Chapter 4 Economy 英语国家概况 英国文化选修课 教学课件

❖ Important crops—wheat, barley,sugar beet, potatoes.
❖ Dairy farming, fishing Manufacturing—still playing important role
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rail network and airports
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Agriculture
❖ Mild climate—favorable environment for agriculture and stock raising
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Recent History of British Economy
❖Economic decline ❖In the pre-war era, it was only second to US, but this indicated some sort of decline. ❖After World War II, the British economy experienced a period of great difficulty and relative economic decline.
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Energy Production
❖ Coalfields are mostly located in Central Scotland, Central England and South Wales.
❖ 3 Big producers: Shell, British Petroleum (BP), British Gas (BG)
❖ failure to invest in modern equipment and new products
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Policies
❖ “mixed economy”
❖ Sterling—performed relatively well against major currencies in recent years
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Natural Resources & Infrastructures
❖ Principal resources—oil and gas (in the North Sea, on the coast of Scotland)
East coast of Scotland
❖ Large amount of coal (kept for future use) ❖ Highly developed & efficient main road and
▪ the “Third Way”: differ from the old the Labor
party’s nationalization reform and the conservative party’s extreme individualism
• made the Bank of England independent • emphasized on the minimum wage and
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Growth and Decline
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Causes
❖ two World Wars—great economic loss, heavily in debt.
supplementing low incomes
• emphasized individual responsibility
➢ Britain’s economic growth surpassed other major European countries
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❖ known as the world’s leading international financial centre
❖ Over 550 international banks and 170 global securities houses have offices in London
❖ the era of the British Empire was over— decolonization (losses of raw material & market)
❖ military expense (until the process of decolonization completed in the 1960s)
❖ Margaret Thatcher
▪ Radical economic reform
• sell back those industries to the private sector
beat inflation (primary objective)
• Promote competitive spirit in economy
—Margaret Thatcher
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Policies (1997-1997)
❖ In 1997 theΒιβλιοθήκη BaiduLabor party Tony Blair
英语国家概况
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The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Chapter 4
•nationalize key industries (such as
coal, steel and transport)
▪ laid the foundation for postwar British
social and economic development
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Policies (1945-1979)
❖In 1945 the Labor party
▪ carried out drastic reforms
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▪ But it underwent a particularly bad period in
1970s, with high rates of inflation and devaluation of the pound.
▪ Result: Britain’s economic growth fell behind
❖ London—the strongest performing region in the UK
London Eye
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Finance
❖ Importance of institutions of City of London cannot be over-emphasized
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Current British Economy
❖ the world's 6th largest economy (2010) (after US, Japan, China, Germany and France)
❖ The UK's people are the world's twelfth richest
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Services industries
❖ Services industries, especially, business and financial services—the strongest performing sector in the UK economy
▪ Social welfare reduced
▪ Result: Britain’s economic growth still lagged
behind
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▪ an economy in which there
is some public ownership as well as privately owned business
❖ During the 20th century the government has become involved in the economy through introduction of social welfare policies and laws to regulate industrial relations.
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Policies (1979-1997)
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Policies (1979-1997)
“In politics if you want anything said, ask a man. If you want anything done, ask a woman.”
Economy
英 语 国 家 概 况
A Guide to English-Speaking
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CONTENT
I Recent History of British Economy
II
Current British Economy
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that of western European countries
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Policies (1979-1997)
❖ 1979-1997 Conservative Party