阅读理解命题方向与解题技巧

CET-4 READING COMPREHENSION

（仅供教学参考）

一、考试命题

1．分值比重阅读理解满分为249分，占试卷总分的35%

2．命题原则

阅读理解旨在考核考生的如下能力：

1)掌握所读材料的主旨和大意；

2)了解说明主旨和大意的事实和细节；

3)既理解字面的意思，也能根据所读材料进行一定的判断和推论；

4)既理解个别句子的意义，也理解上下文的逻辑关系，理解文章的深层含义。

在阅读理解试题的命题过程中，这些能力又进一步细分为九项微技能：

01理解明确表达的概念或细节；

02理解隐含表达的概念或细节；通过判断句子的交际功能来理解文章；

03辨别文章的中心思想；

04理解作者的观点和态度；

05猜测词和短语的意思；

06句子层次的理解；

07篇章层次的理解；

08通过略读了解文章大意；

09通过查阅寻找某一信息。

历次的阅读理解试题全面覆盖了上述的各项技能，其中，技能01的测试题占阅读理解总题量的30.3%，技能05和06的测试题占阅读理解总题量的11.7%。

阅读理解的考核包括三个层次：句子层次、语篇层次和推理判断层次，并且遵循下列选材原则：

1）题材广泛，可以包括人物传记、社会、文化、日常知识、科普常识等，但是所涉及的背景知识应能为学生所理解；

2) 体裁多样，可以包括叙述文、说明文、议论文等，应体现学术英语（English for

Academic Purposes）的特点；

3)语言难度及词汇量符合四、六级考试规定的范围。

阅读理解短文的体裁以议论文为主，题材以人文管理和科学技术为主。对此，我们可参阅四、六级考试委员会对60篇阅读理解短文的如下统计数据。

阅读理解短文的语言属于学术英语，其特点是语言结构和阅读难度比较均衡，具有测试上的可取性。这样的短文虽然含有科技成分，但不涉及过深的专业知识，不会由于考生所学专业的不同而影响考试的效度。

阅读不是瞎读，理解不是乱猜。在阅读中，我们应根据文章的总体思路和考试要求，有粗细快慢之分地进行。

二、应试方法

1．答题步骤

快读—问题—细读—答题

2．答题方法

答阅读理解试题的基本方法是“对号入座”，即带着问题仔细阅读短文的相关部分，而并非短文的全部，否则，阅读所占的时间可能会过长。

阅读理解试题只要求考生选择出正确答题，并没有要求看懂短文中的全部文字。一般水平的考生往往试图看懂短文的每个句子，那是在做力所不能及的事情, 且劳而无功。

应试训练1:（段落中的对号入座）

Normally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course which he attends gives him a credit（学分）which he may count towards a degree. In many American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses each lasting for one semester. A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester.

Normally a student would at least attend ____ classes each week.

A) 36 B) 12 C) 20 D) 15

对号入座的句子：A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester.

[答案] B

[译文]一门典型课程每周三节，上15周；在上学期间，一个学生每学期可能上四门或五门课程。[注释]每周上课= 3节×4（门）= 12节，或者3节×5（门）= 15节。问题是“一个学生通常每周至少（at least）要上多少节课”，因此应选12节。

应试训练2:（语篇中的对号入座）

Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:

If women are mercilessly exploited year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores. Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion. When you come to think of it , only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.

Changing fashions are nothing more than the intentional creation of waste. Many women spend vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that hardly been worn. Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way, waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have. Skirts are lengthened or shortened; neck-lines are lowered or raised, and so on.

No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability(耐用). They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, as long as they look right . There can hardly be a man who hasn't at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in high-heeled shoes.

When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the constantly changing fashions of women's clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability? Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability? That is for you to decide.