. Some birds may have forgotten the meaning of bright coloration.6. Based on the information in the lecture, indicate whether each situation below involves camouflage, chemical weapons, or warning coloration.4.Let’s speakYou will read a short passage and then listen to a talk on the same topic. You will then be asked a question about them. After you hear the question, you will have 30 seconds to prepare your response and 60 seconds to speak.Alarm CallsMost animals have predators that they have to worry about, and with social animals, one of the methods that they use is something called an alarm call. It is a method that animals use to signal to and communicate with each other, and many primates and birds have elaborate alarm calls for approaching predators. And different calls may be used for different types of predators. So as an example, for certain monkeys, there’s a specific call for snakes, leopards, and eagles. And each of the calls elicits different responses from the group. Though it is a vital part of survival, there are also certain negatives that come with this type of system as well.Now, let’s listen to a lecture on this subject.Note-taking:Question: Using examples from the lecture, explain the negative effects of the alarm calls.5.It’s your turn5.1Language Enhancement5.1.1Find the synonym5.1.2Paraphrase the following sentencesUnit Four Zoology11/ 11。
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Unit 4Inaugural Addressby John F. KennedyTeaching Points⏹I. Background information⏹II. Structural analysis⏹III. Text analysis⏹IV. Rhetorical devicesI. Background information⏹1. John F. KennedyKennedy’s ChildhoodKennedy’s YouthKennedy’s Love StoryKennedy’s FamilyKennedy’s Political Career1960 Presidential ElectionKennedy as President(January 20, 1961 to November 22, 1963)Assassination and BurialA List of Facts about Kennedy⏹The youngest elected president at 43 years old, and the youngest to die in office at 46years old.⏹Of Irish descent and the first Roman Catholic President.⏹The first President born in the 1900's.⏹The first president who had served in the U.S. Navy.⏹Nicknames: "JFK"; "Jack".⏹The only president to win a Pulitzer Prize.Kennedy’s Books⏹1940: Why England Slept.⏹The twenty-four-year-old son of the U.S. ambassador to England assesses the reasonswhy Britain failed to rearm during the 1930s and its implications for the United States.⏹1956: Profiles in Courage.⏹Kennedy's testimonial on behalf of eight political leaders' tests of conscience earns thePulitzer Prize as well as attention for the budding politician and future president. Later reports indicates that Kennedy's friend and advisor Theodore Sorensen is the book's actual author.I. Background information⏹2. Presidency and InaugurationTHE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA⏹The English version/usa/History/docs/consteng.htm/american%20constitution⏹The Chinese version/zhexue/other/mgxfgl/Executive Oath of Office⏹“I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of theUnited States, and will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect and defend theConstitution of the United States.”—United States Constitution, Article II, Section 1, Clause 8⏹“我庄严宣誓（或郑重声明），我一定忠实执行合众国总统职务，竭尽全力贯彻、保护和捍卫合众国宪法。
”U.S. Inaugural Addresses⏹From George Washington to George Bush, Presidents have used inaugural addresses toarticulate their hopes and dreams for a nation. Collectively, these addresses chronicle the course of this country from its earliest days to the present.⏹Washington's second inaugural address on March 4, 1793 required only 135 words and isthe shortest ever given. The longest on record—8,495 words—was delivered in asnowstorm March 4, 1841 by William Henry Harrison.⏹Full texts of all U.S. Inaugural Addresses at InaugurationKennedy’s Inaugural AddressI. Background information⏹3. Cold WarII. Structural analysis⏹ 1. Type of literature: political speech⏹ 2. Objective of a political speech: to explain; to convince; to persuade⏹ 3. Using the following methods for force, vividness and emotional appeal: 1)parallelstructure 2)repetition of important words and phrases 3)antithesis 5)appropriate use of words 6)often-quoted statements/from BibleIII. Textual Analysis⏹ 1. Employing suitable rhetorical devices and words to create the desired emotional impact ⏹ 2. Clear order and appropriate tone to the different groups he is addressing⏹ 3. Employing Biblical style deliberatelyAppropriate use of words⏹To our sister republics south of our border, we offer a special pledge…(P.9)⏹To those nations who would make themselves our adversary, we offer not a pledge but arequest…(P.11)Biblical language⏹…our forbears fought is still at issue around the globe…the rights of man come not fromthe generosity of the state but from the hand of God.(P.2)⏹Let the word go forth from this time and place…(P. 3)⏹Rejoicing in hope, patient in tribulation (P.22)IV. Rhetorical Devices⏹ 1. parallelism⏹ 2. repetition⏹ 3. antithesisParallelism⏹…born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace…. (para. 3)⏹…pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend….(para. 4)Parallelism⏹The mediocre teacher tells. The good teacher explains. The superior teacherdemonstrates. The great teacher inspires. --William A. Ward⏹The mistakes of the fool are known to the world, but not to himself. The mistakes of thewise man are known to himself, but not to the world.--Charles Caleb Colton⏹Tell me and I forget. Teach me and I may remember. Involve me and I will learn.⏹--Benjamin FranklinRepetition of phrases⏹To those old allies…To those new states…To those peoples…To those nations… (paras. 6, 7, 8, 10, 11)⏹Let both sides…Let both sides…Let both sides…Let both sides… (paras.15-18)Antithesis⏹United, there is little…Divided, there is little…(para.6)⏹If a free society cannot.. who are rich.(para.8)⏹Let both sides explore…divided us.(para.15)Paraphrase⏹And yet the same revolutionary belief for which our forebears fought is still…(Para. 2)⏹Our ancestors fought a revolutionary war to maintain that all men were created equal, buttoday this issue has not yet been decided in many countries around the world.⏹This much we pledge—and more. (Para. 5)⏹This much we promise to do and we promise to do more.⏹United, there is little we cannot do in the host of cooperative ventures. (Para. 6)⏹United and working together we can accomplish a lot of things in a great number of jointundertakings.⏹But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. (Para. 9) ⏹We will not allow any enemy country to subvert this peaceful revolution which brings hopeof progress to all our countries.⏹…our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced theinstruments of peace. (Para.10)⏹The UN is our last and best hope of survival in an age where the instruments of war havesurpassed and exceeded the instruments peace.⏹…to enlarge the area in which its writ may run. (Para.10)⏹We pledge to help the UN enlarge the area in which its authority and mandate wo uldcontinue to be in effect.⏹…before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity inplanned or accidental self-destruction. (Para.11)⏹…before the terrible forces of destruction, which science can now release, overwhelmmankind.⏹…yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind’sfinal war. (Para. 13)⏹Yet both groups of nations are trying to change as quickly as possible this uncertainbalance of terrible military power which restrains each group from launching mankind’s final war.⏹So let us begin anew, remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness.(Para.17)⏹So let us start once again (to discuss and negotiate) and let us remember that being politeis not a sign of weakness.⏹Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors. (Para. 17)⏹Let both sides try to call forth the wonderful things that science can do for mankind instead of the frightfulthings it can do.⏹Each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty.(Para. 21)⏹Americans of every generation have been called upon to prove their loyalty to theircountry.⏹With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, letus go force to lead the land we love. (Para.27)⏹With God’s blessing and help, let us start leading the country we love, knowing that on earth we must do whatGod wants us to do, let history finally judge whether we have done our task well or not but our sure reward will be a good conscience for we will have worked sincerely and to the best of our ability.。