英美文学知识点

合集下载

英语专八-最全英美文学常识.

英语专八-最全英美文学常识.

英国文学(English Literature)一、Old and Medieval English Literature中古英语文学(8世纪-14世纪)1) The Old English Period / The Anglo-Saxon Period古英语时期(449-1066)a. pagan poetry(异教诗歌): Beowulf《贝奥武甫》- 最早的诗歌;长诗(3000行) heroism & fatalism & Christian qualitiesthe folk legends of the primitive northern tribes; a heroic Scandinavian epic legend; 善恶有报b. religious poetry: Caedmon(凯德蒙610-680): the first known religious poet; the father of English songCynewulf(基涅武甫9C): The Christc. 8th C, Anglo-Saxon prose: Venerable Bede(673-735); Alfred the Great(848-901)2) The Medieval Period中世纪(1066-ca.1485 / 1500):a. Romance中世纪传奇故事(1200-1500): the Middle Ages; 英雄诗歌无名诗人- Sir Gawain and the Green Knight《高文爵士与绿色骑士》: Celtic legend; verse-romance; 2530 lines~ 14th C,Age of Chaucer:* Geoffrey Chaucer(乔叟1340-1400): 文风:vivid and exact language, his poetry is full of vigor and swiftnessthe father of English poetry; the father of English fiction; 首创“双韵体”couplet; 首位用伦敦方言写作英国作家The Canterbury Tales:pilgrims stories 受Boccaccio(薄伽丘) - Decameron《十日谈》启发The House of Fame; Troilus and Criseyde; The Romaunt of the Rose《玫瑰罗曼史》(译作)* William Langland(朗兰1332-1400):The Vision of Piers Plowman《农夫皮尔斯之幻象》: 普通人眼中的社会抗议b. 15th C, English ballads: Thomas Malory (1395-1471):Morte D’Arthur《亚瑟王之死》- 圆桌骑士二、The Renaissance Period英国文艺复兴(1500-1660): humanism十四行诗,文艺复兴,无韵诗,伊丽莎白戏剧1) 诗歌Henry Howard(霍华德1516-1547)a. Thomas Wyatt (怀亚特1503-1542): the first to introduce the sonnet into English literatureb. Sir Philip Sidney(雪尼爵士1554-1586):代表了当时的理想- “the complete man”Defense of Poetry《为诗辩护》Astrophel and Stella; Arcadia《阿卡狄亚》: a prose romance filled with lyrics; a forerunner of the modern worldc.Edmund Spenser(斯宾塞1552-1599): the poets’ poet; non-dramatic poet of伊丽莎白时代- long allegorical romance文风:a perfect melody, a rare sense of beauty and a splendid imagination. The Shepherd CalendarThe Faerie Queen《仙后》:long poem for Queen Elizabeth; Allegory - nine-line verse stanza/ the Spenserian Stanza Spenserian Stanza(斯宾塞诗体): Nine lines, the first eight lines is in iambic(抑扬格) pentameter(五步诗),and the ninth line is an iambic hexameter(六步诗) line.2) Prose 散文a. Thomas More(莫尔1478-1535): 欧洲早期空想社会主义创始人Utopia《乌托邦》: More与海员的对话b. John Lyly (黎里1553-160,剧作家&小说家):EupheusEuphuism(夸饰文体): Abundant use of balanced sentences, alliterations(头韵) and other artificial prosodic(韵律) means.The use of odd similes(明喻) and comparisonsc. Francis Bacon (培根1561-1626):英国首位散文家,中世纪至现代欧洲时期; 近代唯物主义哲学奠基人和近代实验科学先驱the trumpeter of a new age;Essays(论说文集):Of Studies, Of Love, Of Beauty: the first true English prose classic3) 戏剧a. Christopher Marlowe(马洛1564-1593): University Wits 大学才子派Edward II;The Jew of Malta《马耳他的犹太人》first made blank verse(无韵诗:不押韵的五步诗) the principle instrument of English dramaThe Tragical History of Doctor Faustus《浮士德博士的悲剧》:根据德国民间故事书写成; 完善了无韵体诗。

英美文学考点

英美文学考点

一、文学术语*41.Epic叙事诗,史诗A long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. Many epics were drawn from an oral tradition and were transmitted by song and recitation before they were written down. Two of the most famous epics of Western civilization are Homer' s Iliad and Odyssey. The great epic of the Middle Ages is The Divine Comedy (神曲) by the Italian poet Dante. The two most famous English epics are the Anglo- Saxon Beowulf and John Milton' s Paradise Lost, which employ some of the conventions of the classical epic.2.Naturalism 自然主义(文学、艺术以反映现实为宗旨)Naturalism is a term of literary history, primarily a French movement in prose fiction and the drama during the final third of the 19th century, although it is also applied to similar movements or groups of writers in other countries in the later decades of the 19th and early years of the 20th cents. In France Emile Zola (1840-1902) was the dominant practitioner(习艺者,专业人员) of Naturalism in prose fiction and the chief exponent (鼓吹者,倡导者,拥护者;能手,大师) of its doctrines. The emergence of Naturalism does not mark a radical (彻底的) break with Realism, rather the new style is a logical extension of it. Broadly speaking, Naturalism is characterized by a refusal to idealize experience and by the persuasion that human life is strictly subjected to natural laws. The Naturalists shared withthe earlier Realists the conviction that the everyday life of the middle and lower classes of their own day provided subjects worthy of serious literary treatment. Emphasis was laid on the influence of the material and economic environment on behavior, and on the determining effects of physical and hereditary factors in forming the individual temperament. Famous American Naturalistic writers would include Jack London, Stephen Crane and Frank Norris, who were deeply influenced by Charles Darwin's evolution theory which believe that one's heredity and socialsituation limit one's character.3. Modernism现代派(盛行于20世纪的文学风格)Modernism was a complex and diverse international movement in all the creative arts, originating about the end of the 19th century and prosperity in the 20th century. The major themes of the modernist literature are the distorted, alienated and ill relationships between man and nature, man and society, man and man, and man and himself. The modernist writers concentrate more on the private than on the public, more on the subjective than on the objective They are mainly concerned with the inner being of an individual. In their writings, the past, the present and the future are mingled (混合) together and exist at the same time in the consciousness of an individual.4.Transcendentalism 超验主义It was a reaction to the 18th century Newtonian concept of the universe.The major features of New England Transcendentalism can be summarized as follows.1 The Transcendentalists placed emphasis on spirit, or the Oversoul, as the most important thing in the universe.2. The Transcendentalists stressed the importance of the individual. To them the individualwas the most important element of society.3. The Transcendentalists offered a fresh perception of nature as symbolic of the Spiritor God Nature was, to them, not purely matter. It was alive, filled with God' s overwhelming presence.I. Major Literary Terms in The Anglo-Norman Period1.Romance: Any imaginative literature that is set in an idealized world and that deals with heroic adventures and battles between good characters and villains or monsters. Originally, the term referred to a medieval tale dealing with the loves and adventures of kings and queens, knights and ladies, and including unlikely or supernatural happenings. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is the best of the medieval romances. John Keats' s The Eve of St. Agnes is one of the greatest metrical (格律) romances ever written.2. Ballad(民谣,叙事歌谣): A story told in verse and usually meant to be sung. In many centuries, the folk ballad was one of the earliest forms of literature. Folk ballads have n0 known authors. They were transmittedorally from generation to generation and were not set down in writing until centuries after they were first sung. The subject matter of folk ballads stems from the everyday life of the common people. The most popular subjects, often tragic, are disappointed love, jealousy, revenge, sudden disaster and deeds of adventure and daring. Devices commonly used in ballads are the refrain (叠词) , incremental repetition (叠句) and code language (特定语言) . A later form of ballad is the literary ballad which imitates the style of the folk ballad. The most famous English literary ballad is Samuel Taylor Coleridge' s The Rime of the .Ancient Mariner (老水手之歌) ,二、选择&填空The Anglo-Norman PeriodThe literature which Normans brought to England is remarkable for its---tales of--- and---, in marked contrast of____ and---of Anglo-Saxon poetry.● romantic, love , adventure, strength, somberness (昏暗;冷静) Geoffrey Chaucer1. The Canterbury Tales contains in fact a General Prologue and only--tales, of which two are left unfinished.●242. The--provides a framework for the tales in The Canterbury Tales and it comprises a group of vivid pictures of various medieval figures.●Prologue 序言3. The Canterbury Tales is Chaucer' s greatest work and the greater part ofit was written in--Couplets.●Heroic (英雄双韵体)4. The pilgrims in The Canterbury Tales are on their way to the shrine of St. Thomas a Becket at the place named---●Canterbury5. In The Canterbury Tales, from the character of---,we may see a very vivid sketch of a woman of the middle class, and a colorful picture of the domestic life of that class in Chaucer' s own day.●the Wife of Bath (巴斯夫人: 齐叟笔下一个结过5次婚等待第六位丈夫的女人)Renaissance1 Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and---are generally regarded as Shakespeare' s four great tragedies.●Macbeth2. Absolute monarchy in England reached its summit during the reign of---●Queen Elizabeth3.---wrote his---in which he gave a profound and truthful picture of people' s sufferings and put forward his ideal of a future happy society.●Thomas More, UtopiaThe literature of the 17th century1 After---' s death, monarchy was again restored in 1660. It was called theperiod of---●Oliver Cromwell; Restoration2. The Glorious Revolution took place in the year of---●1688.3. Paradise Lost tells how---rebelled against God and how---and---were driven out of Eden.●Satan; Adam, Eve.4. Bunyan' s most important work is---,written in the form old-fashioned medieval form of---and dream.●The Pilgrim' s Progress; allegory寓言The 18th century literature1. The image of an enterprising Englishman of the 18th century was created by Daniel Defoe in his famous novel---.●Robinson Crusoe2. The 18th century in English literature is an age of---●prose3. Jonathan Swift s masterpiece is---●Gulliver' s Travels4. William Blake' s work.--- (1794) are in marked contrast with the Songs of Innocence天真之歌●The Songs of Experience经验之歌5. The greatest of --- poets in the 18th century is Robert Burns.●ScottishThe 19th century literature1. With the publication of William Wordworth' s ---with S. T Coleridge, ---began to bloom and found a firm place in the history of English literature.●Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集,Romanticism2.The Romantic Age came to an end in 1832 when the last Romantic writer___ died.●Walter Scott3. The greatest historical novelist---was produced in the Romantic Age.●Walter Scott4.The glory of the Romantic age is in the poety of---, ---, ---, ---, ---, and ---.●Scott, Wordsworth, Coleridge科尔里奇,Byron, Shelley, Keats ,Moore, Southey索西.5.The English Romantic Period produced two major novelists. They are---●Scott and Austen6. In his poems Wordsworth aimed at the--- and ---of the language.●simplicity, purity7. Byron is chiefly known for his two long poems, one is Childe Harold' s Pilgrimage, and the other is ---.●Don Juan8.“Ode to a Nightingale” was written by---.●John Keats9.Jane Austen' s literary concern is about human beings in their---relationships.●personalVictorian Age1.In the 19th century English literature, a new literary trend--- appeared after the romantic poetry, and flourished in the time of---.●Critical realism, 1840s and 1850s.2.Critical realism reveals the corrupting influence of the rule of cash upon human nature. Here lies in the essentially--- and---character of critical realism.●Democratic, humanitarian3.In A tale of Iwo Cities, the two cities are---and ---in the time of revolution.●London, Paris .4.In 1847, Thackeray published his masterpiece---, which marks the peak of his literary career.●Vanity Fair5.It is Robert Browning who developed the literary form---.●Dramatic monologue戏剧独白20th century British Literature1__ had its outstanding advocate in Kipling, who with drum and trumpet, called upon England to “take up the Whiteman' s burden” by dominatingall “lesser breeds without the law."●lmperialism2.Those “novels of character and environment” by Thomas Hardy are the lost representative of him as both a---and a critical realist writer.●Naturalistic3. It took Galsworthy twenty- two years to accomplish the monumental work, his masterpiece---.●The Forsyte Saga福尔赛世家4. Lawrence finished---, the autobiographical novel at which he had been working off and on for years, which was positively taken as a typical example and lively manifestation of the “Oedipus Complex' 'in fiction.●Sons and Lovers5.---and--- are the most outstanding stream of consciousness novelist.●James Joyce, Virginia Woolf.6.--- is generally regarded as Virginia Woolf s most remarkable work.●To the LighthouseExercises on American Literature1.In the 17th century, the English settlements in---and---began the main stream of what we recognize as the American national history.●Virginia, Massachusetts2. Washington Irving' s____ became the first work by an American writer to win financial success on both sides of the Atlantic.●Sketch Book3.Cooper' s enduring fame rests on his frontier stories, especially the five novels that comprise the---.●Leatherstocking Tales4.____ was responsible for bringing Transcendentalism to New 1and---.●Ralph Waldo Emerson5. A superb book entitled---came out of Henry David Thoreau' s two-year experiment at Walden Pond.●Walden6.The book---is a tremendous chronicle of a whaling voyage in pursuit ofa seemingly supernatural white whale.●Moby DickBook two chapter one1. In his cluster of poems called Leaves of Grass, ---gave America its first genuine epic poem.●Walt Whitman2. As the founder of American Critical Realism, ---enjoys the fame as “Lincoln of American literature?●Mark Twain3.---was considered the founder of psychological realism in America.●Henry James4.The identification of potency (影响) with money is at the heart of Dreiser's greatest and most successful novel,---●An American TragedyThe 20th century1 Pound was the leader of a new movement in poetry which he called the---“Movement●Imagist2.The most significant American poem of the 20th century was---●The Waste Land3.---of the 1920s characterized by frivolity and carelessness is brought vividly to life in The Great Gatsby.●The Jaz Age4. Hemingway' s novel---painted the image of a whole generation, the Lost Generation.●The Sun Also Rises5.---wrote about the disintegration (瓦解) of the old social system in the American southern states, and the lives of modern people, both black and white.●William Faulkner三、True or False1. In 1066, Alexander the Great led the Norman army to invade England. It was called the Norman Conquest.●F (William the Conqueror)2. The Story of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is the culmination (顶点) of the romances about Charles the Great.●F(King Arthur and his knights)3. Robinson named Saturday to the saved victim.●F(Friday)4.“A Modest Proposal is made to Irish government to relieve the poverty of English people. F(Irish)5. It was Henry Fielding and Tobias Gorge Smollet who became the real founders of the genre of the bourgeois realistic novel in England and Europe.6. Of all the romantic poets of the 18th century, Blake is the most in dependent and the most original. T7. George Eliot produced the remarkable novels including Adam Bede, The Mill on the Floss and Silas Marner. (true)8.The Bronte sisters are Charlotte Bronte, Emily Bronte and Anne Bronte. (true)9. The Victorian Age was largely an age of prose, especially of the novel. (true)10 David Copperfield is Thackeray' s masterpiece. F(Dickens)11.The title of the novel Vanity Fair is taken from Bunyan' s Pilgrim' s progress. (true)12 In 1907, John Galsworthy received the Nobel Prize for “idealism inliterature. Kim is his long novel. F (Kipling)13. George Bernard Shaw was strongly against the credo of“ art for art' s sake14. The Importance of Being Earnest is written by Oscar Wilde. T15.Hester Prynne is the heroine in Nathaniel Hawthome' s novel The Scarlet Letter.16 In 1828, Noah Webster published his An American Dictionary of the English Language.17.5tirred by the teachings of transcendentalism, writers of Boston and nearby towns produced a New England literary renaissance. T18. The Fall of the House of Usher is one of Edgar Allan Poe' s poems. F(novels)19 Most of the poems in Leaves of Grass are about man and nature. T20 Emily Dickinson is a democratic poet. F(modernist)21.“The Cop and the Anthem” was written by Jack London. F (O Henry)22 While embracing the socialism of Marx, Jack London also believed in the triumph of the strongest individuals. This contradiction is most vividly projected in the patently autobiographical novel The Call of the Wild. F Martin Eden)23. Between the mid-19th and the first decade of the 20th century, there had been a big flush of new theories and new ideas in both social id natural sciences, as well in the field of art in Europe, which played anindispensable role in bringing about modernism and the modernistic writings in the United States. T24. The decade of the 1910s, American literature achieved a new diversity and reached its greatest heights. F(1920s)、。

英美文学常识

英美文学常识
Allusion典故:文学作品中作家希望读者能够认识或做出反应的一个人物、地或宗教。
American Naturalism美国自然主义:是一种新的、更具批判性的现实主义。是在战争和影响人们早期信念的社会动乱的影响之下形成的。美国的自然主义者往往否定了广为接受的道德真理的正确性,他们想达到极端的客观与直率,他们所展现的人物往往都是下层社会的人,他们的命运受到环境和遗传的制约。在反应生活方面,自然主义作家往往表现出早期浪漫主义中感伤主义特征,但和浪漫主义不同的是,自然主义者认为,世界缺乏道德,人不论男女都没有自由的意愿,他们的生活都受到遗传和环境的控制,人在生前过着
骑士文学盛行于西欧,反映了骑士阶层的生活理想。 骑士精神和道德是上层社会的贵族文化精神,它是以个人身份的优越感为基础的道德与人格精神,但它也积淀这西欧民族远古尚武精神的某些积极因素。
三联剧:在古希腊悲剧创作中,有一类悲剧均由三部分组成,每部分即能独立存在,各部之间又有紧密联系。这种剧合则为一,分则为三,代表作家为埃斯库罗斯。
“黑色幽默”:的小说家突出描写人物周围世界的荒谬和社会对个人的压迫,以一种无可奈何的嘲讽态度表现环境和个人(即“自我”)之间的互不协调,并把这种互不协调的现象加以放大,扭曲,变成畸形,使它们显得更加荒诞不经,滑稽可笑,同时又令人感到沉重和苦闷。作品《第二十二条军规》、《万有引力之虹》、《烟草经纪人》和《第五号屠场》等。
七星诗社:是16世纪中期法国的一个文学团体,是由七位人文主义诗人组成的文学团体。他们中以龙沙和杜贝莱最著名。七星诗社的诗人们从事过各种创作,他们的诗声望很高,但他们的主要贡献却是对于法语改革的主张。
狂飙突进运动:是18世纪德国文学界的运动,是文艺形式从古典主义向浪漫主义过渡时的阶段,也可以说是幼稚时期的浪漫主义。但其中心代表人物是歌德和席勒,歌德的《少年维特的烦恼》是其典型代表作品,表达的是人类内心感情的冲突和奋进精神。

英美文学常识

英美文学常识

16、William Wordsworth 威廉·华兹华斯 1770-1850 17 、 Samuel Taylor Coleridge 柯 勒 律 治 1772-1834 18 、 Walter Scott 瓦 尔 特·司各特 1771-1832
英国文学
1、Geoffrey Chaucer 杰佛 利·乔叟 1340-1400 2 、 William Shakespeare 莎士比亚 1564-1616 长诗:The House of Fame 声誉之堂;Troilus and Criseyde 特罗勒斯与克丽西德 小说:Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷故事集----英国文学史上现实主义第一部杰作 (他是最早有人文主义思想的作家,现实主义文学的奠基人) The Tempest 暴风风雨;The Two Gentlemen of Veronaz 维罗纳二绅士;The Mercy Wives of Windsor 温莎的风流妇人;Measure for Measure 恶有恶报;The Comedy of Errors 错中错;Much Ado about Nothing 无事自扰;Love’s Labour’s Lost 空爱一场;A Midsummer Night’s Dream 仲夏夜 之梦;The Merchant of Venice 威尼斯商人;As You Like It 如愿;The Taming of the Shrew 驯悍 记;All’s Well That Ends Well 皆大欢喜;Twelfth Night 第十二夜;The Winter’s Tale 冬天的故 事;The Life and Death of King John/Richard the Second/Henry the Fifth/Richard the Third 约

英美文学重点讲解

英美文学重点讲解
• Science has Sir Francis Bacon.
• (In fact, Bacon made few scientific discoveries of any real note.)
• dash-fish hand-send add-read
精品文档
• 4.假尾韵/倒押韵((Reverse Rhyme):两个或以
上的不同词的起首重读音节有形同的辅音和相同 的元音组成,但最后的辅音或后面的一个(yī ɡè)音节 不同: great/grazed student/studio with-will
精品文档
William Shakespeare
英语诗歌(shīgē)的音律与格律
• 语音音律(yīnlǜ)成分(prosodic feature):
重音、音长、停顿(stress、length、 pause) • 英诗格律meter/meature :抑扬格、扬 抑格、扬抑抑格、抑扬扬格
精品文档
英诗音步
• 其中①②③④⑤分别为五个音步,每个音 步中前一个音节(yīnjié)弱读,后一个重读。
精品文档
Sonnet
• A 14-line verse form usually having one of several conventional rhyme schemes.
• Rhyme: abab cdcd efef gg 3 quatrains(3 four-line stanza )隔句押韵的
曾盛行一时。 • 2. 莎士比亚体 • 三个四行诗(the quatrain)+一个英雄双行体(英雄偶
句)(the couplet) • 3.斯宾塞体(the Spenserian ): • 格律(gélǚ):五步抑扬 • 韵式:abab,bcbc,cdcd,ee

英美文学知识

英美文学知识

英国文学知识一、中古英国文学1.Beowulf : the oldest poem in the English language and the most importantspecimen of Anglo-Saxon literature.2.Geoffrey Chaucer: he is acclaimed as the father of English Poetry and father ofEnglish fiction. His masterpiece。

The Canterbury TalesThe Romaunt of the RoseThe Legend of good WomenThe House of Fame二、文艺复兴时期时间:14世纪到17世纪中后期特点:Humanism became the keynote of English Renaissance著名作家:1.Thomas More: Utopia2.Edmund Spenser (a poet):The Faerie QueenThe Shepherd Calendar3.Christopher Marlowe( a poet and dramatist):Edward IIDr. FaustusTamburlaineThe Jew of Malta4.William Shakespeare有四大悲剧:《哈姆雷特》(英:Hamlet)、《奥赛罗》(英:Othello)、《李尔王》(英:King Lear)、《麦克白》(英:Macbeth ————spanish tragedy ,Thomas Kyd四大喜剧::《仲夏夜之梦》、《威尼斯商人》、《第十二夜》、《皆大欢喜》(《As you like it》)主要历史剧:Henry IV, Henry V历史剧:《亨利四世》、《亨利五世》、《理查三世》。

正剧、悲剧:《罗密欧与朱丽叶》,悲喜剧(传奇剧)《暴风雨》、《辛白林》《冬天的故事》《佩里克勒斯》。

英美文学重点知识归纳

英美文学重点知识归纳

英美文学重点知识归纳1. 英美文学的定义英美文学是指英国和美国的文学作品,包括小说、诗歌、戏剧、散文等。

英美文学具有悠久的历史,涵盖了从古代文学到现代文学的各个时期和流派。

2. 英美文学的时期和流派2.1 古代英美文学古代英美文学包括早期安格鲁-撒克逊文学、中世纪文学和文艺复兴时期文学。

其中,早期安格鲁-撒克逊文学以史诗《贝奥武夫》为代表,中世纪文学以《坎特伯雷故事集》为代表,文艺复兴时期文学以莎士比亚的戏剧作品为代表。

2.2 浪漫主义文学浪漫主义是英美文学的一个重要流派,包括诗人拜伦、雪莱和济慈等人的作品。

浪漫主义文学强调个体的感情和想象力,关注自然、爱情、自由等主题。

2.3 现实主义文学现实主义是英美文学的另一个重要流派,出现于19世纪后期。

代表作家包括狄更斯、托尔斯泰和马克·吐温等人。

现实主义文学揭示社会问题,关注人性的复杂性和社会的不公平。

2.4 现代主义文学现代主义是20世纪英美文学的主要流派,代表作家有弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫、塞缪尔·贝克特和詹姆斯·乔伊斯。

现代主义文学对传统的文学形式进行了颠覆和重塑,追求形式上的创新和思想上的深度。

3. 英美文学的重要作家和作品3.1 威廉·莎士比亚(William Shakespeare)威廉·莎士比亚是英国文学史上最伟大的戏剧家和诗人之一。

他的代表作品包括《哈姆雷特》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》和《麦克白》等。

3.2 简·奥斯汀(Jane Austen)简·奥斯汀是19世纪英国小说家,被誉为英国小说的经典作家。

她的代表作包括《傲慢与偏见》、《理智与情感》和《艾玛》等。

3.3 弗朗西斯·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德(F. Scott Fitzgerald)弗朗西斯·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德是20世纪美国作家,代表作品有《了不起的盖茨比》。

他被认为是美国“爵士时代”的象征之一。

中英对照英美文学知识大全

中英对照英美文学知识大全
悲剧
Hamlet, King Lear, Othello, Macbeth
喜剧
A Midsummer Night’s Dream;The Merchant of Venice;As You Like It《皆大欢喜》;Twelfth Night
历史剧
Henry VI, Henry IV, Richard III
传奇剧
Pericles《泰尔亲王配力克里斯》;Cymbeline《辛白林》;The Winter’s Tale;Tempest《暴风雨》
8. Ben Jonson (本•琼森)
comedy of manners (风俗喜剧的奠基人);
Every Man In His Humor《人性互异》
9. John Donne (约翰•多恩)
7. Richard Steel & Joseph Addison
(理查德•斯蒂尔 & 约瑟夫•艾迪生)
The Tatler《闲谈者》;The Spectator《旁观者》
8. William Blake (威廉•布莱克)
Songs of Innocence;Songs of Experience
9. Robert Burns (罗伯特•彭斯)
A Red, Red Rose;Auld Lang Syne《昔日好时光》
10. Samuel Johnson (塞缪尔•约翰逊)
A Dictionary of the English Language《英语辞典》;
A Letter to Lord Chesterfield《致切斯特菲尔德爵爷书》
被誉为文人脱离贵族提携和保护的宣言书;
The Lives of the Poets《诗人传》

(精品)英美文学复习资料(全)

(精品)英美文学复习资料(全)

文学体裁:诗歌poem,小说novel,戏剧dramaOrigin起源:Christianity 基督教→ bible 圣经Myth 神话The Romance of king Arthur and his knights 亚瑟王和他的骑士(笔记)一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066)1、这个时期的文学作品分类:pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒)2、代表作:The Song of Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》( national epic 民族史诗) 采用了隐喻手法3、Alliteration 押头韵(写作手法)例子:of man was the mildest and most beloved,To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise.二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350)Canto 诗章1、romance 传奇文学2、代表作:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (高文爵士和绿衣骑士) 是一首押头韵的长诗三、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 杰弗里.乔叟时期1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父2、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体:a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格)3、代表作:the Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷的故事(英国文学史的开端)大致内容:the pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups.朝圣者都是来自英国的各地的人,代表着社会的各个不同阶层和社会团体小说特点:each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character.这些叙述者以自己特色的方式讲述自己的故事,无形中表明了各自的观点,展示了各自的性格。

英美文学流派与作家知识点整理

英美文学流派与作家知识点整理

英美文学流派与作家知识点整理英美文学源远流长,在其发展历程中涌现出了众多的文学流派和杰出作家,这些流派和作家的作品不仅反映了当时的社会、文化和历史背景,也展现了人类思想和情感的丰富多样性。

以下是对一些重要的英美文学流派与作家的知识点整理。

一、浪漫主义文学浪漫主义文学兴起于 18 世纪末至 19 世纪初,强调个人情感、想象力和自然的重要性。

(一)英国浪漫主义作家1、威廉·华兹华斯(William Wordsworth)他是英国浪漫主义诗歌的先驱之一,其作品强调对自然的热爱和对普通人生活的关注。

代表作有《抒情歌谣集》(Lyrical Ballads)。

2、塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治(Samuel Taylor Coleridge)他的诗作充满奇幻的想象和神秘的元素,《古舟子咏》(The Rime of the Ancient Mariner)是其经典之作。

3、乔治·戈登·拜伦(George Gordon Byron)拜伦以其奔放的激情和叛逆的精神著称,作品有《唐璜》(Don Juan)等。

4、珀西·比希·雪莱(Percy Bysshe Shelley)雪莱的诗歌富有理想主义和革命精神,《西风颂》(Ode to theWest Wind)广为流传。

(二)美国浪漫主义作家1、华盛顿·欧文(Washington Irving)他的作品具有浓厚的地方色彩和幽默风格,《瑞普·凡·温克尔》(Rip Van Winkle)是其代表作。

2、詹姆斯·费尼莫·库珀(James Fenimore Cooper)以描写边疆生活和印第安人而闻名,《皮袜子故事集》(The Leatherstocking Tales)是其重要作品。

二、现实主义文学现实主义文学在 19 世纪中叶兴起,注重真实地反映社会现实和生活。

(一)英国现实主义作家1、查尔斯·狄更斯(Charles Dickens)狄更斯的作品生动描绘了英国社会底层人民的生活,如《雾都孤儿》(Oliver Twist)、《大卫·科波菲尔》(David Copperfield)。

英美文学选读要点整理

英美文学选读要点整理

英美文学选读要点整理英美文学是指主要产生于英国和美国的文学作品。

这些作品普遍被认为是世界文学史上的经典之作,它们不仅反映了当时人们的思想、风俗和历史背景,而且对后世的文学创作和思想影响深远。

本文将对英美文学的一些经典作品和代表人物展开介绍,以便读者了解基本要点。

一、莎士比亚戏剧威廉·莎士比亚是英国文学中最伟大的戏剧家之一,他的戏剧作品为后世文学创作和人类思想发展做出了重要贡献。

《哈姆雷特》、《麦克白》、《李尔王》、《奥赛罗》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》等都是经典之作,其传世的主题和人物追求真理、权力、爱情、自由等,至今仍然在全球范围内广为演出和阅读。

二、乔治·爱留信的小说乔治·爱留信是19世纪英国小说的代表人物之一,她的作品关注现实、自由与平等等问题,无论在文学、政治、社会观点上均有着极高的分量。

《简爱》、《呼啸山庄》、《租户人生》等作品都曾引发社会议题的讨论,一些作品甚至被认为标志着英国小说的“新浪潮”。

三、查尔斯·狄更斯的小说查尔斯·狄更斯是19世纪英国最著名的小说家之一,他的作品关注社会中下层人民的生活、权利和不公平,以及对社会的批判。

他的作品被认为是英国小说的巅峰之一,如《呼啸山庄》、《人间喜剧》等均建立了极高的声誉。

四、海明威的小说海明威是20世纪美国最著名的小说家之一,他的作品具有天才的文学技巧和特立独行的风格。

《老人与海》、《太阳也辉煌》、《对一个没有人问津的人说话》等作品,都标志着他的文学成就。

他的作品关注人物的生命意义,对现代文化产生了深远的影响。

五、弗兰纳·奥康纳的短篇小说弗兰纳·奥康纳是20世纪美国南方最著名的小说家之一,她的短篇小说关注信仰、教育和人的本性等问题。

她的作品以强烈的宗教信仰和犀利的文学抨击而著名,如《下海湾》、《一朵草地》、《歌者猝死》等作品,刻画出各种虚伪、愚昧和堕落的形象。

英美文学知识点

英美文学知识点

Part I The Anglo-Saxon Period盎格鲁—撒克逊时期(449-1066)●History●The literature●The Song of Beowulf●Literary terms●SummaryHistory of the periodAngles Albion(Britain) (盎格鲁人) conqueredSaxons Teutonic tribes aboriginal Celtic(撒克逊人) (条顿人/ exterminated (土著凯尔特人)Jutes 日耳曼人)(朱特人)name: Albion Angle-land (later shortened into England)language: Anglo-Saxon / Saxon●The Anglo-Saxon period witnessed a transition from tribal society to feudalism.Literature●The literature of the Anglo-Saxon period falls naturally into two divisions: pagan and Christian: the pagan represented by Beowulf and the religious poetry represented by the works of Caedmon and Cynewulf.The Song of Beowulf●Read the Story of“Beowulf” (贝奥武甫) on P3-6 to make a clear idea about the characters in the story.Beowulf --- the hero of the storyHygelac --- Beowulf's Uncle, king of the Geats, a people in Jutland, Denmark.Hrothgar ---King of the Danes, is in great troubleGrendel --- a terrible monsterGrendel’s MotherThe Story●Beowulf, the story of the poem, is not about England, but about Hrothgar, the King of the Danes, and about a brave young man, Beowulf, from southern Sweden, who goes to help the King. Hrothger is in trouble. His great hall, called Heorot, is visited at night by a terrible creature, Grendel, which lives in a lake and comes to kill and eat Hrothgar‘s men. One night, Beowulf waits secretly for this thing, attacks it, and in a fierce fight pulls its arm off. It manages to reach the lake again, but dies there. Then its mother comes to the hall in search of revenge, and the attacks begin again. Beowulf follows her to the bottom of the lake and kills her there. It is there, too that he finds the dead body of Grendel. He cuts off the heads of the two monsters and brings the two hairy heads as trophies back to the Danish hall. The triumph is celebrated in feasting and song.●Then Beowulf goes home and becomes the king and reigns over his people for 50 years. Then he has to defend his country against a fire-breathing creature (fire dragon). He kills the animal but is badly wounded in the fight, and dies. The poem ends with a sorrowful description of Beowulf‘s funeral fire.●The epic represents the spirit of pagan.The Song of Beowulf●Main incidents of the poem:●Beowulf‘s fight with the monster Grendel in Hrothgar‘s hall.●Beowulf‘s slaying of Grendel‘s mother in her lair.●Beowulf‘s return in glory to his uncle, and his succession to the throne.●Beowulf‘s victory in death, fifty years la ter, over the fire dragon.Features of Beowulf●The use of alliteration is one of its most striking features. (The repetition of the same consonant sounds at the beginning of words in stressed syllables.)●―Thus made their mourning the men of Geatland,For their hero‘s passing, his hearth-companionsQuoth that of all the kings of earth,Of men he was the mildest and most beloved,to his kin the kindest, keenest to praise.‖ (from Beowulf)●The use of compound-words to serve as metaphors:●hearth-companion—his attendant warriors●Not troublesome—very welcome●need not praise—a right to condemn●treasure keepers—the chieftains●the bone-house—human-body●wonder-wielder—God●soul-destroyer—monster●The use of understatements or euphemism.The use of understatements gives an impression of reserve, and at times, a tinge of ironical humor. This quality is often regarded as a permanent characteristic of English.The significance of Beowulf●The longest & finest of extant 现存的old English poems, the national epic of the English people.●Presents us a vivid picture of the life of Anglo-Saxon people, highly praises the brave and courageous spirit of the fighting against the elemental forces.●Gives the vivid portrayal of a great national hero, strong and courageous people and his kinfolk.Character Analysis●Beowulf sings of the exciting adventures of a great legendary hero whose physical strength demonstrates his high spiritual qualities, his resolution to serve his country & kinsfolk, his true courage, courteous conduct, and his love of honor.Theme●This poem shows how the primitive people fight against the forces of the natural world under a wise & mighty leader.●Goodness triumphs over evil. (Beowulf represents goodness for he fights for the people and kingdoms. Grendel and the dragon symbolize evil.)Literary terms●Epic(史诗):•An epic is a long narrative poem in a formal and elevated style about the achievements ofa central hero who usually embodies national ideals.•Alliteration (头韵)Summary●What are the main characteristics of Anglo-Saxon literature?●It is almost a verse literature in oral form. It could be passed down by word of mouth (口头地) from generation to generation.●There are two groups of English poetry in Anglo-Saxon period. The first group was the pagan poetry represented by Beowulf. The second group was the religious poetry represented by the works of Caedmon and Cynewulf.Part II The Anglo-Norman Period盎格鲁—诺曼底时期(1066-1350)●Historical background●The literature●Sir Gawain and the Green Knight●Literary terms●SummaryHistorical background●Norman Conquest:●The French-speaking Normans under Duke William came in 1066. After defeating the English at Hastings, William was crowned as King of England. It was called the Norman Conquest.●William the Conqueror ruled England with a high hand. Through many means, he pushed England well on its way to feudalism.●The Norman Conquest marks the establishment of feudalism in England.The Literature—Romance and Ballad●The prevailing form of literature in the feudal England was the Romance. (传奇) Romance: It was a longcomposition, sometimesin verse, sometimes inprose, describing the lifeand adventures of anoble hero. (term)●传奇故事起初是用诗体写的,后来也有散文的。

最全却最简洁最重点的英美文学考试重点

最全却最简洁最重点的英美文学考试重点

一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066)1、这个时期的文学作品分类:pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒)2、代表作:The Song of Beowulf (national epic民族史诗)metaphor alliteration。

3、Angles, Saxons and Jutes.二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350)1、The Roman Conquest: In 1066, the Duke of Normandy William led the Norman army to invade England. The result of this war was William became the king of England. After the conquest, feudal system was established in English society. Chivalry was introduced by the Normans into England. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight头韵2、传奇ramances:描写骑士的冒险精神和典雅爱情文学。

seek adventures , fighting for his lord in battle,humility,honor,sacrifice,brave,honesty,love with women三、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400)(反封建、反教会、追求个性自由)1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父2、purely English(the London dialect伦敦方言)3、heroic couplet英雄双韵体4、Writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity.5、代表作:The Canterbury Tales (英国文学史的开端)内容:The pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups.特点:Each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character. The story was endowed with what medieval romancelacked-interest of character as well as incident.观点:He believes in the right of man to earthly happiness. He is anxious to see man freed from superstitions and a blind belief in fate.主要故事: ①The Knight’s Tale ②The Pardoner’s Tale ③The Merchant’s Tale④The Wife of Bath四、The Renaissance (16世纪)1、背景:14-17century,a period of the breaking of feudal relations and the establishing the foundations of capitalism. New monarchy. It is a revival of classical arts and sciences.2、主要文学成就:Poetry: Wyatt: first to introduce the sonnet into English literature.Sidney Spenser: the poet’s poet.Drama: Marlowe: blank verse(无韵诗) the principal vehicle of expression in drama. . William Shakespeare(1564-1616)Novels:John Lyly Thomas Loge Thomas NasheEssays /prose: Francis Bacon(1561-1626)、Thomas More(1478-1535)3 works of shakespeare:37palys ,tow narrative poems and 154sonnetsFirst period (1590-1600):comdies: <As You Like It>皆大欢喜; <Twelfth Night>第十二夜; <A Midsummer Night’S Dream>仲夏夜之梦; <Merchant Of Venice>威尼斯商人Second period(1601—1608):tragedies<Hamlet>哈姆莱特; <Othello>奥赛罗; <King Lear>李尔王; <Macbeth>麦克白Third period(1609—1612)historiesLyric poem:Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefggSonnet 18:Theme:The poet writes beautifully on the conventional theme that his poetry will bring eternity to the one he loves and eulogizes.Sonnet 29:Theme:①The poet complains of his own miseries and dissatisfaction in life and then becomes happy upon the thought of the one he loves. ②Here Shakespeare is supposed to reveal his own thoughts and feelings, especially in the first octet.The character of Hamlet:①Hamlet was a humanist, a man who is from medieval prejudices and superstitions.②Starting from his humanist love of man, he turns to those around him with the same eagerness.③His intellectual genius is outstanding.④Hamlet’s melancholy is not the negative, hair-splitting and fruitless kind. It is rather the result of his penetrating habit of mind.五、The Period of Revolution and Restoration (17C)1、文学特点concerned with the tremendous social upheavals, influence by puritan. 光荣革命意义the supremacy of parliament, beginning of modern England,final triumph of the political liberty2、代表人物:①John Donne“metaphysical poets玄学A. Metaphysical poetry is characterized by: verbal wit, irregular rhythms, ingenious structure and strange images or “conceits奇喻”.a kind of metaphor that makes a comparison between two different things.B. A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning意象:compasses、golden beaten(金箔)union of body and soul,physically and spiritually②John MiltonThe indomitable Puritan sprit finds its noblest expression in him.诗歌:Paradise Lost失乐园freedom knowledge oppose to monarchy Paradise Regained复乐园戏剧:Samson Agonistes力士参孙Shorter poems: L‘Allegro Il Penseroso ;Lycidas ComusPrincipal pamphlets: Areopagitica: attacks the censorship of the press and appeals for the freedom of the pressEikonoklaste: justifies the execution of Charles IDefense for the English People: a defense of the Commonwealth and Revolution Sonnet: On His Deceased Wife(唯一的爱情诗) On His Blindness③John Bunyan(1628-1688)班扬:The Pilgrim’s Progress④John Dryden(1631-1700):critic、poet、playwright六、The Age of Enlightenment (18世纪)1、文学特点:The main literary stream of the 18th century was realism. The 18th century was an age of prose. Novel writing made a big advance in this century. In thisstage,staire was much used in writing.2. classicism(neoclassicism), (pre-romanticism), (modern novel and sentimentalism)3.emphsis on reason,order ,balance and harmony.4、文学名人及作品:①classicism/neoclassicism Richard Steele:The Spectator Addison Pope johnson②pre-romanticismWilliam Blake:Song of Innocence. London、The Tiger、The Chimney Sweeper均节选自Song of Experience经验之歌Poetical Sketches 诗的素描The Book of Thel 塞尔书The Marriage of Heaven and HellRobert Burns(1759-1796):用苏格兰方言书写, ,著有Poems Chiefly in Scottish Dialect苏格兰方言诗集 <A Red, Red Rose> My Heart’s in the n Highlands> <The Tree Of Liberty>③modern novelA. realistic novelDaniel Defoe、Henry Fielding、Jonathan SwiftB. sentimentalismLaurence Sterne: Sentimental Journey Tristram ShandyThomas Gray :Elegy, Written in a Country Churchyard墓园挽歌5、Daniel Defoe①英国小说之父②Robinson Crusoe全名:The life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson CrusoeThe writers of the Enlightenment attached great importance to the molding of character and to education through the influence of varied environment.The character of Robinson Crusoe is representative of the English bourgeoisie at the earlier stages of its development. He is most practical and exact, always religious and at the same time mindful of his own profit.③Captain Singleton Colonel Jack Moll Flanders A Journal of the Plague Year Roxana6、Henry Fielding: comic Epic 喜剧史诗The History of Tom Jones, a foundling主要人物:Tom Jones: frank, kind, disinterested, sterlingSophia Western: brave and admirableBlifil: sly, perfidiousJoseph Andrews the journal of a Voyage to Lisbon Amelia7、Jonathan Swift(irony反讽)A Tale of a Tub 桶The battle of the Books 书之战The Drapier’s Letter 信A Modest Proposal建议Gulliver’s Travels格列佛四部分A Voyage to Lilliput/ Brobdingnag/ Laputa/ Houyhnhnms七、1.The romantic period(1798-1832):beginning of with the publication of Wordsworth’s Lyrical Ballads,ending with Walter Scott’s death.2.Theme:sensibllity,love of nature,interest of past,mysticism,individualism,exoticpicture,strong-willed heroes,sometimes the romantics resort to symbolism.And symbols are objects used to represent abstract ideas and concepts.3.emphaize on emotion4.historical backgrounds:It was greatly influenced by the industrial revolution and the french revolution.5.romantuc writersThe first generation romantic writersBurns Blake----------pre-romantisWordsworth Coleridge--------negtiveThe second generation romantic writersByron Shelley and Keats-----active romanticsHistorical novelist-----Walter Scott6.WordsworthA..style:simplicity and purity of language and love of natureB.poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings.①<Lyrical Ballads>抒情歌谣集(with Samuel Taylor Coleridge)<I Wondered Lonely As A Cloud> / Daffodils/ The DaffodilsTheme: 1. Nature embodies human beings in their diverse circumstance. It is nature that gives him “strength and knowledge full of peace”2. It is bliss to recall the beauty of nature in poet mind while he is in solitude.Comment: The poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights. In the poem on the beauty of nature, the reader is presented a vivid picture of lively and lovely daffodils(水仙) and poet’s philosophical ideas and mystical thoughts.②Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey丁登寺杂咏③Ode: Intimations of Immortality 不朽颂④The Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦女⑤Lucy Poems 露西⑥<The Prelude>序曲The Rime of the Ancient Mariner 老水手之歌The Excursion 漫游7.Lord ByronA.Byron’s language is moody and vicid,and he covers vast ares,both geographically and moyionally.B.Byronic hero:dark romancesC.works①<Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage>恰尔德•哈罗德尔游记②<Don Juan>唐•璜③<Cain>该隐诗歌:<She Walks In Beauty>8.ShelleyA.the mask of anarchy 暴政的化的装游行B.the finest lyric poets in the English languageC.works<The Necessity of Atheism>无神论的必要性<Queen Mab>麦布女王<Revolt of Islam>伊斯兰的反叛<Prometheus Unbound>解放了的普罗米修斯Theme: the drama celebraies man’s victory over tyranny and oppression <The Cenci>钦契 <A Defence of Poetry>诗辩<Ode to the West Wind>西风颂To a Skylark>致云雀9.ScottA. a historical novelistB.worksIvanhoe 艾凡赫waverly 威弗利the lady of the lake 湖畔湖人Rob Roy罗布.罗衣10.Jane Austen作品:① <Sense and Sensibility>理智与感情②<Pride and Prejudic> 傲慢与偏见③<Mansfield Park>曼斯菲尔德庄园④<Emma>爱玛⑤<Persuasion>劝导⑥<Northanger Abbey>诺桑觉寺。

英美文学重点知识归纳

英美文学重点知识归纳

英美文学重点知识归纳一、英美文学的概念和特点英美文学是指英国和美国的文学作品,包括小说、诗歌、剧本等。

它具有以下几个特点:1.多元化:英美文学以其丰富多样的风格和流派而闻名。

从古典主义到浪漫主义,从现代主义到后现代主义,英美文学不断演变和发展,展示了人类思想和情感的多样性。

2.自由和开放性:英美文学强调个体的自由和独立思考,在作品中反映了社会、政治和文化的变革。

自由主义和个人主义的精神贯穿在英美文学的历史中。

3.注重个人感受和情感表达:英美文学注重个人感受和情感表达,通过描写人物内心的矛盾和困惑,展示了人性的复杂和多样性。

二、英美文学的重要时期和代表作品1. 文艺复兴时期(16世纪)文艺复兴时期是英美文学的重要里程碑,代表作品有:•威廉·莎士比亚的剧作《哈姆雷特》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》等,深刻地反映了人性的复杂性和命运的无常。

•约翰·米尔顿的史诗《失乐园》,通过对上帝、撒旦和亚当夏娃的描写,揭示了人类的原罪和思想的自由。

2. 浪漫主义时期(18世纪末至19世纪初)浪漫主义时期是英美文学的重要发展阶段,代表作品有:•威廉·华兹华斯的诗集《抒情诗选集》,强调对自然和个人感受的表达,展现了对自由和灵魂的渴望。

•简·奥斯汀的小说《傲慢与偏见》,通过对社会等级和女性地位的描写,呈现了封建社会的弊端。

3. 现代主义时期(20世纪初至中期)现代主义时期是英美文学的革命性时期,代表作品有:•弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的小说《至灵之泉》,以流动的意识流体式叙述,探索了心灵的迷茫和现代社会的困惑。

•T·S·艾略特的诗集《荒原》,通过对现代社会的批判和对个体灵魂的探索,反映了人类在现代社会中的孤独和迷失。

三、英美文学的重要作家和代表作1. 威廉·莎士比亚(1564-1616)威廉·莎士比亚是英国文学史上最伟大的剧作家之一,代表作品有:•《哈姆雷特》:探讨了人性的矛盾和命运的无常,是世界戏剧史上最重要的作品之一。

英美文学常识

英美文学常识

外国文学一、填空1、《荷马史诗》是由战神导演的《伊利昂记》和有命运之神导演的《奥德修记》。

2、《神曲》:原名《喜剧》,后来的版本以《神圣的喜剧》为名,中译本为《神曲》。

中世纪特有的幻想文学艺术形式——继《荷马史诗》之后第二个文学历史里程碑。

《神曲》分为《地狱》、《炼狱》、《天堂》三部分,每部33歌,加上序曲共100歌。

作品这种这种结构来自“三位一体”的神学概念。

3、公元前12世纪至公元前8世纪,史称“荷马时代”或者“英雄时代” 。

主要成就:神话和史诗。

*4、公元前8世纪至公元前6世纪(确切时代):史称“大移民时代”。

主要成就:抒情诗、寓言。

*5、公元前6世纪至公元前4世纪,史称“古典时期”,主要成就:戏剧、散文和文艺理论。

*6、公元前4世纪至公元前2世纪中叶,史称“希腊化”时期。

主要体裁:新喜剧、田园诗、拟剧、史诗、激论。

7、莎士比亚四大悲剧:《哈姆莱特》、《奥赛罗》、《李尔王》、《麦克白》。

8、《变形记》是奥维德的代表作,是一本神话诗集,有“神话辞典”之称。

9、赫西俄德的《工作与时日》是一部教诲诗。

802行,是古希腊流传下来的第一首以现实主义为题材的创作。

10、萨福被柏拉图称为“第十位文艺女神”。

11、品达是合唱抒情诗的代表,有“白天鹅”的称号。

12、“历史之父”是希罗多德,他著有《希腊波斯战争史》。

13、柏拉图:“客观唯心主义的始祖”,提出文艺必须服务于政治。

著作:《理想国》《斐德若》《会饮》《法律》14、亚里斯多德:《论工具》,奠定了形式逻辑的基础,欧洲第一部逻辑学。

《诗学》意即《论诗的艺术》,欧洲美学史上第一篇极端重要的文献。

15、米南德:古希腊最著名的新喜剧作家,作有105部喜剧。

重视人物性格,结构紧凑,语言口语化《恨世者》《萨摩斯女子》《公断》16、田园诗又称“牧歌”,忒俄克里托斯是田园诗之父。

17、古希腊神话是欧洲最早的文学形式。

18、《伊利亚特》中的阿喀琉斯:亚里斯多德称他是“希腊悲剧英雄的先驱”黑格尔热情洋溢的称《荷马史诗》创造了西方文学史上的第一个真正的人——在西方文学史上第一个阿喀琉斯。

英美文学知识点识记中文版

英美文学知识点识记中文版

英国文学第一章,早期英国文学和中世纪英国文学1 我们所说的英格兰是一个岛屿,早期的居民是大不列颠人,他们是凯尔特Celts的一个部落。

公元前55年,罗马征服者裘力斯.凯撒Julius Caesar侵入英国,直到公元78年完全征服英国。

在罗马军队撤出后,成群的海盗侵入大不列颠,他们是北欧的三个部族,盎格鲁人,撒克逊人和朱特人,分别建成一些小国家,到公元7世纪,这些小王国合并成了一个联合王国成为英格兰或者盎格鲁王国,这3个部族形成了一个英国民族,其中盎格鲁人最多。

他们所说的三种方言自然发展形成了一种统一的语言成为盎格鲁.撒克逊语,或古英语。

盎格鲁撒克逊时期见证了英国从部落社会向封建制度的转变。

盎格鲁撒克逊人是异教徒,他们相信古老的北欧神话,在公元七世纪时被基督教同化,2 《贝奥武夫》BeowulfBeowulf是一个传说它主要的故事明显是北部原始部落的民间传说。

Beowulf是一个伟大的英雄,尽管这首诗写于10世纪,其英雄主要还是大陆原始部落社会的产物。

恩格斯指出,它反映了古代时期部落社会的特点。

在形式上最突出的特点是头韵的运用。

其他的特点是隐喻和保守陈述的使用。

3 大约在787年,一伙丹麦海盗侵入英国阿尔弗德雷王King Alfred The great 成功用武力把他们驱逐了出去,然而在他死后,丹麦人在1013年占领了这个国家,并统治了30年,威廉公爵领导下的诺曼人讲法语,他们于1066年来到英国,他们残酷地镇压了起义,用武力完成了征服,即诺曼底征服。

诺曼底征服标志着封建主义在英国的建立。

4 威廉.朗兰William Langland中世纪的文学领域几乎是一片空白,但确实有一片作品表明当时英语流行文学的存在,即《耕者皮休斯》Piers the Plowman 这首诗描写了一系列的梦境,通过这些梦境我们可以看到一幅封建英国的图景。

Piers the Plowman是英国最伟大的诗篇之一,他以梦幻的形式被书写出来,这是中世纪文学一个常见的方法,这首诗也是一篇寓言,利用了象征的手法讲述真理,5 罗宾汉的民谣收集在《罗宾汉传奇》的集子中,描述了英雄的整个生活。

英美文学知识点总结中文

英美文学知识点总结中文

英美文学知识点总结中文在英美文学中,有许多重要的知识点值得我们学习和了解。

以下将总结一些重要的知识点,帮助我们更好地理解和欣赏英美文学的精髓。

**一、文学流派与时代**:1. 古典主义文学:古希腊罗马时期为主要影响力,强调文学作品的规范和纯净,代表作品包括约翰·米尔顿的《失乐园》。

2. 文艺复兴文学:以人文主义思想为主要影响力,追求人性的完美和思想的启蒙,代表作品包括莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》。

3. 浪漫主义文学:强调个人情感和想象力,对自然和生活充满热情和梦幻,代表作品包括华盛顿·欧文的《伊凡霍》。

4. 现实主义文学:强调真实生活和社会问题的揭示,代表作品包括查尔斯·狄更斯的《雾都孤儿》。

5. 自然主义文学:强调环境和遗传对人的影响,以客观的观察和描写为特点,代表作品包括艾米莉·布朗特的《呼啸山庄》。

**二、主要作家与作品**:1. 莎士比亚(1564-1616):英国文学史上最伟大的戏剧家,代表作品包括《哈姆雷特》、《麦克白》等。

2. 约翰·米尔顿(1608-1674):英国古典主义诗人,代表作品为《失乐园》。

3. 卢瑟福·特瑞斯(1784-1859):美国浪漫主义诗人,代表作品包括《稻草人》、《被偷窃的桃子》等。

4. 查尔斯·狄更斯(1812-1870):英国现实主义小说家,代表作品包括《雾都孤儿》、《大卫·科波菲尔》等。

5. 艾米莉·布朗特(1818-1848):英国自然主义小说家,代表作品为《呼啸山庄》。

**三、重要作品与分析**:1. 《哈姆雷特》:是莎士比亚创作的悲剧戏剧,以丰富的内心独白和对人生意义的探索而著称。

2. 《失乐园》:是约翰·米尔顿的史诗作品,以亚当和夏娃的堕落为中心,探讨了宗教、自由与命运等人性议题。

3. 《稻草人》:是卢瑟福·特瑞斯的代表诗歌之一,以对自然界的赞美和对工业革命的反思为主题。

英美文学复习资料

英美文学复习资料

英美文学复习资料英美文学复习资料英美文学是世界文学史上的重要组成部分,包含了许多经典的文学作品和作家。

通过复习英美文学,我们可以更好地了解西方文化和思想,同时也能够提升自己的语言表达能力和文学素养。

本文将为大家提供一些英美文学复习资料,希望对大家的学习有所帮助。

一、英国文学1. 莎士比亚的四大悲剧:《哈姆雷特》、《奥赛罗》、《李尔王》和《麦克白》。

这些作品被誉为世界文学的瑰宝,展现了莎士比亚独特的戏剧才华和对人性的深刻洞察。

2. 简·奥斯汀的小说:《傲慢与偏见》、《理智与情感》等。

奥斯汀以细腻的笔触和幽默的描写,刻画了当时英国社会的风貌和女性的处境,成为英国文学的代表作家之一。

3. 查尔斯·狄更斯的小说:《雾都孤儿》、《双城记》等。

狄更斯以其对社会问题的关注和对人性的揭示而闻名,他的作品揭示了当时英国社会的黑暗面,对社会改革产生了深远影响。

4. 弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的小说:《达洛维夫人》、《到灯塔去》等。

伍尔夫以其独特的意识流写作风格和对女性问题的关注,开创了现代主义小说的新篇章。

二、美国文学1. 马克·吐温的小说:《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》、《汤姆·索亚历险记》等。

吐温以其幽默风趣和对美国社会的讽刺洞察而受到广泛赞誉,他的作品展现了美国南方的风土人情和对奴隶制度的批判。

2. 埃米莉·迪金森的诗歌:迪金森的诗歌充满了哲思和深度,她以其独特的写作风格和对生死、爱情等主题的探索而成为美国文学的重要代表。

3. 威廉·福克纳的小说:《喧哗与骚动》、《押沙龙,押沙龙!》等。

福克纳以其复杂的叙事结构和对南方社会的描绘而被誉为美国文学的巨匠,他的作品展现了南方社会的衰落和黑暗。

4. 托尼·莫里森的小说:《亲爱的》、《宠儿》等。

莫里森以其对种族、性别和身份问题的关注而成为美国文学的重要代表,她的作品揭示了美国社会的不公和歧视。

三、阅读技巧和复习建议1. 阅读经典作品时,要注重对文本细节的理解和分析。

考研英美文学基础知识

考研英美文学基础知识

考研英美文学基础知识引言:英美文学是世界文学史上的重要组成部分,其源远流长,涵盖了丰富多样的文学作品和文化背景。

本文将从英美文学的起源和发展、代表作品以及对现代文学的影响等方面,介绍考研英美文学基础知识。

一、英美文学的起源和发展英美文学的起源可以追溯到古代英国和美洲原住民的口头传统。

英国的文学起步于古代民歌和英雄史诗,如《贝奥武夫》和《坎特伯雷故事集》。

而美洲原住民则通过口头传统将自己的文化和历史记录下来。

中世纪时期,英国文学开始出现骑士传奇和中世纪浪漫诗歌。

著名的作品有《亚瑟王传奇》和《诺曼征服者之歌》。

文艺复兴时期,英国文学迎来了巨大的发展,莎士比亚的作品成为了世界文学的瑰宝,如《哈姆雷特》和《罗密欧与朱丽叶》。

18世纪,英国文学迎来了启蒙运动,代表作家有弥尔顿和斯威夫特等。

19世纪则是英美文学的黄金时期,浪漫主义、现实主义和自然主义等文学流派相继兴起。

英国的浪漫主义代表作家有拜伦、雪莱和济慈,而美国的文学巨匠爱默生、霍桑和梭罗等也在这一时期崭露头角。

20世纪以后,英美文学进入了现代主义和后现代主义的阶段。

代表作家如乔伊斯、弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫和托马斯·品钦等,他们的作品对文学史产生了深远的影响。

二、英美文学的代表作品英美文学涵盖了众多经典的代表作品,这些作品不仅具有文学价值,更代表了不同历史时期和文化背景下的思想和情感。

英国文学的代表作品包括莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》和《罗密欧与朱丽叶》,查尔斯·狄更斯的《雾都孤儿》,简·奥斯汀的《傲慢与偏见》,以及乔治·奥威尔的《1984》等。

美国文学的代表作品则有马克·吐温的《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》,弗朗西斯·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德的《了不起的盖茨比》,赫尔曼·梅尔维尔的《白鲸》,以及杰克·凯鲁亚克的《在路上》等。

这些作品通过不同的文学形式和风格,反映了当时社会的价值观和人类的内心世界,对后世的文学创作产生了深远的影响。

英美文学 知识点总结

英美文学 知识点总结

英美文学知识点总结英美文学是指在英国和美国国家领土内产生的文学作品,包括英国文学与美国文学。

英美文学史是人类文明史的一个重要组成部分,包括从古典到现代的文学作品,涵盖了从莎士比亚到奥斯卡·王尔德等众多作家的作品。

英美文学的知识点众多,具有深刻的历史、文化和社会背景,下面将总结英美文学知识点,帮助读者更好地了解和学习英美文学。

1. 英国文学的起源和发展英国文学的起源可追溯至中世纪,早期的英国文学作品包括《贝奥歌》、《坎特伯雷故事集》等。

而随着文艺复兴的到来,英国文学迎来了新的发展时期,莎士比亚、斯宾塞等众多作家的作品为英国文学的繁荣与发展奠定了基础。

18世纪的启蒙运动影响了英国文学的发展方向,霍华德、斯威夫特等作家的作品在英国文学史上留下了重要的痕迹。

2. 美国文学的诞生与发展美国文学的起源较晚,17世纪移民新英格兰书信文学是美国文学的开端。

18世纪,美国文学开始迈入现代化阶段,风格多样的文学作品层出不穷。

19世纪的浪漫主义运动、现实主义运动以及自然主义运动,都为美国文学的繁荣与发展贡献了力量。

3. 英美文学的经典作品在英美文学史上,有许多经典作品,这些作品对后世文学产生了深远的影响。

如莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》、奥斯卡·王尔德的《风华绝代》、简·奥斯汀的《傲慢与偏见》、查尔斯·狄更斯的《雾都孤儿》等。

4. 英美文学的主题和风格英美文学作品的主题和风格多种多样,既有对家国情怀的歌颂,也有对人性命运的探索。

从文艺复兴时期的骑士文学到现代主义文学,英美文学作品的风格也是千姿百态。

5. 英美文学的流派英美文学的作品涉及的流派众多,包括戏剧、小说、诗歌、散文等。

在戏剧方面,莎士比亚的作品是最具代表性的;在小说方面,狄更斯的作品是最为典型的;在诗歌方面,弗罗斯特的作品是最为著名的。

6. 英美文学的影响英美文学对全球文学产生了深远影响,从语言、风格、主题等方面都对其他国家的文学产生了影响。

  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

1 English Renaissance period is generally said to have begun in 1798 and ended 1832 with Sir Walter Scott's death .2 William Blake strongly criticized the capitalists' cruel exploitation, saying that the "dark satanic mills left men unemployed ,killed children and forced prostitution."3 William Blake's Marriage of Heaven and Hell makrs his entry into maturity. The "Marriage" means the reconciliation of the contraries, not the subordination of the one to the other.4 the most important contribution William Wordsworth had made is that he was not only started the modern poetry, but also changed the course of English poetry by using ordinary speech of the language and by advocating a return to nature.5 Samuel Taylor Coleridge's achievement as a poet can divided into two remarkably diverse groups: the demonic and the conversational "the Rime of the Ancient Mariner""Kubla Khan""Christabel" belongs to the demonic group.6 Don Juan ,a great comic epic of the early 19th century ,is a poem based on a traditional Spanish legend of a great lover and seducer of women .7 "I fall upon the thorn of life, I bleed"---ode to the west wind8 the Victorian period roughly coincides with the reign of Queen Elizabeth who ruled over England fro 1836 to 1901.9 Charlotte Bronte's first novel is Professor10 most of George Eliot's novels are characterized by two features:moral teaching and psychological realism .11 in George Bernard Shaw's long dramatic career, he wrote 50 plays of a variety of subjects.12 Shaw held that art should serve social purposes by reflecting human life, revealing social contradictions and educating the common people13 Most of Shaw's plays ,termed as problem plays, are concerned with political, economical ,moral or religious problems.14 in John Galsworthy's The Man of Property,it centers on the Soames-Irene-Bosinney triangle.15 Lawrence's poem fall roughly into three categories--satirical and comic poems, poems about human relationships and emotions, and poems about nature.16 James Joyce's first novel is A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. The main character is Stephen Dedalus.17 Thomas Hardy divided his own novels into 3series, and Tess of the D'Urbervilles is among the novels of character and environment .18 Living at the turn of the century ,Thomas Hardy is often regarded as a transitional writer.19 The Waves is the climax of Virginia Woolf's experiments in novel form , she is a strong advocator of the feminist movement among the 20th century writers.20 E.M.Foster is a novelist but also a novel critic, his famous book on novel criticism is entitled Aspects of the novel .21 Strife斗争was Galsworthy's most important social work,which gives a profound critical portray of bourgeois society .22 as a realist dramatist, George Bernard Shaw is connected with social,economic ,moral and religious problems in his work . The general mood he expresses in his novel is optimism.23 The Mill on the Floss written by George Eliot is large autobiographical in its early chapters. Her first novel Adam Bede is a rural tragedy played out among the non-conformists in country scenes remembered from her childhood.24 Monk is Oliver's half-brother and in order to retain the whole of their fathers property by getting of Oliver.Great Expectation is a satire on the abuse of the court of chancery.In Litter Dorrit, the most vivid scenes are those in debtor's prison, remembered from Charles Dickens' father's stay in Marshalsea.Hard Times is an earnest attack on the vulgarity and materialism of the rising middle class industrialists25 Thackeray's first literary success came with a series of satirical sketches entitled The Snobs of England.26 John Keats's grave bears the epitaph:here lies one whose name is writ in water.转瞬即逝27 in 1805,Wordsworth completed a long autobiographical poem entitled the Prelude.28 it's the publication of Hours of Idleness闲散时光that brought George Gordon Byron fame. He once said "I awoke one morning and found myself famous"29 To Daniel Defoe is often given the credit for the discovery of the modern novel ,but whether or not he deserves that honor remains an open question.30 British novel came of age in 19th century. Modern English Novel arose in the 18th century.31 Henry Fielding's first novel Joseph Andrews intended as a burlesque of Samuel Richardson's novel Pamela.32 Oliver Goldsmith's best comedy is She Stoops to Conquer,which greatly enhances his fame in literature.33 Dr.Primrose is the central character of the novel The Vicar of Wakefield.34 Jonathan Swift's famous work A Tale of a Tub is a satirical dialogue between Ancients and the moderns in the character of the Bee and Spider.35 The poems by Jonne Donne belong to two categories:the youthful love lyrics, and the later scared verses.36 Celestial city is one of the most remarkable passages in John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress.37 the one recurrent theme in the poetry of Cavalier poets during the 17th century is love fancies.38 Satan trick Uriel by disguising himself as a cherub in Paradise Lost. Michael tells Adam about the future. Beezlehub is Satan's second-in-command angel. Milton named Urania as his heavenly muse.39 The Sonnet form, originally Italian, was introduced into English verse by Thomas Wyatt and Surrey.40 the ruler of hero in Dr.Faustus is Lucifer.41 the 15th century country has traditionally been described as the barren age in English literature, there is only one prose writer called Thomas Marlowe, who wrote Morte D'Arthur.42 Cadmon is the first known religious poet of England, He is known as the Father of English Song.43 The Waste Land is 433 lines long and is divided into five sections.44 as a young man in the last decades of the 19th century ,W.B.Yeats began poetic career in the romantic tradition.45 The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock is intensely anti-romantic with an evasive sensual atmosphere.46 as a literary figure, John Rivers appears in Bront's Jane Eyre47 Charles Dickens takes the French Revolution as the background of his novel A Tale of TwoCities.Dickens attacks the utilitarian principle that rules over the English educational system and destroys young hearts and minds.48 The hero of Thomas Hardy's The Mayor of Casterbridge is a man of self-sufficiency自负。

相关文档
最新文档