昆明医科大学外科学2010,2011,2017,2018年考博真题
昆明医科大学病理学2009--2019年考博真题
二、 问答题:(每题10分,共70分) 1.肝硬化时假小叶是如何形成的,假小叶有哪些形态特点? 2.按照肿瘤的命名原则,请列举发生于前臂的良恶性肿瘤各10个。 3.从病因、发病机制、病理变化、主要临床表现和影像学特点比较大叶性肺炎 与小叶性肺炎的不同点。 4.请举出5种导致锁骨上淋巴结肿大的疾病或病变,并简述肿大淋巴结的病变 特点。 5.尸体解剖发现死者双肾体积肿大,包膜紧张,颜色暗红,表面及切面散在出 血点,肾皮质增宽。镜下大多数肾小球体积增大,球囊内细胞数目显著增多, 肾小管腔内见蛋白、红细胞和白细胞。试分析: (1)该病例的病理诊断是什么?
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昆明医科大学
2011年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目:病理学 注意:所有答案一律写在答题纸上,写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。 一、名词解释:(每题3分,共30分) 1.Metaplasia 2.Granulation tissue 3.Paget disease 4.Infarct 5.Primary complex 6.Gumma 7.Piecemeal necrosis 8.Reed-Sternberg cell 9.Aschoff body
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尸检:主动脉壁增厚,内膜可见灰黄色斑块,主动脉局部内膜分离,其间可见血 凝块,冠状动脉内膜增厚,狭窄。 问题1:该患者的死亡原因是什么? 2:叙述心血管病变形成的过程。
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昆明医科大学
2013年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
二,问答题(每题10分,共70分) 1,简述小叶性肺炎,肾盂肾炎,流行性脑脊膜炎的病变共性和不同点(病 因,发病年龄,感染途径和病变特点) . 2.病人出现血尿,请分析可导致血尿的疾病和病变特点(至少3种) . 3.试述良性高血压晚期脑,心脏和肾脏的主要病理改变及后果. 4. 病人的手指被刀切伤,深达肌层,试述伤口的愈合过程和影响伤口愈合 的因素. 5. 以肺癌为例,试述恶性肿瘤的扩散规律. 6.试述心衰细胞,枭眼细胞,伤寒细胞,镜影细胞和泡沫细胞见于何种疾 病或病变以及镜下形态特点. 7,患者,男,50岁,因呕血急诊入院.既往患乙型肝炎16年.查体见面部 和胸部有蜘蛛痣,腹壁静脉怒张,腹水征阳性.实验室检查: HBsAg(+),HBcAb(+),HBeAg(+),ALT 明显增高,AFP 明显增高.B 超检查有大 小不等的结节. 请分析: (1) 该病人患何疾病? (2) 该疾病的发生发展过程? (3) 请解释为何出现上述临床表现?
(完整word版)全国外科学考博试题总结,推荐文档
全国外科学考博试题总结名词解释:1.高钾血症;2.心脏按摩;3.中心静脉压;4.非少尿型急性肾功能衰竭;5.呼吸性酸中毒;6.肠源性感染;7.脓毒症(sepsis);8.Superinfection;9.ARDS;10.过继免疫疗法;11.CARS12.GVHR;13.SIADH;14.基因诊断;15.条件性感染;16.SIADH;17.SIRS;18. 预存式自体输血;19.休克抑制期;20. 痈;21.海绵状血管瘤;22.负氮平衡;23. 脑再灌注损伤;24.中厚皮片;25. 脓血症26.烧伤面积的中国九分法;27.systemic inflammatory response syndrome ;28.功能性细胞外液;29.心肺复苏;30.MSOF;31.ARF;32.ARDS;33.ICU;34.休克指数;35.MODS;36.条件感染;37.载体和重组质粒;38.MAC;39.导向复苏40.精准医疗论述题:1、较广泛的或剧烈的创伤性炎症对机体可引起哪些不利影响?(10 分)2、成人呼吸窘迫综合症的临床表现和分期(15 分)。
3.输血适应症4.外科抗菌药应用原则5.理想手术切口应具备的条件6.肾替代疗法应达到的指标7.DIC 的临床表现8.创伤治愈的分期、处理原则9.理想的肿瘤标志物应具备的特点10. 肾在体内酸碱平衡调节的机制11. 肠外营养的适应证和并发症12. 自体输血的方式和禁忌证13.试述肠内营养适应证14.试述自体输血的适应证与禁忌症15.分输血的种类和适应症16.肠源性感染的发病机制17.代谢性酸中毒的分型及常见原因18.创伤的检查与诊断步骤(13)19.脑复苏的现代观念及主要方法20.灭菌与消毒有何区别?21.高钾血症的原因和诊断处理?22.肠外营养有哪些常见并发症如何处理23.简述外科如何选择和使用抗菌药物?24..创伤后组织修复分几个阶段?简述其修复过程?25.创伤后组织修复过程分为哪几个阶段?各阶段的主要特点是什么?26.试述肿瘤浸润与转移过程中的相关因素?27.试述创伤的代谢变化及其临床意义?28.溶血反应的发病机理及病理变化?29.感染性休克病理生理变化过程中血流动力学改变有何特征?治疗要点是什么?30.全胃肠外营养的并发症31..肠细菌移位的发生机制32.腹部外科术后心力衰竭的紧急处理,应从哪些方面着手?33.有哪些腹部外科疾病与病毒感染有关?如何预防和治疗。
外科学博士试题集锦
去年在小木虫、百度文库、丁香园、爱爱医收集的博士入学考试外科学简答题,是好几个学校在一块的,北医、上交、协和、山大,301,华科的,受益颇大,当时下载也花了不少心血,总结费了不少时间,分享给大家,一份耕耘,一份收获,但愿好运常相随!!!考博问答题整理无菌术1.什么是无菌术?无菌术的内容包括那些?无菌术是针对微生物及感染途径所采取的一系列预防措施。
无菌术的内容包括灭菌、消毒法、操作规则及管理制度。
2.无菌术、灭菌?所谓灭菌就是杀灭一切活的微生物。
而消毒是指杀灭病原微生物和其他活动有害微生物,但不要求奢靡额和清除所有微生物3.常用的灭菌消毒法有:(1)高压蒸汽法。
(2)煮沸法。
(3)火烧法。
(4)药液浸泡法。
(5)甲醛蒸汽熏蒸法。
4.手术过程中的无菌原则(1)手术人员穿无菌手术衣和戴无菌手套之后,手不能接触背部、腰部以下和肩部以上部位,这些区域属于有菌地带;同样,也不要接触手术台边缘以下的布单。
(2)不可在手术人员的背后传递手术器械及用品。
坠落到无菌巾或手术台边以外的器械物品,不准拾回再用。
(3)手术中如手套破损或接触到有菌地方,应更换无菌手套。
如前臂或肘部触碰有菌地方,应更换无菌手术衣或加套无菌袖套。
如无菌巾、布单等物已被湿透,其无菌隔离作用不再完整,应加盖干的无菌布单。
(4)在手术过程中,同侧手术人员如需调换位置,一人应先退后一步,背对背地转身到达另一位置,以防触及对方背部不洁区。
(5)手术开始前要清点器械、敷料,手术结束时,检查胸、腹等体腔,待核对器械、敷料数无误后,才能关闭切口,以免异物遗留腔内产生严重后果。
(6)切口边缘应以无菌大纱布垫或手术巾遮盖,并用巾钳或缝线固定,仅显露手术切口。
术前手术区粘贴无菌塑料薄膜可达到相同目的。
(7)做皮肤切口以及缝合皮肤之前,需再消毒皮肤一次。
(8)切开空腔脏器前,要先用纱布垫保护周围组织,以防止或减少污染。
(9)参观手术的人员不可太靠近手术人员或站得太高,也不可经常在室内走动,以减少污染的机会。
昆明医科大学外科学专业课考博真题博士试题
昆明医科大学外科学专业课考博真题博士试题昆明医科大学外科学专业课考博真题博士试题一、选择题1、关于骨骼肌收缩的描述,正确的是:() A. 收缩的总张力与肌纤维数量无关 B. 收缩的总张力与肌纤维的直径无关 C. 不同肌纤维的收缩速度相同 D. 不同肌纤维的收缩效率相同 E. 收缩的总张力与刺激强度无关2、下列哪一项不是造成骨折的原因?() A. 直接暴力 B. 间接暴力 C. 肌肉拉力 D. 骨骼疾病 E. 长期劳损3、关于休克的治疗,错误的是:() A. 尽早去除休克病因 B. 补充血容量 C. 采取头低脚高位的体位 D. 注意保温 E. 给予血管收缩药物二、简答题1、简述外科休克的分类及各类的特点。
2、简述骨折的愈合过程及其影响因素。
3、简述脓肿和脓肿的原因及两者的区别。
三、论述题1、论述外科感染的概念、分类、临床表现及治疗方法。
2、论述恶性肿瘤的治疗方法及其优缺点。
3、论述甲状腺手术的手术适应证及其手术治疗原则。
四、分析题有一位青年男性患者,因“左上腹疼痛5天,加重2天”来院就诊。
患者5天前无明显诱因出现左上腹疼痛,疼痛为阵发性,可忍受,无放射痛,无畏寒、发热,无恶心、呕吐,无胸闷、心悸,大小便正常。
患者有慢性乙型肝炎病史5年,未经系统治疗,平时经常熬夜、劳累。
体格检查:体温37.5℃,心率90次/分,呼吸20次/分,血压120/80mmHg。
左上腹轻压痛,无反跳痛,墨菲氏征阴性,肝脾肋下未触及。
实验室检查:白细胞10×10^9/L,中性粒细胞比例70%,淋巴细胞比例30%,Hb120g/L,血小板150×10^9/L。
肝功能检查:谷丙转氨酶(ALT)20U/L,谷草转氨酶(AST)30U/L,总胆红素(TBIL)20μmol/L。
乙肝病毒检测:HBsAg阳性,HBeAg阳性,HBcAb阳性。
根据以上病例特点,请分析并回答以下问题:1、该患者最可能的诊断是什么?并请列出你的诊断依据。
昆医考研历年真题答案解析
昆医考研历年真题答案解析考研对于很多学子来说都是一个重要的里程碑,尤其对于医学生而言,昆明医科大学(简称昆医)是一个备受青睐的目标学府。
在考研备考过程中,历年的真题是一个宝贵的资料资源,因为它不仅可以帮助我们了解考试的难度和形式,还可以在解析中找到一些备考的技巧和思路。
1. 生物医学工程专业 2010年真题第一题是关于医学图像处理的问题。
医学图像处理是生物医学工程专业的重要内容之一。
在解析中,我们可以发现题目要求我们针对一幅CT图像进行图像增强。
在这个过程中,需要我们了解医学图像处理的基本原理和方法。
通过分析该题的解析,我们可以得出一些结论:图像增强的目的是为了改善图像的视觉效果,常见的图像增强方法有直方图均衡化、滤波等。
所以在备考过程中,我们需要深入掌握医学图像处理的相关理论和实践技能。
2. 临床医学专业 2015年真题第二题是一道典型的临床题目。
考察的内容是疾病的临床表现和诊断分析。
该题目描述了一个病人的症状,要求我们根据这些症状进行诊断。
通过解析,我们可以发现该题目是一道典型的病例分析题。
在备考过程中,我们需要掌握临床病例分析的基本方法和技巧,了解不同疾病的临床表现及其与其他疾病的鉴别诊断。
这对于提高我们的临床思维和诊断能力非常重要。
3. 公共卫生与预防医学专业 2018年真题第三题是关于流行病学研究设计的问题。
流行病学研究是公共卫生与预防医学专业的核心内容之一。
在这道题目中,要求我们分析一项研究设计的合理性和可行性。
通过解析,我们可以得出一些建议:在进行流行病学研究时,需要明确研究目标和研究问题,并选择合适的研究设计和样本容量。
此外,还需要进行严格的数据收集和数据分析,以确保研究结果的可信度和有效性。
4. 药学专业 2019年真题第四题是一道关于药物代谢动力学的问题。
药物代谢动力学是药学专业的重要内容之一。
在这个题目中,要求我们根据一组数据计算药物的清除常数和半衰期,并进行相关分析。
通过解析,我们可以得出一些结论:药物代谢动力学研究的重要性在于了解药物的代谢途径、代谢动力学参数,以及药物在体内的消除速率。
历年考博外科题目总汇.doc
历年考博外科题目总汇. .1、Tme及直肠系膜的概念2、胰头癌引起梗阻性黄疸的处理办法3、原位肝移植的手术方式与适应症胃癌的淋巴结清扫范围与手术根治程度分级乳腺癌的内分泌治疗的方法与药物乳癌治疗原则Sirs sepsis MODS的概念与相互关系营养不良的分类与支持的适应症直肠癌前切除术的主要并发症胰岛素瘤的定位诊断肝癌的综合治疗, 肝癌的治疗原则门脉高压上消化道出血的治疗MODS的发病机理MODS的治疗。
胆道出血的诊治慢性甲状腺炎的诊治SAP的治疗:胰腺炎的治疗Bismuth的分类;医源性胆管损伤按Bismuth分类:Ⅰ型:距肝总管起始部向远端2cm以上。
Ⅱ型:距肝总管起始部向远端2cm以内。
Ⅲ型:左右肝管汇合部。
Ⅳ型:左侧肝管或右侧肝管。
Ⅴ型:左右肝管分支处。
甲状腺癌的病理特点胃癌的治疗原则如何正确的对手术病人进行术前肝功能评估,以利手术顺利进行?Child 评分Child-1、Tme及直肠系膜的概念2、胰头癌引起梗阻性黄疸的处理办法3、原位肝移植的手术方式与适应症胃癌的淋巴结清扫范围与手术根治程度分级乳腺癌的内分泌治疗的方法与药物乳癌治疗原则Sirs sepsis MODS的概念与相互关系营养不良的分类与支持的适应症直肠癌前切除术的主要并发症胰岛素瘤的定位诊断肝癌的综合治疗, 肝癌的治疗原则门脉高压上消化道出血的治疗MODS的发病机理MODS的治疗。
胆道出血的诊治慢性甲状腺炎的诊治SAP的治疗:胰腺炎的治疗Bismuth的分类;医源性胆管损伤按Bismuth分类:Ⅰ型:距肝总管起始部向远端2cm以上。
Ⅱ型:距肝总管起始部向远端2cm以内。
Ⅲ型:左右肝管汇合部。
Ⅳ型:左侧肝管或右侧肝管。
Ⅴ型:左右肝管分支处。
甲状腺癌的病理特点胃癌的治疗原则如何正确的对手术病人进行术前肝功能评估,以利手术顺利进行?Child 评分Child:二问答1 PMC(甲状腺乳头状微小腺癌)及其目前治疗原则2 Budd-Chiari syndrome的分型及手术治疗方法布加综合征由各种原因所致肝静脉和其开口以上段下腔静脉阻塞性病变引起的常伴有下腔静脉高压为特点的一种肝后门脉高压症。
最新昆明医科大学毕业综合考试真题
昆明医科大学(包括海源学院)2005级、2006级、2007级、2008级毕业考试B卷101、男性18岁,浮肿大量蛋白尿,低蛋白血症,高脂血症一周,用强的松治疗一个月后,浮肿消退,一周后尿蛋白有增至+++,采取:强的松+环磷酰胺。
102、男性44岁发烧,咽痛,半月后尿少,两眼浮肿,腰酸乏力,尿蛋白++:青霉素+对症处理。
103、二尖瓣狭窄导致右心衰是由于收缩期负荷过重104、主动脉瓣狭窄伴有关闭不全导致左心衰是由于收缩期和舒张期负荷过重105、二尖瓣脱垂伴有重度关闭不全导致左心衰是由于收缩期和舒张期负荷过重。
106、急进性肾小球肾炎:大剂量甲基强的松+环磷酰胺+血浆置换。
107、感染后急性肾小球肾炎:抗菌素两周+卧床休息+对症处理。
108、微小病变性肾病综合征:强的松*0.78.109、男性25岁,近一个月长感上腹部疼痛,空腹为主,进食后缓解:法莫替丁。
110、男性50岁,经一个月长感上腹部疼痛,无明显规律性伴腹泻:氢氧化铝凝胶。
111、茶碱抑制磷酸二酯酶阻止cAMP变成5’-AMP。
112、β受体激动剂激活腺苷环化酶使cAMP形成增加113、自律性最高的是窦房结114、自律性最低的是房室交界区115、传导速度最快的是浦肯野纤维116、肺心病发生的先决条件肺动脉高压117、肺心病诊断最关键的依据是右心室肥厚118、支气管哮喘持续状态宜用糖皮质激素119、支气管哮喘并冠心病宜用氨茶碱。
120、65岁男性突发呼吸困难,双肺可闻及哮鸣音,既往有哮喘和冠心病史,选用下列哪种药治疗:氨茶碱。
121、65岁男性因肺心病伴有呼吸衰竭和心衰入院治疗中出现兴奋、躁动、谵妄,出现这种情况是由于洋地黄。
122、胃溃疡好发部位在胃窦小弯123、十二指肠溃疡好发于十二指肠球部后壁124、诊断克隆嗯病的是非干酪性肉芽肿。
125、诊断溃疡性结肠炎的是肠腺隐窝脓肿126、感染性心内膜炎出现Osler结节127、慢性缩窄性心包炎出现Kussmaul征128、纤维蛋白性心包炎出现心包摩擦音129、女性月经过多易引起缺铁性贫血130、温抗体自身免疫性溶血性贫血继发于巨幼细胞贫血。
昆明医科大学考博历年病理学试题(2009-2017)
1、hyaline degeneration 概念及分型。
2、滋养层细胞疾病包括什么?他们之间有什么共同点,又有什么区别?3、A动脉粥样硬化和高血压病所致心、肾、脑病变有什么不同?B高血压病颗粒性固缩肾是怎么形成的?C 高血压病小动脉病变是什么?4、大叶性肺炎分哪几个自然分期,有什么并发症?5、肠阿米巴、肠伤寒、肠菌痢的区别?6、结核球是来自哪些病变,临床上怎么治疗,为什么?7、良性肿瘤和恶性肿瘤的区别?8、流行性脑脊髓膜炎和乙脑的区别?9、胃癌种植转移于卵巢是什么诊断?胃癌转移途径有哪些?10、萎缩的概念及病理性萎缩类型?11、thrombus 概念及分型?12、坏死的基本病变?1 、简述下肢申报静脉血栓脱落后,栓子的运行途径和对机体造成影响(10 分)。
2、肉芽肿是由什么成分组成的?简述肉芽肿的作用、演变及瘢痕形成的过程(10 分)。
3、简述继发性肺结核各种类型互相转变的规律(10 分)。
4、简述肿瘤性增殖和非肿瘤性增殖的特点及二者的区别(8 分)。
5、何谓Abscess和Phlegmonous?二者的区别是什么(10分)。
6、简述粥样硬化动脉的发生发展过程(10分)。
7、简述凋亡细胞的形态学特点(6 分)。
8、男性患者,65 岁,反复咳嗽、咳痰10 年余,冬季加重。
近半年来感心悸、气急。
1周前发热,体温38C左右。
查体:颈静脉充盈,桶状胸,肺部可闻及湿性啰音,肝肿大,腹水,双下肢水肿。
X 线检查提示肺部散在小灶状阴影。
( 1 )患者患哪些疾病,请写出所患疾病名称( 5 分)。
(2)试述患者所患疾病直接的相互关系及发病机制(10分)。
9、请写出可导致呕血的疾病或病变,至少写出3种,并简述它们的疾病特点(10分)。
10、C rescent 是哪种疾病的特征性病变,并简述这种疾病的病理表现(5 分)。
11、何谓Cervical Intraepithelial neoplasm ?并简述其分级的主要依据( 6 分)。
南方医科大学外科学(泌尿外)2009,2013--2016,2018年考博真题
历年真题试卷
攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
南方医科大学
2013年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目:外科学(泌尿外)
注意:所有答案一律写在答题纸上,写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
第一部分外科学总论(共28分)
一、名词解释(每题2分,共8分)
1、痈2、SIRS 3、三期愈合4、急性肾衰竭
三、简答题
1.局限性前列腺癌和局限性进展性前列腺癌的定义区别?
2.前列腺癌治疗中主动监测和观察等待有何不同?
3.万艾可治疗勃起功能障碍的机制?
4.男性性功能异常常见有哪些?
四、问答题
1.勃起功能障碍的系统性治疗方法?
2.国际泌尿病理协会(ISUP)在2005年和2014年版的前列腺癌病理评分(Gleason评分)的区别。
4、膀胱肿瘤的TNM分期
5、肾移植术前必须做哪些检查,意义如何四、问答题ຫໍສະໝຸດ 每题20分,3题任选2题,共40分)
1、肾脏损伤的诊断和治疗
2、泌尿系梗阻的好发部位……
3、如果让您自己设计博士课题,您的博士课题准备研究的内容,立题依据及技术路线
南方医科大学
2014年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目:外科学(泌尿外)
外科学总论部分
一、名词解释2分*4=8分
1.急性肾衰
2.ARDS
3.脑疝
4.休克
二、简答题5分*4=20分
1.什么是无菌术,无菌术的内容?灭菌和消毒的区别?
2.简述剖腹探查的指征?
3.少尿期的治疗原则?
4.输血的并发症?
泌尿外科部分
一、简答题8分*4=32分
1. TVT手术?
2.ESWL的禁忌症?
考博外科学——精选推荐
考博外科学外科学总论(共50分)⼀名词解释:1.基因诊断2.⾼温灭菌法3.NHSTR4.GHTRS5.MODS⼆简答题:1 简述外科疾病的分类2 外科⼿术进⾏中的⽆菌原则3 感染性休克的治疗三问答题低渗性缺⽔的定义病因临床表现诊断治疗普外科各论(50分)⼀名词解释mastopathy 原发性腹膜炎strangulated hernia (狂晕刚意识到答成绞窄性肠梗阻了)abdominal compartment syndrome 第五个忘了⾼选择⾏迷⾛神经切断术(英⽂)⼆问答题甲状腺功能亢进症的病因术前术中注意事项⼿术适应症⼿术禁忌症术后常见并发症及处理原则原发性肝癌的病因病理临床表现诊断和鉴别诊断治疗2007年第⼆军医⼤学考博普通外科学⼀、多选题(12题,每题1分)1、腹腔镜⼿术禁忌:2、能叩诊出移动性浊⾳的腹腔积液:A、100ml B、200ml C、300ml D、400ml E、⼤于500ml3、急性胰腺炎⾎淀粉酶的变化:4、胆囊癌最佳的诊断⽅法:B超、CT、ERCP、?、?5、⼩⼉肠扭转病例6、肝脓肿病例7、以下胃、⼗⼆指肠穿孔描述不正确的是:⼆、填空题(8分)1、影响胃癌预后的因素有:(7空)2、下消化道出⾎的诊断⽅法有:(5空)3、下肢深静脉栓塞分为四型:_____型(4空)三、名词解释(6分,每题2分)1、buerger病2、charcot 综合征3、TME四、问答题1、家族性结肠息⾁病的发病原理、诊断、⼿术⽅式、术后随访原则?(20分)2、甲亢术后并发症及处理?(24分)3、肠梗阻按梗阻原因的分类;肠梗阻的治疗原则以及⾮⼿术治疗⽅法?(30分)第三军医⼤学2013博⼠普外专业⼀、名词解释1、richer疝2、倾倒综合征(英⽂)3、布加综合征(英⽂)4、⼆、简答题1、乳腺癌根治术切除范围2、胰腺癌⼿术切除范围3、简述直肠癌超低位保肛术4、chiold分级及其临床意义三、问答题1、急性梗阻性黄疸治疗原则2、论述胃癌外科治疗的最新进展2013南京医科⼤学普外科学(总论+普外)考博真题回忆版简答4分*61、创伤组织修补基本过程?2、30秒内确定⼼搏骤停的⽅法?3、输⾎后常见并发症?4、低钾的常见病因?5、营养⽀持⽅法选择原则?6、⼿术中的⽆菌原则?问答19分*41、胰腺假性囊肿的⼿术指征、⽅式、要点?2、甲状腺⼿术并发症及治疗?3、腹膜后⼗⼆指肠破裂诊断依据及治疗?4、完善的科研设计标志有哪些?第三军医⼤学2013年外科专业基础之⼈体解剖真题名词解释:胸⾻⾓纵隔膜迷路动脉韧带肺段简答脑屏障的主要特点喉的结构,运动及功能的关系胆汁的产⽣,排出的主要特点问答⽪质核束的主要特点内脏传导通路的主要特点迷⾛神经的主要特点腰丛的主要特点2013中⼭⼤学博⼠⽣⼊学考试(普外)1糖⽪质激素外科感染性休克2糖尿病围术期准备要点3开放⽓胸处理原则4影像学在泌尿系结⽯的诊断应⽤5胃癌腹腔镜禁忌6胆管囊性扩张的分型7下肢静脉体格检查名称8外科真菌感染因素和抗真菌药物9切⼝裂开预防10⿊⾊素瘤的临床表现11CEA.AFP.CA199.CA125.PSA,中⽂名称及诊断价值12门脉⾼压⾮⼿术治疗及贲门⾎管离断理由13 低渗性缺⽔的原因14乳腺癌分⼦分型及治疗建议15胃癌根治原则,根治划分,远端胃癌根治切除范围16慢性胰腺炎⼿术指征,⼿术原则,⼿术⽅式。
2010年全国医学博士英语统考真题及参考答案
2010年全国医学博士英语统考真题及参考答案2010年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答题须知1.请考生首先将自己的姓名、所在考点、准考证号在标准答题卡上认真填写清楚,并按“考场指令”要求,在标准答题卡上,将准考证号相应的位置涂好。
2.试卷一(paper one)和试卷二(paper two)答案都做在标准答题卡上,书面表达一定要用黑色签字笔或钢笔写在标准答题卡上指定区域,不要做在试卷上。
3.试卷一答题答题时必须使用2B铅笔,将所选答案按要求在相应位置涂黑;如要更正,先用橡皮擦干净。
4.标准答题卡不可折叠,同时必须保持平整干净,以利评分。
5.听力考试只放一遍录音,每道题后有15秒左右的答题时间。
Paper OnePart I Listening comprehension(30%)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversions between twospeakers. At the end of eachconversion, you will hear a questionabout what is said. The question willbe read only once. After you hear thequestion, read the four possibleanswers marked A, B, C and D.Choose the best answer and markthe letter of your choice on theANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day.Question: What’s the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick.B. She was bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerA BCDNow let’s begin with question Number 1.1.A. She’s looking for a gift.B. She needs a new purse.C. She’s going to give a birthday party.D. She wants to go shopping with her mom.2.A. She hears noises in her ears day andnight.B. She has been overworking for a longtime.C. Her right ear, hurt in an accident, istroubling her.D. Her ear rings are giving her trouble dayand night.3.A. He’ll go to see Mr. White at 10:30tomorrow.B. He’d like to make an earlierappointment.C. He’d like to cancel the appointment.D. He’d like to see another dentist.4.A. 8:00 B. 8:15 C.8:40 D. 8:455.A. In a hotel. B.At a fast food bar.C. In the supermarket.D.In the department store.6.A. To resign right away.B.To work one more day as chairman.C.T o think twice before he make the decision.D.T o receive further training upon hisresignation.7.A. She didn’t do anything in particular.B.She send a wounded person to the ER.C.S he had to work in the ER.D.S he went skiing.8.A. A customs officer. B.The man’s mother.C. A school headmaster.D.An immigration officer.9.A. It feels as if the room is going around.B.It feels like a kind of unsteadiness.C.I t feels as if she is falling down.D.I t feels as if she is going around.10. A. John has hidden something in the tree.B.John himself should be blamed.C.J ohn has a dog that barks a lot.D.J ohn is unlucky.11. A. The chemistry homework is difficult.B.The chemistry homework is fun.C.T he math homework is difficult.D.T he math homework is fun.12. A. His backache. B.His broken leg.C. His skin problem.D.His eye condition.13. A. Whooping cough, smallpox andmeasles.B.Whooping cough, chickenpox and measles.C.W hooping cough, smallpox and Germanmeasles.D.W hooping cough, chickenpox and Germanmeasles.14. A. Saturday morning. B.Saturday night.C. Saturday afternoon.D.Next weekend.15. A. He’s lost his notebook.B.His handwriting is messy.C.H e’ll miss class latter this week.D.H e cannot make it for his appointment.Section BDirections: In this section you will hear one conversion and two passages, after each of which, youwill hear five questions. After eachquestion, read the four possibleanswers marked A, B, C and D.Choose the best answer and markthe letter of your choice on theANSWER SHEET.Conversation16. A. He is having a physical checkup.B.He has just undergone an operation.C.H e has just recovered from an illness.D.H e will be discharged from the hospital thisafternoon.17. A. He got an infection in the lungs.B.He had his gallbladder inflamed.C.H e was suffering from influenza.D.H e had developed a big kidney tone.18. A. A lot better. B.Terribly awful.C. Couldn’t be better.D.Okay, but a bit weak.19. A. To be confined to a wheelchair.B.To stay indoors for a complete recovery.C.T o stay in bed and drink a lot of water.D.T o move about and enjoy the sunshine.20. A. From 4 pm to 6 pm. B.From 5 pm to 7 pm.C. From 6 pm to 8 pm.D.From 7 pm to 9 pm.Passage One21. A. The link between weight loss and sleepdeprivation.B.The link between weight gain and sleepdeprivation.C.T he link between weight loss and physicalexercise.D.T he link between weight gain and physicalexercise.22. A. More than 68,000. B.More than 60,800.C. More than 60,080.D.More than 60,008.23. A. Sever-hour sleepers gained moreweight over time than 5-hour ones.B.Five-hour sleepers gained more weight overtime than 7-hour ones.C.S hort-sleepers were 15% more likely tobecome obese.D.S hort-sleepers consumed fewer caloriesthan long sleepers.24. A. Overeating among the sleep-deprived.B.Little exercise among the sleep-deprived.C.L ower metabolic rate resulting from lesssleep.D.H igher metabolic rate resulting from lesssleep.25. A. Exercise every day. B.Take diet pills.C. Go on a diet.D.Sleep more.Passage Two26. A. She is too hard on me.B.She asks too many questions.C.S he is always considerate of my feelings.D.S he is the meanest mother in theneighborhood.27. A. A university instructor.B. A teaching assistant.C. A phD student.D. A psychiatrist.28. A. They usually say no.B.They usually say yes.C.T hey usually wait and see.D.T hey usually refuse to say anything.29. A. They are overconfident.B.Their brains grow too fast.C.T hey are psychologically dependent.D.T heir brains are still immature in someareas.30. A. Be easy on your teen.B.Try to be mean to your teen.C.S ay no to your teen when necessary.D.D on’t care about your teen’s feelings.Part II Vocabulary (10%)Section ADirections: In this section all the statementsare incomplete, beneath each ofwhich are four words or phrasesmarked A, B, C and D. Choosethe word or phrase that can bestcomplete the statement andmark the letter of your choiceon the ANSWER SHEET.31. A number of black youths have complained of being by thepolice.A. harassedB. distractedC. sentencedD. released32. He rapidly became with his own power in the team.A. irrigatedB. irradiatedC. streetlightD. torchlight33. Throughout his political career he has always been in the .A. twilightB. spotlightC. streetlightD. torchlight34. We that diet is related to most types of cancer but we don’t have definite proof.A. suspendB. superveneC. superviseD. suspect35. A patient who is dying of incurablecancer of the throat is in terrible pain,which can no longer besatisfactorily .A. alleviatedB. abolishedC. demolishedD. diminished36. The television station is supported byfrom foundations and other sources.A. donationsB. pensionsC. advertisementsD. accounts37. More legislation is needed to protectthe property rights of thepatent.A. integrativeB. intellectualC. intelligentD.intelligible38. Officials are supposed tothemselves to the welfare and healthof the general public.A. adaptB. confineC.commit D. assess39. You should stop yourcondition and do something about it.A. drawing onB. touching onC. leaning onD. dwelling on40. The author of the book has shown hisremarkably keen into humannature.A. perspectiveB. dimensionC. insightD. reflectionSection BDirections: In this section each of the following sentences has a wordor phrase underlined, beneathwhich are four words or phrase.Choose the word or phrasewhich can best keep the meaningof the original sentence if it issubstituted for the underlinedpart. Then mark the letter ofyour choice on the ANSWERSHEET.41.The chemical was found to be detrimentalto human health.A. toxicB. immuneC.sensitive D. allergic42.It will be a devastating blow for thepatient, if the clinic closes.A. permanentB. desperateC. destructiveD. sudden43.He kept telling us about his operation inthe most graphic detail.A. verifiableB. explicitC. preciseD. ambiguous44.The difficult case tested the ingenuity ofeven the most skillful physician.A. credibilityB. commitmentC. honestyD. talent45.He left immediately on the pretext that hehad to catch a train.A. claimB. clueC. excuseD. talent46.The nurse was filled with remorse of notbelieving her .A. anguishB. regretC. apologyD. grief47.The doctor tried to find a tactful way oftelling her the truth.A. delicateB. communicativeC. skillfulD. considerate48.Whether a person likes a routine office jobor not depends largely on temperament.A. dispositionB. qualificationC. temptationD. endorsement49.The doctor ruled out Friday’s surgery forthe patient’s unexpected complications.A. confirmedB. facilitatedC. postponedD. cancelled50.It is not easy to remain tranquil whenevents suddenly change your life.A. cautiousB. motionlessC. calmD. alertPart III Cloze(10%)Directions: In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks. For eachblank, there are four choice markedA, B, C and D listed on the right side.Choose the best answer and markthe letter of your choice on theANSWER SHEET.Experts say about 1% of young women in the United States are almost starving themselves today. They are suffering from a sickness called anorexia.These young women have an abnormal fear of getting fat. They 51 starve themselves so they weigh at 15% less than their normalweight.The National Institute of Mental Health says one 52 ten cases of anorexia leads to serious medical problems. These patients can die from heart failure or the disease can lead young women to 53 themselves. For example, former gymnast Christy Henrich died at age 22. She weighed only 61 pounds.A person with anorexia first develops joint and muscle problems. There is a lack of iron in the blood. 54 the sickness progresses, a young woman’s breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure rates slow down. The important substance calcium is 55 from the bones, something causing bones to break. Sometimes the brain gets smaller, causing changes in 56 a person thinks and acts. Scientists say many patients have further mental and emotional problems. They have 57 opinions about themselves. They feel helpless. Their attempts to become extremely thin may 58 efforts to take control of their lives. They may becomedependent on illegal drugs. Some people also feel the need to continually repeat a(n) 59 . For example, they may repeatedly wash their hands although their hands are clean.Anorexia is a serious eating 60 .If it is not treated on time, it can be fatal.51. A. specifically B. purposelyC. particularlyD. passionately52. A. from B. ofC. atD. in53. A. kill B. starveC. abuseD. worsen54. A. When B. WhileC. AsD. Since55. A. lost B. derivedC. generatedD. synthesized56. A. what B. whyC. howD. which57. A. good B. highC. lowerD. poor58. A. represent B. makeC. presentD. exert59. A. medication B. illusionC. motionD. action60. A. habit B. behaviorC. disorderD. patternPart IV Reading Comprehension(30%)Direction: In this part there are six passages, each of which is followed by fivequestions. For each question thereare four possible answers marked A,B, C and D. Choose the best answerand mark the letter of your choice onthe ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneChildren should avoid using mobile phones for all but essential calls because of possible health effects on young brains. This is one of the expected conclusions of an official government report to be published this week. The report is expected to call for the mobilephone industry to refrain from promoting phone use by children, and to start labeling phones with data on the amount of radiation they emit.The Independent Expert Group on Mobile Phones, chaired by former government chief scientist William Stewart, has spent eight months reviewing existing scientific evidence on all aspects of the health effects of using mobile phones. Its report is believed to conclude that because we don’t fully understand the nonthermal effects of radiation on human tissue, the government should adopt a precautionary approach, particularly in relation to children.There is currently no evidence that mobile phones harm users or people living near transmitter masts. But some studies show that cell-phones operating at radiation levels within current safety limits do have some sort of biological effect on the brain.John Tattersall, a researcher on the health effects of radiation at the Defense Evaluation and Research Agency’s site at Porton Down,agrees that it might be wise to limit phone use by children. “If you have a developing nervous system, it’s known to be more susceptible to environmental insults,”he says,“So if phones did prove to be hazardous——which they haven’t yet ——it would be sensible.”In 1998, Tattersall showed that radiation levels similar to those emitted by mobile phones could alter signals from brain cells in slices of rat brain, “What we’ve found is an effect, but we don’t know if it’s hazardous,” he says.Alan Preece of the University of Bristol, who found last year that microwaves increase reaction times in test subjects, agreed that children’s exposure would be greater. “There’s a lot less tissue in the way, and the skill is thinner, so children’s heads are considerably closer,” he says.Stewart’s report is likely to recommend that the current British safety standards on energy emissions from cell-phones should be cut to the level recommended by the InternationalCommission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, which is one-fifth of the current British limit. “The extra safety factor of five is somewhat arbitrary,” says Michael Clark of the National Radiological Protection Board. “But we accept that it’s difficult for the UK to have different standards from an international body.”61. Just because it has not been confirmed yetwhether mobile phone emissions can harmhuman tissue, according to thegovernment report, does not meanthat .A. the government should prohibitchildren from using cell-phonesB. we should put down the phone for thesake of safetyC. the industry can have a right topromote phone useD. children are safe using cell-phones62. Tattersall argues that it is wise to refrainmobile phone use by children in termsof .A. their neural developmentB. their ill-designed cell-phonesC. the frequency of their irrational useD. their ignorance of its possible healtheffects63. On the issue in question,Preece .A. does not agree with TattersallB. tries to remove the obstacles in thewayC. asks for further investigationD. would stand by Stewart64. What is worrisome at present is that theUK .A. is going to turn deaf ears to the voiceof Stesart’s planB. finds it difficult to cut the currentsafety standards on phone useC. maintains different standards onsafety limit from the international onesD. does not even impose safety limit onthe mobile phones’ energy emissions65.Which of the following can bi the best candidate for the title of the passage?A . Brain WaveB. For Adults OnlyC. Catch Them YoungD. The Answer in the AirPassage TwoAdvances in cosmetic dentistry and plastic surgery have made it possible to correct facial birth defects, repair damaged teeth and tissue, and prevent or greatly delay the onset of tooth decay and gum disease. As a result, more people smile more often and more openly today than ever in the past, and we can expect more smiles in the future.Evidence of the smile’s ascent may be seen infamous paintings in museums and galleries throughout the world. The vast majority of prosperous bigwigs(要人),voluptuous nudes, or middle-class family members in formal portraits and domestic scenes appear to have their mouths firmly closed. Soldiers in battle, children at play, beggars, old people, and especially villains may have their mouths open; but their smiles are seldom attractive, and more often suggest strain or violence than joy.Smiles convey a wide range of meanings in different eras and cultures, says art historian Angus Trumble, currently curator(馆长)of Yale University’s Center for British Art, in his book A Brief History of the Smile. Compare, for instance, the varying impressions made by the shy dimples(酒窝)of Leonardo’s Mona Lisa; the rosy-cheeked, mustachioed Laughing Cavalier of Frans Hals; and the”Smiley Face”logo perfected(though not invented)in 1963 by American graphic artist Harvey R.Ball.In some non-Western cultures, Trumblenotes, even a warm, open smile does not necessarily indicate pleasure or agreement. It can simply be a polite mask to cover emotions considered too rude or shocking to bi openly displayed.Subtle differences in muscle movement can convey enormous differences in emotion, from the tranquility of bronze Buddhas, to the erotic bliss of couples entwined in stone on Hindu temples, to the fierce smirk(假笑)of a guardian demon at the entrance to a Chinese tomb.Trumble expects the impact of Western medicine and mass media to further increase the pressure on people to grin broadly and laugh openly in public.”Faint smiles are increasingly thought of in scientific and psychological circles as something that falls short of the true smile ,”and therefore suggest insincerity or lack of enthusiasm, he says.With tattooing, boby piercing, and permanent cosmetics already well established as fashion trends, one can imagine tomorrow’sbeauty shops adding plastic surgeons and dentists to their staffs. These comer-store cosmeticians would offer style makeovers to reshape our lips, teeth, and jawlines to mimic the signature smile of one’s favorite celebrity.What can you say to that except”Have a nice day?”66. Had it not been for cosmetic advances, as inferred from the passage, .A . people would not have been as happy as they are todayB. the rate of facial birth defect would not have declinedC . there would not have been many more open smilesD. we would not have seen smiling faces in public67. According to the passage, it seems thatwhether there is a smile or not in theportraits or pictures is decidedby .A. one’s internal sense of the external worldB . one’s identity or social positionC . one’s times of existenceD . All of the above68. Trumble’s study on smiles shows that .A. an open smile can serve as a cover-upB . the famous portraits radiate varying smilesC. even the human muscles can arouse varying emotionsD. smiles can represent misinterpretations of different eras and cultures69. What Trumble expects to see is .A. the increasing tendency of broad grins and open smiles in publicB . further impact of Western medicine upon non-Western culturesC. a wider range of meanings to be conveyed by smilesD. more of sincerity and enthusiasm in public70 . At the end of the passage, the author implicates .A. a fortune to come with cosmetic advancesB . an identical smile for everybobyC . future changes in life styleD . the future of smilesPassage ThreeAdolf Hitler survived an assassination attempt in 1944 with the lamp of penicillin made by the Allies, a microbiologist in the UK claims. If the Nazi leader had died from bacterial infection of his many wounds, the Second World War might have been over a year earlier, saving millions of lives, says Milton Wainwright of the University of Sheffield, a noted historian ofmicrobiology.In a paper to be published soon in Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, Wainwright reveals first-hand evidence that Hitler was treated with penicillin by his personal doctor, Theo Morrell, following an assassination attempt in which a bomb in a suitcase exploded next to Hitler’s desk. Hitler was badly hurt, fleeing the scene with his hair and trousers on fire, a badly bleeding arm and countless wooden splinter wounds from the oak table that probably saved his life.Wainwright found confirmation that Morrell gave Hitler antibiotics as a precaution in a recent translation of Morrell’s own diary. “I happened to be reading it for interest when the word penicillin jumped out at me,” he says. He then set about trying to establish where Morrell might have got the drug.At the time, penicillin was available only to the Allies. German and Czechoslovakian teams had tried without much success to make it,Wainwright says, but the small quantities that were available were weak and impure. “It’s g enerally accepted that it was no good,”says Wainwright.He reasons that Morrell would only have risked giving Hitler penicillin to prevent infections if he were confident that the antibiotic would cure, not kill the German premier. “My research shows that Morrell, in a very dodgy(危险的) position as Hitler’s doctor, would only have used pure stuff.”And the only reliable penicillin was that made by the Allies. So where did Morrell get it?Wainwright’s investigations revealed that Allied airmen carried penicillin, so the Germans may have confiscated some from prisoners of war. The other more likely source is from neutral countries such Spain, which received penicillin from Allied countries for humanitarian purposes, perhaps for treating sick children.“I have proof the Allies were sending it tothese countries,”says Wainwright. “I’m saying this would have got through in diplomatic bags, reaching Hitler’s doctor and the higher echelons(阶层)of the Nazi party. So this was almost certainly pure, Allied penicillin.”“We can never be certain it saved Hitler’s life,” says Wainwright. But he notes that one of Hitler’s henchmen(死党),Reinhard Heydrich, died from blood poisoning after surviving a car-bomb assassination attempt. “Hair from his seat went into his wounds and gave him septicemia,”says Wainwright. Morrell may have been anxious to ensure that Hitler avoided the same fate.71. According to Wainwright, Adolf Hitler .A. might have used biological weapons in the warB. could not have committed suicide as confirmedC. could have died of bacterial infectionD. might have survived a bacterial plague72. Following his assassination in 1944, Adolf Hitler .A. began to exercise precautions against his personal attacksB. was anxious to have penicillin developed in his countryC. received an jinjection of penicillin for blood poisoningD. was suspected of being likely to get infected73. As Wainwright reasons, H itler’s personal doctor .A. cannot have dared to prescribe German-made penicillin to himB. need not have used pure antibiotic for his suspect infectionC. would have had every reason to assassinate himD. must have tried to produce penicillin74. Wainwright implies that the Third Reich .A. met the fate of collapse as expectedB. butchered millions of lives on the earthC. was severely struck by bacterial plaguesD. did have channels to obtain pure penicillin75.Whichof the following can be the best title for the passage?A.HowHitler Manage to Survive Assassination Attempts?B.Morrell Loyal to His German Primier?C.HitlerSaved by Allied Drugs?D.Penicillin Abused in German?Passage FourGet ready for a new kind of machine at your local gym: one that doesn’t involve huffing and puffing as you burn off calories. Instead, all you have to do is stand still for 30 seconds while the machine measures your body fat. It could then tell you exactly where you could do with losing a few pounds and even advise you on exercises for your problem areas. If the body fat scanner turns out to be accurate enough, its makers hope it could one day help doctors spot disease.The scanner works by simultaneously building up an accurate 3D image of the body, while measuring the body’s effect on an electromagnetic field. Combining the two measurements allows the researchers to work out the distribution of fat and water within. Neither method is new on its own, says Henri Tapp, at the Institute of Food Research in Norwich in the UK. “The smart thing is that we’ve put them in one machine.”And it’s not just for gym users. The body fat scanner could be used to study fat deposition as children develop, while patients recover from injury, or during pregnancy. And since it uses radio waves rather than X-rays, Tapp’s device is safe to use repeatedly.Body shape is known to be a risk indicator for heart disease and diabetes. So accurately quantifying fat distribution could help doctors suggest preventive measures to patients before problems arise. At the moment, doctors estimate fat content from knowing body volume and water content. To a good approximation, says Tapp, anything that isn’t fat is water. The amount of water in the body is often measured by giving the subject a drink of water that contains a radioactive tracer. The level of tracer in the patient's urine after three hours reveals the total water volume.To find out a body’s volume, subjects are weighed while totally submerged in water, and this is subtracted from their normal weight togive the weight of water displaced, and hence the subject’s volume. But it is scarcely practical for seriously ill people.There are other ways to directly measure body fat, such as passing a minuscule current between the wrists and feet. The overall fat content can then be estimated from the body’s resistance. But this method doesn’t take body shape into account ——so a subject with particularly skinny legs might register a higher fat content than the true value. That’s because skinny legs—with a lower cross-sectional area——will present higher resistance to current. So the machine thinks the water content of the body is lower——rating the subject as fatter. Also, the system can only give an overall measurement of fat.Tapp’s method uses similar calculations, but is more sophisticated because it tells you where you are piling on the pounds.76. The new machine is designed .A. to picture the body’s hidden fatB. to identify those at risk for obesityC. to help clinically treat specific casesD. to measure accurately risky obesity-related effects77. The beauty of the device, according to Tapp, is that .A. it performs a dual functionB. it is of great accuracy in measurementC. it has significant implications in clinical practiceD. it contributes to the evolution of human anatomy78.Which of the following, according to the passage, does the machine have the potential to spare?A. A minuscule current.B. A radioactive tracer.C. A water tank.D. All of the above.79.In comparison with the techniques mentioned in the passage, the body fat scanner . A. quickens the pace of the patient’s rehabilitationB. is highly appreciated for its safetyC. features its measuring precisionD. is easy to operate in the clinic80.For scanning, all the subject has to do is .A. take up a form of workout in the gymB. turn round the body fat scannerC. lie on the electromagnetic fieldD. sand in the systemPassage FiveThere is currently abroad a new wave of appreciation for breadth of knowledge. Curricula at universalities and colleges and。
中山大学外科学(普外科)2008,2010,2012--2014,2017,2019年考博真题
6、简述手臂洗手消毒后为何还需戴消毒手套?
7、什么是BMI?如何测算及对营养状态诊断的标准?
8、包茎可能带来那些危害?
二、问答题:(选所报专业)
(普通外科)
--16、胆囊癌的Nevin分期以及手术方法。
--17、PPH的概念、原理、手术适应症及优点。
8外科真菌感染因素和抗真菌药物
9切口裂开预防
10黑色素瘤的临床表现
11CEA.AFP.CA199.CA125.PSA,中文名称及诊断价值
12门脉高压非手术治疗及贲门血管离断理由
13低渗性缺水的原因
14乳腺癌分子分型及治疗建议
15胃癌根治原则,根治划分,远端胃癌根治切除范围
16慢性胰腺炎手术指征,手术原则,手术方式。
5.心脏疾病可增加病人术后死亡的风险,Goldman指数哪两项得分最高?
6.临床诊疗过程中如何预防潜在的HIV感染?
7. SIRS的中英文全名及诊断的临床指标?
8.伤口按表现不同如何分类?手术切口愈合如何分级?试举例说明。
9. Crohn disease外科治疗适应症及手术原则?
10.下肢深静脉血栓非手术治疗方法?
11. PEG中英文全称及适应症?
12.如何评价目前外科治疗甲状腺功能亢进症?
二、选答题(20’)
普通外科
1.肝门部胆管癌的Bismuth-Corlett分型及手术方法选择?(10’)
2. TME的概念及手术原则?(10’)
中山大学
2012年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目:外科学(普外科)
注意:所有答案一律写在答题纸上,写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
(整理)昆医二临外科学试题库三
2010昆医二临外科学试题库III1、精索扭转 aA、多发生在青春期男孩B、是良性情况不需治疗C、可由睾丸炎引起D、上述都是E、上述都不是2、妇女由于多次分娩或产伤所致的膀胱支持组织和盆底松弛所发生的尿失禁是以下哪一类型:bA、充溢性尿失禁B、压力性尿失禁C、急迫性尿失禁D、真性尿失禁E、以上均不对3、于多次分娩或产伤所致的膀胱支持组织和盆底松弛所发生的尿失禁是以下哪一类型: bA、充溢性尿失禁B、压力性尿失禁C、急迫性尿失禁D、真性尿失禁4、终末血尿提示病变在 dA、前尿道B、肾C、输尿管D、后尿道、膀胱颈或三角区E、以上都不是5、关于肾盂造影下列哪些说法错误 eA、排泄性肾盂造影就是静脉肾盂造影B、逆行性尿路造影即上行肾盂造影C、静脉肾盂造影可了解肾盂形态、病变及功能,但不如逆行造影清楚D、造影前做过敏试验E、逆行性肾盂造影主要是了解肾分泌功能6、排泄性尿路造影前哪项准备是必要的 dA、肾功能检查B、灌肠C、ECGD、碘过敏试验E、B.超7、尿三杯试验,第一杯尿液异常常提示病变部位在dA、膀胱颈、后尿道或三角区B、膀胱及以上C、肾脏D、尿道E、输尿管8、按法制单位,18F金属尿道探子直径为 bA、5mmB、6mmC、.7mmD、8mmE、9mm9、每日(24小时)尿量少于下列哪项为少尿:cA、100mlB、200mlC、400mlD、800mlE、600ml10、新鲜尿沉渣中每高倍镜有红细胞多少个以上称为镜下血尿 cA、1B、2C、3D、4E、511、1000ml尿液中混入多少ml血液即可呈肉眼血尿?AA、1B、2C、3D、4E、512、前列腺增生所致尿潴留病人,常出现哪种类型的尿失禁:aA、充溢性尿失禁B、压力性尿失禁C、急迫性尿失禁D、真性尿失禁E、以上均是13、尿培养发现结核杆菌,下列哪项检查对进一步诊治最有意义 eA、24h尿沉渣找到抗酸杆菌B、KUBC、附睾活检D、膀胱镜检查E、排泄性尿路造影(IVU)14、尿细菌培养菌落计数超过100000/ml可以认为是:cA、可疑尿路感染B、泌尿系结核C、确诊泌尿系感染D、标本污染E、没有临床意义15、有助于急性附睾炎区别于睾丸扭转的是:eA、阴囊肿块B、阴囊部疼痛C、发热D、血常规检查白细胞增加E、多谱勒超声检查显示睾丸血流增加16、一侧肾结核无功能,对侧肾积水,其治疗原则决定于 dA、尿频尿急的程度B、血尿的程度C、全身症状D、积水侧肾功能E、有无挛缩膀胱17、下述泌尿系统哪种疾病的病理改变主要在肾脏,而临床表现主要在膀胱dA、肾肿瘤B、肾脏鹿角结石C、多囊肾D、泌尿系结核E、急性肾盂肾炎18、肾结核的感染途径多是: aA、血行感染B、上行感染C、淋巴感染D、直接感染E、接触感染19、肾周围脓肿的治疗,下列哪项最重要: cA、应用敏感抗菌素B、全身支持疗法C、切开引流D、穿刺抽吸脓液E、中药外敷治疗20、通过哪项简易检查即可初步诊断泌尿系感染?CA、膀胱镜检查B、排泄性尿路造影C、尿常规D、中段尿培养E、KUB.21、急性尿路感染时为尽早正确用药,主要根据下列哪一项? EA、尿常规B、尿细菌培养C、尿细菌培养+菌落计数D、尿细菌培养+菌落计数+药敏试验E、尿沉渣涂片、革兰染色估计致病菌种类22、肾脏感染需行外科手术治疗的是 dA、急性肾盂肾炎B、慢性肾盂肾炎C、急性肾皮质炎D、肾积脓E、急性肾周围炎23、肾结核最主要症状为 bA、全程血浆B、慢性进行性膀胱刺激症状C、脓尿D、全身结核中毒症状E、肾绞痛24、长期脓尿伴膀胱刺激症状,普通抗生素治疗无效时应考虑 eA、泌尿系肿瘤B、慢性膀胱炎C、慢性前列腺炎D、肾结石E、肾结核25、下列哪种疾病最易发生膀胱挛缩 eA、膀胱结石B、慢性膀胱炎C、尿道狭窄继发泌尿系感染D、膀胱挫伤E、泌尿系结核26、左肾结核患者,IVU示左肾无功能,右输尿管结石一枚13cm大小,右肾轻度积水,全身无尿毒症表现,宜先作何处理? EA、切除无功能左肾B、引流右肾积水C、立即输尿管切开取石D、抗痨治疗,等待结石排出E、抗痨治疗下处理输尿管结石27、关于泌尿系对感染的防御机制,下列哪项是错误的?EA、尿道口"正常菌群"能对致病菌起抑制作用B、膀胱的排尿活动将细菌冲刷出去C、尿路上皮细胞分泌的粘液有抗菌作用D、输尿管口有阻止致病菌上行的作用E、尿液碱化能抑制致病菌生长28、女性,35岁,左肾结核无功能,右肾轻度积水,膀胱容量正常,双上肺浸润性肺结核,目前治疗是:eA、左肾切除B、左肾部分切除C、左肾造瘘D、右肾造瘘E、抗痨治疗29、尿培养菌落计数大于多少时可确诊尿路感染 cA、103/mlB、104/mlC、105/mlD、106/mlE、107/ml30、单纯使用抗结核药物治疗肾结核指征为 dA、静脉肾盂造影一侧不显影B、静脉肾盂造影显示一侧肾广泛严重破坏C、肾结核并有膀胱挛缩D、早期肾结核肾盂造影显示病变轻微或范围局限E、一侧肾严重钙化31、前列腺增生症过多的残余尿可使膀胱失去收缩能力,膀胱过度充盈使少量尿从尿道口不自主流出,应属于: dA、压力性尿失禁B、真性尿失禁C、急迫性尿失禁D、充溢性尿失禁E、输尿管开口异位32、65岁男性,进行性排尿困难3年,曾4次发生尿潴留,肛门指检前列腺三度增大,软有弹性,残余尿150ml,血压140/85mmHg,心肺功能正常,最好的治疗方法是 bA、留置导尿管B、TURPC、膀胱造瘘D、前列腺根治性切除E、双侧睾丸切除加放疗33、前列腺术后下列哪项有误 eA、病人多为老年人应注意其他系统疾病引起的意外B、保持尿管通畅C、按时冲洗膀胱必要时可连续点滴冲洗D、渗湿的敷料应及时变换E、术后5日可由肛管排便或灌肠34、诊断前列腺增生最简单可行的办法是eA、超声波探查B、残余尿量测定C、膀胱造影D、膀胱镜检E、肛门指检35、某男,65岁,尿频,夜尿3~4次,尿常规检查脓细胞0~1/HP,血压186/106kPA,ECG 正常,尿素氮714mmol/L,残余尿量100ml,肛诊前列腺4X 4cm,中间沟消失,光滑,治疗应行dA、己烯雌酚B、导尿C、膀胱造瘘D、前列腺手术E、睾丸切除36、前列腺增生病人患急性尿潴留,首先处理bA、导尿一次拔除尿管B、导尿并保留尿管C、膀胱穿刺D、金属导尿管导尿E、膀胱造瘘37、前列腺增生症下列哪种症状最先出现 aA、尿频和夜尿次数增多B、尿线变细C、尿滴沥D、假性尿失禁E、急性尿潴留38、前列腺增生最主要症状是 dA、尿频B、尿潴留C、血尿D、进行性排尿困难E、尿失禁39、前列腺增生症病人最初出现的症状是:cA、排尿困难B、尿潴留C、尿频D、尿失禁E、血尿40、前列腺肥大所致尿路梗阻,严重程度与何因素有关 aA、前列腺肥大部分的位置B、前列腺肥大的程度C、年龄D、感染E、伴膀胱结石41、老年男性病人进行性排尿困难,最可能的原因是 bA、前列腺癌B、前列腺增生C、膀胱颈纤维增生D、膀胱结石E、尿道狭窄42、某患者双侧肾盂输尿管交界处梗阻,B超检查显示左肾重度积水,右肾轻度积水;排泄性尿路造影显示左肾不显影,右肾轻度积水,血肾功能正常,当前的处理应是:aA、左肾造瘘B、右肾造瘘C、去除病因D、左肾切除E、右肾切除43、能缩小前列腺体积的药物是 dA、哈乐B、特拉唑嗪C、前列康D、5α还原酶抑制剂E、哌唑嗪44、5岁,双侧隐睾症最好治疗方案为 cA、绒毛膜促性腺激素治疗B、青春期前行手术治疗C、双侧睾丸下降固定术D、先试用促性腺澈素治疗,无效则作睾丸松解固定术E、睾丸酮治疗45、隐睾如不下降,最适宜的手术年龄是 aA、2岁以前B、7~9岁C、10~12岁D、15岁E、发育以后46、异位睾丸最通常位置是 dA、会阴B、骨盆中C、股三角D、腹股沟管表面E、阴茎47、诊断尿路结石首选X线检查是: dA、逆行肾盂造影B、静脉肾盂造影C、肾动脉造影D、尿路平片E、肾周注气造影48、下列哪项血尿应先考虑肾输尿管结石: cA、无痛性全程血尿B、终末血尿C、活动后血尿D、初期血尿E、严重血尿伴血凝块49、下列哪项检查不能显示阴性结石: eA、B超B、CTC、排泄性尿路造影D、逆行肾盂造影E、KUB.50、KUB示左侧输尿管上段结石,右侧输尿管壁内段结石,IVU示左侧15分钟显影,右侧30分钟不显影,血肌苷82μmol/L怎样处理 bA、先处理左侧输尿管上段结石B、先处理右侧输尿管壁内段结石C、先透析D、留置导尿管E、予以解痉、排石药物51、肾输尿管结石最突出的症状是 aA、腰腹疼痛B、血尿C、脓尿D、肾脏肿大E、高热52、某患者左腰痛,无尿3天,KUB示左输尿管下段及右输尿管上段各有结石一枚,直径12cm 大小。
昆明医科大学分子生物学2011年考博真题试卷
3. single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP)、copy number variant(CNV)
4. oxidative stress、reactive oxygen species(ROS)
二、与原核生物基因组相比,人类基因组在结构上有什么特点?与DNA损伤修复障碍相关的疾病有哪些?(10分)
昆明医科大学
医学考博真题试卷
攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
昆明医科大学
2011年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目:分子生物学
注意:所有答案一律写在答题纸上,写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、写出下列英文的中文全称(每个1分,共10分):
1. sபைடு நூலகம்RNA、miRNA、mt rRNA
2. GPCR、cGMP、STAT
三、肿瘤细胞最基本特征是细胞的失控性增生,其中重要过程是原癌基因(proto-on-cogene)的活化,说明原癌基因活化的分子机制。(20分)
四、比较PCR技术与体内活细胞中DNA半保留复制的异同点。(20分)
五、分别说明功能基因组学(functional genomics)和蛋白质组学(proteomics)的研究内容和方法。(20分)
昆明医科大学外科学考试题(各论)
昆明医学院第一临床学院外科学考试题(各论 A 卷)(临床,麻醉,眼视光,肿瘤,影像)一、单选题:(每题 1 分)1、急性颅内压增高的主要代偿机理是A.脑脊液分泌减少,吸收增加B.颅缝分离C.脑组织体积减少D.脑脊液向脊髓的蛛网膜下腔转移E.脑血流量减少2、枕骨大孔疝时应立即进行:A.手术治疗B.快速静滴高渗性脱水药物C.腰穿放出脑脊液D.脑室穿刺E.脑室造影3、一头部外伤病人,X 线拍片示枕骨骨折,CT 检查后窝有血肿量约20ml 。
在术前准备过程中,突然呼吸停止,昏迷,临床上称此表现:A.小脑幕切迹疝B.大脑镰下疝C.枕大孔疝D.颞叶钩回疝E.扣带回疝4、脑外伤后脑受压最有意义的早期临床表现是:A.癫痫发作B.血压脉搏,呼吸改变C.定位体征D.瞳孔变化E•头痛,呕吐,进行性意识障碍5、甲状腺性肿瘤中,哪种病理类型恶性度最低:A .甲状腺瘤恶变 B. 乳头状腺癌C .滤泡状腺癌D.未分化癌E.髓样癌6、碘剂用于甲状腺功能亢进的术前准备,主要在于:A.改善心脏功能•、B.使甲状腺减少充血,缩小变硬C.使甲状腺血流增加D.抑制促甲状腺素分泌E.抑制甲状腺素的合成7、女性,28 岁,因弥漫性甲状腺肿伴甲亢而行甲状腺大部切除术后,呼吸困难烦躁不安,发绀,颈部肿胀,应立即采取下列哪项措施:A.吸痰B.吸氧C.人工呼吸D.敞开伤口,清除血肿,必要时气管切开E.静脉滴注氢化可的松,蒸汽吸入8、结节性甲状腺肿的手术适应征是:A.在压迫症状B.胸骨后甲状腺肿C.继发功能亢进D.疑有恶变E.以上都是9、胸外伤10小时,右侧胸大面积反常呼吸已加压包扎,胸片见右第3-8 肋骨折,未见血气胸征象,患者咳嗽无力,痰咳不出,双肺痰鸣,此时应:A.右胸闭式引流B.给祛痰剂C.肋间神经阻滞或骨折处封闭D.鼓励病人起床活动E.气管内吸痰或气管切开10、女性患者,16 岁,咳嗽,胸闷高热半个月,右胸部扣诊实音,右肺呼吸音弱,胸片示右胸中等积液,右侧胸穿出灰白稀薄脓汁200ml ,其最佳处理方案是:A.胸腔闭式引流(肋间法)B.胸腔闭式引流(截肋法)C•抗炎治疗D.继续胸腔穿刺抽脓E.营养支持治疗11、食管癌的早期症状是:A.进食后呛咳B.胸骨后隐痛C.吞咽困难D.持续胸背痛E.进食后呕吐12、52岁男患,进行性吞咽困难三个月,食管吞钡X线透视示食管中段一长约3cm的管壁僵硬,黏膜断裂,并有一小的龛影,此病例最可能的诊断是:A.食管癌B.食管炎C.贲门失弛缓症D.食管中段憩窒E.食管良性狭窄13、对纵隔肿瘤诊断有较大意义的是:A.病史B.症状C.体征D.X线检查E.剖腹探查14、中年女性40岁,平素健康,体检检查X线胸部,CT前纵隔肿块1X 6cm密度不均,其内有骨样组织结构,其最大可能是:A.胸腺瘤B.畸胎瘤C.淋巴源性肿瘤D.神经源性肿瘤E.心包囊肿15、缩窄性心包炎的主要病因是:A.大多数病因不明B.化脓性心包炎C.结核性感染D.血心包E.病毒性感染16、滑动性疝属于:A.易复性疝B.难复性疝C.Littre疝D.Richter疝E.逆行嵌顿疝17、男60 岁,右腹股沟可复性肿块5年,不能回纳伴疼痛4小时,右腹股沟扪及鸭蛋大小椭圆形肿块,无压痛,肠鸣音亢进,最可能的诊断A.难复性腹肌沟斜疝B•腹股沟淋巴结炎 C.腹股沟斜疝嵌顿D.腹股沟直疝E.精索鞘膜积液18、男,25岁,2小时前车祸撞伤上腹部,现面苍白,血压8/6kpa (60/45mmHg ),脉搏120次/分, 下列哪项检查最有诊断意义:A.急症血常规B.立位腹平片C.腹部B超D.腹部CTE.腹腔穿刺19、腹部损伤后,行腹腔穿刺,抽出不凝固血液,应考虑为:A.实质脏器破裂B.空腔脏器破裂C•前腹壁血肿D.腹膜后血肿E•误入血管20、腹部闭合性损伤后2小时,病人出现失血性休克时应:A.抗休克治疗,待休克好转及早手术B.抗休克治疗的同时迅速手术C.抗休克治疗待好转后可继续观察D.立即剖腹探查E.大量快速输血,观察变化21、腹部闭合性损伤,合并内出血病人,有明显压痛,肌紧张及反跳痛,诊断首先应考虑“A.脾破裂B.肝破裂C.十二指肠损伤D.胰损伤E.小肠损伤22、原发性腹膜炎与继发性腹膜炎的主要区别是:A.患者发病年龄不同B.导致腹膜炎的病因不同C.有无腹膜刺激征D.腹腔有无原发病灶E.有无发热等全身症状23、男性,25 岁,中午饭前在劳动时突发上腹刀割样疼痛,持续性,无放射痛,伴恶心呕吐。
2010年的昆明医科大口腔医学考研真题
2010年的昆明医科大口腔医学考研真题1、Border movment2、腮腺床二、填空(每空1分,共计30分)1、下颌运动有四个制约因素,即(1) 、(2) 、(3) 、(4) 。
2、髓腔的形态变化可分为(1) 变化和(2) 变化。
3、上颌骨位于颜面中部,左右各一,相互对称。
它与邻骨连接,参与(1) 底部,(2) 顶部、(3) 侧壁和底部、(4) 和翼腭窝、翼上颌裂和(5) 裂的构成。
4、下颌在作侧方运动时,髁状突的运动性质工作侧为(1) ,非工作侧为(2) 。
5、颈筋膜由浅入深为(1) 、(2) 、(3) 、(4) 、(5) 。
6、上颌中切牙的唇面形态分为:(1) 、(2) 、(3) 。
该牙由(4) 供血,淋巴回流至(5) ,支配神经为(6) 、(7) 。
7、行下颌支手术时,可以(1) 为标志,保护下牙槽神经血管。
8、在后牙牙合运循环中,以(1) 为重点,(2) 为支点,(3) 为主要动力点,形成第(4) 类杠杆。
三、简答题(每题15分)1、简述颌位及下颌三个基本颌位的概念以及它们之间的关系。
2、简述下颌下三角的组织层次及其内容物。
(报考专业学位者不答此题)四、病例分析(每题15分)某女性患者,50岁,因右眶下区麻木、进行性张口困难来院就诊。
检查:张口度为3mm;右眼球突出,复视;右眶下、颧部膨隆;右鼻阻塞,右眶下区痛觉减退。
CT检查显示右上颌窦充满肿物,上颌窦各骨壁均受破坏,肿物侵及右翼腭窝及颞下窝。
病理组织检查为上颌窦鳞癌。
请根据所掌握解剖学知识,试分析导致该患者上述症状及体征的原因。
(报考科学学位者不答此题)第二部分牙体牙髓病学、牙周病学、口腔粘膜病学试题(共计90分)一、名词解释:(每题3分,共15分)1、可复性牙髓炎2、上皮附着3、非附着性龈下菌斑4、窝洞5、疱二、填空题;(每空1分,共15分)1、研究表明,龋病发生的关键是菌斑的形成,菌斑是由基质和(1)构成,其中粘性的基质主要为细菌产生的(2),其作用是(3)。
第二军医大学外科学总论2012--2019年考博真题
2018年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目:外科总论
注意:所有答案一律写在答题纸上,写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、单选题20个(10分)
1.MODS最先最多累及器官(肺,肝,胃肠道,肾),
2.胸外按压的位置(胸骨上1/2,胸骨中下1/2,第四肋间,胸骨中下1/3),
3.腰麻常见不良反应
三.名词解释:2*5
1.SIRS
2.脓毒血症
3.MRSA
4.Damagecontrol surgery
5.CPCR
四.简答题:10*3
1.感染性休克的治疗原则
2.水电解质酸碱平衡的治疗原则
3.胃肠道手术病人的术前准备
五.病例分析题:15*1
一个气胸,肋骨骨折,血压低的病例分析:问诊断,治疗
第二军医大学
第二军医大学
2015年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目:外科学总论
注意:所有答案一律写在答题纸上,写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、选择题A型题单选40个,0.5分一个,多选题10个,1分1个。
二、名词解释8个,每个2分,全部英语
1、肠外营养
2、SIRS
3、二期愈合
4、MAC
三、简答题6个,每个6分
4.椎管内麻醉,最先阻滞的神经是:交感神经感觉神经运动神经
5.中脊髓麻醉平面是指:T4-T8
6.等渗性缺水常见的原因:胃肠道消化液的急性丢失
7.淋巴细胞毒试验超过多少不能移植:
8.关节手背部损伤应什么皮片移植:全厚皮片游离皮瓣带蒂皮瓣
9.武器伤的病理分区不包括:组织损伤区血肿形成区
10.Cushing反应是指:血压升高,心率呼吸减慢
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B.异丙肾上腺素
C.去甲肾上腺
D.间羟胺
4.上腹部出现顽固性呃逆,首先应想到的原因
A.膈下感染
B.腹膜后血肿刺激腹腔神经丛
C.手术造成膈神经损伤
D.粘连引起胃扭转
5.溶血性反应的治疗下列哪项是错误的:
A.使用抗组胺药物
B.保护肾功能
C.换血治疗
D.防治弥散性血管内凝血
6.烧伤创面出现焦痂下积脓,下列处理方法哪项不正确
一、单项选择题(每题2分,共20分)
1.杀灭芽胞细菌所需的温度和时间为:
A.高温1240C ,持续30分钟
B.高温1000C,持续20分钟
C.高温1200C,持续20分钟
D.高温1190C,持续20分钟
2.低钾血症时,心电图不应表现
A.出现u波
B.T波变宽
C.高而尖的T波
D.T波双向
3.循环骤停进行复苏时,最有效的药物是
二、论述题(20分)
肾癌及其转移可能出现的肾外临床症状有哪些?
胸心外科
一、简答题(10分)
Pancoast肿瘤(中文名,主要症状,影像特征和病理类型,治疗原则)
二、论述题(20分)
慢性缩窄性心包炎的主要病理变化和病理生理改变以及常用治疗的方法
普通外科
一、简答题(10分)
简述癌痛的三阶梯疗法和基本原则(WHO推荐)
A.输血后出血倾向
B.发热反应
C.溶血反应
D.细菌污染反应
二、名词解释(每题2分,共20分)
1.移植;2. MODS;
3.水中毒;4.急性胃肠功能障碍;
5.低渗性缺水;6.代谢性酸中毒;
7.全身炎症反应综合症;8.肠内营养;
9.心肺脑复苏;10.charcot三联症。
三、简答题(每题10分,共30分)
B.急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎可导致脓毒性休克
C.挤压伤可引起创伤性休克
D.鱼精蛋白副凝试验阳性是诊断弥散性血管内凝血的佐证
9.ARDS最早期的症状是
A.呼吸加快窘迫感
B.明显的呼吸困难
C.病人发绀
D.呼吸道分泌物增多
10.女,48岁,行胃大部分切除术,输血150ml后,出现寒战,肌肉注射异丙嗪25mg,继续输血,半小时后,体温39.7℃,血压70/60mmHg,脉搏160次/分,发绀,意识不清,烦躁不安,可能原因:
1.简述肠外营养的并发症。
2.某患者,女性,59岁,被汽车碾压骨盆后3小时送至医院,查体:患者谵妄,皮肤发绀,四肢阙冷,血压60/40mmHg,脉搏细速。
(1)应考虑什么类型休克,严重程度。
(2)入院后急需作什么处理?
(3)应完善什么检查,拟定治疗计划?
3.简述绞窄性肠梗阻的诊断要点。
第二部分选答部分试题(30分)
二、名词解释(6个中文,4个英文,每个2分,共20分)
1、等渗性缺水2、低血容量性休克3、肠外营养4、脓毒症5、肿瘤TNM分期6、急性移植排斥反应7、acute cholecystitis 8、hernia 9、PTCD 10、colon cancer
三、简答题(一个10分,共30分)
1、病例:脱水类型,补什么,补多少?_
医学考博
历年真题试卷
攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
昆明医学院2010年博士入学考试外科学试题
第一大部分必做题
一、单项选择(一个2分,10题,共20分)
1、灭菌2、病例:钾代谢异常、脱水类型3、高渗性脱水诊断指标4、ARDS的病理改变5、疝气6、烧伤三度四分法7、急性腹膜炎休克原因8、失血性休克补充血容量,最优晶体液9、术后感染预防措施10、想不起来了
A.清除烧痂,充分引流
B.湿敷包扎治疗
C.控制感染下,切除焦痂植皮
D.中药外用,蚕食脱痂
7.下列各项中,不符合DIC诊断标准的是
A. 3P试验阴性
B.血浆纤维蛋白原<1.5g/L
C.血小板计数< 80X109/L
D.凝血酶原时间比对照组延长3秒以上
8.有关休克的描述,不正确的是
A.血压低于90/60 mmHg,就可诊断为休克
4、急性肝衰竭的诊断标准和分型。
5、全身性外科感染的治疗原则。
6、颅内动脉瘤的临床表现、诊断、治疗。
7、肺转移性肿瘤的临床表现、诊断、治疗。
8、膀胱损伤的原因、临床表现、诊断、治疗。
9、髌骨骨折的原因临床表现、诊断、治疗。
10、外科微创技术概述。
昆明医科大学
2018年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
昆明医科大学
2017年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目:外科学
注意:所有答案一律写在答题纸上,写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、简答及论述题(100分)
1、局部麻醉药的毒性反应,怎么预防。
2、肿瘤手术时要遵循哪些外科基本原则,除此外还应遵循哪些肿瘤手术原则。
3、患有腹水、黄疸、Child-Pugh c级的病人发生食管胃底静脉曲张破裂是应怎么治疗。
二、论述题(20分)
如何把握上消化道出血的手术时机和指征?胆道出血的临床表现和治疗方法有哪些?
烧伤科
一、简答题(10分)
简述烧伤早期胃肠营养的意义
二、论述题(20分)
试述烧伤发生急性肾功能不全的发病机制和防治措施
整形外科
一、简答题(10分)
简述瘢痕的分类,瘢痕疙瘩的治疗原则
二、论述题(20分)
何谓皮肤软组织扩张术?论述皮肤软组织扩张术在整形外科的应用及一期扩张过程中常见的并发症
骨外科
一、简答题(10分)
简述脊柱三柱理论
二、论述题(20分)
试述计算机辅助骨科手术(CAOS)在临床应用中的优缺点及目前适宜应用CAOS技术所开展的骨科手术有哪些?
神经外科
一、简答题(10分)
急性硬膜外展
泌尿外科
一、简答题(10分)
后尿道狭窄手术治疗应重点考虑哪些基本原则?
外科学试题
特别提示:1、本试题共4页。
2、试题答案请写在专用答题纸上。
3、本试题共计100分,包括公共部分(70分),每位考生必答;选答部分(30分),考生可根据所报导师相近或相关专业选择作答,多选无效。
4、考生将选答部分专业注明在答题纸“考试科目名称”一栏中,例如:外科学(骨科)。
第一部分公共部分试题(70分)
2、病例:肠梗阻,检查方法,治疗原则。_
3、鉴别癌性阻塞性黄疸和结石性阻塞性黄疸。
第二大部分根据专业选作
普外(一个简答10分,一个论述20分)
1、简答:乳腺癌前哨淋巴结概念及意义。
2、论述:原发性肝癌治疗原则,治疗方法及新进展。
昆明医学院2011年博士研究生入学考试外科学试题
昆明医学院2011年博士研究生入学考试