剑桥雅思 Text 听力原文

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剑桥雅思Text听力原文

剑桥雅思Text听力原文T e s t 1 Section 1A:Hi，George! Glad you're back. Loads of people have phoned you.B: ReallyA: I felt just like your secretary!B: Sorry! I went into the library this afternoon to have a look at a newspaper and I came across something really interesting A: What A bookB:No，a brochure(EXAMPLE) from a summer festival - mainly Spanish music. Look，I've got it here.A: Spanish music I really love the guitar. Let's have a look. So what's this group ‘Guitarrini'B: They're really good. They had a video Q1with all the highlights of the festival at a stand in the lobby to the library，so I heard them. They play fantastic instruments - drums and flutes and old kinds of guitars. I've never heard anything like it before.A: Sounds great.B: Okay. Shall we go then Spoil ourselves Yes，let's.A: The only problem is there aren't any cheap seats . . . it's all one price. Well，in that case we could sit right at the front - we'd have a really good view.B:Yeah，though I think that if you sit at the back You can actually hear the whole thingA: Yes. Anyway we can decide when we get there.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A: So will you fill in the form or shallB: 1'11 do it. Name: George O'Neill. Address: 18 North Avenue Q3,Westsea. Do you remember our new postcode Still can't remember it.A: Just a minute - I've got it written down here. WS6 2YH Q4. Do you need the phonetooB: Please. I'm really bad at numbers.A:.Q5 So，let's book two tickets for Guitarrini.B: Okay. If you're sure each is all right. How do you feel about the singerA: I haven't quite decided. But I've noticed something on the booking form thatmight just persuade me!B: What's that thenA: Free refreshments!B: ReallyA: Yes，look here. Sunday 17th of June. Singer, ticket includes drinks Q6 in thegarden.B: Sounds Iike a bargain to me!A: Yes，let's book two tickets for that. So, what else I'm feeling quite keennow! How about the pianist Q7 on the 22nd of JuneB: Anna Ventura I've just remembered that's my evening c1ass night.A: That's okay. I’ll just have to go on my own - but we can go to the Spanishdance and guitar concert together，can't weB: Yes -I'm sure Tom and Kieran would enjoy that too. Good heavens-Q8 a ticket!I can see we're going to have to go without food for the rest of the week - we'llneed to book four! Q9A:Wish we were students 一look! Children，Students and Senior Citizens get a50%Q10 discount on everything. B: If only!Section 2Hello,and thank you for asking me to your teachers' meeting to talk about theDinosaur Museum and to tell you a bit about what you can do with your studentsthere.Well,let me give you some of the basic information first. In regard to openinghours,we're open every day of the week from am to pm except on Mondays when we close at ,in fact the only day in the year when we’re closed is on the 25th of December Q11&12. You can book a guided tour for your school group any time that we're open. If you bring a school group to the museum,when you arrive we ask you to remain with your group i n the car park. One or more of the tour guides will welcome you there and brief you Q13 about what the tour will be about. We do this there because our entrance is quite small and we really haven't got much room for briefing groups in the exhibition area.As far as the amount of time you'll need goes,if you bring a school group you should plan on allowing a minimum of 90 minutes for the visit. This allows 15 minutes to get on and off the coach,45 minutes Q14for the guided tour and 30 minutes for after-tour activities.If you're going to have lunch at the museum you will,ofcourse,have to allow more time. The re are two cafés in the museum,with seating for 80 people. If you want to eat there you'lI need to reserve some seating, as they can get quite crowed at lunch time. Then utside the museum at the back there are tables Q15, and students can bring their own lunch and eat it there in the open air.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- When the students come into the museum foyer we ask them to check in their backpacks with their books,lunch boxes , etc, at the cloakroom before they enter the museum proper. I'm afraid in the past we have had a few things gone missing after school visits so this is a strict rule. Also,some of the exhibits are fragile and we don't want them to be accidentally knocked. But we do provide school students with handouts with questions and quizzes on them.Q16-18There's so much that students can learn in the muse um and it’s fun for them to have something to do. Of course! They’ll need to bring somet hing to write with for these. We do allow students to take photograph.Q16-18 For students who are doing projects it's useful to make some kind of visual record of what they see that they can add to their reports. And finally, they should not bring anything to eat into the museum, or drinks of any kind. There are also a few things the students can do after the tour. In the theatre on the ground floor there are continuous screenings of short documentaries about dinosaurs which they can see any time.Q19&20We used to have an activity room with more interactive things like making models of dinosaurs and drawing and painting pictures, even hunting for dinosaur eggs, butunfortunately the room was damaged in a bad stormrecently when water came in the roof, so tha1's closed at the moment. But we do have an IT Centre where students have access to CD ROMs with a range of dinosaur games. Q19&20These games are a lot of fun, but they also teach the students about the lives of dinosaurs, how they found food, protected their habitat, survived threats, that kind of thing.And . . .I think that's all 1 have to tell you. Please feel free to ask any questions if you would like to know anything else.Section 3T: Right, Sandra. You wanted to see me to get some feedback on your group's proposal. The one you're submitting for the Geography society field trip competition. I've had a look through your proposal and I think it's a really good choice. In fact, I only have a few things to say about it, but even in an outline document like this you really have to be careful to avoid typos and problems with layout in the proposal, and even in the contents page. so read it through carefully before submitting it, okayS: Will do.T: And I've made a few notes on the proposal about things which could have been better sequencedQ2I.S: Okay.T: As for the writing itself, I’ve annotated the proposal as and where I thought it could be improved. Generally speaking, I feel you've often used complex structures and long sentences for the sake of it and as a consequence . . . although your paragraphing and inclusion of sub-headings help . . . it's quite hard to follow your train of thought at times. So cut them down a bit,can vouQ22S: ReallyT: Yes. And don't forget simple formatting like numbering.S: Didn't I use page numbersT: I didn't mean that. Look, you’ve remembered to include headers and footers, which is good, but listing ideas clearly is Number them or use bullet points, which is even clearer. Then you'll focus the reader on your main points. I thought your suggestion to go to the Navajo Tribal Park was a very good idea.S: I've always wanted to go there. My father was a great fan of cowboy films andthe Wild West so I was subjected to seeing all the epics, many of which were shot there. As a consequence,Q24 it feels very familiar to me and it's awesome both geographically and usually, so it's somewhere I've always wanted to The subsequent research I did and the online photographs made me even keener.T: Interesting. Right, let’s look at the cont ent of your proposal now.S: Did you find it comprehensive enoughT: Well, yes and no. You've listed several different topics on your contents page, but I'm not sure they're all relevant.S: No Well, I thought that from the perspective of a field trip, one thing I needed to focus on was the sandstone plateaux and cliffs the way they tower up from the flat landscape is just amazing. The fact that the surrounding softer rocks were eroded by wind and rain, leaving these huge outcrops high above the plain. It's hardly surprising that tourists flock to see the area.T: Well, yes, I’d agree e with including those points . . .S: And then the fact that it's been home to native American Navajos and all the social history that goes with that. The hardships they endured trying to save their territory from the invading settlers. Their culture is so rich - all those wonderfulstories.T: Well, I agree it's interesting, but it's not immediately relevant to your proposal, Sandra, so at this stage, I suggest you focus on other considerations.I think an indication of what the students on the trip could actually do when they get there should be far more centraI,Q25-27so that certainly needs to be included and to be expanded upon. And I'd like to see something about the local wildlife, and vegetation too, Q25-27not that I imagine there’s much to see. Presumably the tourist invasion hasn't helped.S: O kay, I ’II do some work on those two areas as well. But you're right, there's not much apart from some very shallow-rooted species. Although it's cold and snowy there in the winter, the earth is baked so hard in the summer sun that rainwater can't it’s a case of flood or drought, really.T: So, I understand. Now, before we look at everything in more detail, I’ve got few actual qu estions for you. It would be a good idea to include the answers in your finished proposal, because they're missing from your draft.S: Fine.T: so, you mentioned the monoliths and the spires, which was good, but what area does the tribal park cover Do you know S: I2,000 hectares,Q28 and the plain is at about 5,850 meters above sea level.T: Larger than I expected. Okay. Where's the nearest accommodation That's a practical detail that you haven't included. Have you done any research on thatS: Yes. There's nowhere to stay in the park itself, but there's an old trading post called Goulding quite near. AII kinds of tours start from Goulding, too.T: What kind of toursS: Well,the most popular are in four-wheel drive jeeps - but I wouldn't recommend hiring those. I think the best way to appreciate the area wouldn’t be to hire horsesQ29 instead and trek around on those. Biking is not allowed and it's impossible to drive around the area in private vehicles. The tracks are too rough.T: Okay, lastly, what else is worth visiting thereS: There are several caves, but I haven’t looked into any details. I'II find out about them.T: Okay, good. Now what I'd like to know is . . .Section 4So, welcome to your introductory geography lecture. We’ll begin with some basics. Firstly what do we learn by studying geographyWell, we learn a great deal about all the processes that have affected and that continue to affect the earth's we learn far more than that, because studying geography also informs us about the different kinds of relationships that develop between a particular environments Q32and the people that live there.Okay. We like to think of geography as having two main branches. There's the study of the natureof our planet - its physical features, what it actually looks like - and then there's the study of the ways in which we choose to live and of the impact Q33of those on our planet. Our current use of carbon fuels is a good example of that.But there are more specific study areas to consider too, and we’ll be looking a t each of these in turn throughout this semester. These include bio-physical geography, by which 1 mean the study of the natural environment and all its living things. Then there's topography- that looks at the shapes ofthe land and oceans. There's the study of political geography and social geography too, of course, which is the study of communities of people. We have economic geography - in which we examine all kinds of resources and their use - agriculture, for example. Next comes historical geography - the understanding of how people and their environments and the ways they interact have changed over a period of time -and urbanQ34geography, an aspect I'm particularly interested in, which takes as its focus the location of cities, the services that those cities provide, and migration of people to and from such cities. And lastly, we have cartography. That's the art and science of map- making. You'll be doing a lot of that!So, to summarize before we continue, we now have our key answer . . . studying this subject is important because without geographical knowledge, we would know very little about our surroundings and we wouldn't be able to identify all the problemsQ35that relate to them. so, by definition, we wouldn't be in an informed position to work out how to solve any of them.Okay, now for some practicalities. What do geographers actually do Well, we collect data to begin with! You’ll be doing a lot of that on your first field trip! How do we do this There are several means. We might, for example, conduct a census - count a population in a given area perhaps. We also need image Q36 of the earth's surface which we can produce by means of computer-generation technology or with the help of satellite relays. We've come a very long way from the early exploration of the world by sailing ships when geographers only had pens and paper at their disposal.After we've gathered our information, we must analyse it! We need to look for pattern,Q37 most commonly those of causesand consequences. This kind of information helps us to predict and resolve problems that could affect the world we live in.But we don't keep all this information confidential. We then need to publish our findings so that other people can access it and be informed by it .And one way in which this information can be published is in the form of maps. You'll all have used one at some stage of your life already.Let's consider the benefits of maps from a geographer's perspective.Maps can be folded and put in a pocket and can provide a great store of reference when they're collected into an atlas. They can depict the physical features of the entire planet if necessary, or, just a small part of it in much greater detail.But there is a drawback. You can't exactly replicate something that is three-dimensional, like our planet, on a map at piece of paper, because paper has only two dimensions, and that means there’ll always be a certain degree of distortionQ38 a map. It can't be avoided.We can also use aerial photographs . . . pictures taken by cameras at high altitude above the earth. These are great for showing all kinds of geographical features that are not easy to see from the ground. You can easily illustrate areas of diseased trees or how much traffic Q39 is on the roads at a given time or information about deep sea beds, for example.Then there are Landsats. These are satellites that circle the earth and transmit visual information to computers at receiving stations. They circle the earth several times a day and can provide a mass of information –you’ll all be familiar with the information they give us about the weatherQ40 for example. So, what we're going to do now is look at a short presentation in which you'IIsee all these tools.. .。

雅思剑桥8text1听力section2原稿

hello,and thank you for asking me to your teachers' meeting to told about the dinosaur museum and to tell you a bit about what you can do with your students on thereWell let me give you some of the basic information firstIn regard to opening hoursWe are open every day of the week from 9.am to 8.pm except on mondays,when we close it at 1.30 pmAnd in fact the only day in the year when we are closed is on the 25th decemberYou can book a guided tour for your school group any time that we are openif you bring a school group to the museumwhen you arrive we ask you to remain with your group at your car parkone or more of the tour guides will welcome you thereand brief you what the tour will be aboutwe do this there because our entrance is quite smalland we really haven't got much room for briefing group in the exhibition areaas far as the amount of time you'll need goesif you bring a school groupyou should plan on allowing a minimum of 90 minutes for the visitthis allow 15minutes to get on and off the coach45 minutes for the guided tourand 30 minutes for the after tour activitiesif you are going to have lunch at the museumyouwill,ofcourse,have to allow to have more timethere are two cafes in the museumwith sitting for 80 peopleif you want to eat there you'll need to reserve some seatingas they can get quite crowded at lunch timethen outside the museum at the back there are tablesand students can bring their own lunch and eat there in the open airwhen the students coming into the museum foyerwe ask them to check in the backpacks with their bookslunch boxes at the cloakroombefore they enter the museum properi am afraid in the past we have had few things gone missing after the school visitso this is a strict rulealso some of the exhibits are fragileand we don't want to be accentidentally knockedbut we do provide school students have handouts with questions and quizzes on themthere is so much that students can learn in the museumand it is fun for them to have something to doof course they'll need to bring something to write with for thesewe do allow students to have photographsfor students who doing projectsit is useful to make some kind of visual record of what they seethat they can add to their reportsand finallythey should not bring anything to eat into the museumor drinks of any kindthere are also a few things a student can do after the tourin the theatrette on the ground floorthere are continuous screenings of shout documentaries about dinosaurs which they can see at anytimewe used to have an activity room with more interactive things such as making dinosaur model and drawing and painting pictures and even hunting on the dinosaur eggsbut unfortunately the room was damaged in the bad storm recently when the water came in the roofso that is closed at the momentbut we do have an it centerwhere students have access to cd rowswith a range of dinosaur gamesthis game have a lot of funbut they also teach the students about the lives of dinosaurs how they found foodprotected the habitatsurvived threatthat kind of thingand that's all i have to tell you。

剑桥雅思听力test文本

剑桥雅思听力test文本－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－剑桥雅思听力t e s t文本文稿归稿存档编号：[KKUY-KKIO69-OTM243-OLUI129-G00I-FDQS58-剑11-Test 1听力文本SECTION?1Hello?Oh,?hello.?I?wanted?to?enquire?about?hiring?a?room?inthe?Village?Hall,?for?the?evening?of?September?thefirst.Let?me?just?see...Yes,?we?have?both?rooms?available that?evening. There's?our?Main?Hall- that's?got?seating?for?200people.?Or?there's?the?Charlton?Room. ..Sorry?The?Charlton?Room?-?C-H-A-R-l-T-0-N.That's?got?seating?for?up?to?one?hundred.Well,?we're?organising?a?dinner?to?raise?money?for?a?charity,?and?we're?hoping?for?at?least?150people,so?I?think?we'll?go?for?the?Main?Hall.How?much?would?that?cost?Let's?see.?You?wanted?it?for?the?evening?of?September?1st? Yes,?that's?a?Saturday.So?from?6?p.?m.?to?midnight?that'd?be?115?pounds-that's?the?weekend?price,?it's?75?pounds?onweekdays.That's?all?right.And?I?have?to?tell?you?there's?also?a?deposit?of?250?pounds,?which?is?returnable?of?course?aslong?as?there's?no?damage.But?we?do?insist?that?this?is?paid?in?cash,?we?don't?take?cards ?for?that.You?can?pay?the?actual?rent?of?the?room?however?you?like?though ?cash,?credit?card,?cheq ue...Oh,?well?I?suppose?that's?OK.So?does?the?charge?include?use?of?tables?and?chairs?and?so?on?Oh,?yes.And?what?about?parking?Yeah?that's?all?included.The?only?thing?that?isn't?included?is?that...you?said?you?were? organising?a?dinner?Yeah.Well,?you'll?have?to?pay?extra?for?the?kitchen?if?you?want?to?u se?that.?It's?25?pounds.It's?got?very?good?facilities?—?good?quality?cookers?and?fridges?and?so?on.OK,?well?I?suppose?that's?all?right.We?can?cover?the?cost?in?our?entry?charges.Right.?So?I'll?make?a?note?of?that.Now?there?are?just?one?or?two?things?you?need?to?think?about?be fore?the?event.For?example,?you'll?have?to?see?about?getting?a?licence?if?you're?planning?to?have?any?musicduring?the?meal.Oh,?really?It's?quite?straightforward,?I'll?give?you?the?details?later?on.And?about?a?week?or?ten?days?before?your?event?you'll?need?to?contact?the?caretaker,?that's?MrEvans,to?make?the?arrangements?for?entry-?he'Il?sort?that?out?with?you.And?do?I?give?him?the?payment?as?well?No,?you?do?that?directly?with?me.Right. Now is there anything I need to know about what happens during the event?Well, as you'll be aware, of course the building is no smoking throughout.Of course.Now, are you having a band?Yes.Well, they'll have a lot of equipment,so rather than using the front door they should park their van round the back and use the stage door there.You can open that from inside but don't forget to lock it at the end.OK.And talking of bands, I'm sure I don't need to tell you this, but you must make sure that no one fiddles about with the black box by the fire doorthat's a system that cuts in when the volume reaches a certain level. It's a legal requirement.Sure. Anyway, we want people to be able to talk to one another so we don't want anything too loud.Oh, that reminds me, we'll be having speeches-are there any microphones available?Yeah. Just let the caretaker know, he'll get those for you. Right, now when the event is over we do ask that the premises are left in good condition.So there's a locked cupboard and you'Il be informed of the code you need to open that.It's got all the cleaning equipment, brushes and detergent and so on.Right, so what do we need to do after everyone's gone?Sweep the floors I suppose?Well actually they have to be washed not just swept.Then you'll be provided with black plastic bags,so all the rubbish must be collected up and left outside the door.Of course. We'll make sure everything's left tidy.Oh. and I forgot to ask.I presume we can have decorations in the room?Yes, but you must take them down afterwards.Sure.And the chairs and tables should be stacked up neatly at the back of the room.I'll make sure I've got a few people to help me.Section 2Welcome to the Fiddy Working Heritage Farm.This open-air museum gives you the experience of agriculture and rural life in the English countryside at the end of the nineteenth century.So you'll see a typical farm of that period, and like me, all the staff are dressed in clothes of that time.I must give you some advice and safety tips before we go any further.As it's a working farm, please don't frighten or injure the animals.We have a lot here, and many of them are breeds that are now quite rare.And do stay at a safe distance from the tools:some of them have sharp points which can be pretty dangerous, so please don't touch them.We don't want any accidents, do we?The ground is very uneven, and you might slip if you're wearing sandalsso I'm glad to see you're all wearing shoes - we always advise people to do that.Now, children of all ages are very welcome here, and usually even very young children love the ducks and lambs,so do bring them along next time you come.I don't think any of you have brought dogs with you, but in case you have,I'm afraid they'll have to stay in the car park, unless they're guide dogs.I'm sure you'll understand that they could cause a lot of problems on a farm.Now let me give you some idea of the layout of the farm.The building where you bought your tickets is the New Barn, immediately to your right,and we're now at the beginning of the main path to the farmland — and of course the car park is on your left.The scarecrow you can see in the car park in the corner beside the main path,is a traditional figure for keeping the birds away from crops, but our scarecrow is a permanentsculpture.It's taller than a human being, so you can see it from quite a distance.If you look ahead of you you'll see a maze.It's opposite the New Barn beside the side path that branches off to the right just over there.The maze is made out of hedges which are too tall for young children to see over them,but it's quite small, so you can't get lost in it!Now can you see the bridge crossing the fish pool further up the main path?If you want to go to the cafe go towards the bridge and turn right just before it.Walk along the side path and the cafe's on the first bend you come to.The building was originally the schoolhouse, and it's well over a hundred years old.As you may know, we run skills workshops here,where you can learn traditional crafts like woodwork andbasket-making.You can see examples of the work, and talk to someone about the courses, in the Black Barn.If you take the side path to the right here just by the New Barn you'll come to the Black Barn just where the path first bends.Now I mustn't forget to tell you about picnicking, as I can see some of you have brought your lunch with you.You can picnic in the field, though do clear up behind you, of course.Or if you'd prefer a covered picnic area there's one near the farm yard:just after you cross the bridge there's a covered picnics spot on the right.And the last thing to mention is Fiddy House itself.From here you can cross the bridge then walk along the foot path through the field to the left of the farm yard.That goes to the house, and it'll give you a lovely view of it. It's certainly worth a few photographs, but as it's a private home, I'm afraid you can't go inside.Right. Well, if you're all ready, we'll set off on our tour of the farm.Section 3OK, Greg, so I finally managed to read the article youmentioned the one about the study on gender in physics. Aboutthe study of college students done by Akira Miyake and his team? Yeah. I was interested that the researchers were actually a mix of psychologists and physicists.That's an unusual combination. Yeah. I got a little confused at first about which students the study was based on. They weren't actually majoring in physics —they were majoring in what's known as the STEM disciplines.That's science, technology, engineering and...-...and math.Yes, but they were all doing physics courses as part of their studies.That's correct. So as I understood it, Miyake and co startedfrom the fact that women are underrepresented in introductory physics courses at college,and also that on average, the women who do enrol on thesecourses perform more poorly than the men.No one really knows why this is the case.Yeah. But what the researchers wanted to find out was basically what they could do about the relatively low level of the women's results.But in order to find a solution they needed to find out more about the nature of the problem.Right. Now let's see if I can remember...it was that in the physics class,the female students thought the male students all assumed that women weren't any good at physics...was that it?And they thought that the men expected them to get poor results in their tests.That's what the women thought, and that made them nervous, so they did get poor results.But actually they were wrong...No one was making an assumptions about the female students at all.Anyway, what Miyake's team did was quite simple — getting the students to do some writing before they went into the physics class.What did they call it?Values-affirmation —they had to write an essay focusing on things that were significant to them,not particularly to do with the subject they were studying,but more general things like music or people who mattered to them.Right. So the idea of doing the writing is that this gets the students thinking in a positive way.And putting these thoughts into words can relax them and help them overcome the psychological factors that lead to poor performance. Yeah.But what the researchers in the study hadn't expected was that this one activity raised the women's physics grades from the C to the B range.A huge change. Pity it wasn't to an A, but still!No, but it does suggest that the women were seriously underperforming beforehand, in comparison with the men.Yes. Mind you, Miyake's article left out a lot of details. Like, did the students do the writing just once, or several times?And had they been told why they were doing the writing? That might have affected the results.You mean, if they know the researchers thought it might help them to improve, then they'd just try to fulfil that expectation?Exactly.So anyway, I thought for our project we could do a similar study,but investigate whether it really was the writing activity that had that result.OK.So we could ask them to do a writing task about something completely different...something more factual?Like a general knowledge topic.Maybe...or we could have half the students doing a writing task and half doing something else, like an oral task.Or even, half do the same writing task as in the original research and half do a factual writing task. Then we'd see if it really is the topic that made the difference, or something else.That's it. Good. So at our meeting with the supervisor on Monday we can tell him we've decided on our project.We should have our aims ready by then.I suppose we need to read the original study — the article's just a summary.And there was another article I read, by Smolinsky.It was about her research on how women and men perform in mixed teams in class, compared with single-sex teams and on their own. Let me guess...the women were better at teamwork.That's what I expected, but actually the men and the women got the same results whether they were working in teams or on their own.But I guess it's not that relevant to us.What worries me anyway is how we're going to get everything done in the time.We'll be OK now we know what we're doing.Though I'm not clear how we assess whether the students in our experiment actually make any progress or not...No. We may need some advice on that.The main thing's to make sure we have the right size sample, not too big or too small.That shouldn't be difficult.Right, what do we need to do next?We could have a look at the time table for the science classes...or perhaps we should just make an appointment to see one of the science professors. That'd be better.Great. And we could even get to observe one of the classes. What for?Well...OK maybe let's just go with your idea. Right, well... Section 4I've been looking at ocean biodiversity, that's the diversity of species that live in the world's oceans.About 20 years ago biologists developed the idea of what they called 'biodiversity hotspots'.These are the areas which have the greatest mixture of species, so one example is Madagascar.These hotspots are significant because they allow us to locate key areas for focusing efforts atconservation.Biologists can identify hotspots on land, fairly easily,but until recently, very little was known about species distribution and diversity in the oceans,and no one even knew if hotspots existed there.Then a Canadian biologist called Boris Worm did some research in 2005 on data on ocean species that he got from the fishing industry. Wormlocated five hotspots for large ocean predators like sharks, and looked at what they had in common.The main thing he'd expected to find was that they had very high concentrations of food but to his surprise that was only true for four of the hotspots — the remaining hotspot was quite badly off in that regard.But what he did find was that in all cases,the water at the surface of the ocean had relatively high temperatures even when it was cool at greater depths,so this seemed to be a factor in supporting a diverse range of these large predators.However, this wasn't enough on its own, because he also found that the water needed to have enough oxygen in it so these two factors seemed necessary to support the high metabolic rate of these large fish. A couple of years later, in 2007, a researcher called Lisa Ballance, who was working in California, also started looking for ocean hotspots, but not for fish what she was interested in was marine mammals things like seals.And she found three places in the oceans which were hotspots, and what these had in common was that these hotspots were all located at boundaries between ocean currents, and this seems to be the sort of place that has lots of the plankton that some of these species feed on.So now people who want to protect the species that are endangered need to get as much information as possible.For example, there's an international project called the Census of Marine Life. They've been surveying oceans all over the world, including the Arctic.One thing they found there which stunned other researchers was that there were large numbers of species which live below the ice sometimes under a layer up to 20 meters thick. Some of these species had never been seen before. They've even found species of octopus living in these conditions.And other scientists working on the same project, but researching very different habitats on the ocean floor, have found large numbers of species congregating around volcanoes, attracted to them by the warmth and nutrients there. However, biologists still don't know how serious the threat to their survival is for each individual species.So a body called the Global Marine Species Assessment is now creating a list of endangered species on land. So they consider things like the size of the population — how many members ofone species there are in a particular place and then they look at their distribution in geographical terms.Although this is quite difficult when you're looking at fish, because they're so mobile, and then thirdly the calculate the rate at which the decline of the species is happening.So far only 1,500 species have been assessed, but they want to increase this figure to 20,000. For each one they assess, theyuse the data they collect on that species to produce a map showing its distribution. Ultimately they will be able to use these to figure out notonly where most species are located but also where they aremost threatened.So finally, what can be done to retain the diversity of species in the world's oceans?Firstly, we need to set up more reserves in our oceans, places where marine species are protected.We have some, but not enough. In addition, to preserve species such as leatherback turtles, which live out in the high seas but have their nesting sites on the American coast, we need to create corridors for migration,so they can get from one area to another safely.As well as this, action needs to be taken to lower the levelsof fishing quotas to prevent overfishing of endangered species. And finally, there's the problem of 'by-catch'.This refers tothe catching of unwanted fish by fishing boats — they're returned to the sea, but they're often dead or dying.If these commercial fishing boats used equipment which was more selective,so that only the fish wanted for consumption were caught, this problem could be overcome. OK. So does anyone have any questions...感谢阅读，欢迎大家下载使用！。

【免费下载】剑桥雅思9听力原文

Text 1Section1W: Good evening. King's restaurant.M: Good evening. I'm ringing about the job I understand you have vacant?W: Oh, yes.M: I'd like to find out a few more details if I may.W: Yes, of course. Can I take your name?M: It's Peter Chin.W: Ok, Peter. Well, if you want to ask about the job and then if we're both still interested, we could arrange you to come for an interview.M: Great, thanks. I'm afraid I missed the advert for the job but I heard about it from a friend.W: That's no problem at all. What would you like to know?M: Well, um, what sort of work is it- washing up?W: It's answering the phone.M: Oh, right, fine.W: And not waiting at table.M: That'll be good. And how many nights a week would it be?W: Well, we're really only busy at the weekend.M: So two nights?W: Three actually, so it would work out 12 hours a week.M: That'd be fine. It wouldn't interfere with my studies.W: Are you in the university?M: Yes, first year Physics student.W: Oh, rightM: Because I'm not an EU national, would I need a work permit?W: Yes, you would. Just get you tutor to sign it.M: That wouldn't be a problem if I were to get the job. Um, where exactly is the restaurant?W: Well, we have two branches- the one we're recruiting for is in Hillsdunne road.M: Em, I don't know that. How do you spell it, please?W: It's H-I-double L-S-D-U- double N-E Road.M: Got that, thanks. Is it near a bus stop?W: Yes, the nearest one would probably be just beside the library.M: Oh, yes, I know it. That'll be fine for me. And could I ask about the pay?W: We're offering 4.45 pounds an hour.M: That's very good. My last job was 3.95 an hour.W: We feel it's pretty good and we also offer some good fringe benefits(附加福利).M: Really?W: Well, we give you a free dinner, so you eat well.M: Right. Better than hostel food.W: We certainly hope so. And we also offer extra pay for working on national holidays.M: Oh, that's a really good perk(额外收入), isn't it?W: Yes, we think so. And then because of the difficulties of getting public transport, if you're working after 11 o'clock, we drive you home.M: Oh, that's good to know.W: We'd certainly be interested in inviting you for an interview, if you're still interested?M: Oh, yes, certainly. Could I just also ask what qualities you're looing for?W: Well, for this particular job, we want a clear voice, which you obviously do haveM: Thanks.W: And you must be able to think quickly, you know.M: Well, I hope I'd...W: So, when could you come in for an interview. We're actually quite quiet tonight?M: Sorry, I couldn't come tonight or tomorrow, I'm afraid. Thursday is ok, that'd be 22nd of October.W: Fine, after 5 pm?M: Yes, fine. Would 6 o'clock be ok?W: Perfect. And could you bring along the names of two referees?M: Yes, that's fine. No problem.W: Good, I look forward to seeing you.M: Oh, by the way, who should I ask for?W: Oh, yes, of course, sorry. My name is Samira ManujaM: Can you spell that please?W: M-a-n-u-j-aM: Ok, I've got that. Thank you very much.W: Look forward to seeing later ...Section2M: Now we go to Jane who is going to tell us about what's happening in town this weekend.W: Right, thanks, Andrew, and now on to what's new, and do we really need yet another sports shopping Bradcaster? Well, most of you probably know Sports World- the branch of a Danish sports goods company that opened a few yearsago-it's attracted a lot of custom, and so the company has now decided to open another branch in the area. It's going to be in the shopping center to the west of Bradcaster, so that will be good news for all of you who found the original shop in the North of the town hard to get to.I was invited to a special preview and I can promise you, this is the ultimate in sports retailing. The whole place has been given a new minimalist(极简主义者) look with the company's signature colors of black and red.The first three floors have a huge range of sports clothing as well as the equipment. And on the top floor, there is a cafe and a book & DVD section. You'll find all the well-known names as well as some less well-known ones.If they haven't got exactly what you want in the stock, they promised to get it for you in 10 days, unlike the other store, where it can take up to 14 days. They cover all the major sports, including football, tennis, and swimming, but they particularly focus on running and they claim to have the widest range of equipment in the country. As well as that, a whole section of the third floor is devoted to sports bags, including the latest design from the States- If you can't find what you want here, it doesn't exist.The shop would be open from 9 am this Saturday, and if you go along to the opening then you'll have the chance to meet the national 400 meters running champion Paul King, who's coming along to open the shop, and he will be stay around until about the midday to chat to any fans who want to meet him and sign autographs.Then there will be a whole range of special attractions all weekend. There will be free tickets for local sporting events for the first 50 customers, and also a special competition open to all, just answer 15 out of 20 sports questions correctly to win a signed copy of Paul King's DVD 'Spring Tips', while the first person to get all the questions correct gets a year's free membership of the Bradcaster Gym. All entrancewill receive a special Sports calendar with details of all Bradcaster fixtures in the coming year.One of the special opening offers is a fitness test- a complete review of your cardiac fitness and muscle tone, actually done in the shop by qualified staff. This would normally cost 30 pounds but is available at half price for this month only. There are only a limited number of places available for this, so to make a booking phone 560341.In addition, if you open an account you get lots more special offers including the chance to try out the equipment at the special opening evenings...Section3Pro: Before we start, Spiros and Hiroko, thanks for coming in today to talk about your recent study experiences and congratulations to you both in doing so well in the first semester exams. I'd like to discuss with you the value of the English for Academic Purposes course you did here last year before starting your university course. Spiros, if I could start with you, what parts of the programme have now proved to be particularly valuable to you?S: I think that having to do a seminar presentation really helped me. For example, a couple of weeks ago in our marketing subject, when it was my turn to give presentation, I felt quite confident. Of course, I was still nervous but because I had done one before, I knew what to expect. Also, I know I was well prepared and I had practised my timing. In fact, I think that in relation to some of the other people in my group, I did quite a good job because my overall style was quite professional.Pro: What about you Hiroko?H: Mmm, that's interesting. In my group, I was really surprised by the way students did their presentations - they just read the notes aloud. Can you believe that?They didn't worry about their presentation style or keeping eye contact withtheir audience - and I remember that these things were really stressed to us in the course here.Pro: So, how did you approach your presentation Hiroko?H: Well, to speak frankly, I read my notes too. At the time, it was a relief to do it this way, but actually when I had finished I didn't fell any real sense of satisfaction. I didn't feel positive about the experience at all.S: That's a pity. You know although I was pleased with my presentation, I'm not so pleased with my actual performance right now in the tutorials - during the whole semester I've not said anything in our tutorial discussions. Not a word.H: Really, Spiros, why is that? Do the other students talk too much?S: It's partly that, but it's mostly because I have had no confidence to speak out.Their style of speaking is so differen - it's not the style we were used to during the course. There are so many colloquialism（白话，口语，俗话，方言），they not very polite and sometimes they seems to be no order in their discussion. Also they are very familiar with each other, so because they know each other's habits, they can let each other into the discussion.H: You're right, Spiros. I've experienced that too.H: For most of this semester, I've said absolutely nothing in two tutorials. But recently I've been trying to speak up more and I just jump in. And I've noticed an interesting thing. I've noticed that if they thought my point was interesting and new, then the next time they actually asked for my opinion, and then it was much easier for me to be part of the discussion.S: That's great, Hiroko. I hope that happens for me next semester-I'll have to work hard to find some interesting points. What help you to find these ideas?H: I think that one thing that helped me with this was the reading. I've had to do so much reading this semester just to help me to make sense of the lectures. At first I couldn’t understand what the lecturers were talking about, so I had to turn to the books and journals. Every night I read for hours, using the lists of references that were given, and I made pages of notes. At breakfast, I read and read my notes again. This habit has helped me to follow the ideas in the lectures, and it's also given me some ideas to use in the tutorials.S: But I did so much readings anyway- I don't think there's any time left over for anything extra. My reading speed is still quite slow, though I'm much better at dealing with vocabulary than I used to be.Pro: What else do you think we could add to the course program to help with this reading problem?S: Er, there's not really anything because it's my problem. I remember we were given long articles to read. We didn't like that but now I realise that reading those long articles was good preparation for the things I need to read now. Also, in class we regularly had speed-reading tasks to do, and we kept a record of our reading speed, so the teachers were encouraging us to work on that.H: That's true, Spiros, but what we read could have been different. Sometime in the English class I felt frustrated when I had to read articles about the environment or health or education, because I wanted to concentrate on my own field, but we didn't read anything about engineering. So, I think I wasted some time learning vocabulary I didn't need.Pro: But surely this strategies you were taught for dealing with that vocabulary were helpful?H: Yes, but psychologically speaking, I would have felt much better working on reading from my own field. What do you think Spiros?S: Well, I agree. That would have helped my confidence too, and I would have been more motivated. And it was good though that we could work on our own topics when we wrote the research assignments.Pro: Ok, that's move on to writing now...Section4Good afternoon everyone. Well, with some of you will go out on fieldwork it's timely that in this afternoon's session I'll be sharing some ideas about the reasons why groups of whales and dolphins sometimes swim ashore from the sea right ontothe beach and, most often, die in what were known as "mass stranding".Unfortunately, this type of event is a frequent occurrence in some of the locations that you'll be travelling to, where sometimes the tide goes out suddenly, confusing the animals. However, there are many other theories about the causes of mass strandings.The first is that the behavior is linked to parasites. It's often found that stranded animals were infested with large numbers of parasites. For instance, a type of worm is commonly found in the ears of dead whales. Since marine animals rely heavily on their hearing to navigate, this type of infestation has the potential to be very harmful.Another theory is related to toxins, or poisons. These have also been found to contribute to the death of many marine animals. Many toxins, as I'm sure you're aware, originate from plants, or animals. The whale ingests these toxins in its normal feeding behavior but whether these poisons directly or indirectly lead to stranding and death, seems to depend upon the toxin involved.In 1988, for example, fourteen humpback whales exclaimed after stranding along the beaches of Cape Code were found to have been poisoned after eating tuna that contained saxitoxin, the same toxin that can be fatal to humans.Alternatively, it has also been suggested that some animals stranded accidentally by following their prey ashore in the confusion of the chase. In 1995 David Thurston monitored pilot whales that beached after following the squid ashore. However, this idea does not seem to hold true for the majority of mass strandings because examination of the animals' stomach contents reveal that most had not been feeding as they stranded.There were also some new theories, which link strandings to hunmans. Agrowing concern is that loud noises in the ocean cause stranings. Noises such as these caused by military exercises are of particular concern and have been pinpointed as the cause of some strandings of late.One of these, a mass stranding of whales in 2000 in the Bahamas conincided closely with experiments using a new submarine detection system. There are several factors that made this stranding stand out as different from previous strandings. This led researchers to look for a new cause. For one, all the stranded animals were healthy. In addition, the animals were spread out along 38 kilometers of coast, whereas it's more for the animals to be found in a group when mass strandings occur.A final theory is related to group behaviour, and sugests that sea mammals cannot distinguish between sick and healthy leaders and will follow sick leaders, even to an inevitable death. This is a particularly interesting theory since the whales that are thought to be most social-the toothed whaled- are the group that strand the most frequently.The theory is also supported by evidence from a dolphin stranding in 1994. Examination of the dead animals revealed that apart from the leader, all the others had been healthy at the time of their death.Without one consistent theory however it is very hard for us to do anything about this phenomenon except to assist animal where and when we can. Stranding networks have been established around the world to aid in rescuing animals and collecting samples form those that could not be helped. I recommended John Connor's Marine Mammals ashore as an excellent starting point if you're interested in finding out more about there networks, or establishing one yourself.Text 2Section 1M: Good morning. Can I help you?W: Yes. I've been accepted on a course at the university and I'd like to try and arrange accommodation in the hall of residence.M: Yes, certainly. Please sit down. What I'll do is fill in a form with you to find outa little more about your preferences and so forth.W: Thank you.M: So first of all, can I take you name?W: It's Anu Bhatt.M: Could you spell your name please?W: Yes. A-N-U...B-H-A double T.M: Thanks, and could I ask your date of birth?W: 31st March 1972.M: Thank you. And where are you from?W: India.M: Oh right. And what will you be studying?W: I'm doing a course in nursing.M: Right, thank you. And how long would you want to stay in hall, do you think?W: Well, it'll take three years but I'd only like to stay in hall for two. I'd like to think about living outside for the third year.M: Fine. And what did you have in mind for catering? Do you want to cook for yourself or have all your meals provided, that's full board?W: Is there something in between?M: Yes. You can just have evening meal provided, which is half board.W: That's what I prefer.M: Yes, a lot of students opt for that. Now, with that in mind, do you have any special diet, anything we should know about?W: Yes, I don't take red meat.M: No red meat.M: Now thinking about the room itself, we have a number of options. You can havea single study room or you can have a shared one. These are both what we callsimple rooms. The other alternative is to opt for a single bedsit, which actually has more space and better facilities. There's about £20 a week difference between them.W: Well, actually my grant is quite generous and I think the bedsit sound the best option.M: Lovely. I'll put you down for that and we'll see what availability is like. Now canI ask some other personal details which we like to have on record?W: yes, of course.M: I wonder if you could let us know what your interests are. This might help us geta closer match for placing you in a particular hall.W: Ummm. Well, I love the theatre.M: Right.W: And I enjoy sports, particularly badminton.M: That's worth knowing. Now, what we finish with on the form is really a list from you of what you priorities are in choosing a hall and we'll do our best to take these into account.W: Well, the first thing is I'd prefer a hall where there are other mature students, if possible.M: Yes, we do have halls which tend to cater for slightly older students.W: Ummm and I'd prefer to be out of twon.M: That's actually very good for you because we tend have more vacancies in out-of-town halls.W: Lucky!M: Yes. Anything else?W: Well, I would like somewhere with a shared area, a TV room for example, or something like that. It's a good way to socialise.M: It certainly is.W: That's it.M: Now, we just need a contact telephone number for you.W: Sure, I'll just find it. It's double 6-7549M: Great, so we'll be in contact with you as soon as possible...Section2Hello, I'd delighted to welcome you to our Wildlife Club, and very pleased that you're interested in the countryside and the plants and creatures of this area. I think you'll be surprised at the variety we have here, even though we're not far from London. I'll start by telling you about some of the parks and open spaces nearby.One very pleasant place is Halland Common. This has been public land for hundreds of years, and what you'll find interesting is that the River Ouse, which flows into the sea eight kilometers away, had its source in the common. There;s an information board about the plants and animal you can see here, and by the way, the common is accessible 24 hours a day.Then there's Holt Island, which is noted for its great range of trees. In the past willows were grown here commercially for basket-making, and this ancient craft recently been reintroduced. The island is only open to the public form Friday to Sunday, because it's quite small, and if there were people around every day, much of the wildlife would keep away.From there it's just a short walk across the bridge to Longfield Country Park. Longfield has a modern replica of a farm over two thousand years ago. Children's activities are often arranged there, like bread-making and face-painting. The park is only open during daylight hours, so bear that in mind if you decide to go there.Longfield has a programme of activities throughout the year, and to give you a sample, this is what's happening in the next few days. On Monday you can learn about herbs, and how they've been used over the centuries. You'll start with a tour of our herb graden, practise the techinique of using them as colour dyes for cloth, and listen to an illustrated talk about their use in cooking and medicine.Then on Wednesday you can join local experts to discover the variety of insects and birds that appear in the evening. We keep to a small number of people in the group, so if you want to go you'll need to phone the park ranger a few days ahead. There's a small charge, which you should pay when you turn up.I'm sure you're all keen to help with the practical task of looking after the park, so on Saturday you can join a working party. You'll have a chose of all sports of activities, from planting hedges to picking up litter, so you'll be able to change from one to another when you feel like it. The rangers will be hard at work all day, but do come and join in, even for just a short while. One thing, though, is to make sure you're wearing something that you don't mind getting dirty to torn.And finally I'd like to tell you about our new wildlife area, Hinchingbrooke Park, which will be opened to the public next month. This slide doesn't really indicate how big it is, but anyway, you can see the two gates into the park, and the main paths. As you can see, there's a lake in the north west of the park, with a bird hide to the west of it, at the end of a path. So it'll be a nice quiet place for watching the bird on the lake.Fairly close to where refreshments are available, there's a dog-walking area in the southern part of the park, leading off from the path. And if you just want to sit and relax, you can go to the flower garden; that's the circular area on the map surrounded by paths.And finally, there's a wooded area in the western section of the park, between two paths. Okay, that's enough from me, so let's go on to...Section3Pam: Hi Jun. As you know, I've asked you here today to discuss the future of our Self-Access Centre. We have to decide what we want to do about this very important resource for our English language students. So, can you tell me what the students think about this?Jun: Well, from the student's point of view, we would like to keep it. The majority of students say that they enjoy using it because it provides a variation on the classroom routine and they see it as a pretty major component of their course, but we would like to see some improvements to the equipment, particularly the computers; there aren't enough for one each at the moment and we always have to share.P: Well yes, the teachers agree that it is a very valuable resource but one thing we have noticed is that a lot of the student using it, but we think the computers should used as a learning resource, nor for emails. Some of us also think that we could benefit a lot more by relocating the Self-Access Centre to the main University library building. How do you think the students would feel about that, Jun?J: Well, the library is big enough to incorporate the Self-Access Centre, but it wouldn't be like a class activity anymore. Our main worry would be not being able to go to a teacher for advice. I'm sure there would be plenty of things to do but we really need teachers to help us choose the best activities.P: Well, there would still be a teacher present and he or she would guide the activities of the students, we wouldn't just leave them to get on with it.J: Yes, but I think the students would be much happier keeping the existing set-up;they really like going to the Self-Access Centre with their teacher and staying together as a group to do activities. If we could just improve the resources and facilities, I think it would be fine. Is the cost going to be a problem?P: It's not so much the expense that I'm worried about, and we've certainly got roon to do it, but it's the problem of timetabling a teacher to be in there outside class hours. If we're going to spend a lot of money on equipment and resources, we really need to make sure that everything is looked after properly. Anyway, let's make some notes to see just what needs doing to improve the Centre.Pam: Now, what about the computers? I think it might be a good idea to install some new models. They would take up a lot less room and so that would increase the work space for text books and so on.Jun: That would be great. It is a bit cramped in there at times.P: What about other resources? Do you have a list of things that the students would like to see improved?J: Yes, one of the comments that students frequently make is that they find it difficult to find materials that are appropriate for their level, especially reading resources, so I think we need to label them more clearly.P: Well that's easy enough, we can get that organised every quickly. In fact I think we should review all of the study resources as some of them are looking a bit out-of-date.J: Definitely. The CD section especially needs to be more current. I think we should get some of the ones that go with our latest course books and also make multiple copies.P: Good, now I was also thinking about some different materials that we haven't got in there at all. What do you think of the idea of introducing some workbooks?If we break them up into separate pages and laminate them, they'd be a great resource. The students could study the main course book in class and then do follow-up practice in the Self-Access Centre.J: That sounds good.P: Okay, now finally we need to think about how the room is used. I'll have to talk to the teachers and make sure we can all reach some agreement on a timetable to supervise the centre after class. But we also need to think about security, too.Especially if we're going to invest in some new equipment.J: What about putting in an alarm?P: Good idea. The other thing I'd like to do is talk to our technicians and see whether we could somehow limit the access to email. I really don't want to see that resource misused.J: What about if we agree to only use it before and after class?P: Yes, that would be fine. OK, anway... that's great for now. We'll dicuss it further when we've arranged to...Section4Good morning everyone. Now whether you're going to University to study business or some other subject, many of you will eventually end up working for a company of some kind.Now, when you first start working somewhere you will realise that the organisation you've joined has certain characteristics. And we often refer to these social characteristics as the culture of the organisation- this includes its unwritten ideas, beliefs, values and things like that. One well known writer has classified company cultures by identifying four major types.The first type is called the Power Culture, and it's usually found in small organisations.It's the type of culture that needs a central source of power to be effective, and bucause control is in the hands of just one or two people there aren't many rules or procedures. Another characteristic is that communication usually takes the form of conversations rather than, say, formal meetings or written memos. Now one of the benefits of this culture is that the organisation has the ability to act quickly, so it responds well to threat, or danger on the one hand, and opportunity on the other.But on the negative side, this type of organisation doesn't always act effectively, because it depends too much on one or two people at the top, and when these people make poor decisions there's no-one else who can influence them.。

剑桥雅思18听力文本原题

剑桥雅思18听力文本原题Part 1Section 1In this section, you will hear a conversation between a woman named Lucy and a man named Tom. They are discussing a trip to Australia that Lucy is planning. Pay attention to the details of their conversation.Lucy: Hi Tom, I've been thinking about taking a trip to Australia. Do you have any recommendations?Tom: Oh, Australia is an amazing country to visit! Where are you planning to go?Lucy: I'm thinking about starting in Sydney and then exploring the east coast. I've heard there are beautiful beaches and national parks there.Tom: That sounds like a great plan. Sydney has a lot to offer, and the east coast is known for its stunning landscapes. Don't miss the Great Barrier Reef, it's a must-see.Lucy: Definitely, I've always wanted to see the Great Barrier Reef. Are there any other places you recommend visiting?Tom: If you have time, you should visit Melbourne. It's a vibrant city with a lot of cultural attractions. And if you're into wildlife, don't miss Kangaroo Island.Lucy: That sounds fantastic. I'll make sure to include Melbourne and Kangaroo Island in my itinerary. Thanks for the suggestions, Tom!Section 2In this section, you will hear a monologue about a newly opened museum. Listen carefully and answer the questions that follow.Narrator: Welcome to the London History Museum, the newest addition to the city's cultural scene. The museum showcases the rich history and heritage of London, fromancient times to the present day. Here, you can explore interactive exhibits, view historical artifacts, and learn about the city's famous landmarks.One of the highlights of the museum is the "Great Fire of London" exhibition. Step back in time and experience the devastation caused by the fire in 1666. You can see original documents, paintings, and models that depict the events of that fateful day.Another fascinating exhibit is the "London's Underground" section. Discover the history of the world's first underground railway system and learn how it transformed the city's transportation. You can even step into a replica of the original steam-powered train and experience what it was like to travel underground in the 19th century.For those interested in art, the museum houses a collection of paintings by famous London artists, such as Turner and Constable. Admire their masterpieces and gain a deeper understanding of the artistic heritage of the city.Make sure to visit the museum shop, where you can find a wide range of souvenirs and books about London's history. And don't forget to stop by the café for a cup of tea and some delicious pastries.So, whether you're a history enthusiast, an art lover, or simply curious about London's past, the London History Museum is the perfect destination for you. Come and immerse yourself in the fascinating stories and treasures of this great city.Part 2Section 3In this section, you will hear a conversation between a student named Jane and her professor, Mr. Thompson. They are discussing Jane's research project. Listen carefully and answer the questions that follow.Jane: Hi, Professor Thompson. I wanted to discuss my research project with you. I'm interested in studying the effects of social media on teenagers' mental health.Professor Thompson: That's a very relevant and important topic, Jane. What specific aspects of social media and mental health do you want to focus on?Jane: I want to explore how the excessive use of social media platforms, such as Facebook and Instagram, can contribute to feelings of loneliness and low self-esteem among teenagers.Professor Thompson: That's an interesting angle. How do you plan to conduct your research?Jane: I'm planning to distribute questionnaires to a sample of teenagers and ask them about their social media habits, their mental well-being, and their perception of themselves. I also want to conduct interviews with mental health professionals to gather their insights on the issue.Professor Thompson: Good approach, Jane. It's important to gather data from both the teenagers themselves and the professionals working in the field. Have you thought about any potential limitations of your study?Jane: Yes, I'm aware that self-reporting through questionnaires may not always provide accurate information, and there may be other factors influencing teenagers' mental health besides social media. However, I'll try to address these limitations in my analysis.Professor Thompson: Excellent. I think your research has the potential to contribute to the existing body of knowledge on this topic. Keep me updated on your progress, Jane.Section 4In this section, you will hear a lecture about the impact of climate change on marine ecosystems. Listen carefully and answer the questions that follow.Lecturer: Good afternoon, everyone. Today, we're going to discuss the effects of climate change on marine ecosystems. Climate change, primarily caused by human activities, is resulting in rising sea temperatures and changing oceanic conditions, which are having a profound impact on marine life.One of the major consequences of climate change is the bleaching of coral reefs. Coral reefs are extremely sensitive to changes in temperature, and when the water gets too warm, the coral expels the algae living inside them, causing them to turn white. This not only affects the coral itself but also disrupts the entire reef ecosystem, as coral reefs are home to a diverse range of marine species.Another significant impact is the acidification of the oceans. As the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases, the oceans absorb a large amount of this gas, resulting in a decrease in the pH level of the water. This change in acidity has harmful effects on marine organisms, particularly those with calcium carbonate shells or skeletons, such as shellfish and certain types of plankton.Furthermore, climate change is causing shifts in the distribution and behavior of marine species. Warmer waters are pushing some species towards the poles, while others are migrating to deeper waters in search of suitable conditions. This disruption in the natural balance of marine ecosystems can lead to changes in predator-prey relationships and the decline of certain species.In conclusion, climate change is posing significant threats to marine ecosystems. It is essential that we take immediate action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate the impacts of climate change on our oceans. Only by protecting our marine ecosystems can we ensure the sustainability of our planet and the diverse array of life it supports.Note: The above transcript has been created based on the description provided and the general knowledge of the topic. It may not be an exact replication of the original listening material.。

雅思剑桥6听力text1word版1

剑桥雅思5听力原文【范本模板】

TEST 1 SECTION 1RECEPTIONIST：Good afternoon, Dreamtime Travel。

How can I help you?CUSTOMER: Oh hello. I’m interested in the holidays you offer along the coast near here.RECEPTIONIST：Yes。

We operate several tours up the coast。

Where in particular did you want to go？CUSTOMER: Well, I like the sound of the holiday that mentioned whales。

Was it'Whale Watching'?RECEPTIONIST: Oh, that's our Whale Watch Experience。

lt's very popular and it’s based in a lovely little town with nice beaches.CUSTOMER：Oh right, and how long does it last?RECEPTIONIST：It's two days —that includes four hours’ travel time each way from here。

CUSTOMER: Good，I don't want to be away any longer than that. So is that by coach？RECEPTIONIST：Actually it's by minibus。

We like to keep those tours small andpersonal so we don't take a whole coachload of people. in fact, weonly take up to fifteen people on this tour，although we do run itwith just twelve or thirteen。

剑桥雅思8text1听力原文教学文案

剑桥雅思8Te x t1听力原文Test 1Section 1A:Hi，George! Glad you're back. Loads of people have phoned you.B: Really?A: I felt just like your secretary!B: Sorry! I went into the library this afternoon to have a look at a newspaper and I came across something really interestingA: What? A book?B:No，a brochure(EXAMPLE) from a summer festival - mainly Spanish music. Look，I've got it here.A: Spanish music? I really love the guitar. Let's have a look. So what's this group‘Guitarrini'?B: They're really good. They had a video Q1with all the highlights of the festival at a stand in the lobby to the library，so I heard them. They play fantastic instruments -drums and flutes and old kinds of guitars. I've never heard anything like it before. A: Sounds great.B: Okay. Shall we go then? Spoil ourselves? Yes，let's.A: The only problem is there aren't any cheap seats . . . it's all one price. Well，in that case we could sit right at the front - we'd have a really good view.B:Yeah，though I think that if you sit at the back You can actually h ear the wholething better.Q2A: Yes. Anyway we can decide when we get there.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------A: So will you fill in the form or shall?B: 1'11 do it. Name: George O'Neill. Address: 18 North AvenueQ3,Westsea. Do you remember our new postcode? Still can't remember it.A: Just a minute - I've got it written down here. W S6 2YHQ4. Do you need the phone too?B: Please. I'm really bad at numbers.A: 01674553242.Q5 So，let's book two tickets for Guitarrini.B: Okay. If you're sure f7.50 each is all right. How do you feel about the singer?A: I haven't quite decided. But I've noticed something on the booking form that might just persuade me!B: What's that then?A: Free refreshments!B: Really ?A: Yes，look here. Sunday 17th of June. Singer, ticket ?6.00 includes drinksQ6 in thegarden.B: Sounds Iike a bargain to me!A: Yes，let's book two tickets for that. So, what else? I'm feeling quite keen now!How about the pianistQ7 on the 22nd of June?B: Anna Ventura? I've just remembered that's my evening c1ass night.- but we can go to the Spanish danceA: That's okay. I’ll just have to go on my ownand guitar concert together，can't we?B: Yes -I'm sure Tom and Kieran would enjoy that too. Good heavens-?10.50 Q8 aticket! I can see we're going to have to go without food for the rest of the week - we'llneed to book f our! Q9A:Wish we were students 一 look! Children，Students and Senior Citizens get a50%Q10 discount on everything.B: If only!Section 2Hello,and thank you for asking me to your teachers' meeting to talk about theDinosaur Museum and to tell you a bit about what you can do with your students there.Well,let me give you some of the basic information first. In regard to openinghours,we're open every day of the week from 9.00 am to 8.00 pm except on Mondayswhen we close at 1.30 pm.And,in fact the only day in the year when we’re closed is on the 25th of December Q11&12. You can book a guided tour for your schoolgroup any time that we're open. If you bring a school group to the museum,when youarrive we ask you to remain with your group i n the car park. One or more of the tourguides will welcome you there and brief youQ13 about what the tour will be about.We do this there because our entrance is quite small and we really haven't got muchroom for briefing groups in the exhibition area.As far as the amount of time you'll need goes,if you bring a school group you shouldplan on allowing a minimum of 90 minutes for the visit. This allows 15 minutes to geton and offthe coach,45 minutes Q14 for the guided tour and 30 minutes for after-tour activities. If you're going to have lunch at the museum you will,of course,have to allow mores in the museum,with seating for 80 people. If you want to eattime. There are two caféthere you'lI need to reserve some seating, as they can get quite crowed at lunch time.tables Q15, and students can bring theirThen utside the museum at the back there areown lunch and eat it there in the open air.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------When the students come into the museum foyer we ask them to check in theirbackpacks with their books,lunch boxes , etc, at the cloakroom before they enter the museum proper. I'm afraid in the past we have had a few things gone missing afterschool visits so this is a strict rule. Also,some of the exhibits are fragile and we don'twant them to be accidentally knocked. But we do provide school students withhandouts with questions and quizzes on them.Q16-18There's so much that studentscan learn in the museum and it’s fun for them to have something to do. Of course! They’ll need to bring something to write with for these. We do allow students to take photograph.Q16-18 For students who are doing projects it's useful to make somekind of visual record of what they see that they can add to their reports. And finally,they should not bring anything to eat into the museum, or drinks of any kind. Thereare also a few things the students can do after the tour. In the theatre on the groundfloor there are continuous screenings of short documentaries about dinosaurs whichthey can see any time.Q19&20We used to have an activity room with moreinteractive things like making models of dinosaurs and drawing and painting pictures,even hunting for dinosaur eggs, but unfortunately the room was damaged in a badstorm recently when water came in the roof, so tha1's closed at the moment. But wea range ofdo have an IT Centre where students have access to CD ROMs withdinosaur games. Q19&20These games are a lot of fun, but they also teach thestudents about the lives of dinosaurs, how they found food, protected their habitat, survived threats, that kind of thing.And . . .I think that's all 1 have to tell you. Please feel free to ask any questions if you would like to know anything else.Section 3T: Right, Sandra. You wanted to see me to get some feedback on your group's proposal. The one you're submitting for the Geography society field trip competition.I've had a look through your proposal and I think it's a really good choice. In fact, Ionly have a few things to say about it, but even in an outline document like this youreally have to be careful to avoid typos and problems with layout in the proposal, andeven in the contents page. so read it through carefully before submitting it, okay?S: Will do.T: And I've made a few notes on the proposal about things which could have beenbetter sequencedQ2I.S: Okay.annotated the proposal as and where I thought it couldT: As for the writing itself, I’vebe improved. Generally speaking, I feel you've often used complex structures andlong sentences for the sake of it and as a consequence . . . although your paragraphing and inclusion of sub-headings help . . . it's quite hard to follow your train of thought at times. So cut them down a bit,can vou?Q22S: Really?T: Yes. And don't forget simple formatting like numbering.S: Didn't I use page numbers?nclude headers and footers, whichT: I didn't mean that. Look, you’ve remembered to iis good, but listing ideas clearly is important.Q23 Number them or use bullet points,which is even clearer. Then you'll focus the reader on your main points. I thoughtyour suggestion to go to the Navajo Tribal Park was a very good idea.S: I've always wanted to go there. My father was a great fan of cowboy films and theWild West so I was subjected to seeing all the epics, many of which were shot there.As a consequence,Q24 it feels very familiar to me and it's awesome bothgeographically and usually, so i t's somewhere I've always wanted to visit.Q24 Thesubsequent research I did and the online photographs made me even keener.T: Interesting. Right, let’s look at the content of your proposal now.S: Did you find it comprehensive enough?T: Well, yes and no. You've listed several different topics on your contents page, butI'm not sure they're all relevant.S: No? Well, I thought that from the perspective of a field trip, one thing I needed tofocus on was the sandstone plateaux and cliffs themselves.Q25-27 the way they towerup from the flat landscape is just amazing. The fact that the surrounding softer rockswere eroded by wind and rain, leaving these huge outcrops high above the plain. It'shardly surprising that tourists flock to see the area.T: Well, yes, I’d agree e with including those points . . .S: And then the fact that it's been home to native American Navajos and all the socialhistory that goes with that. The hardships they endured trying to save their territoryfrom the invading settlers. Their culture is so rich - all those wonderful stories.T: Well, I agree it's interesting, but it's not immediately relevant to your proposal,think anSandra, so at this stage, I suggest you focus on other considerations. Iindication of what the students on the trip could actually do when they get thereshould be far more centraI,Q25-27so that certainly needs to be included and to beexpanded upon. And I'd like to see something about the local wildlife, and vegetationtoo, Q25-27not that I imagine there’s much to see. Presumably the tourist invasionhasn't helped.S: Okay, I ’II do some work on those two areas as well. But you're right, there's notmuch apart from some very shallow-rooted species. Although it's cold and snowythere in the winter, the earth is baked so hard in the summer sun that rainwater can'tpenetrate.so it’s a case of flood or drought, really.T: So, I understand. Now, before we look at everything in more detail, I’ve got f actual questions for you. It would be a good idea to include the answers in yourfinished proposal, because they're missing from your draft.S: Fine.T: so, you mentioned the monoliths and the spires, which was good, but what areadoes the tribal park cover? Do you know?S: I2,000 hectares,Q28 and the plain is at about 5,850 meters above sea level.T: Larger than I expected. Okay. Where's the nearest accommodation? That's apractical detail that you haven't included. Have you done any research on that?S: Yes. There's nowhere to stay in the park itself, but there's an old trading post calledGoulding quite near. AII kinds of tours start from Goulding, too.T: What kind of tours?S: Well,the most popular are in four-wheel drive jeeps - but I wouldn't recommendhorsesQ29hiring those. I think the best way to appreciate the area wouldn’t be to hireinstead and trek around on those. Biking is not allowed and it's impossible to drivearound the area in private vehicles. The tracks are too rough.T: Okay, lastly, what else is worth visiting there?S: There are several caves, but I haven’t looked into any details. I'II find out about them.T: Okay, good. Now what I'd like to know is . . .Section 4So, welcome to your introductory geography lecture. We’ll begin with some basics. Firstly what do we learn by studying geography?Well, we learn a great deal about all the processes that have affected and that continueto affect the earth's s urfaceQ31.But we learn far more than that, because studyinggeography also informs us about the different kinds of relationships that developbetween a particular e nvironments Q32and the people that live there.Okay. We like to think of geography as having two main branches. There's the studyof the natureof our planet - its physical features, what it actually looks like - and then there's thestudy of the ways in which we choose to live and of t he impact Q33of those on ourplanet. Our current use of carbon fuels is a good example of that.oking at eachBut there are more specific study areas to consider too, and we’ll be loof these in turn throughout this semester. These include bio-physical geography, bywhich 1 mean the study of the natural environment and all its living things. Thenthere's topography- that looks at the shapes of the land and oceans. There's the studyof political geography and social geography too, of course, which is the study ofcommunities of people. We have economic geography - in which we examine allkinds of resources and their use - agriculture, for example. Next comes historicalgeography - the understanding of how people and their environments and the waysthey interact have changed over a period of time -and urbanQ34 geography, an aspectI'm particularly interested in, which takes as its focus the location of cities, theservices that those cities provide, and migration of people to and from such cities.And lastly, we have cartography. That's the art and science of map- making. You'll bedoing a lot of that!So, to summarize before we continue, we now have our key answer . . . studying thissubject is important because without geographical knowledge, we would know verylittle about our surroundings and we wouldn't be able to identify all the p roblemsQ35that relate to them. so, by definition, we wouldn't be in an informed position to workout how to solve any of them.Okay, now for some practicalities. What do geographers actually do? Well, we collectdata to begin with! You’ll be doing a lot of that on your first field trip! How do we do this? There are several means. We might, for example, conduct a census - count a population in a given area perhaps. We also need image Q36 of the earth's surfacewhich we can produce by means of computer-generation technology or with the helpof satellite relays. We've come a very long way from the early exploration of theworld by sailing ships when geographers only had pens and paper at their disposal.After we've gathered our information, we must analyse it! We need to look forpattern,Q37 m ost commonly those of causes and consequences. This kind ofinformation helps us to predict and resolve problems that could affect the world welive in.But we don't keep all this information confidential. We then need to publish ourfindings so that other people can access it and be informed by it .And one way inwhich this information can be published is in the form of maps. You'll all have usedone at some stage of your life already.Let's consider the benefits of maps from a geographer's perspective.Maps can be folded and put in a pocket and can provide a great store of referencewhen they're collected into an atlas. They can depict the physical features of the entire planet if necessary, or, just a small part of it in much greater detail. But there is a drawback. You can't exactly replicate something that is three-dimensional, like our planet, on a map at piece of paper, because paper has only two dimensions, and thatdistortionQ38 a map. It can't be avoided. means there’ll always be a certain degree ofWe can also use aerial photographs . . . pictures taken by cameras at high altitudeabove the earth. These are great for showing all kinds of geographical features that are not easy to see from the ground. You can easily illustrate areas of diseased trees orhow much traffic Q39 is on the roads at a given time or information about deep sea beds, for example.Then there are Landsats. These are satellites that circle the earth and transmit visual information to computers at receiving stations. They circle the earth several times aday and can provide a mass of information –you’ll all be familiar with theinformation they give us about the w eatherQ40 f or example. So, what we're going todo now is look at a short presentation in which you'II see all these tools.. .。

雅思剑桥6听力text1word版

TEST 4SECTION 1K:Conference Centre Reservations. Good morning.N:Hi. I'm interested in the computing conference next month.K:Future Directions(Example) in Computing?N:Yes, that's right. Could I ask you a few questions about it?K:Of course.N:OK. I know the conference is for three days but actually I want to attend on the Friday and Saturday only. Will that work out to be any cheaper?K:Let me have a look. Well, you could register for the two days separately, but that wouldn't actually save you very much as it still costs ￡35 for each day. In fact, if you could register for the three days, you also get an invitation to a free dinner on the Saturday night, so that's probably the better option.N:Right, I'll do that. How much will the fees be in that ease?K:It's ￡75(Q1).N:All right. I'd like to register for the full three days. Now, can I pay that by credit card?K:I'm afraid not. You'll have to send a cheque(Q2) to us, or you can pay at the conference office.N:Fine. So it's probably easiest if I pay by cheque. Now then, what else do I need to arrange?Right. How about accommodation? I guess that's not included in the price?K:No, I'm sorry, it's not, but we do have a few rooms available for delegates at the conferencecentre if you'd like. Those are very cheap but if you're interested you'll need to book soon,because there's always a heavy demand for them. They are only ￡15(Q3) per night, but theyare very basic and you'd have to get your own breakfast, because they don't provide you with that. But it's very convenient, because it's in the same building as the conference rooms.N:Uhuh.K:Or there's a very reasonable guest house which is ￡25(Q4) per night. And I think that includesyour breakfast.N:Is it close to the conference centre?K:It would be about a ten-minute walk away from here(Q5).N:I see. That sounds quite reasonable.K:The details are all in our conference pack(Q6). which I'll send you.N:Great, thanks That'll he very useful. Oh, and can you also send me an application form?K:Of course. I'll get that in the post to you straight away. Is there anything else?N:Yes, actually. Can you tell me where exactly the conference centre is?K:Well, it's on South(Q7) Park Road and it's right at the end of the road next to the library(Q8). It'sa ten-minute taxi ride from the station and will cost you ￡5(Q9). Otherwise, you can take thebus which runs every half an hour from the station - that's the 21A(Q10) - and it brings youstraight to the conference centre.N:Right, got that.SECTION 2Good morning and welcome, everybody. I'm Jenny Stewart and I'm the Staff Manager hereat the exhibition centre. We're expecting this year's International Travel Exhibition to attractover 10,000 visitors a day, ladies and gentlemen, and you are among the two hundred extrastaff recruited to help look after them. Now, to help things run smoothly, we have dividedyou into four teams - the blue team, the green team, the red team, and the yellow team. Sofirst I'll explain how the teams are divided up, and then we'll be giving you colour-codedT-shirts so we can identify you more easily. First of all, those who will be looking after thephones and handling all calls regarding the exhibition, you will be on the red team. Now,we've also out the entrance staff on the red team and you'll be stamping the entrance tickets(Q11)and giving out publicity leaflets, OK?Those of you involved in distributing entrance tickets will be on the yellow team and we'vealso put those of you who'll be staffing the information booths around the conferencecentre on the yellow team, so you'll be getting a yellow T-shirt. Now, most of the hospitalitystaff have been put in the blue team, so the chefs among you and the kitchen hands willall need a blue T-shirt(Q12). but, because of the sheer numbers, all waiting staff will be on theyellow team, and this includes the bar staff among you. Those who will be monitoring anddirecting the traffic in the car parks are on the green team. (Q13) so you'll need to get a greenT-shirt. This year we've also employed a considerable number of attendants to direct thehuman traffic around the conference centre. Now, you'll be working in the exhibition hallat all times, giving directions and generally helping people whenever you can. and you willbe in the red team, so please collect a red T-shirt.Right, now that everyone knows what team they're in, we'll get on with the orientation and training programme and first I'll run through the rest of today's programme, which you should have in front of you, so that you can get a general idea of what else is in store today. This introduction finishes at 9.30 and then you'll be hearing from Anne Smith. Anne works in the accounts department on level two and she looks after all temporary staff, and soshe is the person to see if you have any problems regarding pay. Anne will be explaining when and how you get this. She will also be handing out your tax(Q14) forms. And I will just stress that all tax forms must be completed and returned to Anne before your pay can be processed. Following Anne's talk you'll hear from Peter Chen, our Conference Manager, and he will be going over a plan of the conference centre with you, which will help you to orient yourselves. He will also go through the security(Q15) arrangements with you and show you the fire exits. Then at 10.30, there will be a coffee break in the staff canteen, which is located down on the ground floor(Q16). Now, after the break we'll be moving to a different location for a video presentation, so instead of coming back here, we'd like you all to goto Lecture Room three-one-one(Q17). You'll find it on this same level, just down the hall and there you will be shown a video about important safety issues in the workplace, calledSafety at Work(Q18). We'll finish off the morning with lunch, which should give everyone achance to meet and get to know each other, and we'll be serving you a buffet lunch inthe Main Hall(Q19). which is on the first floor, from 12.00 o'clock. After lunch you'll bedivided up into your teams to meet your team leaders(Q20) and we're hoping to be allfinished by 3.00 so I won't delay you any longer, and I'll hand over to...SECTION 3N:Good afternoon. Can 1 help you?T:Good afternoon. Yes, I've just transferred to the School of Education, and I'd like informationabout joining the library.N:Well, the School of Education has libraries on two sites, as I'm sure you know. This one here isthe Fordham Site, and the other is on Castle Road.T:And is there any difference between the two libraries?N:Not in terms of their facilities Access to online databases and the Internet is available at bothsites and each site has a range of reference(Q21) materials on education.T:Oh yes. I see.N:But the Castle Road site has books on the sociology of education and a collection oftextbooks(Q22) and teaching resources covering most of the subjects taught in secondary(Q23)schools.T:Ah, right, but I'm training to be a primary teacher so I need to look at materials for the five toeleven age group.N:Then you've come to the right place. At Fordham we hold material relating to primary(Q24)education, as well as special needs, but of course you'll need to familiarise yourself with bothsites to make the most of our resourcesT:You haven't mentioned periodicals. Are they held at both sites?N:Current issues, yes but if you want to look at back(Q25) issues you'll need to use the CD-ROMdatabases which are held here at Fordham.T:I see. Now, about borrowing books. I'm living out of town, so I'm hoping I can borrow quite afew items, and cut down on the number of trips I have to make.N: Right, well, members can borrow two books at a time from each site.T:Only two books?N:Only two from each site, hut that's four altogether.T:Oh I see, and how long can I hang on to them for?N:The borrowing period is one month, but of course books can be renewed. You can renew anyitem a maximum of three times.T: Do I have to come to the library to do that?N:No, you can do it by telephone or email, but you can't renew overdue(Q26) books this way, onlybefore or on the due date stamped in the hook. We'll need your full name, your borrowernumber and the name of the site library you borrowed the items from.T:So theoretically I can borrow books for up to three months - is that what you're saying?N: yes, provided they're not recalled.T:So, what happens then?N:Well, sometimes an item is requested by another borrower, in which case we'd send you a letter,and you'd have to return the book within seven working days(Q27). Don't forget we're closed onSundays.T:OK.T:I expect it'll take me a while to find what I need. There's such a lot here.N:Yes there is, but if you need help getting started, this term we're running three study skillsworkshops.T:Oh? What are they on?N:Er, let me see. The first one's on resources - yes, here it is. How to use the library's resources.That includes everything, not just the print and technical resources. (Q28/29/30)T:That sounds useful, Is there anything on using the Internet?N:Er, let's see. The one on the Internet for beginners was last term. This term it's finding researchmaterials online(Q28/29/30).T:That sounds interesting too, hm, what's the last one?N:It's a worksbop on dissertations(Q28/29/30).T:What do you mean - how to write one?N:Er, no it's more to do with academic writing conventions, you know - writing a bibliographyand how to refer to sources in your text. That sort of thing. Anyway, here's a leaflet withinformation about all three.T:Thanks a lot. That'll be very useful.N:You're welcome.SECTION 4Well, most people think that lions only come from Africa. And you would be forgiven for thinking this, because in fact most lions do come from Africa. But this hasn't always beenthe case. If we go back ten thousand years we would find that there were lions roamingvast sections of the globe. But now, unfortunately, only very small sections of the lions' former habitat remain.My particular interest is Asiatic lions, which are a sub-species of African lions. It's almosta hundred thousand years since the Asiatic lions split off and developed as a sub-species. (Q31) At one time the Asiatic lion was living as far west as Greece and they were found from there, in a band that spread east through various countries of the Middle East, all the way to India. In museums, you can now see Greek coins that have clear images of the Asiaticlion on them(Q32). Most of them are dated at around 500 B.C. However, Europe saw its last Asiatic lion roaming free two thousand years ago(Q33). Over the next nineteen hundred yearsthe numbers of Asiatic lions in the other areas declined steadily, but it was only inthe nineteenth century that they disappeared from everywhere but India.So, how can you tell an Asiatic lion from an African lion, with which you're probably more familiar? Well, in general, Asiatic lions are not as big as African lions The colour is moreor less the same, but the appearance of the mane is different - that's the hair around the lion's face and neck. The Asiatic lion's mane is noticeably shorter than the African lion's Asiatic lions also have a long fold of skin on their undersides, whereas not manyAfrican lions have this(Q34).Well, I'd like to talk to you now about the Gir Sanctuary in India. That's where I've just come back from. The sanctuary was established specifically to protect the Asiatic lion.It's 1,450(Q35) square kilometres in area and most of it is forest. There are now around three hundred Asiatic lions in India and almost all of them are in thissanctuary.But despite living in a sanctuary, which makes them safe from hunters, they still face a number of problems that threaten their survival. One of these is the ever-present dangerof disease(Q36). This is what killed more than a third of Africa's Serengeti lions in 1994, and people are fearful that something similar could happen in the Gir Sanctuary and kill offmany of the Asiatic lions there.India's lions are particularly vulnerable because they have a limited gene pool. The reasonfor this is interesting- it's because all of them are descended from a few dozen lions that were saved by a prince(Q37) who took a particular interest in them. He was very wealthy, and he managed to protect them otherwise they'd probably have died out completely.When you see the Asiatic lion in India, what you sense is enormous vitality. They're very impressive beasts and you would never guess that they had this vulnerability when youlook at them.The Asiatic lions don't have the Gir Sanctuary to themselves, I should add. They actually share it with about two thousand farmers. A significant proportion of the lions' diet(Q38) is made up of the livestock of these farmers - goats, chickens and so on - as much as a third,in fact. And they've even been known to attack humans(Q39), especially in times of drought. One final piece of interesting information - in ancient India one of the greatest tests of leadership(Q40) for a man was to fight a lion. Now it seems, in modern India it will be a great test to see if the lion can be saved, I'm sure this is something that all of you will share concern for too.。

雅思剑桥6听力text1 word版.

TEST 4SECTION 1K:Conference Centre Reservations. Good morning.N:Hi. I'm interested in the computing conference next month.K:Future Directions(Example) in Computing?N:Yes, that's right. Could I ask you a few questions about it?K:Of course.N:OK. I know the conference is for three days but actually I want to attend on the Friday and Saturday only. Will that work out to be any cheaper?K:Let me have a look. Well, you could register for the two days separately, but that wouldn't actually save you very much as it still costs ￡35 for each day. In fact, if you could register for the three days, you also get an invitation to a free dinner on the Saturday night, so that's probably the better option.N:Right, I'll do that. How much will the fees be in that ease?K:It's ￡75(Q1).N:All right. I'd like to register for the full three days. Now, can I pay that by credit card?K:I'm afraid not. You'll have to send a cheque(Q2) to us, or you can pay at the conference office. N:Fine. So it's probably easiest if I pay by cheque. Now then, what else do I need to arrange? Right. How about accommodation? I guess that's not included in the price?K:No, I'm sorry, it's not, but we do have a few rooms available for delegates at the conference centre if you'd like. Those are very cheap but if you're interested you'll need to book soon, because there's always a heavy demand for them. They are only ￡15(Q3) per night, but they are very basic and you'd have to get your own breakfast, because they don't provide you withthat. But it's very convenient, because it's in the same building as the conference rooms.N:Uhuh.K:Or there's a very reasonable guest house which is ￡25(Q4) per night. And I think that includes your breakfast.N:Is it close to the conference centre?K:It would be about a ten-minute walk away from here(Q5).N:I see. That sounds quite reasonable.K:The details are all in our conference pack(Q6). which I'll send you.N:Great, thanks That'll he very useful. Oh, and can you also send me an application form?K:Of course. I'll get that in the post to you straight away. Is there anything else?N:Yes, actually. Can you tell me where exactly the conference centre is?K:Well, it's on South(Q7) Park Road and it's right at the end of the road next to the library(Q8). It's a ten-minute taxi ride from the station and will cost you ￡5(Q9). Otherwise, you can take the bus which runs every half an hour from the station - that's the 21A(Q10) - and it brings you straight to the conference centre.N:Right, got that.SECTION 2Good morning and welcome, everybody. I'm Jenny Stewart and I'm the Staff Manager hereat the exhibition centre. We're expecting this year's International Travel Exhibition to attract over 10,000 visitors a day, ladies and gentlemen, and you are among the two hundred extrastaff recruited to help look after them. Now, to help things run smoothly, we have dividedyou into four teams - the blue team, the green team, the red team, and the yellow team. Sofirst I'll explain how the teams are divided up, and then we'll be giving you colour-codedT-shirts so we can identify you more easily. First of all, those who will be looking after the phones and handling all calls regarding the exhibition, you will be on the red team. Now,we've also out the entrance staff on the red team and you'll be stamping the entrance tickets(Q11) and giving out publicity leaflets, OK?Those of you involved in distributing entrance tickets will be on the yellow team and we'vealso put those of you who'll be staffing the information booths around the conferencecentre on the yellow team, so you'll be getting a yellow T-shirt. Now, most of the hospitality staff have been put in the blue team, so the chefs among you and the kitchen hands willall need a blue T-shirt(Q12). but, because of the sheer numbers, all waiting staff will be on the yellow team, and this includes the bar staff among you. Those who will be monitoring and directing the traffic in the car parks are on the green team. (Q13) so you'll need to get a greenT-shirt. This year we've also employed a considerable number of attendants to direct the human traffic around the conference centre. Now, you'll be working in the exhibition hallat all times, giving directions and generally helping people whenever you can. and you willbe in the red team, so please collect a red T-shirt.Right, now that everyone knows what team they're in, we'll get on with the orientation and training programme and first I'll run through the rest of today's programme, which you should have in front of you, so that you can get a general idea of what else is in store today. This introduction finishes at 9.30 and then you'll be hearing from Anne Smith. Anne worksin the accounts department on level two and she looks after all temporary staff, and soshe is the person to see if you have any problems regarding pay. Anne will be explaining when and how you get this. She will also be handing out your tax(Q14) forms. And I will just stress that all tax forms must be completed and returned to Anne before your pay can be processed. Following Anne's talk you'll hear from Peter Chen, our Conference Manager,and he will be going over a plan of the conference centre with you, which will help you to orient yourselves. He will also go through the security(Q15) arrangements with you and show you the fire exits. Then at 10.30, there will be a coffee break in the staff canteen, which is located down on the ground floor(Q16). Now, after the break we'll be moving to a different location for a video presentation, so instead of coming back here, we'd like you all to goto Lecture Room three-one-one(Q17). You'll find it on this same level, just down the hall and there you will be shown a video about important safety issues in the workplace, called Safety at Work(Q18). We'll finish off the morning with lunch, which should give everyone a chance to meet and get to know each other, and we'll be serving you a buffet lunch inthe Main Hall(Q19). which is on the first floor, from 12.00 o'clock. After lunch you'll be divided up into your teams to meet your team leaders(Q20) and we're hoping to be all finished by 3.00 so I won't delay you any longer, and I'll hand over to...SECTION 3N:Good afternoon. Can 1 help you?T:Good afternoon. Yes, I've just transferred to the School of Education, and I'd like information about joining the library.N:Well, the School of Education has libraries on two sites, as I'm sure you know. This one here is the Fordham Site, and the other is on Castle Road.T:And is there any difference between the two libraries?N:Not in terms of their facilities Access to online databases and the Internet is available at both sites and each site has a range of reference(Q21) materials on education.T:Oh yes. I see.N:But the Castle Road site has books on the sociology of education and a collection of textbooks(Q22) and teaching resources covering most of the subjects taught in secondary(Q23) schools.T:Ah, right, but I'm training to be a primary teacher so I need to look at materials for the five to eleven age group.N:Then you've come to the right place. At Fordham we hold material relating to primary(Q24) education, as well as special needs, but of course you'll need to familiarise yourself with both sites to make the most of our resourcesT:You haven't mentioned periodicals. Are they held at both sites?N:Current issues, yes but if you want to look at back(Q25) issues you'll need to use the CD-ROM databases which are held here at Fordham.T:I see. Now, about borrowing books. I'm living out of town, so I'm hoping I can borrow quite a few items, and cut down on the number of trips I have to make.N: Right, well, members can borrow two books at a time from each site.T:Only two books?N:Only two from each site, hut that's four altogether.T:Oh I see, and how long can I hang on to them for?N:The borrowing period is one month, but of course books can be renewed. You can renew any item a maximum of three times.T: Do I have to come to the library to do that?N:No, you can do it by telephone or email, but you can't renew overdue(Q26) books this way, only before or on the due date stamped in the hook. We'll need your full name, your borrower number and the name of the site library you borrowed the items from.T:So theoretically I can borrow books for up to three months - is that what you're saying?N: yes, provided they're not recalled.T:So, what happens then?N:Well, sometimes an item is requested by another borrower, in which case we'd send you a letter, and you'd have to return the book within seven working days(Q27). Don't forget we're closed on Sundays.T:OK.T:I expect it'll take me a while to find what I need. There's such a lot here.N:Yes there is, but if you need help getting started, this term we're running three study skills workshops.T:Oh? What are they on?N:Er, let me see. The first one's on resources - yes, here it is. How to use the library's resources.That includes everything, not just the print and technical resources. (Q28/29/30)T:That sounds useful, Is there anything on using the Internet?N:Er, let's see. The one on the Internet for beginners was last term. This term it's finding research materials online(Q28/29/30).T:That sounds interesting too, hm, what's the last one?N:It's a worksbop on dissertations(Q28/29/30).T:What do you mean - how to write one?N:Er, no it's more to do with academic writing conventions, you know - writing a bibliography and how to refer to sources in your text. That sort of thing. Anyway, here's a leaflet with information about all three.T:Thanks a lot. That'll be very useful.N:You're welcome.SECTION 4Well, most people think that lions only come from Africa. And you would be forgiven for thinking this, because in fact most lions do come from Africa. But this hasn't always beenthe case. If we go back ten thousand years we would find that there were lions roamingvast sections of the globe. But now, unfortunately, only very small sections of the lions'former habitat remain.My particular interest is Asiatic lions, which are a sub-species of African lions. It's almosta hundred thousand years since the Asiatic lions split off and developed as a sub-species. (Q31) At one time the Asiatic lion was living as far west as Greece and they were found from there, in a band that spread east through various countries of the Middle East, all the way toIndia. In museums, you can now see Greek coins that have clear images of the Asiaticlion on them(Q32). Most of them are dated at around 500 B.C. However, Europe saw its last Asiatic lion roaming free two thousand years ago(Q33). Over the next nineteen hundred years the numbers of Asiatic lions in the other areas declined steadily, but it was only inthe nineteenth century that they disappeared from everywhere but India.So, how can you tell an Asiatic lion from an African lion, with which you're probably more familiar? Well, in general, Asiatic lions are not as big as African lions The colour is moreor less the same, but the appearance of the mane is different - that's the hair around thelion's face and neck. The Asiatic lion's mane is noticeably shorter than the African lion's Asiatic lions also have a long fold of skin on their undersides, whereas not manyAfrican lions have this(Q34).Well, I'd like to talk to you now about the Gir Sanctuary in India. That's where I've justcome back from. The sanctuary was established specifically to protect the Asiatic lion.It's 1,450(Q35) square kilometres in area and most of it is forest. There are now aroundthree hundred Asiatic lions in India and almost all of them are in thissanctuary.But despite living in a sanctuary, which makes them safe from hunters, they still face a number of problems that threaten their survival. One of these is the ever-present dangerof disease(Q36). This is what killed more than a third of Africa's Serengeti lions in 1994, and people are fearful that something similar could happen in the Gir Sanctuary and kill off many of the Asiatic lions there.India's lions are particularly vulnerable because they have a limited gene pool. The reasonfor this is interesting- it's because all of them are descended from a few dozen lions that were saved by a prince(Q37) who took a particular interest in them. He was very wealthy, and he managed to protect them otherwise they'd probably have died out completely.When you see the Asiatic lion in India, what you sense is enormous vitality. They're very impressive beasts and you would never guess that they had this vulnerability when youlook at them.The Asiatic lions don't have the Gir Sanctuary to themselves, I should add. They actually share it with about two thousand farmers. A significant proportion of the lions' diet(Q38) is made up of the livestock of these farmers - goats, chickens and so on - as much as a third,in fact. And they've even been known to attack humans(Q39), especially in times of drought. One final piece of interesting information - in ancient India one of the greatest tests of leadership(Q40) for a man was to fight a lion. Now it seems, in modern India it will be a great test to see if the lion can be saved, I'm sure this is something that all of you will share concern for too.。

剑桥雅思9听力原文

Text 1Section1W: Good evening. King's restaurant.M: Good evening. I'm ringing about the job I understand you have vacant?W: Oh, yes.M: I'd like to find out a few more details if I may.W: Yes, of course. Can I take your name?M: It's Peter Chin.W: Ok, Peter. Well, if you want to ask about the job and then if we're both still interested, we could arrange you to come for an interview.M: Great, thanks. I'm afraid I missed the advert for the job but I heard about it from a friend.W: That's no problem at all. What would you like to know?M: Well, um, what sort of work is it- washing up?W: It's answering the phone.M: Oh, right, fine.W: And not waiting at table.M: That'll be good. And how many nights a week would it be?W: Well, we're really only busy at the weekend.M: So two nights?W: Three actually, so it would work out 12 hours a week.M: That'd be fine. It wouldn't interfere with my studies.W: Are you in the university?M: Yes, first year Physics student.W: Oh, rightM: Because I'm not an EU national, would I need a work permit? W: Yes, you would. Just get you tutor to sign it.M: That wouldn't be a problem if I were to get the job. Um, where exactly is the restaurant?W: Well, we have two branches- the one we're recruiting for is in Hillsdunne road.M: Em, I don't know that. How do you spell it, please?W: It's H-I-double L-S-D-U- double N-E Road.M: Got that, thanks. Is it near a bus stop?W: Yes, the nearest one would probably be just beside the library. M: Oh, yes, I know it. That'll be fine for me. And could I ask about the pay?W: We're offering 4.45 pounds an hour.M: That's very good. My last job was 3.95 an hour.W: We feel it's pretty good and we also offer some good fringe benefits(附加福利).M: Really?W: Well, we give you a free dinner, so you eat well.M: Right. Better than hostel food.W: We certainly hope so. And we also offer extra pay for working on national holidays.M: Oh, that's a really good perk(额外收入), isn't it?W: Yes, we think so. And then because of the difficulties of getting public transport, if you're working after 11 o'clock, we drive you home.M: Oh, that's good to know.W: We'd certainly be interested in inviting you for an interview, if you're still interested?M: Oh, yes, certainly. Could I just also ask what qualities you're looing for?W: Well, for this particular job, we want a clear voice, which you obviously do haveM: Thanks.W: And you must be able to think quickly, you know.M: Well, I hope I'd...W: So, when could you come in for an interview. We're actually quite quiet tonight?M: Sorry, I couldn't come tonight or tomorrow, I'm afraid. Thursday is ok, that'd be 22nd of October.W: Fine, after 5 pm?M: Yes, fine. Would 6 o'clock be ok?W: Perfect. And could you bring along the names of two referees? M: Yes, that's fine. No problem.W: Good, I look forward to seeing you.M: Oh, by the way, who should I ask for?W: Oh, yes, of course, sorry. My name is Samira ManujaM: Can you spell that please?W: M-a-n-u-j-aM: Ok, I've got that. Thank you very much.W: Look forward to seeing later ...Section2M: Now we go to Jane who is going to tell us about what's happening in town this weekend.W: Right, thanks, Andrew, and now on to what's new, and do we really need yet another sports shopping Bradcaster? Well, most of you probably know Sports World- the branch of a Danish sports goods company that opened a few years ago-it's attracted a lot of custom, and so the company has now decided to open another branch in thearea. It's going to be in the shopping center to the west of Bradcaster, so that will be good news for all of you who found the original shop in the North of the town hard to get to.I was invited to a special preview and I can promise you, this is the ultimate in sports retailing. The whole place has been given a new minimalist(极简主义者) look with the company's signature colors of black and red.The first three floors have a huge range of sports clothing as well as the equipment. And on the top floor, there is a cafe and a book & DVD section. You'll find all the well-known names as well as some less well-known ones.If they haven't got exactly what you want in the stock, they promised to get it for you in 10 days, unlike the other store, where it can take up to 14 days. They cover all the major sports, including football, tennis, and swimming, but they particularly focus on running and they claim to have the widest range of equipment in the country. As well as that, a whole section of the third floor is devoted to sports bags, including the latest design from the States- If you can't find what you want here, it doesn't exist.The shop would be open from 9 am this Saturday, and if you go along to the opening then you'll have the chance to meet the national 400 meters running champion Paul King, who's coming along to open the shop, and he will be stay around until about the midday to chat to any fans who want to meet him and sign autographs.Then there will be a whole range of special attractions all weekend. There will be free tickets for local sporting events for the first 50 customers, and also a special competition open to all, just answer 15 out of 20 sports questions correctly to win a signed copy of Paul King's DVD 'Spring Tips', while the first person to get all the questions correct gets a year's free membership of the Bradcaster Gym. All entrance will receive a special Sports calendar with details of all Bradcaster fixtures in the coming year.One of the special opening offers is a fitness test- a complete review of your cardiac fitness and muscle tone, actually done in the shop by qualified staff. This would normally cost 30 pounds but is available at half price for this month only. There are only a limited number of places available for this, so to make a booking phone 560341.In addition, if you open an account you get lots more special offers including the chance to try out the equipment at the special opening evenings...Section3Pro: Before we start, Spiros and Hiroko, thanks for coming in today to talk about your recent study experiences and congratulations to you both in doing so well in the first semester exams. I'd like to discuss with you the value of the English for Academic Purposes course you did here last year before starting your university course. Spiros, if I could start with you, what parts of the programme have now proved to be particularly valuable to you?S: I think that having to do a seminar presentation really helped me. For example, a couple of weeks ago in our marketing subject, when it was my turn to give presentation, I felt quite confident.Of course, I was still nervous but because I had done one before,I knew what to expect. Also, I know I was well prepared andI had practised my timing. In fact, I think that in relationto some of the other people in my group, I did quite a good job because my overall style was quite professional.Pro: What about you Hiroko?H: Mmm, that's interesting. In my group, I was really surprised by the way students did their presentations - they just read the notes aloud. Can you believe that? They didn't worry about their presentation style or keeping eye contact with their audience - and I remember that these things were really stressed to us in the course here.Pro: So, how did you approach your presentation Hiroko?H: Well, to speak frankly, I read my notes too. At the time, it was a relief to do it this way, but actually when I had finishedI didn't fell any real sense of satisfaction. I didn't feelpositive about the experience at all.S: That's a pity. You know although I was pleased with my presentation, I'm not so pleased with my actual performance right now in the tutorials - during the whole semester I've not said anything in our tutorial discussions. Not a word. H: Really, Spiros, why is that? Do the other students talk too much? S: It's partly that, but it's mostly because I have had no confidence to speak out. Their style of speaking is so differen - it's not the style we were used to during the course. There are so many colloquialism（白话，口语，俗话，方言）， they notvery polite and sometimes they seems to be no order in their discussion. Also they are very familiar with each other, so because they know each other's habits, they can let each other into the discussion.H: You're right, Spiros. I've experienced that too.H: For most of this semester, I've said absolutely nothing in two tutorials. But recently I've been trying to speak up more andI just jump in. And I've noticed an interesting thing. I'venoticed that if they thought my point was interesting and new, then the next time they actually asked for my opinion, and then it was much easier for me to be part of the discussion.S: That's great, Hiroko. I hope that happens for me next semester-I'll have to work hard to find some interesting points.What help you to find these ideas?H: I think that one thing that helped me with this was the reading.I've had to do so much reading this semester just to help me to make sense of the lectures. At first I couldn’t understand what the lecturers were talking about, so I had to turn to the books and journals. Every night I read for hours, using the lists of references that were given, and I made pages of notes.At breakfast, I read and read my notes again. This habit hashelped me to follow the ideas in the lectures, and it's also given me some ideas to use in the tutorials.S: But I did so much readings anyway- I don't think there's any time left over for anything extra. My reading speed is still quite slow, though I'm much better at dealing with vocabulary than I used to be.Pro: What else do you think we could add to the course program to help with this reading problem?S: Er, there's not really anything because it's my problem. I remember we were given long articles to read. We didn't like that but now I realise that reading those long articles was good preparation for the things I need to read now. Also, in class we regularly had speed-reading tasks to do, and we kepta record of our reading speed, so the teachers were encouragingus to work on that.H: That's true, Spiros, but what we read could have been different.Sometime in the English class I felt frustrated when I had to read articles about the environment or health or education, because I wanted to concentrate on my own field, but we didn't read anything about engineering. So, I think I wasted some time learning vocabulary I didn't need.Pro: But surely this strategies you were taught for dealing with that vocabulary were helpful?H: Yes, but psychologically speaking, I would have felt much better working on reading from my own field. What do you think Spiros? S: Well, I agree. That would have helped my confidence too, andI would have been more motivated. And it was good though thatwe could work on our own topics when we wrote the research assignments.Pro: Ok, that's move on to writing now...Section4Good afternoon everyone. Well, with some of you will go out on fieldwork it's timely that in this afternoon's session I'll be sharing some ideas about the reasons why groups of whales and dolphins sometimes swim ashore from the sea right onto the beach and, most often, die in what were known as "mass stranding".Unfortunately, this type of event is a frequent occurrence in some of the locations that you'll be travelling to, where sometimes the tide goes out suddenly, confusing the animals. However, there are many other theories about the causes of mass strandings.The first is that the behavior is linked to parasites. It's often found that stranded animals were infested with large numbers of parasites. For instance, a type of worm is commonly found in the ears of dead whales. Since marine animals rely heavily on their hearing to navigate, this type of infestation has the potential to be very harmful.Another theory is related to toxins, or poisons. These have also been found to contribute to the death of many marine animals. Many toxins, as I'm sure you're aware, originate from plants, or animals. The whale ingests these toxins in its normal feeding behavior but whether these poisons directly or indirectly lead to stranding and death, seems to depend upon the toxin involved.In 1988, for example, fourteen humpback whales exclaimed after stranding along the beaches of Cape Code were found to have been poisoned after eating tuna that contained saxitoxin, the same toxin that can be fatal to humans.Alternatively, it has also been suggested that some animals stranded accidentally by following their prey ashore in the confusion of the chase. In 1995 David Thurston monitored pilotwhales that beached after following the squid ashore. However, this idea does not seem to hold true for the majority of mass strandings because examination of the animals' stomach contents reveal that most had not been feeding as they stranded.There were also some new theories, which link strandings to hunmans. A growing concern is that loud noises in the ocean cause stranings. Noises such as these caused by military exercises are of particular concern and have been pinpointed as the cause of some strandings of late.One of these, a mass stranding of whales in 2000 in the Bahamas conincided closely with experiments using a new submarine detection system. There are several factors that made this stranding stand out as different from previous strandings. This led researchers to look for a new cause. For one, all the stranded animals were healthy. In addition, the animals were spread out along 38 kilometers of coast, whereas it's more for the animals to be found in a group when mass strandings occur.A final theory is related to group behaviour, and sugests that sea mammals cannot distinguish between sick and healthy leaders and will follow sick leaders, even to an inevitable death. Thisis a particularly interesting theory since the whales that are thought to be most social-the toothed whaled- are the group that strand the most frequently.The theory is also supported by evidence from a dolphin stranding in 1994. Examination of the dead animals revealed that apart from the leader, all the others had been healthy at the time of their death.Without one consistent theory however it is very hard for us to do anything about this phenomenon except to assist animal where and when we can. Stranding networks have been established around the world to aid in rescuing animals and collecting samples form those that could not be helped. I recommended John Connor's Marine Mammals ashore as an excellent starting point if you're interested in finding out more about there networks, or establishing one yourself.Text 2Section 1M: Good morning. Can I help you?W: Yes. I've been accepted on a course at the university and I'd like to try and arrange accommodation in the hall of residence. M: Yes, certainly. Please sit down. What I'll do is fill in a form with you to find out a little more about your preferences and so forth.W: Thank you.M: So first of all, can I take you name?W: It's Anu Bhatt.M: Could you spell your name please?W: Yes. A-N-U...B-H-A double T.M: Thanks, and could I ask your date of birth?W: 31st March 1972.M: Thank you. And where are you from?W: India.M: Oh right. And what will you be studying?W: I'm doing a course in nursing.M: Right, thank you. And how long would you want to stay in hall, do you think?W: Well, it'll take three years but I'd only like to stay in hall for two. I'd like to think about living outside for the third year.M: Fine. And what did you have in mind for catering? Do you want to cook for yourself or have all your meals provided, that's full board?W: Is there something in between?M: Yes. You can just have evening meal provided, which is half board.W: That's what I prefer.M: Yes, a lot of students opt for that. Now, with that in mind, do you have any special diet, anything we should know about? W: Yes, I don't take red meat.M: No red meat.M: Now thinking about the room itself, we have a number of options.You can have a single study room or you can have a shared one.These are both what we call simple rooms. The other alternative is to opt for a single bedsit, which actually has more space and better facilities. There's about £20 a week difference between them.W: Well, actually my grant is quite generous and I think the bedsit sound the best option.M: Lovely. I'll put you down for that and we'll see what availability is like. Now can I ask some other personal details which we like to have on record?W: yes, of course.M: I wonder if you could let us know what your interests are. This might help us get a closer match for placing you in a particular hall.W: Ummm. Well, I love the theatre.M: Right.W: And I enjoy sports, particularly badminton.M: That's worth knowing. Now, what we finish with on the form is really a list from you of what you priorities are in choosinga hall and we'll do our best to take these into account. W: Well, the first thing is I'd prefer a hall where there are other mature students, if possible.M: Yes, we do have halls which tend to cater for slightly older students.W: Ummm and I'd prefer to be out of twon.M: That's actually very good for you because we tend have more vacancies in out-of-town halls.W: Lucky!M: Yes. Anything else?W: Well, I would like somewhere with a shared area, a TV room for example, or something like that. It's a good way to socialise. M: It certainly is.W: That's it.M: Now, we just need a contact telephone number for you.W: Sure, I'll just find it. It's double 6-7549M: Great, so we'll be in contact with you as soon as possible...Section2Hello, I'd delighted to welcome you to our Wildlife Club, and very pleased that you're interested in the countryside and the plants and creatures of this area. I think you'll be surprised at the variety we have here, even though we're not far from London. I'll start by telling you about some of the parks and open spaces nearby.One very pleasant place is Halland Common. This has been public land for hundreds of years, and what you'll find interesting is that the River Ouse, which flows into the sea eight kilometers away, had its source in the common. There;s an information board about the plants and animal you can see here, and by the way, the common is accessible 24 hours a day.Then there's Holt Island, which is noted for its great range of trees. In the past willows were grown here commercially for basket-making, and this ancient craft recently been reintroduced. The island is only open to the public form Friday to Sunday, because it's quite small, and if there were people around every day, much of the wildlife would keep away.From there it's just a short walk across the bridge to Longfield Country Park. Longfield has a modern replica of a farm over two thousand years ago. Children's activities are often arranged there, like bread-making and face-painting. The park is only open during daylight hours, so bear that in mind if you decide to go there.Longfield has a programme of activities throughout the year, and to give you a sample, this is what's happening in the next few days. On Monday you can learn about herbs, and how they've been used over the centuries. You'll start with a tour of our herb graden, practise the techinique of using them as colour dyes for cloth, and listen to an illustrated talk about their use in cooking and medicine.Then on Wednesday you can join local experts to discover the variety of insects and birds that appear in the evening. We keep to a small number of people in the group, so if you want to go you'll need to phone the park ranger a few days ahead. There's a small charge, which you should pay when you turn up.I'm sure you're all keen to help with the practical task of looking after the park, so on Saturday you can join a working party. You'll have a chose of all sports of activities, from plantinghedges to picking up litter, so you'll be able to change from one to another when you feel like it. The rangers will be hard at work all day, but do come and join in, even for just a short while. One thing, though, is to make sure you're wearing something that you don't mind getting dirty to torn.And finally I'd like to tell you about our new wildlife area, Hinchingbrooke Park, which will be opened to the public next month. This slide doesn't really indicate how big it is, but anyway, you can see the two gates into the park, and the main paths. As you can see, there's a lake in the north west of the park, with a bird hide to the west of it, at the end of a path. So it'll be a nice quiet place for watching the bird on the lake.Fairly close to where refreshments are available, there's a dog-walking area in the southern part of the park, leading off from the path. And if you just want to sit and relax, you can go to the flower garden; that's the circular area on the map surrounded by paths.And finally, there's a wooded area in the western section of the park, between two paths. Okay, that's enough from me, so let's go on to...Section3Pam: Hi Jun. As you know, I've asked you here today to discuss the future of our Self-Access Centre. We have to decide what we want to do about this very important resource for our English language students. So, can you tell me what the students think about this?Jun: Well, from the student's point of view, we would like to keep it. The majority of students say that they enjoy using it because it provides a variation on the classroom routine and they see it as a pretty major component of their course, but we would like to see some improvements to the equipment, particularly the computers; there aren't enough for one each at the moment and we always have to share.P: Well yes, the teachers agree that it is a very valuable resource but one thing we have noticed is that a lot of the student using it, but we think the computers should used as a learning resource, nor for emails. Some of us also think that we could benefit a lot more by relocating the Self-Access Centre to the main University library building. How do you think the students would feel about that, Jun?J: Well, the library is big enough to incorporate the Self-AccessCentre, but it wouldn't be like a class activity anymore. Our main worry would be not being able to go to a teacher for advice.I'm sure there would be plenty of things to do but we really need teachers to help us choose the best activities.P: Well, there would still be a teacher present and he or she would guide the activities of the students, we wouldn't just leave them to get on with it.J: Yes, but I think the students would be much happier keeping the existing set-up; they really like going to the Self-Access Centre with their teacher and staying together as a group to do activities. If we could just improve the resources and facilities, I think it would be fine. Is the cost going to bea problem?P: It's not so much the expense that I'm worried about, and we've certainly got roon to do it, but it's the problem of timetablinga teacher to be in there outside class hours. If we're goingto spend a lot of money on equipment and resources, we really need to make sure that everything is looked after properly.Anyway, let's make some notes to see just what needs doing to improve the Centre.Pam: Now, what about the computers? I think it might be a good ideato install some new models. They would take up a lot less room and so that would increase the work space for text books and so on.Jun: That would be great. It is a bit cramped in there at times. P: What about other resources? Do you have a list of things that the students would like to see improved?J: Yes, one of the comments that students frequently make is that they find it difficult to find materials that are appropriate for their level, especially reading resources, so I think we need to label them more clearly.P: Well that's easy enough, we can get that organised every quickly.In fact I think we should review all of the study resources as some of them are looking a bit out-of-date.J: Definitely. The CD section especially needs to be more current.I think we should get some of the ones that go with our latestcourse books and also make multiple copies.P: Good, now I was also thinking about some different materials that we haven't got in there at all. What do you think of the idea of introducing some workbooks? If we break them up into separate pages and laminate them, they'd be a great resource.The students could study the main course book in class and thendo follow-up practice in the Self-Access Centre.J: That sounds good.P: Okay, now finally we need to think about how the room is used.I'll have to talk to the teachers and make sure we can all reach some agreement on a timetable to supervise the centre after class. But we also need to think about security, too.Especially if we're going to invest in some new equipment. J: What about putting in an alarm?P: Good idea. The other thing I'd like to do is talk to our technicians and see whether we could somehow limit the access to email. I really don't want to see that resource misused. J: What about if we agree to only use it before and after class? P: Yes, that would be fine. OK, anway... that's great for now. We'll dicuss it further when we've arranged to...Section4Good morning everyone. Now whether you're going to University to study business or some other subject, many of you will eventually end up working for a company of some kind.Now, when you first start working somewhere you will realise that the organisation you've joined has certain characteristics.And we often refer to these social characteristics as the culture of the organisation- this includes its unwritten ideas, beliefs, values and things like that. One well known writer has classified company cultures by identifying four major types.The first type is called the Power Culture, and it's usually found in small organisations.It's the type of culture that needs a central source of power to be effective, and bucause control is in the hands of just one or two people there aren't many rules or procedures. Another characteristic is that communication usually takes the form of conversations rather than, say, formal meetings or written memos. Now one of the benefits of this culture is that the organisation has the ability to act quickly, so it responds well to threat, or danger on the one hand, and opportunity on the other.But on the negative side, this type of organisation doesn't always act effectively, because it depends too much on one or two people at the top, and when these people make poor decisions there's no-one else who can influence them.And the kind of person who does well in this type of business。

剑桥雅思5听力原文加翻译

接待员:很好。虽然很好的时间是在今年晚些时候。我有
to say though that the whale sighting is only one of the many things
说尽管鲸鱼看到只有一个的很多东西
offered. CUSTOMER: Really?
提供。顾客:真的吗?
RECEPTIONIST: Yes. The hotel itself where you stay has great facilities. It's called
顾客:哦,你好。我感兴趣你假期提供沿着海岸
near here.
在附近。
RECEPTIONIST: Yes. We operate several tours up the coast. Where in particular did
接待员:是的。我们几个沿着海岸旅游。在特定的了
you want to go?
顾客:不,我认为我更喜欢鲸鱼蛇。
RECEPTIONIST: Yeah. And if you just want to relax you are free to sit by the hotel
接待员:是的。如果你只是想放松你坐的酒店都是免费的
pool or go down the beach. Oh, and they also have tennis courts at
顾客:我可以用信用卡支付吗?
RECEPTIONIST: Yes, you can.
接待员:是的,你可以。
CUSTOMER: All right, what I'll do is I'll talk to my partner and get back to you.

剑桥雅思新编听力原文

T e x t 1 Section 1Man: Hello,this is Land Transport information at toronto Airport.Woman: Oh,good morning,I’m flying to toronto Airportnext week, and I need to get to a town called um, you tell me how I can get there? Man: Milton,did you say? Let me see. I think that’s about 150 miles south-west of here .In fact it’s 147 miles to be exact, so it’ll take you at least –say ,three to four hours byroad.Woman: Wow! Is it as far as that?Man: yes,I’m afraid you have a number of options to get you here and you can always renta car right hereat the airport,of course.Woman: Right. Well, I don’t really want to drive myself ，so I’d like more information about public transport.Man: that case the quickest and most comfortable is a cab and of course there are always plenty it’ll cost can also take a greyhound bus or there’s an airport shuttle Service to Miiton.Woman: Hummm, I think for that kind of distance a cab would be way beyond my budget.But the bus sounds you tell me how much that would cost?Man: Sure. Let’s see. That wold be $15 one way,or $ return. That’s on the Greyhound. Woman:Oh,that’s quite cheap-great!.but whereabouts does ie stop in Milton?Man: It goes directly from the airport here to the City Centre and it’s p retty you have to bear in mind that there is only one departure a day, so it depends what time your flight gets in.Woman: Oh,of course. Hang on, we’re due to get there at 11:30 am.Man: Hmmm, too bad, the bus leaves at 3:45, so you would have quite a wait – more than 4 hours.Woman:Oh,I see. Well, what about the shuttle you mentioned?Man: OK. That’s the Airport Shuttle that will take you from the airport right to your hotel or private address. It’s a door-to-door service and it would suit you much better,because there’s one every two hours.Woman: So how much does that cost?Man: Let’s see. Yeah, that’s $35 one way, $65 return, so I guess it’s a bit more expensive than the Greyhound.Woman:Oh, that doesn’t sound too if it*ll take me straight to the hot el.Man:But you do need to reserve a seat.Woman:OK. Is it possible to make a booking right now? Through you?Man:Sure.Man: just have to fill this form out for you. So what date do you want to book this for? Woman:The 16th of Octobler –oh,no,’s my departure date. I arrive on the 17th, so book it for then,please.Man: So, That’s the Toronto Airport Shuttle to this is for just one person or…?Woman: yes, just me, please.Man:Right. And you said your excepted time of arrival was 11:30? So if I book your Shuttle for after 12:00- let’s say, 12:30 that should give you plenty of time to, you know,collect your baggage maybe grab a coffee?Woman:Yeah, that sounds fine, as long as we land on time!Man: Well,we’ll take you flight details so you don’t need to warry too much about that. Now.what about the fare? What sort of ticket do you want? One way or…？Woman:Yes,that’ll be fine, provided I can book the return trip once I’m there.Man:No problem – just allow a couple of days in advanced to make sure you get a seat. And what’s you name, please?Woman:Janet, Janet Thomson.Man:Is that Thompson spelt with a “p”?Woman: No,it’s T-H-O-M-S-O-N.Man: OK,And you’ll be coming from the UK? What flight will you be travelling on? Woman:Oh, it’s Air Canada flight number AC936, from London Heathrow.Man:Right. Now,do you know where you’ll be staying? We need to give the driver an address.Woman:yes, it’s called the Vacation Mote-and I think it’s near the town centre. Anyway, the address is 24 Kitchener Street- that’s kitch ener street.Man: That’s fine. Right. So that’s $35 to pay please. Have you get your credit card number there？Woman:Yes, it’s a VISA card ,and the number is 3303 8450 2045 6837Man: OK，well,that seems to be everything .have a good trip and we’ll see you i n Toronto next week.Woman:yes, bye-ok, thanks for your help!Section 2Thank you all for coming to my talk this evening. It’s nice to see many people in the audience . For those of you who don’t know very much about PS Camping , let me start by giving you some background information about the company.The company started twenty-five years ago. It actually opened as a retail chain selling camping equipment and then twenty years ago, it bought a small number of campsites in the UK ,and began offering camping holidays. The company grew rapidly and has been providing holidays in continental Europe for the last fifteen years.If you book a camping holiday with us, you’ll have a choice of over three hundred sites. In Italy we now have some 64 sites that we either own, or have exclusive use of France is where we have the majority of sites, and we currently have a project to expand into Switzerland. We also have a number of sites in Northern Spain, particularly in the mountainous region of picos de Europa. W e’ve upgraded all these Spanish sites, and improved them considerably from their original three-star ratingWe believe our holidays offer superb facilities for the whole family. Parents who want their children to be fully occupied for all or part of the day can take advantage of our children’s activities. These are organised by our well-qualified and enthusiastic staff. Each day kicksoff a sports match, perhaps football, or volleyball, followed by an hour of drama for everyone. This may include singing or dancing, mime or other activities. In the afternoon, there’s a different art activity for each day of the week including a poster competition or model making. What’s more, our sites are truly child-friendly, and, with this in mind, we operate a no-noise ru le in the evenings. Children’s evening activities usually finish at 9:30, or occasionally 10, and from 10:30 holiday-makers are expected to be quiet in the areas where there are tents.We want nothing to go wrong on a PS Camping holiday, but if it does, we also want all customers to be insured. If you haven’t organised an annual insurance policy of your own you’ll need to take out the low-cost cover we offer and we require that you arrange this when you take your holiday reservation.There are many advantages to choosing PS Camping, and to recommending it to others. As a regular customer. You’ll be kept informed of special offers. And your friends can benefit from ten per cent off their holiday, or book a luxury tent for the price of a standard one. In return, we’ll send you a thank-you present, which you can choose from a list of high-quality items.When it comes to our tents, these are equipped to the highest standard. We really do think of every essential detail, from an oven and cooking rings fuelled by bottled gas, to mirrors in the bedroom areas. If you don’t want to cook indoors, you can borrow a barbecue if you ask in advance for one to be made available, and there’s even a picnic blanket to sit on outside your tent. Inside, a bo x of games and toys can be found, and children’s tents can be hired if required, All tents have a fridge, and if you want to spend the day on the beach, for example, ask for a specially designed PS Camping cool box, which will keep your food and drinks chilled. There are excellent washing facilities at all our sites, with washing machines and clothes lines in the central areas, along with mops and buckets in case your tent needs cleaning during your stay. All sites have a cafe and/or a shop for those who’d rather ‘eat in’ than dine at a local restaurant.Section 3Tutor:Well, you’ve both been looking at different styles of managing individuals，in companies and the workplace. How’s the research going,philip?Philip:Well, I’ve been looking at why individualis m, I mean individual difference, are such an important area of management studies. When you think about any organization, be it a family business or a multinational company, they are all fundamentally a group of people working together. But it’s what these individuals contribute to their pleases of work that makes you realize how important they are. Of course they bring different ideas, but it’s also their attitudes and their experiences of learning. Diversity is important in these areas too. Tutor:So why do people behave so differently from one another at work?Philip:There are lots of reason but research has shown a lot of it comes down to personality. And the other factor is gender. It’s a well known fact that men and women do lots of things in different ways, and the workplace is no different.Tutor:Did you look at the effects of this variation on companies?Philip:Yes, I did. On the positive side, exposure to such diversity helps encourage creativity which is generally an asset to a company. But unfortunately individual difference are alsothe root of conflict between staff and they can lead to difficulties for management, which can sometimes be serious.**********************************************Tutor:Thanks,philip. So now I guess the two main things to remember here are to identify individual talent and then to utilize it. So Janice, you were looking at identifying different talents in workers Do you think this is easy for managers to do?Janice:Well,currently teamwork is in fashion in the workplace and in my opinion the importance of the individual is generally neglected. What managers should be targeting is those employees who can take the lead in a situation and are not afraid to accept the idea of responsibility.Tutor:That’s true. Janice but unf ortunately many managers think the entire notion of encouraging individuality amongst their staff is far too hard.Janice:Yes. That may be true but I think one of the most important tasks of managers is to consider the needs of the individual on one hand and group co-operation and conformity on the other. It requires creative thinking on the part of management to avoid tension.Tutor:So Janice, what kind of people do you think companies should be looking for? Janice Well, it has to start from the very beginning when companies are looking for new employees. When the personal department is choosing between applicants they need to look for someone who’s broken the mould and can think for themselves. Instead, people making these decisions often ues a range of psychological tests to see if a person is a problem solver, or will do as they’re told. I’m not convinced these qualities are actually the most important. Tutor:So do you think being a good team player is overrated?Janice No,it’s not overrated. You do need to learn the rules and learn them fast. No individual can get around this if you’re working in an organization.Tutor:So how should managers deal with this?Janice Rewards. When an individual demonstrates, the behaviour the organisation expects, some kind of incentive can be given. What’s important here is that this happens right at the beginning so new recruits learn the rules of the system immediately. Also the incentive should be something the individual actually wants, and this isn’t always just money。

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T e s t 1 Section 1A:Hi，George! Glad you're back. Loads of people have phoned you.B: ReallyA: I felt just like your secretary!B: Sorry! I went into the library this afternoon to have a look at a newspaper and I came across something really interestingA: What A bookB:No，a brochure(EXAMPLE) from a summer festival - mainly Spanish music. Look，I've got it here.A: Spanish music I really love the guitar. Let's have a look. So what's this group ‘Guitarrini'B: They're really good. They had a video Q1with all the highlights of the festival at a stand in the lobby to the library，so I heard them. They play fantastic instruments - drums and flutes and old kinds of guitars. I've never heard anything like it before.A: Sounds great.B: Okay. Shall we go then Spoil ourselves Yes，let's.A: The only problem is there aren't any cheap seats . . . it's all one price. Well，in that case we could sit right at the front - we'd have a really good view.B:Yeah，though I think that if you sit at the back You can actually hear the whole thingA: Yes. Anyway we can decide when we get there.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------A: So will you fill in the form or shallB: 1'11 do it. Name: George O'Neill. Address: 18 North Avenue Q3,Westsea. Do you remember our new postcode Still can't remember it.A: Just a minute - I've got it written down here. WS6 2YH Q4. Do you need the phone tooB: Please. I'm really bad at numbers.A:.Q5 So，let's book two tickets for Guitarrini.B: Okay. If you're sure each is all right. How do you feel about the singerA: I haven't quite decided. But I've noticed something on the booking form that might just persuade me!B: What's that thenA: Free refreshments!B: ReallyA: Yes，look here. Sunday 17th of June. Singer, ticket ? includes drinks Q6in the garden.B: Sounds Iike a bargain to me!A: Yes，let's book two tickets for that. So, what else I'm feeling quitekeen now! How about the pianist Q7 on the 22nd of JuneB: Anna Ventura I've just remembered that's my evening c1ass night.A: That's okay. I’ll just have to go on my own - but we can go to theSpanish dance and guitar concert together，can't weB: Yes -I'm sure Tom and Kieran would enjoy that too. Good heavens-? Q8a ticket! I can see we're going to have to go without food for the restof the week - we'll need to book four! Q9A:Wish we were students 一 look! Children，Students and Senior Citizensget a 50%Q10 discount on everything. B: If only!Section 2Hello,and thank you for asking me to your teachers' meeting to talk about the Dinosaur Museum and to tell you a bit about what you can do with your students there.Well,let me give you some of the basic information first. In regard to opening hours,we're open every day of the week from am to pm except on Mondays when we close at ,in fact the only day in the year when we’re closed is on the 25th of December Q11&12. You can book a guided tour for your school group any time that we're open. If you bring a school group to the museum,when you arrive we ask you to remain with your group i n the car park. One or more of the tour guides will welcome you there and brief you Q13 about what the tour will be about. We do this there because our entrance is quite small and we really haven't got much room for briefing groups in the exhibition area.As far as the amount of time you'll need goes,if you bring a school group you should plan on allowing a minimum of 90 minutes for the visit. This allows 15 minutes to get on and offthe coach,45 minutes Q14for the guided tour and 30 minutes for after-tour activities.If you're going to have lunch at the museum you will,of course,have to allow more time. There are two cafés in the museum,with seating for 80 people. If you want to eat there you'lI need to reserve some seating,as they can get quite crowed at lunch time. Then utside the museum at the back there are tables Q15, and students can bring their own lunch and eat it there in the open air.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------When the students come into the museum foyer we ask them to check in their backpacks with their books,lunch boxes , etc, at the cloakroom before they enter the museum proper. I'm afraid in the past we have had a few things gone missing after school visits so this is a strict rule. Also,some of the exhibits are fragile and we don't want them to be accidentally knocked. But we do provide school students with handouts with questions and quizzes on them.Q16-18There's so much that students can learn in the muse um and it’s fun for them to have something to do. Of course! They’ll need to bring something to write with for these. We do allow students to take photograph.Q16-18 For students who are doing projects it's useful to make some kind of visual record of what they see that they can add to their reports. And finally, they should not bring anything to eat into the museum, or drinks of any kind. There are also a few things the students can do after the tour. In the theatre on the ground floor there are continuous screenings of short documentaries about dinosaurs which they can see any time.Q19&20We used to have an activityroom with more interactive things like making models of dinosaurs and drawing and painting pictures, even hunting for dinosaur eggs, but unfortunately the room was damaged in a bad storm recently when water came in the roof, so tha1's closed at the moment. But we do have an IT Centre where students have access to CD ROMs with a range of dinosaur games. Q19&20These games are a lot of fun, but they also teach the students about the lives of dinosaurs, how they found food, protected their habitat, survived threats, that kind of thing.And . . .I think that's all 1 have to tell you. Please feel free to ask any questions if you would like to know anything else.Section 3T: Right, Sandra. You wanted to see me to get some feedback on your group's proposal. The one you're submitting for the Geography society field trip competition. I've had a look through your proposal and I think it's a really good choice. In fact, I only have a few things to say about it, but even in an outline document like this you really have to be careful to avoid typos and problems with layout in the proposal, and even in the contents page. so read it through carefully before submitting it, okay S: Will do.T: And I've made a few notes on the proposal about things which couldhave been better sequencedQ2I.S: Okay.T: As for the writing itself, I’ve annotated the proposal as and where I thought it could be improved. Generally speaking, I feel you've often used complex structures and long sentences for the sake of it and as a consequence . . . although your paragraphing and inclusion of sub-headings help . . . it's quite hard to follow your train of thought at times. So cut them down a bit,can vouQ22S: ReallyT: Yes. And don't forget simple formatting like numbering.S: Didn't I use page numbersT: I didn't mean that. Look, you’ve remembered to include headers and footers, which is good, but listing ideas clearly is Number them or use bullet points, which is even clearer. Then you'll focus the reader on your main points. I thought your suggestion to go to the Navajo Tribal Park was a very good idea.S: I've always wanted to go there. My father was a great fan of cowboy films and the Wild West so I was subjected to seeing all the epics, many of which were shot there. As a consequence,Q24 it feels very familiar to me and it's awesome both geographically and usually, so it's somewhereI've always wanted to The subsequent research I did and the online photographs made me even keener.T: Interesting. Right, let’s look at the content of your proposal now. S: Did you find it comprehensive enoughT: Well, yes and no. You've listed several different topics on your contents page, but I'm not sure they're all relevant.S: No Well, I thought that from the perspective of a field trip, one thing I needed to focus on was the sandstone plateaux and cliffs the way they tower up from the flat landscape is just amazing. The fact that the surrounding softer rocks were eroded by wind and rain, leaving these huge outcrops high above the plain. It's hardly surprising that tourists flock to see the area.T: Well, yes, I’d agree e with including those points . . .S: And then the fact that it's been home to native American Navajos and all the social history that goes with that. The hardships they endured trying to save their territory from the invading settlers. Their culture is so rich - all those wonderful stories.T: Well, I agree it's interesting, but it's not immediately relevant to your proposal, Sandra, so at this stage, I suggest you focus on other considerations. I think an indication of what the students on the tripcould actually do when they get there should be far more centraI,Q25-27so that certainly needs to be included and to be expanded upon. And I'd like to see something about the local wildlife, and vegetation too, Q25-27not that I imagine there’s much to see. Presumably the tourist invasion hasn't helped.S: O kay, I ’II do some work on those two areas as well. But you're right, there's not much apart from some very shallow-rooted species. Although it's cold and snowy there in the winter, the earth is baked so hard in the summer sun that rainwater can't it’s a case of flood or drought, really.T: So, I understand. Now, before we look at everything in more detail, I’ve got few actual questions for you. It would be a good idea to include the answers in your finished proposal, because they're missing from your draft.S: Fine.T: so, you mentioned the monoliths and the spires, which was good, but what area does the tribal park cover Do you knowS: I2,000 hectares,Q28 and the plain is at about 5,850 meters above sea level.T: Larger than I expected. Okay. Where's the nearest accommodation That'sa practical detail that you haven't included. Have you done any research on thatS: Yes. There's nowhere to stay in the park itself, but there's an old trading post called Goulding quite near. AII kinds of tours start from Goulding, too.T: What kind of toursS: Well,the most popular are in four-wheel drive jeeps - but I wouldn't recommend hiring those. I think the best way to appreciate the area wouldn’t be to hire horsesQ29 instead and trek around on those. Biking is not allowed and it's impossible to drive around the area in private vehicles. The tracks are too rough.T: Okay, lastly, what else is worth visiting thereS: There are several caves, but I haven’t looked into any details. I'II find out about them.T: Okay, good. Now what I'd like to know is . . .Section 4So, welcome to your introductory geography lecture. We’ll begin with some basics. Firstly what do we learn by studying geographyWell, we learn a great deal about all the processes that have affectedand that continue to affect the earth's we learn far more than that, because studying geography also informs us about the different kinds of relationships that develop between a particular environments Q32and the people that live there.Okay. We like to think of geography as having two main branches. There's the study of the natureof our planet - its physical features, what it actually looks like - and then there's the study of the ways in which we choose to live and of the impact Q33of those on our planet. Our current use of carbon fuels is a good example of that.But there are more specific study areas to consider too, and we’ll be looking at each of these in turn throughout this semester. These include bio-physical geography, by which 1 mean the study of the natural environment and all its living things. Then there's topography- that looks at the shapes of the land and oceans. There's the study of political geography and social geography too, of course, which is the study of communities of people. We have economic geography - in which we examine all kinds of resources and their use - agriculture, for example. Next comes historical geography - the understanding of how people and their environments and the ways they interact have changed over a period of time -and urbanQ34 geography, an aspect I'm particularly interested in,which takes as its focus the location of cities, the services that those cities provide, and migration of people to and from such cities. And lastly, we have cartography. That's the art and science of map- making. You'll be doing a lot of that!So, to summarize before we continue, we now have our key answer . . . studying this subject is important because without geographical knowledge, we would know very little about our surroundings and we wouldn't be able to identify all the problemsQ35 that relate to them. so, by definition, we wouldn't be in an informed position to work out how to solve any of them.Okay, now for some practicalities. What do geographers actually do Well, we collect data to begin with! You’ll be doing a lot of that on your first field trip! How do we do this There are several means. We might, for example, conduct a census - count a population in a given area perhaps. We also need image Q36 of the earth's surface which we can produce by means of computer-generation technology or with the help of satellite relays. We've come a very long way from the early exploration of the world by sailing ships when geographers only had pens and paper at their disposal.After we've gathered our information, we must analyse it! We need to look for pattern,Q37 most commonly those of causes and consequences. This kindof information helps us to predict and resolve problems that could affect the world we live in.But we don't keep all this information confidential. We then need to publish our findings so that other people can access it and be informed by it .And one way in which this information can be published is in the form of maps. You'll all have used one at some stage of your life already. Let's consider the benefits of maps from a geographer's perspective. Maps can be folded and put in a pocket and can provide a great store of reference when they're collected into an atlas. They can depict the physical features of the entire planet if necessary, or, just a small part of it in much greater detail. But there is a drawback. You can't exactly replicate something that is three-dimensional, like our planet, on a map at piece of paper, because paper has only two dimensions, and that means there’ll always be a certain degree of distortionQ38 a map. It can't be avoided.We can also use aerial photographs . . . pictures taken by cameras at high altitude above the earth. These are great for showing all kinds of geographical features that are not easy to see from the ground. You can easily illustrate areas of diseased trees or how much traffic Q39 is on the roads at a given time or information about deep sea beds, for example.Then there are Landsats. These are satellites that circle the earth and transmit visual information to computers at receiving stations. They circle the earth several times a day and can provide a mass of information –you’ll all be familiar with the informat ion they give us about the weatherQ40 for example. So, what we're going to do now is look at a short presentation in which you'II see all these tools.. .。