北航991真题2012年答案
1999-2016年北京航空航天大学911材料综合考研真题及答案解析 汇编
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北航计算机系考研复试上机真题及答案(06-12年)
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h>
#endif /* JOBDU_H_ */ while(scanf("%d",&N) != EOF){
int i,j; //初始化 memset(data,-1,100*4*sizeof(int)); //读入数据 for(i=0;i<N;i++){
for(j=0;j<N;j++){ scanf("%d",&island[i][j]);
area++;
//printf("i=%d,j=%d\n",i,j); for debug } } } } printf("%d\n",area); } return 0; }
3.【问题描述】
统计关键字出现位置
输入:
一行标准 c 语言代码(字符个数小于 300),统计出该字符串中关键字的 if,while,for 所 在的位置,按照关键字出现的顺序依次输出。注意双引号内的不需要统计。 输入:一行标准 c 语言代码,字符个数小于 300
输入:
第一行输入一个整数 N,表示输入方阵的维数 输入一个 N 维方阵
输出:
小岛面积
样例输入:
6 111111 110001 100010 110111 010100 111111
2012年北京航空航天大学英语专业(语言学)真题试卷.doc
2012年北京航空航天大学英语专业(语言学)真题试卷(总分:18.00,做题时间:90分钟)一、简答题(总题数:9,分数:18.00)1.What is an affix? Please exemplify any affixes that attach(relatively)productively to verbs and do not change the category.(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.State the Referential Theory(or meaning triangle)put forward by Ogden and Richards, and illustrate the theory with an example.(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.Figure out the conceptual metonymies in the following sentences and provide at least one more example.a. He drank the whole bottle.b. Arthur married money.c. Einstein was one of the most creative minds of the last century.d. Where are you parked?(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.Explain the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis.(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.What does Saussure mean when he writes, "Signs function not through their intrinsic value but through their relative positions" ? Please illustrate your point with an example.(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.The sentence The boy saw the man with the telescope is structurally ambiguous. Please explain the ambiguity and illustrate the different meanings with phrase structure trees.(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 7.Figure out the structure of the following sentences and give a description of this phenomenon. The horse raced past the barn fell.The florist sent the flowers was pleased.The cotton clothing is made from grows in Mississippi.They told the boy that the girl met the story.(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 8.State the various stages of Chomsky"s Transformational Grammar, and describe the theory"s philosophical/methodological features.(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 9.Explain the(communicative)Principle of Relevance, and use it to explain why in a normal circumstance the sentence John went to the bank means that John went to a money-institution rather than that John went to the bank of a river.(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________。
北航2011年硕士研究生入学考试数据结构与C语言试题与答案
2011 年硕士研究生入学考试“数据结构与C语言程序设计”(科目代码:991)试题与答案一、单项选择题(本题共20分,每小题各2分)1.下列关于线性表的存储结构的叙述中,错误的是。
A.线性表的顺序存储结构中隐式地存储了数据元素之间的逻辑关系B.线性表的顺序存储结构一定需要占用一片地址连续的存储空间C.线性表的链式存储结构通过指针来反映数据元素之间的逻辑关系D.线性表的链式存储结构占用的存储空间一定不连续2.若front 和rear 分别表示链接队列的队头指针与队尾指针,则向队列中插入一个由p 指的新元素的过程是依次执行。
A.rear=p; front=p; B.front=p; rear=p;C.rear->link=p; rear=p; D.front->link=p; rear=p;3.下列关于二叉树的叙述中,正确的是。
A.二叉树的度可以小于2 B.二叉树的度等于2C.二叉树中至少有一个结点的度为2 D.二叉树中每一个结点的度都为24.若某二叉树有40个叶结点,则该二叉树的结点总数最少是。
A.78 B.79 C.80 D.815.若采用邻接矩阵存储一个有向图,且邻接矩阵主对角线以下元素均为0,则该有向图的拓扑序列。
A.存在且惟一B.存在但可能不惟一C.不存在D.无法确定6.下面关于AOE 网的叙述中,正确的是。
A.AOE 网是一个带权的连通图B.AOE 网是一个带权的强连通图C.AOE 网是一个带权的无回路的连通图D.AOE 网是一个带权且无回路的有向图7.下列关于线性表查找方法的叙述中,错误的是。
A.顺序查找法适合于采用顺序存储结构和链式存储结构的线性表的查找B.对于相同元素,顺序查找法一定能够查找到表中首次出现的元素C.对于相同元素,折半查找法一定能够查找到表中首次出现的元素D.对于相同元素,折半查找法不一定能够查找到表中首次出现的元素8.在二叉排序树中进行查找的平均时间效率主要与下列因素之一有关,该因素是。
北航数据结构与程序设计真题 北航991真题及答案
20XX年“数据结构与C程序设计”(代码991)试题一、单项选择题(本题共20分,每小题各2分)1.对于长度为n的线性表,建立其对应的单链表的时间复杂度为( )。
A.O(1);B.O(log2n);.O(n);D.O(n2)。
2.一般情况下,在一个双向链表中插入一个新的链结点,( )。
A.需要修改4个指针域内的指针;B.需要修改3个指针域内的指针;C.需要修改2个指针域内的指针;D.只需要修改1个指针域内的指针。
3.假设用单个字母表示中缀表达式中的一个运算数(或称运算对象),并利用堆栈产生中缀表达式对应的后缀表达式。
对于中缀表达式A+B*(C/D-E),当从左至右扫描到运算数E时,堆栈中的运算符依次是( )。
(注:不包含表达式的分界符)A.+*/-;B.+*(/-;C.+*-;.+*(-。
4.若某二叉排序树的前序遍历序列为50,20,40,30,80,60,70,则后序遍历序列为( )。
A.30,40,20,50,70,60,80;B.30,40,20,70,60,80,50;C.70,60,80,50,30,40,20;D.70,60,80,30,40,20,50。
5.分别以6, 3, 8, 12, 5, 7对应叶结点的权值构造的哈夫曼(Huffman) 树的深度为( )。
A.6;B.5;C.4;D.3。
6.下列关于图的叙述中,错误的是( )。
A.根据图的定义,图中至少有一个顶点;B.根据图的定义,图中至少有一个顶点和一条边(弧);C.具有n个顶点的无向图最多有n(n-1)/2条边;D.具有n个顶点的有向图最多有n(n-1)条边(弧)。
7.若在有向图G的拓扑序列中,顶点vi在顶点vj之前,则下列4种情形中不可能出现的是( )。
A.G中有弧<vi,vj>;B.G中没有弧<vi,vj>;C.G中有一条从顶点vi到顶点vj的路径;D.G中有一条从顶点vj到顶点vi的路径。
北京航空航天大学-991-2017-真题
已今, f ., 北京航空航天大学2017年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题科目代码:991 数据结构与C 语言程序设计(共7页)考生注意:所有答题务必书写在考场提供的答题纸上,写在本试题单上的答题一律无效(本题单不参与阅卷)。
一、单项选择题(本题共20分,每小题各2分)1."数据结构”课程研究的内容主要包括_——°A.数据的逻辑结构与存储结构;B.数据的逻辑结构与对数据进行的操作(即算法);C.数据的存储结构与对数据进行的操作(即算法);D.数据的逻辑结构、存储结构以及对数据进行的操作(即算法)。
2. 与单向链表相比,双向链表的优点之一是___。
A.可以进行随机访问;B.可以访问链表中的相邻结点;C.链表的插入和删除操作更加简便;D . 可以节省头结点指针。
3.通常情况下,将递归算法转换为等价的非递归算法需要使用一种数据结构来保存中间结果,这种数据结构是A .堆栈; B.队列; c.二叉树; D.图。
4.深度为h的完全二叉树的结点总数不会超过一。
A.2气B.2h 一1;C .2h : D.2h +l 。
5.若某二叉树的前序遍历序列为a,b, e, f, c, d, g, 中序遍历序列为b,f, e, a , d, g, c, 则后序遍历序列为———°A.f, e, b, g, d, c, a;C.b, f , e, a, d , g, c;B.f, g, e , d, b , c, a ;D.f, e, b, a, g, d, c 。
t夕__,一. 6.对千一个具有n 个顶点的有向图,其边数最多为___。
A.nX(n -1)/2条;B. n-1条;C.nX(n-1)条;D.n 2条。
第991—1页k'/后计算表达式"1a+28+3吽…+n a"的结果。
需要注意的是,当a或者n小千等千0时,该函数返回0。
提示:可以先编写一个求解旷的辅助函数,再在psum函数中计算累加和。
北航数据结构与程序设计真题2013年北航991真题及答案
2013年''数据结构与C程序设计〃(代码991)试题一、单项选择题(本题共20分,每小题各2分)1.对于长度为n的线性表,建立其对应的収链表的时间复朵度为()。
A.0(1): B・ O(log2n):・ O(n): D・ O(n2)n2.一般情况下,在一个双向链表中插入一个新的链结点,()。
A.需耍修改4个抬针域内的指针:B・需要修改3个指针域内的抬针:C.需要修改2个抬针域内的抬针:D.只需要修改1个指针域内的抬针。
3.假设用单个字母表示中缀表达式中的一个运算数(或称运算对彖).并利用堆栈产生中缀表达式对应的后缀表达式。
对于中缀表达式A+B^C/D-E),十从左至右扫描到运算数E时,堆栈中的运算符依次是()。
(注:不包含表达式的分界符)A.+*/-:B. +*(/-: C・ +*-:・ +*(-o4.若某二叉排序树的前序遍历序列为50,20,40,30,80,60,70,则后序遍历序列为()。
A. 30,40,20,50,70,60,80:B. 30,40,20,70,60,80,50:C. 70,60,80,50,30,40,20:D. 70,60,80,30,40,20,50.5.分别以6, 3, 8, 12, 5, 7对应叶结点的权值构造的哈夫曼(Huffman)树的深度为()。
A. 6: B・ 5: C・ 4: D・ 3。
&下列关于图的叙述中,错误的是()0A.根据图的定义,图中至少有一个顶点:B.根据图的定义.图中至少有一个顶点和一条边(弧):C.具有n个顶点的无向图最多有n(n-l)/2条边:D.具有n个顶点的有向图最多有n(n-l)条边(弧)。
7.若在有向图G的拓扑序列中.顶点W在顶点vj之前,则下列4种情形中不可能岀现的是()。
A.G 中有弧vvi,vj>:B.G 中没有3ft<vi r vj>;c. G中有一条从顶点W到顶点vj的路径:D・G中有一条从顶点vj到顶点vi的路径。
北京航空航天大学991数据结构与C语言程序设计历年考研真题专业课考试试题
2017年北京航空航天大学991数据 结构与C语言程序设计考研真题
2018年北京航空航天大学991数据 结构与C语言程序设计考研真题
目 录
2010年北京航空航天大学993数据结构与C语言程序设计考研真题 2011年北京航空航天大学991数据结构与C语言程序设计考研真题 2012年北京航空航天大学991数据结构与C语言程序设计考研真题 2013年北京航空航天大学991数据结构与C语言程序设计考研真题 2014年北京航空航天大学991数据结构与C语言程序设计考研真题 2015年北京航空航天大学991数据结构与C语言程序设计考研真题 2016年北京航空航天大学991数据结构与C语言程序设计考研真题 2017年北京航空航天大学991数据结构与C语言程序设计考研真题 2018年北京航空航天大学991数据结构与C语言程序设计考研真题
2014年北京航空航天大学991数据 结构与C语言程序设计考研真题
2015年北京航空航天大学991数据 结构与C语言程序设计考研真题
2016年北京航空航天大学991数据 结构与C语言程序设计考研真题
2010年北京航空航天大学993数据 结构与C语言程序设计考研真题
2011年北京航空航天大学991数据 结构与C语言程序设数据 结构与C语言程序设计考研真题
2013年北京航空航天大学991数据 结构与C语言程序设计考研真题
北航2015年考研991科目的答案
北航2015年考研991科目的答案一、单项选择题1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.C 6.B 7.D 8.A 9.C 10.D 二、填空题1.顺序2.O(m) 3.log2k+1 4.235 5.2(n-1) 6.该有向图中不存在回路7.2.9 8.m-1 9.插入排序法10.9三、综合题1.答:(1)多个堆栈共享一个连续的存储空间,可以充分利用存储空间,只有在整个存储空间都用完时才能产生溢出,其缺点是当一个堆栈溢出时需要向左、右栈查询有无空闲单元。
若有,则需要移动相应元素和修改相关的栈底和栈顶指针的位置。
当各个堆栈接近溢出时,查询空闲单元、移动元素和修改栈底栈顶指针位置的操作频繁,计算复杂,并且耗费时间。
(2)每个堆栈仅用一个顺序存储空间时,操作简便。
但难以确定初始分配存储空间的大小,空间分配少了,容易产生溢出,空间分配多了,容易造成空间浪费;并且各个堆栈不能共享空间。
(3)一般情况下,分别建立多个链接堆栈不考虑堆栈的溢出(仅受用户内存空间限制),缺点是堆栈中各元素要通过指针链接,比顺序存储结构多占用存储空间。
2.(T->lchild==NULL && T->rchild==NULL) T->lchild T->rchild3.(由于图表显示限制,此题答案见指定教材(《数据结构教程第二版》(2012年4月第7次印刷)) 第418页8-16题)4.(1).根据α=散列表中存入的元素数/散列表的长度,得到表的长度为18,因此,合适的散列函数应该为H(k)=k MOD 17。
(2).(由于图表显示限制,此题答案见指定教材(《数据结构教程第二版》(2012年4月第7次印刷)) 第428页9-15题)四、算法设计题SORT(int A[ ], int n){ int ,i, j, min, max, temp; i=1;while(i<=n/2){ min=i; max=i;for(j=i+1;j<n-i+1;j++){ if(A[j]<A[min])min=j; if(A[j]>A[max]) max=j;} /* 确定某趟排序的最小值元素和最大值元素*/ if(min!=i){temp=A[min]; A[min]=A[i]; A[i]=temp; } /* 交换A[min]与A[i]的位置*/ if(max!=n-i+1) if(max==i){temp=A[min]; A[min]=A[n-i+1]; A[n-i+1]=temp; } /* 交换A[min]与A[n-i+1]的位置*/ else{temp=A[max]; A[max]=A[n-i+1]; A[n-i+1]=temp; /* 交换A[max]与A[n-i+1]的位置*/ } i++; } }五、填空题1.break a/q 2.a[n-1]>=a[n-2] FUNC2(a, n-1) 3.(*(a+i)+i) (*(a+i)+N-i-1) 4.i!=0 n%10+′0′5.ch-=30 ch-=266.*(s+i) t++ 7.strlen(p)-1 p<q 8.ch & 24 9.4 &number 10.argv[1],“rb”argv[2], “wb”六、简答题1.答:通常有下列三种方式:(1)参数传递方式:函数调用时根据实参传递给形参内容的不同又分为值传递与地址传递两种。
2012北航971机械工程专业真题
北京航空航天大学2012年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目代码:971机械工程专业基础(共14页)考生注意:1、所有答题务必写在考场上提供的答题纸上,写在本试题单上的答题一律无效(本题单不参与阅卷)。
2、本试卷共分四个部分:第一部分和第二部分为必答部分;第三和第四部分为选答部分,考生只可二选一做答,若多答,选答部分均无效。
第一部分理论力学部分(共三大题,50分)一、选择题(本题共20分,每小题5分)1、质点在重力和介质阻力FR=-kmv(k为常数)的作用下,沿y 轴正方向垂直向上运动,则质点的运动微分方程为()。
2、如第一部分题一(1)图所示,两均质轮的质量均为m,半径皆为R,用不计质量的绳绕在一起,两轮角速度分别为w1和w2,则系统的动能为()。
第一部分题一图1第一部分题一图23、如第一部分题一图(2)所示,均质等边直角弯杆OAB的质量共为2m,以角速度w绕O轴转动,则弯杆对O轴的动量矩大小为()。
4、在质点无阻尼自由振动的参数中,()和()与振动的初始条件无关;而()和()与振动的初始条件有关。
(A)振幅(B)周期(C)固有频率(D)初相角二、判断题(本题共16分,每小题4分)(正确的画√,错误的画×)1、应用动静法时,对静止的质点不需要加惯性力,对运动着的质点应加上惯性力。
()2、三个质量相同的质点,在某瞬时的速度分别如第一部分题二(1)图所示,若对它们作用了大小,方向相同的力F,则质点的运动情况各不相同。
()3、已知刚体质心C到相互平行轴Z1和Z2的垂直距离分别为b 和2b,如第一部分题二(2)图所示。
刚体的质量为m,对轴Z2的转动惯量为J2,则刚体对轴Z1的转动惯量J1为J2+3mb²。
4、如第一部分题二(3)图所示,地球仪可绕铅垂轴Z转动,轴承光滑,初始时,地球仪及球面上的小虫静止,然后小虫在球面上由A点爬到B点,判断此过程中下述结论是否正确。
(A)系统竖直方向动量守恒;(B)系统对轴动量矩守恒;(C)系统机械能守恒;(D)系统机械能不守恒。
北航991真题答案
一.单项选择题1 选C 前三步操作相同,主要看第四步,先分析前三步做了什么,一二的操作是修改p的前后节点,而p是需要插入的节点,所以还要修改的是q和原本q的后面一个节点2 选D,队列为空的情况3 选A,排除带括号的,括号外的为x4 选D,8层的完全二叉树,第7层为2^6个节点,64个节点,非叶节点为54个,第8层为108个节点,前7层为2^7-1个,127个,共127+108=235,一个有几种情况?3种,7层的完全二叉树,一种234,快速方法,不用计算,因为肯定多于70多,又必是奇数5 选B,送分题6 选D,连通可能有回路,一般无向图不讨论拓扑排序7 选A 0 99中进行查找49,24,11,5,2,0算出了六次,一共七次,用满二叉树来计算,一个6层的满二叉树为63个元素,7层的是127个元素8 选C9 选D,插入排序是不是?10 选A,倒数第二个找到之后,最后一个数不需要进行排序二简答题1 见笔记本2 递归调用自身的,堆栈3 初始点,遍历方法,边的顺序4 不细讲,算一下,选择排序是10000 + ···+9991,快速排序差不多为n*Logn,即10000*log10000,堆是log10000三综合题1 ABCFED | ABFCED从A开始,没有指向A的边,把图画出来即可2 先从层序开始,根节点为A,在中序中C为A的左子树序列,DFBE是右子树序列。
再看A的左子树DFBE在层序中B为第一个,所以B为子树的根节点,再回到中序,DF 在B的前面,所以为左子树,E为右子树。
再分析子树DF,DF在层序中D为第一个,所以D为根节点,而中序中F在D的右边所以F为D的右孩子3 17填在位置5,27填在位置04 求数组的最大值,可以写得详细点四、算法设计题利用堆栈结构,我写是四不像,没有先后顺序,可以进行修改,改成前序typedef int ElementType;//多余的一行,但能使程序可以编译typedef struct BinaryNode{struct BinaryNode*lchild;ElementType data;struct BinaryNode*rchild;}Node,*BinaryTree;Node*searchBroNode(BinaryTree T,Node*q) {Node*Stack[100];int top = -1;Stack[++top] = T;while(top != -1){Node*current = Stack[top--];if(current->lchild == q)return current->rchild;elseif(current->lchild)Stack[++top] = current->lchild;if(current->rchild != q)return current->lchild;elseif(current->rchild)Stack[++top] = current->rchild;}return NULL;}五、单项选择题1.选B2 选C,由于i会导致全部都变为double3 选A4 选C,A必须有输入项,B规定位数没用,输入项必须是变量,或者说地址5 选D,可以这么想,循环继续进行下去的条件是s不等于100且k小于3,则结束条件就是s等于100或者k大于等于36 选A,j++是先执行完这条语句然后再j++,所以循环结束j大于等于4,j++就是57 选B,D还有什么反例?return8 选B9 选D10 选C,“123456”可以看成const char *11 选C,A是比较地址,B是判断两个是否相等12 选B,第一个都是参数的数量,与参数名无关,第二个参数是字符串数组,标准形式是char*argv[ ],等同于char**13 选A,所有变量都是传递值,但是传地址是传什么?传地址也是传地址的值,所以说传地址实际上也是传值14 选D15 选C,这是一个指针数组,数组存放的是int类型的指针,需要区别的是D,D是数组指针,所以选C,原因在于[ ]的优先级高于*16 选D,a三个元素分别的值是{1001,20},{1002,19},{1003,21},只有第2个结构体的age是1002,所以是B,D,B是1001,D是正确答案17 选C,强制类型转换需要带括号18 选D,了解宏定义是什么,宏定义再预处理阶段做处理19 选A,C最完善,但正常不需要这样20 选B,指向结尾所以是a,同时是可读写所以是a+六、填空题1 1,1跟结合性有关,b=1,a=0,运算顺序,b--,重点a+b其中b已经减1了,然后是<=,!=,最后是||2 5 来看一下f是在,干什么,大致跟长度有关,最后s指向字符串开头,p指向’\0’,用一个字符串长度为1的字符串作例子,则返回1,所以返回字符串长度3 11 7 i=(2*M)=>> i=(2*N+1) =>> i=(2*5+1),所以i=11,j=(1+1*M) =>> j=(1+1*5+1) =>> j=74 123456 这道题的疑问就是有没有空格七、程序设计题#include <stdio.h>int main(int argc,char *argv[]){int a,n;scanf("%d %d",&a,&n);int sum = 0;int temp = 0;int i;for(i = 0;i < n;i++){temp = temp * 10 + a;sum += temp;}printf("%d\n",sum);return 0;}八、程序设计题。
北京航空航天大学991数据结构与C语言程序设计考研真题试题2016年
B. 无向图;
C. AOV网;
D. AOE网。
,; .
7令下列关千带权连通图的最小生成树的叙述中 令 正确的是一。 A. 最小生成树的代价不一定比该图其他任何一棵生成树的代价小;
B. 若图中出现权值相同的边时,则该图的最小生成树不是惟一的;
c. 若图中边上的权值各不相同,则该图的最小生成树是惟一的;
北京航空航天大学2016 年
硕士研究生招生考试初试试题科目代码991
数据结构与 C 语言程序设计(共 8页)
考生注意:所有答题务必书写在考场提供的答题纸上,写在本试题单上的 答题一律无效(本题单不参与阅卷)。
一、单项选择题(本题共20分,每小题各2分)
L若listl和list2分别为一个指向单向链表与指向双向链表的指针变量则下列叙述中, 正确的是—°
A. list2比listl占用更多的存储单元; B. Iistl与list2占用相同多的存储单元; C. listl和list2应该是相同类型的指针变量; D. 双向链表比单向链表占用更多的存储单元。
Байду номын сангаас
2. 下列关于队列的叙述中,错误的是 '0 A. 队列是一种插入和删除位置受到限制的特殊线性表; B. 做删除操作时要先判断队列是否为空,做插入操作时要先判断队列是否已满; C. 采用循环链表作为存储结构的队列称为循环队列; D. 通常情况下,循环队列比非循环的队列的空间使用率要高。
s. 若采用快速排序法对序列(49, 38, 65, 97, 76, 13, 27. 49')的元素按值从小到大进行排
D. push, pop, push, pop, push, pop。
4. 若某完全二叉树的第6层有24个叶结点,则该完全二叉树的结点总数最大为-一°
北航2012操作系统试卷A
《操作系统》试卷一、名词解释题(每题4分,共24分)1、并发与并行2、临界资源与临界区3、系统调用4、进程互斥5、中断屏蔽6、目录二、判断题(每题1分,共6分)1、用P、V操作可以解决一切互斥与同步问题。
(T )2、同一进程或不同进程内的线程都可以并发执行。
(T )3、采用多道程序设计技术的计算机系统,极大地提高了计算机系统的系统效率,但可能使每个作业的执行时间延长。
(T )4、作业调度的先来先服务算法,按照作业到达的先后次序调度作业,排队等待时间最长的作业被优先调度。
( F )5、采用SPOOLing技术实现的共享设备,在同一时刻可以让多个进程使用它进行I/O。
( F )6、设备独立性(或无关性)是指能独立实现设备共享的一种特性。
(F )三、简答题(每题5分,共20分)1、何谓缓冲区?为什么要引入缓冲?2、什么是死锁?产生死锁的必要条件是什么?3、DMA方式与中断方式有何不同?4、什么是重定位?如何实现程序运行时的动态重定位?四、死锁检测(10分)设有进程,并发执行,都需要使用资源,,使用资源情况如下表所示:进程进程申请资源申请资源申请资源申请资源释放资源释放资源试判断是否会产生死锁,并说明原因。
五、设备管理(10分)有5个记录A,B,C,D,存放在某磁盘的某磁道上,假定这个磁道划分成5块,每块存放一个记录,安排如下表所示:现在要顺序处理这5个记录,若磁盘旋转一周需要20ms,处理程序每读出一个记录后要花费6ms进行处理。
处理程序处理数据时,磁盘照常旋转。
问:(1)处理完这5个记录需要的总时间是多少?(2)为了减少磁盘的旋转周数,应该如何安排这5个记录,并计算所需要的时间。
六、进程同步(15分)有一个超市,最多可容纳N个人进入购物,当N个顾客满员时,后到的顾客在超市外等待;超市中有1个收银员。
可以把顾客和收银员看作两类进程,两类进程间存在同步关系。
请利用P、V操作描述这些进程之间的同步关系。
七、存储管理(15分)设某计算机的逻辑地址空间和物理地址空间均为64KB,按字节编址。
北航数据结构与程序设计真题 2012
该二叉树的后序遍历序列为 。
6.将一棵结点总数为 n、且具有 m 个叶结点的树转换为一棵二叉树以后,该二叉树中右
子树为空的结点有 个。
7 . 对 于 图 G=(V,E) 与 G´=(V´,E´) , 若 有 V´ÍV ,
E´ÍE,则称 G´是 G 的 。
8.在顺序表(6,15,30,37,65,68,70,72,89,99)中采用折半查找法查找元素 37,与表中进行过
比较的元素依次是 。
9.若已知 n 个关键字值具有相同的散列函数值,并且采用线性探测再散列法处理冲突,
那 么,将这 n 个关键字值全部散列到初始为空的地址空间中,发生散列冲突的次数
是。
s++; t++; } return ( (2) ); } 5.下列程序的功能是将已经按升序排好序的两个字符串 str1 和 str2 中的字符再按升序归 并到字符串 str3 中。请在程序的空白处填入合适的内容,使程序完整。
#include <stdio.h>
main( )
{ char str1[ ]=“acegikm”;
北航数据结构及程序设计真题2014北航991真题与答案解析
2013年“数据结构与C程序设计”(代码991)试题一、单项选择题(本题共20分,每小题各2分)1.对于长度为n的线性表,建立其对应的单链表的时间复杂度为( )。
A.O(1);B.O(log2n);.O(n);D.O(n2)。
2.一般情况下,在一个双向链表中插入一个新的链结点,( )。
A.需要修改4个指针域内的指针;B.需要修改3个指针域内的指针;C.需要修改2个指针域内的指针;D.只需要修改1个指针域内的指针。
3.假设用单个字母表示中缀表达式中的一个运算数(或称运算对象),并利用堆栈产生中缀表达式对应的后缀表达式。
对于中缀表达式A+B*(C/D-E),当从左至右扫描到运算数E时,堆栈中的运算符依次是( )。
(注:不包含表达式的分界符)A.+*/-;B.+*(/-;C.+*-;.+*(-。
4.若某二叉排序树的前序遍历序列为50,20,40,30,80,60,70,则后序遍历序列为( )。
A.30,40,20,50,70,60,80;B.30,40,20,70,60,80,50;C.70,60,80,50,30,40,20;D.70,60,80,30,40,20,50。
5.分别以6, 3, 8, 12, 5, 7对应叶结点的权值构造的哈夫曼(Huffman) 树的深度为( )。
A.6;B.5;C.4;D.3。
6.下列关于图的叙述中,错误的是( )。
A.根据图的定义,图中至少有一个顶点;B.根据图的定义,图中至少有一个顶点和一条边(弧);C.具有n个顶点的无向图最多有n(n-1)/2条边;D.具有n个顶点的有向图最多有n(n-1)条边(弧)。
7.若在有向图G的拓扑序列中,顶点vi在顶点vj之前,则下列4种情形中不可能出现的是( )。
A.G中有弧<vi,vj>;B.G中没有弧<vi,vj>;C.G中有一条从顶点vi到顶点vj的路径;D.G中有一条从顶点vj到顶点vi的路径。
北航2012博士研究生入学考试试题
北航2012博士研究生入学考试试题北京航空航天大学2012年博士研究生入学考试试题科目代码:1001英语(共14页)考生注意:所有答题务必书写在考场提供的答题纸上,写在本试题单上的答题一律无效(本题单不参与阅卷)。
Part I Listening Comprehension(20points)Section A(10%)Directions:In this section,you will hear10short conversations.At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause,you must read the four choices marked A,B,C and D and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1. A.He probably calls his brothers frequently.B.He should call his brothers more often.C.He does a lot of traveling.D.He’s saving money to visit his brothers.2. A.The battery is not correctly positioned.B.She doesn’t know how the calculator works.C.The calculator needs a new battery.D.The man should enter the numbers in a different order.3. A.They can get a guidebook in Montreal.B.It might not be necessary to buy a guidebook.C.He doesn't mind the cost of a guidebook.D.It’s no use trying to study on a trip,4. A.Being hungry.B.Having a big lunch.C.The weather.D.Cooking.5. A.Tom’s apartment probably costs more than the man’s.B.The man’s place is becoming more expensive.C.Her apartment is better than the man’s.D.She wants to see Tom’s new apartment.6A.Drop out of the play.B.Switch parts with another actor.C.Be patient about learning his part.D.Have his lines memorized by tomorrow.7. A.She agrees with the man.B.The man missed the last study mission.C.She didn't understand the last chemistry class.D.The man should be more serious about his studies.8. A.He can’t meet the woman at the engineering building.B.He can’t give the woman a ride.C.He has already passed the engineering building.D.He’ll meet the woman after his appointment.9. A.He'll give the quiz at a later time.B.The quiz will be very short.C.The quiz won't be ready until Thursday.D.He’ll score the quiz quickly.10.A.Take the medicine as she was directed to do.B.Schedule another appointment with her doctor.C.Stop taking the medicine.D.Rest her back for a few days.Section B(10%)Directions:In this section you will hear2passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear some questions. Both the passageand the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear one question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,B,C and D.Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Passage111.A.Luxury tax.B.Property tax.C.Income tax.D.Sales tax.12.A.The tax percentage increases as a family's income increases.B.The tax percentage inc reases as a family’s salaries increase.C.The tax percentage decreases as a family's expenses increase.D.The tax percentage increases as a family's property increases.13.A.How long the family owns the property.B.The property's value.C.The owner’s incom e.D.The property’s value and the owner's income.14.A.Public schools.B.Public safety.C.Roads,parks and benefits for the poor.D.All of the above.15.A.To the state government.B.To the federal government.C.To the local government.D.To the community.Passage216.A.The government gives direct subsidy to every faith.B.There is no law by Congress respecting the establishment of religion.C.There is a law by Congress to prohibit the free exercise of religion.D.There is no freedom for Americans to choose their religious faith.17.A.One of the biggest increases in church membership.B.The event of prohibiting the free exercise of religion.C.A big decrease in church membership.D.The emergence of classes in religious study.18.A.9%. B.60%.C.45%.D.52%.19.A.The federal government.B.Public educational institutions.C.Various religious groups.D.The local government.20.A.Their member’s voluntary donations.B.The State Government.C.The private schools.D.Religious groups.Part II Reading Comprehension(30points)Directions:There are four passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them,there are4choices marked A,B,C and D.Read the passages carefully and decide on the best choice.Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Passage1The long-term fortunes of the modern economy depend in part on the strength and sustainability of the family, both in relation to fertility trends and to marriage trends.This basic,but often overlooked,principle is now at work in the current global economic crisis.The decline of marriage and fertility is one factor in the global economic crisis.That is,one reason that some of the world’s leading economies—from Japan to Italy to Spain to the euro zone as a whole—are facing fiscal challenges is that their fertility rates have been below replacement levels(2.1children per woman)for decades. Persistent sub-replacement fertility eventually translates into fewer workers relative to retirees,which puts tremendous strains on public coffers and the economy as a whole.Indeed,one recent study finds that almost half of the recent run-up in public debt in the West can be attributed to rapid aging over the last two decades.Even China may see its sky-high growth“come down to earth in the next few decades as its work force shrinks”because of its one-child policy,as Carlos Cavalle and I argued in a recent report.The Sustainable Demographic Dividend.By contrast,a recent Rand study suggests that“In dia will have more favorable demographics than China”over the next few decades,insofar as its work force is poised to grow.In fact,the Rand study suggests that India may be able to use this demographic advantage to outpace China's economic growth rates by the end of the century.Finally,it’s not just fertility that matters;it’s also marriage.At least in the West,children are more likely to acquire the human and social capital they need to thrive in the modern economy when they are raised in an intact, married family,In the U.S.,for instance,children are more likely to graduate from highschool,complete college and be gainfully employed as young adults if they were raised in an intact,married family.And around the globe,men are more likely to give their work their fullest effort and attention when they are married;this is one reason men worldwide enjoy“marriage premiums”in their income,ranging from about14 percent(Mexico)to19percent(UnitedStates)to35percent(Russia).So,at least when it comes to men,research suggests that marriage has important implications for worker productivity.The bottom-line message is that what happens in the home does not stay at home;rather,the size of families,and their stability and quality,has important implications for the health of the global economy.Questions21to25are based on the passage.21.The main idea of this passage is that_________.A.women should bear more children in order to boost the economy.B.both marriage and fertility affect a country’s economy.C.marriage has important implications for worker productivity.D.India will outpace China’s economic growth rate by the end of the century.22.One reason that the world’s leading economies are facing fiscal challenges is that______.A.there is a global economic crisis in recent years.B.there are fewer babies,and consequently,people spend less on many commodities.C.people in these countries have fewer children than needed to replace the population for many years.D.there are tremendous strains on public coffers and the economy as a whole.23.“...its work force is poised to grow”(para.3)probably means____________.A.its work force pauses to grow.B.its work force continues to grow fast.C.its work force continues to grow steadily.D.its work force grows slowly.24.From the passage we know that_________.A.children from an intact,married family are more likely to have a better life.B.the more people a country has,the stronger economy it will have.C.the health of the global economy depends entirely on individual families.D.men are likely to work harder when they are going to have children.25.According to the passage,all the following can affect economy EXCEPT_____________.A.the size of families.B.the stability of families.C.the quality of families.D.men and women ratio within the families.Passage2We have known for a long time that the organization of any particular society is influenced by the definition of the sexes and the distinction drawn between them.But we have realized only recently that the identity of each sex is not so easy to pin down,and that definitions evolve in accordance with different types of culture known to us,that is,scientific discoveries andideological revolutions.Our nature is not considered as immutable,either socially or biologically.As we approach the beginning of the21st century,the substantial progress made in biology and genetics is radically challenging the roles,responsibilities and specific characteristics attributed to each sex,and yet,scarcely twenty years ago,these were thought to be“beyond dispute”.We can safely say,with a few minor exceptions,that the definition of the sexes and their respective functions remained unchanged in the West from the beginning of the19th century to the1960s.The role distinction,raised in some cases to the status of uncompromising dualism on a strongly hierarchical model,lasted throughout this period,appealing for its justification to nature,religion and customs alleged to have existed since the dawn of time.The woman bore children and took care of the home.The man set out to conquer the world and was responsible for the survival of his family,by satisfying their needs in peacetime and going to war when necessary.The entire world order rested on the divergence of the sexes.Any overlapping or confusion between the roles was seen as a threat to the time-honored order of things.It was felt to be against nature,a deviation from the norm.Sex roles were determined according to the“place”appropriate to each.Women’s place was,first and foremost, in the home.The outside world,i.e.workshops,factories and business firms,belonged to men.This sex-based division of the world(private and public)gave rise to a strict dichotomy between the attitudes,which conferred on each its special identity.The woman,sequestered at home,“cared,nurtured and conserved”.T o do this,she had no need to bedaring,ambitious,tough or competitive.The man,on the other hand,competing with his fellow men,was caught up every day in the struggle for survival,and hence developed those characteristics which were thought natural in a man.Today,many women go out to work,and their reasons for doing so have changed considerably.Besides the traditional financial incentives,we find ambition and personal fulfillment motivating those in the most favorable circumstances,and the wish to have a social life and to get out of their domestic isolation influencing others. Above all,for all women,work is invariably connected with the desire for independence.Questions26to30are based on the passage.26.It is only in recent years that we have recognized that______.A.there is almost no clue to the identity of both sexes.B.the role distinction between different sexes is conspicuous.C.the different definitions of sexes bears on the development of culture.D.the progress of civilization greatly influences the role definitions of sexes.27.From paragraph1we can infer that it is now possible for women to embark on a career because______.A.the change in sex roles is out of the question.B.women’s lib has been going on for many years.C.ideas about the roles of women have been changing.D.the expansion of sciences scarcely remolds the women’s roles.28.The author believes that sex discrimination in the West before the1960s was______.A.preferable.B.prevalent.C.presumable.D.precedent.29.According to the fourth paragraph,the author seems to think that______.A.female passivity is natural.B.men and women are physically identical.C.men are born competitive and aggressive.D.some different sex identity is acquired.30.According to the author,which of the following is the most important reason for women to go to work?A.Wish to claim their rights and freedom.B.Ambition and self-fulfillment.C.Financial incentives.D.Desire for a social life.Passage3BBC’s Casualty programme on Saturday evening gave viewers a vote as to which of two patients should benefit from a donation.But it failed to tell us that we would not need to make so many life-and-death decisions if we got to grip with the chronic organ shortage.Being pussyfooting around in its approach to dead bodies,the Government is giving a kicking to some of the most vulnerable in our society.One depressing consequence of this is that a significant number of those on the waiting list take off to foreign countries to purchase an organ from a living third-world donor,something that is forbidden in the United Kingdom.The poor have no option but to wait in vain.The Human Tissue Authority’s position on the retention of body parts for medical research after a post-mortem examination is equally flawed.The new consent forms could have been draftedby some evil person seeking to stop the precious flow of human tissue into the pathological laboratory.The forms are so lengthy that doctors rarely have time to complete them and,even if they try,the wording is so graphic that relatives tend to leg it before signing.In consequence,the number of post mortems has fallen quickly.The wider worry is that the moral shortsightedness evident in the Human Tissue Act seems to infect every facet of the contemporary debate on medical ethics.Take the timid approach to embryonic stem cell research.The United States,for example,refuses government funding to scientists who wish to carry out potentially ground-breaking research on the surplus embryos created by IVF treatment.Senators profess to be worried that embryonic research fails to respect the dignity of“potential persons”.Rarely can such a vacuous concept have found its way into a debate claiming to provide enlightenm ent.When is this “potential”supposed to kick in?In case you were wondering,these supposedly precious embryos are at the same stage of development as those that are routinely terminated by the Pill without anyone crying.Thankfully,the British Government has refused the position of the United States and operates one of the most liberal regimes in Europe,in which licences have been awarded to researchers to create embryos for medical research.It is possible that,in years to come,scientists will be able to grow organs in the lab and find cures for a range of debilitating diseases.The fundamental problem with our approach to ethics is our inability to separate emotion from policy.The only factor that should enter our moral and legal deliberations is that of welfare,a concept that is meaningless when applied to entities that lackself-consciousness.Never forget that the research that we are so reluctant to conduct upon embryos and dead bodies is routinely carried out on living,pain-sensitive animals.Questions31to35are based on the passage.31.What has caused the chronic organ shortage?A.a decrease in donation ratesB.inefficient governmental policyC.illegal trade in human organsD.news media's indifference32.The expression“pussyfooting around”(Line3,Paragraph1)might mean______________.A.unfairB.hesitantC.secretD.strict33.The moral shortsightedness is revealed in the fact that___________.A.the government has stopped the experiment on human tissueB.the donation consent forms are difficult to understandC.the Human Tissues Act is an obstacle to important medical researchD.embryonic research shows disregard for human life34.To which of the following is the author most likely to agree?A.The rich and the poor are equal in the face of death.B.More scientists are needed for the medical advancement.C.There is a double standard in medical ethics.D.The dead deserve the same attention as the living.35.The author is most critical of______.A.the mediaB.doctorsC.U.S.LegislatorsD.the British governmentPassage4When a disease of epidemic proportions rips into the populace,scientists immediately get to work,trying to locate the source of the affliction and find ways to combat it.Oftentimes,success is achieved,as medical science is able to isolate the parasite,germ or cell that causes the problem and finds ways to effectively kill or contain it.In the most serious of cases,in which the entire population of a region or country may be at grave risk,it is deemed necessary to protect the entire population through vaccination,so as to safeguard lives and ensure that the disease will not spread.The process of vaccination allows the patient's body to develop immunity to the virus or disease so that,if it is encountered,one can ward it off naturally.To accomplish this,a small weak or dead strain of the disease is actually injected into the patient in a controlled environment,so that his body's immune system can leam to fight the invader /doc/75b0b238a98271fe900ef90f.html rmation on how to penetrate the disease's defenses is transmitted to all elements of the patient's immune system in a process that occurs naturally,in which genetic information is passed from cell to cell.This makes sure that,should the patient later come into contact with the real problem,his body is well equipped and trained to deal with it,having already done so before.There are dangers inherent in the process,however.On occasion,even the weakened version of the disease contained in the vaccine proves too much for the body to handle,resulting inthe immune system succumbing,and, therefore,the patient's death.Such is the case of the smallpox vaccine,designed to eradicate the smallpox epidemic that nearly wiped out the entire Native American population and killed massive numbers of settlers.Approximately1in10,000people who receives the vaccine contract the smallpox disease from the vaccine itself and dies from it.Thus,if the entire population of the United States were to receive the Smallpox Vaccine today, 3000Americans would be left dead.Fortunately,the smallpox virus was considered eradicated in the early1970s,ending the mandatory vaccination of all babies in America.In the event of a reintroduction of the disease,however,mandatory vaccinations may resume, resulting in more unexpected deaths from vaccination.The process,which is truly a mixed blessing,may indeed hide some hidden curses.Questions36to40are based on the passage.36.The best title for the text may be____________.A."Vaccinations:A Blessing or A Curse"B."Principles of Vaccinations"C."Vaccines:Methods and Implications"D."A Miracle Cure under Attack"37.What does the example of the Smallpox Vaccine illustrate?A.The passible negative outcome of administering vaccines.B.The practical use of a vaccine to control an epidemic disease.C.The effectiveness of vaccines in eradicating certain disease.D.The method by which vaccines are employed against the disease.38.The phrase"ward it off naturally"(Paragraph2)mostprobably means______________.A.dispose of it naturally.B.fight it off with case.C.see to it reluctantly.D.split it up properly.39.Which of the following is true according to the text?A.Saving the majority would necessarily justify the death of the minority.B.The immune system can be trained to fight weaker versions of a disease.C.Mandatory vaccinations are indispensable to the survival of the populace.D.The process of vaccination remains a mystery to be further resolved.40.The purpose of the author in writing this passage is____________.A.to comment and criticizeB.to demonstrate and argueC.to interest and entertainD.to explain and informPart III Vocabulary(10points)Directions:In this part,there are20uncompleted sentences with four choices below each sentence.Choose the best one from the4choices to fill the blanks.Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET witha single line through the center.41.This restaurant is frequently______by tourists because of its famous cooking.A.patronizedB.servicedC.attendedD.utilized42.The miser will not donate any money to charity because he is______________.A.greedyB.thriftyC.stingyD.careful43.Childhood memoirs often gain their poignancy through a sense of displacement:each lesson is accompaniedby a loss of______.A.perspectiveB.innocenceC.permissionD.veracity44.The rain________our spirits because we were planning to go for a picnic.A.decreasedB.dampenedC.moistenedD.hampered45.Their view that women are the natural______of morality is not my view.A.guardiansB.guardsC.guidesD.soldiers46.Scientists have acknowledged that to interpret an animal’s thought processes in a sound manner requires a heavy dose of______from our own mental patterns,which weaccess introspectively.A.estimationB.calculationC.skepticismD.inference47.The colonialists managed to wipe out the entire____________population.A.aboriginalB.original/doc/75b0b238a98271fe900ef90f.html rgeD.regional48.As has always been the case when tragedy has struck our community,the people of our town feel theobligation,and rightly so,to____in support of the victim and his family.A.entrenchB.rallyC.disseminateD.apologize49.Mr.Smith became very_________when it was suggested that he had made a mistake.A.ingeniousB.empiricalC.objectiveD.indignant50.It can not be denied that the existing resources on earth will be depleted,but scientists are______to concedethe inevitability of that day,realizing that new energies can be found in the near future.A.boundB.unpreparedC.hesitantD.likely51.Perfect certainty belongs only to the gods;the rest of us have to make do with science and its______.A.imperfectionsB.conclusionsC.methodologiesD.hyperbole52.This was a five-digit national coding system to____________each postal delivery section.A,testify B.count C.clarify D.identify53.His physical and emotional___________to Oxford and to Mississippi,to the land and to the people thatshaped him,was at the core of his being.A.personalityB.characterC.fidelityD.morality54.Most people choose a lawyer on the basis of such_____________consideration as his cost,his field ofexpertise,and the fees he charges.A.humanisticB.irrelevantC.personalD.pragmatic55.Though sometimes__________,all too often technology is seen as a panacea for the great economic,social,and political challenges facing the nation as it embarks on the path of modernization.B.effectiveC.ignoredD.calamitous56.Among all the changes resulting from the___________entry of women into the work force,thetransformation that has occurred in the women themselves is not the least important.A.massiveB.quantitativeC.surplusD.formidable57.There is much I enjoy about the changing seasons,but my favorite time is the_________from fall to winter.A.transmissionB.transformationC.transitionD.transfer58.The development of these gene technologies may be far in the future,but the moral and social issues raised by them should be discussed______,for once a technology has been invented,it may be difficult to stop or control.A.presentlyB.summarilyC.seriouslyD.hesitantly59.The local government has__________the landowners to fish these waters.A.transformedB.transferredD.allocated60.The plan for the new office tower went ahead____________of local opposition.A.on accountB.in the light ofC.outD.regardlessPart IV Cloze(10points)Directions:There are20blanks in the following passage.For each blank there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.You should choose the ONE that best fits in to the passage and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Many years ago people thought the earth was flat.They believed that the sky__61__a big upside-down bowl and that the sun,moon,and stars were lamps hanging from the top of the /doc/75b0b238a98271fe900ef90f.htmlter,people__62__better.They found out that the earth__63__round.We call the study of the skies and the planets astronomy,__64__we call the watchers of the skies astronomer. Early astronomers thought the earth was the center of__65__.They thought the heavens spun__66__the earth. Later,they changed their__67__.They knew the earth was not the center.They believed that the earth and the __68__planets spin around the sun.Today we know this is true.Ancient scientists studied the skies__69__simple instruments.The first person__70__a telescope was named Galileo.In1610__71__four moons around the planet Jupiter.Today__72__use more complex equipment. Some of thesemeasure the brightness of light.__73__break lights up into different colors.Radio telescopes make stars and planets__74__far closer than Galileo's telescope could.Early astronomers__75__five planets in the sky.Besides Earth,they knew about mercury,Venus,Mars, Jupiter,and Saturn.In1781a seventh one was discovered and named Uranus.Years later,astronomers found another planet and called it Neptune.The ninth planet to be found is called Pluto.It was not__76__until1930.Today scientists can__77__almost anywhere.They have reached the heavens with their spacecraft,in1959,a spacecraft__78__took pictures of the dark side of the moon.Ten years later a spacecraft landed two Americans on the moon.Other important journeys into space__79__.Who knows?Maybe__80__human beings will live on another planet.Maybe you will be one of them.61.A.is B.was C.had been D.were62.A.spoke B.told C.knew D.swan63.A.was B.had been C.is D.were64.A.and B.but C.yet D.still65.A.anything B.nothing C.something D.everything66.A.around B.round C.about D.along67.A.jobs B.minds C.suggestion D.advice68.A.other B.another C.rest D.remained69.A.by B.on C.with D.within70.A.to use /doc/75b0b238a98271fe900ef90f.html ed /doc/75b0b238a98271fe900ef90f.html es D.of using71.A.invented B.created C.saw D.discovered72.A.musicians B.carpenters C.astronomers D.scholars73.A.The others B Others C.Another D.The other74.A.look B.looking C.to look D.looks75.A.could have seen B.could see C.had seen D.saw76.A.trapped B.served C.discovered D.settled77.A.run B explore C.play D.relax78.A.first B.firstly C.for the first D.first of all79.A.followed B.had followed C.were following D.Follow80.A.someday B.some day C.some days D.somedaysPart V Translation(15points)Directions:Read the following passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.Scholars and students have always been great travelers.81.The official case for“academic mobility”is now often stated in impressive terms as a fundamental necessity for economic and social progress in the world,and debated in the corridors of Europe,but it is certainly nothing new.Serious students were always ready to go abroad in search of the most stimulating teachers and the most famous academies;in search of the purest philosophy,the most effective medicine,the likeliest road to gold.Mobility of this kind meant also mobility of ideas,their transference across frontiers,their simultaneous impact upon many groups of people.82.The point of learning is to share it,whether with students or with colleagues;one presumes that only eccentrics have no interest in being credited with a startling discovery,or a new technique.It must also have been reassuring to know that other people in other parts of the world were about to make the same discovery or were thinking along the same。
北航数据结构和程序设计真题2014北航991真题答案与解析
2013年“数据结构与C程序设计”(代码991)试题一、单项选择题(本题共20分,每小题各2分)1.对于长度为n的线性表,建立其对应的单链表的时间复杂度为( )。
A.O(1);B.O(log2n);.O(n);D.O(n2)。
2.一般情况下,在一个双向链表中插入一个新的链结点,( )。
A.需要修改4个指针域内的指针;B.需要修改3个指针域内的指针;C.需要修改2个指针域内的指针;D.只需要修改1个指针域内的指针。
3.假设用单个字母表示中缀表达式中的一个运算数(或称运算对象),并利用堆栈产生中缀表达式对应的后缀表达式。
对于中缀表达式A+B*(C/D-E),当从左至右扫描到运算数E时,堆栈中的运算符依次是( )。
(注:不包含表达式的分界符)A.+*/-;B.+*(/-;C.+*-;.+*(-。
4.若某二叉排序树的前序遍历序列为50,20,40,30,80,60,70,则后序遍历序列为( )。
A.30,40,20,50,70,60,80;B.30,40,20,70,60,80,50;C.70,60,80,50,30,40,20;D.70,60,80,30,40,20,50。
5.分别以6, 3, 8, 12, 5, 7对应叶结点的权值构造的哈夫曼(Huffman) 树的深度为( )。
A.6;B.5;C.4;D.3。
6.下列关于图的叙述中,错误的是( )。
A.根据图的定义,图中至少有一个顶点;B.根据图的定义,图中至少有一个顶点和一条边(弧);C.具有n个顶点的无向图最多有n(n-1)/2条边;D.具有n个顶点的有向图最多有n(n-1)条边(弧)。
7.若在有向图G的拓扑序列中,顶点vi在顶点vj之前,则下列4种情形中不可能出现的是( )。
A.G中有弧<vi,vj>;B.G中没有弧<vi,vj>;C.G中有一条从顶点vi到顶点vj的路径;D.G中有一条从顶点vj到顶点vi的路径。
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一、填空题
1 逻辑结构、存储结构、算法
2 链式存储结构
3 O(1)
4 8 4+4+3+4条边,一共16个结点,叶节点为8,也可以画图试试
5 BFGDECA 先找根节点到A,A的左子树B,右子树FDGCE,右子树的根节点C,C的左子树FDG,右子树E,左子树的根节点D,D的左子树F,右子树G
6 n-m+1,对于任何一个有子节点的结点而言,其子节点有且只有一个子节点右子树为空,再加上根结点也是没有右子树的
7 子图
8 4次依次比较65,15,30,37
9 n(n-1)/2 0+1+……+n-1
10 1,5,11,15,19,77,59,48,26,61
二、简答题
1. 矩阵总元素数量是100x100=10000,非零元素数量为200,200/10000=0.02<5%,所以是稀疏矩阵
2. 书上的概念,没啥好说的
3. 起泡排序法,因为选择排序每趟排序只会交换两个元素,第二趟交换了三个元素的位置,而泡排序每趟排序将最大值像泡一样交换到数组最右边,同时每趟排序过程中,如果相邻元素不符合要求的顺序,会交换两个相邻元素,符合所给结果
4最大递归深度是n,最小递归深度是log2(n+1)取上界
三、综合题
1. 第四句,p->rlink->llink = p做过类似的题目,修改四个指针,前两句做的是修改p 的左右指针,没什么问题,后两句做的是修改q的右指针和原q的右结点的左指针,但第四句错了,因为q的右结点已经修改了
2. 又是一道似曾相识的题目,有两种大的情况,第7层只有叶节点,还有一种情况是第7层还有分支结点。
10+2^6-1=73,(2^6=64,64-10=54,2^7-1=127 127+108(107)=235(234)
3. 从度的角度更好一点,将顶点编号为1,2……n,第1个顶点可以跟其他顶点有n 条边,除去顶点1,第2个顶点可以跟其他顶点有n-1条边,而第n-1个顶点可以跟第n个顶点有一条边,归纳总结为n+(n-1)+……+1=(n-1)xn/2
4. 90,30,50,10,80,20 || 90,80,50,10,30,20 || 90,80,50,10,30,
20 || 90,80,50,30,10,20 || 90,80,50,30,20,10
四、算法设计题
判断一个序列是否是有向图的拓扑序列,简单
typedef int vertype;//防止无法编译用,实际做题删除
typedef struct edge
{
int adjvex;
struct edge*next;
}ELink;
typedef struct ver
{
int indegree;
vertype vertex;
ELink*link;
}VLink;
int isTopologicalSequence(VLink G[],int V[],int n)
{
//按照序列,挨个检查每个结点是否可以作为拓扑序列中的点int i;
int indegree[n];
for(i = 0; i < n; i++)
indegree[i] = G[n].indegree;
int current = V[0];
for(i = 1; i < n && indegree[current] == 0; i++)
{
//将current所连接的结点入点减一
ELink*p = G[current].link;
while(p)
{
indegree[p->adjvex]--;
p = p->next;
}
//接下来判断下一个序号能否作为拓扑序列
current = V[i];
}
if(!indegree[current])
return 1;
return 0;
}
五、单项选择题
1. 选C
2. 选D
3. 选A,从简单的选项开始看BC明显都是无限循环,再看D,没用break也没用循环结束条件,所以考试的时候直接选A,再来看看A,循环条件是a>++b,而刚进循环就不满足条件
4. 选C显然这是数组指针,ptr是一个指向大小为N一维数组的指针
5. 选B,选项A中后一句r没有分配空间,也不能将字符串赋值给字符,选项B可以,但换成数组就不行,所以C错了,D中temp没有声明,即使声明了也不能这么做
6. 选D,很显然只包括一个函数头,所以是对函数的声明,但没有这个答案,那显然是换了一个说法,显然BC是错的,A对了吗?思考一下定义和声明的区别,这条语句后面加了一个分号,所以不是定义,那选D,D的说法也可以接受
7. 选A,考的是一个基本的字符串输入输出问题,pq共享同一段空间,后输入的字符串会覆盖前面的字符串
8. 选D,送分题
9. 选B,做字符串替换a=++k+1*k+1,a=9
10. 选A,送分题
六、简答题
1. 头文件本质上是已经写好的C程序,可以降低程序开发的难度,与源程序同时编译
2. 这个讲过
3. 书上好像也有,(1)存储区域,全局变量存储在数据区,局部变量存储在堆栈中(2)作用范围(3)生命周期
4. 相同,都是指针
七、填空题
1. 50 x
2. -1*f 2*i+1
3. c=c+5 c=c-21
4. *t *s-*t
5. str3[k]=str2[j++] str1[i]==’\0’,记住是单引号
6. argc >1 *argv
7. a r fp2 fgetc(fp2)
8. 求整数n的位数,答案给的是正整数
9. 从上往下分析,n是str的实际长度,ptr1指向str的首地址,ptr2指向str的尾地址(实际上是最后一个字符的地址),while循环比较的是地址,后面做的是比较ptr1和ptr2中存储的字符,如果ptr1中的字符和ptr2中的字符相同,则继续循环否则跳出循环,最后比较两者的地址,实际上循环做的是挨个比较ptr1和ptr2的字符,ptr1不断递加,ptr2递减所以是比较一个字符串从前到后和从后到前的字符,回文字符串
10. 以追加“a”方式向文件写入”data”,输出此时文件指针的位置
八、程序设计题
#include <stdio.h>
int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
char str[100];
char c;
gets(str);
c = getchar();
int index = 0;
while(str[index] && str[index] != c)
index++;
if(!str[index])
printf("未找到字符%c",c);
else
{
printf("%d\n",index);
printf("原字符串:%s\n",str);
while(str[++index])
{
str[index-1] = str[index];
}
str[index-1] = '\0';
printf("删除后字符串:%s\n",str);
}
return 0;
}。