Unit 5 知识点讲解与练习 【新教材】人教版(2019版)高一英语必修第一册

新必修一unit5课文THE CHINESE WRITING SYSTEM:CONNECTING THE PAST AND THE PRESENTChina is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in its history. There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language. It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu—animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people. Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in today's hanzi.By the Shang Dynasty (around 1600-1046 BCE), these symbols had become a well-developed writing system. Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters. This, however, changed under Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty (221- -207 BCE).Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture. Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing.Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China's present is connected with its past. People in modern times can read the classic works which were written by Chinese in ancient times. The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form, known as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture.Today, the Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture. As China plays a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through this amazing language.中文书写系统:连接过去和现在中国以其一直延续到现代的古老文明而闻名，尽管在它的历史上有许多起起落落。

这是可能的原因有很多，但其中一个主要的因素是中国的文字系统。

最初，书面中文是一种以图画为基础的语言。

它可以追溯到几千年前的龙鼓使用-动物的骨头和贝壳上雕刻符号的古代中国人。

在今天的汉字中还可以看到一些古代的符号。

到了商朝(约公元前1600-1046年)，这些符号已经成为一种非常发达的书写系统。

随着时间的推移，这个系统发展成了不同的形式，因为那时人们在地理上是分开的，导致了许多不同的方言和汉字。

然而，这种情况在秦朝(公元前221年-公元前207年)的秦始皇时期发生了改变。

秦始皇统一了七个主要国家成为一个统一的国家，中国的文字系统开始朝着一个方向发展。

这种书写系统对于中国人民和文化的统一起到了重要的作用。

即使在今天，无论中国人住在哪里，说什么方言，他们仍然可以用文字交流。

书面汉语也成为中国现在与过去联系的重要手段。

现代的人们可以阅读古代中国人写的经典作品。

人们对中国文字系统的高度重视可以从汉字作为一种艺术形式的发展中体现出来，即中国书法，它已经成为中国文化的重要组成部分。

今天，中国的书写系统仍然是中国文化的重要组成部分。

随着中国在全球事务中扮演越来越重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过这门神奇的语言来欣赏中国的文化和历史。

basevt.以……为根据n．基部；基地；基础[应试方向] 过去分词句式功能的考查[教材P10] It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.比起现在我们说的(英语)它更大程度上是以德语为基础的。

base A on B 把A建立在B的基础上(sth.) be based on... 以……为基础on the basis of 根据；在……的基础上basic adj.基本的；基础的(做表语)basically adv.基本上[名师微语] 在作状语表示“基于……为背景(考虑)”时，常用的结构为：“based on...”；在作定语时表示“基于……的事物”时，也常用过去分词作后置定语，如：theory based on facts 基于事实的理论。

A．语法填空①__________(base) an important decision more on emotion than on reason，you will regret it sooner or later.[答案] Basing②__________ (base) on my own opinion，this one is far better than that one.[答案] Based③Though he has some shortcomings, He is __________(base) a nice person.[答案] basically④(2014·湖南卷)Practise under the guidance of some experienced writers and teachers whocan help you with__________(base) writing skills.[答案] basicB．完成句子⑤(2015·郑州一模)After all，the doctorpatient relationship ______________trust，andtherefore honesty is essential.毕竟，医患关系是以信任为基础的，因此诚信是至关重要的。

[答案] is based onsymbol辨析比较signal, mark, sign与symbolsignal意为“信号”，常指为某一目的而发出的信号mark 意为“标志，标记”，含义广泛，指事物留下的深刻印迹或某物上用于辨别该物品的标志，比sign 更侧重于区别性或揭示性的标志，有时不一定十分直观或明显sign意为“记号，标记”，用法最广，可指符号，也可指具体的用于识别或指示的标志，如指示牌、卡片等。

也作“征兆，迹象”讲symbol意为“象征，符号”，常指被人们选出的物体或图案用来代表另一事物，并作为该事物的标记或象征variety【原句回放】You can get burned by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, ... 你可能因多种情况受伤：灼热的液体、水蒸汽......【点拨】variety n. 不同种类，多种式样；多样化，综艺节目常用短语：a variety of 多种的，各种各样的There is a wide variety of patterns to choose from. 有各种各样的图案从中选择。

I was impressed by the variety of dishes on offer. 我对出售中的各式餐具印象很深。

There was little she could do to add variety to her daily routine.她无法给单调的日常生活增添些趣味。

【拓展】various adj. 各种各样的vary v. 使多样化，(使)变化，不同major用法详解(1)adj.主要的;重要的;大的(一般做前置定语)The major problem at present is how to overcome all the difficulties.目前的主要问题是如何克服所有的困难。

A major earthquake happened in Japan on March 11, 2011.2011年3月11日,日本发生了大地震。

(2)n.[C]主修课程;专业课vi.主修搭配: major in主修The student, majoring in economics at college, made a comment on the matter.那个大学专业是经济学的学生对此事做了评论。