西安交大英语背诵教程文件
西安交通大学一般用什么英语教材
西安交通大学一般用什么英语教材西安交通大学一般使用的英语教材西安交通大学，坐落在中国古城西安，是一所历史悠久、享有盛誉的高等学府。
作为中国知名的综合性大学之一，西安交通大学注重培养学生的英语能力，为其提供了多种教材选择。
在西安交通大学，学生经常使用以下几种类型的英语教材。
一、主要教材1.《新编大学英语（第四版）》《新编大学英语》是西安交通大学最常用的英语教材之一，主要由英语教学研究中心编写。
该教材共分为4册，其中第一册主要讲解基础的语法、词汇和阅读理解等内容，逐渐增加难度。
通过多种教学方法和习题，帮助学生提高综合英语能力。
2.《大学英语（基础版）》《大学英语（基础版）》也是西安交通大学广泛采用的教材之一。
该教材分为4册，主要注重培养学生的听、说、读、写能力。
每册教材按照语言技能的不同层次进行设计，涵盖了大量的真实对话、文章和阅读材料，帮助学生提高英语综合应用能力。
二、辅助教材1.《大学英语（快读版）》《大学英语（快读版）》是西安交通大学提供给那些英语基础较好的学生的辅助教材。
这本教材侧重于培养学生的阅读能力，通过大量的阅读理解、词汇扩展和语法练习，帮助学生提高对英语文章的理解能力和阅读速度。
2.《大学英语（口语版）》除了书面英语的学习，西安交通大学也注重培养学生的口语表达能力。
《大学英语（口语版）》作为辅助教材，通过丰富的口语对话、情景演练和听力材料，帮助学生提高口语交流的流利度和准确性。
三、拓展教材除了以上主要和辅助教材，西安交通大学还鼓励学生使用拓展教材来提高英语水平。
1.外语学院教师编写的教材西安交通大学外语学院的教师们也编写了许多教材供学生选用。
这些教材内容包括学术英语、商务英语、跨文化交际等领域，学生可以根据自己的兴趣和需求选择相应的教材进行学习。
2.原版英语教材为了提高学生对英语语言的感知度和阅读能力，西安交通大学也鼓励学生自主选择原版英语教材进行学习。
这些教材包括经典的小说、杂志和学术著作，帮助学生提高阅读理解和词汇量。
最新年西安交通大学网络教育专升本入学考试《大学英语》复习资料及参考答案3
2011年西安交通大学网络教育专升本入学考试高复习资料及参考答案大学英语（三）Part I Sound RecognitionDirections:There are 4 words marked A), B), C) and D ) in each group.Choose the one which underlined part has a differentpronunciation from the other three, then mark thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single linethrough the center.1. A. nurse B. thirsty C. universe D. surprise2. A. belief B. niece C. field D. variety3. A. surprised B. pleased C. refused D. increased4. A. temperature B. change C. average D. surface5. A. construction B. coral C. cross D.modelPart II Vocabulary and StructureDirections:There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choosethe one that best complete the sentence, t hen mark thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single linethrough the center.6. Last Sunday _____ had a picnic in Beihai Park.A. John, Mary and meB. John, I and MaryC. John, Mary and ID. I, John and Mary7. I know nothing about him _____ he is a teacher.A. besidesB. in additionC. except forD. except that8. You never told us why you were late for the party, _____?B. didn’t youC. had youD. did you A. weren’t you_____ to know the answer.9. He’ｓA. likelyB. probableC. maybeD. probably10. _____ I knew him better, I discovered that my impression had been right.A. WhichB. AsC. UntilD. Unless11. It isn’t quite_____ that he will he present at the meeting.A. certainB. sureC. rightD. exact12. He told her nothing, _____ upset her.A. thatB. for whichC. about whichD. which_____ it.13. It’s too expensive for me. I can’ｔA. spendB. costC. payD. afford14. Would you like me _____ the radio a bit?A. turning downB. to turn downC. turn downD. turneddown15. “I saw Mary in the library yesterday?” “You _____ her, she is still in hospital.” A. mustn’t have seenB. could not seeC. can’t have seenD. must not see16. ____ the south of Scotland is England, with London as its capital.A) On B) To C) In D) Of17. The first textbook ____ for teaching English as a foreign languagecame out in the 16th century.A) have written B) to be written C) being written D) written18. So many papers to ____, so much money to pay back.A) collect B) prove C) sign D) write19. In some parts of the world, tea ____ with milk and sugar.A) is serving B) is served C) serves D) served20. Here is my card. Let’s keep in ____.A) relation B) friendship C) connection D) touch21. With all work ____, I don’t know if I’ll have time to go out.A) to be done B) done C) to do D) doing22. You will find this map of great ____ in helping you to get roundLondon.A) price B) cost C) value D) usefulness23. These wild flowers are so special that I would do ____ I can to save them.A) that B) which C) whatever D) whichever24. She spoke in such a low voice that she could not make herself ____.A) hear B) heard C) to hear D) hearing25. I ____ English for five years now.A) was studying B) am studyingC) studied D) have been studyingPart III Reading comprehensionDirections: There are some passages i n this part. Each passage i s followed by some questions or unfinished statements. Foreach of them there are 4 choices marked A), B), C) and D).Choose the one that best complete the sentence, then markthe corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a singleline through the center.Passage Oneowners feel that their dogs are their best friends. Almost Most dogs’everyone likes dogs because they try hard to please their owners. One ofmy favorite stories is about a dog who wanted his owners to please him.One of my friends has a large German shepherd named Jack. EverySunday afternoon, my friend takes Jack for a long walk in the park. Jacklikes these long walks very much.One Sunday afternoon, a young man came to visit my friend. Hestayed a long time and he talked and talked. Soon it was time for myfriend to take Jack for his walk, but the visitor didn’t leave. Jack very worried about his walk in the park. He walked around the roomseveral times and then sat down directly in front of the visitor and lookedat him, but the visitor paid no attention. He continued talking. FinallyJack couldn't stand i t any longer. He went out of the room and came backa few minutes later. He sat down again in front of the visitor, but this time.he held the man’s hat in his mouth36. The dogs in general _____.A) tried hard to please his owner like other dogsB) tried hard to like his ownerC) tried hard to make his owner happyD) tried hard to make his owner please him37. Jack was the name of _____.A) one of my friends B) a dogC) a German sheep D) a German38. The dog sat down directly in front of the visitor _____.A) to look at him clearly B) to frighten himC) to listen to his talking D) because h e wanted theman to leaveit”in the sentence “Jack couldn’t stand it any 39. What does the word “longer” refer to?A) His walking around the room several times.B) His sitting in front of the visitor.C) His owner's visitor's staying and talking.D) His walking in the park.40. Why did the dog hold the visitor’s hat in his mouth this time?A) Because he wanted to play with the hat.B) Because he wanted to remind the visitor that he should leave.C) Because he was a friendly dog.D) Because he was angry with his owner.Passage TwoA man stayed in his house as a flood engulfed his town. Two men ina rowboat came to his house and offered to take him to safety. “No, thank you,” said the man, “God will help me.”As the waters rose, the man retreated to the second storey of his house. Now, two men in a motorboat came by and offered to rescue him. Again, the man declined, saying, “No, thank you. God will help me.”As the waters rose still higher, the man retreated again to the rooftopof his house. A helicopter came by, and someone inside it threw down a rope, urging the man to grab it and he pulled up into the helicopter. Once more, the man declined and said, “No, thank you. God will help me.” Just then a mighty voice called out to the man, “You idiot! I sent you a rowboat, a motorboat and now a helicopter. What more do you want meto do?”26. Which of the following do you think is the best title for this passage?A) A Man in Floods B) God Will Help MeC) A Town in Floods D) Different Ways to Help People out of Water27. Why didn’t the man enter the rowboat at first?A) Because he didn’t know the men in the boat.B) Because he thought he could retreat to a higher place.C) Because he was sure God would help him.D) Because he was sure he could take himself to safety.28. The underlined word “mighty” means _____.A) loud B) powerfulC) soft D) angry29. At the end of the passage, who called out to the man?A) The men in the rowboat.B) The men in the motorboat.C) Someone in the helicopter.D) God himself.30. What do you think of this man? He was _____.A) very faithful B) very stupidC) helpless D) uselessPassage ThreeWhen the TV viewer turns on his set, what sort of programs does he have to choose from? You might think there would be more programs devoted to entertainment than to anything else, but that’s not the case. In most countries, fewer than 20% of broadcasting hours are devoted to entertainment. U.S. figures are high—34.8%，and the fun loving Canadians are even higher with 44%. Except Canada and Italy, all countries give more broadcasting time to education than to either information (news, documentaries and so on) or entertainment programs. Of course, few educational broadcasts t ake place during peak viewing times. In Japan though, more than 60% of broadcasting time is taken up with education of one kind of another—just another example of thebusinesslike Japanese philosophy. In the U.K., the figure is 56.4%. The Italians have fewer educational programs than anyone else. They donin for entertainment either. Only about ten percent of viewing time is devoted to dramas and serials, quiz shows, music, sports, etc. You willfind more news information programs on Italian TV than anything else.That’s understandable in a country experiencing social and politicaland events are changes. Italians rely on TV to tell them what’s going on—happening almost too fast to follow. The percentage o f time the U.S. devoted to news and documentary programs is much smaller. After education, most TV time is given to entertainment. Many of these programs are shown around the world.41. Based on this passage, the percentage of TV broadcasting hoursdevoted to education is greatest in _______.A. JapanB. ItalyC. CanadaD. the United States42. More news information programs are broadcast on Italian TV thananywhere else because the Italians _______.A. are interested in what is happening in the worldB. like to undergo social and political changesC. prefer to learn news information on TV rather than in newspapersD. expect TV to tell them the latest news about what is going on intheir country43. So far as the broadcasting hours devoted to entertainment are concerned, _______.A. the Japanese figure is the highest in the worldB. the U. S. figure is smaller than the U.K. figureC. the U.K. figure is second to the Japanese figureD. the Canadian figure is higher than that of any other country44. From this passage, w e learn that most TV stations in the worlddevoted more broadcasting hours to _______.A. educational programsB. entertainment programsC. news information programsD. dramas, serials, music, sports and so on45. In the United States, _______.A. TV programs are shown for world audience to watchB. most of TV broadcasting hours are given to entertainmentC. educational programs are shown during peak viewing timesD. TV broadcasting hours devoted to education are more than thosedevoted to entertainmentPassage FourCopernicus was born in Torun, Poland, on February 19, 1473. Little is known about his early life except that his father died when he was 10. An uncle adopted him, his two sisters, and his brother. The uncle saw to itthat the two boys received a good education. Copernicus went to the University of Cracow. There he studied such subjects as Latin, mathematics, and astronomy. It was probably at that time that he changed his Polish name, Niklas Koppernigk, to the Latin form of Nicolaus Copernicus. In 1496 Copernicus went to Italy, where he spent the next 10 years studying at various universities.In Copernicus time people still believed that all things—the sun, the stars, and the planets—moved around the earth. It was an old belief that few men had ever questioned. Aristotle had based his theory of astronomy on this belief. Because the Church had long been the center of learning, the theory was also linked to religious beliefs.In 1506 Copernicus returned to his homeland. A few years later he began to work for the Church. All those years Copernicus carried on his work in astronomy. He had just the most basic equipment and, like other scientists of his day, made observations with only his eyes. Still, using mathematics and logic, Copernicus worked out a different theory, which held that the planets went around the sun.Copernicus did not announce his ideas. He did not want to make trouble. But he could not hide the scientific truth. So he talked about his theory with his friends, who strongly advised him to have his work published. His great book, On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies, appeared at the very end of his life. Copernicus saw the first copy on theday he died, May 24, 1543.31. Which of the following is TRUE about Copernicus？A. He had two brothers and a sister.B. He used to be called Niklas Koppernigk.C. He lost his father soon after he was born.D. He spent 10 years at the University of Cracow.32. From the passage we can see that Astronomy is ______.A. the life experience of great menB. the movement of the stars and the planetsC. the scientific study of natural objects in spaceD. the theories developed by scientists of old times33. Copernicus developed his theory ______.A. using various telescopesB. based on Aristotle’s beliefsC. through observations and reasoningD. under the encouragement of his friends34. The writer of the passage wants us to know that ______.A. Copernicus did not tell about his discovery until the day of his deathB. for many years Copernicus dared to do nothing openly against the ChurchC. pushed by his friends Copernicus decided to write a book in May1543D. shortly before he got back to Poland Copernicus started to work for the Church35. Copernicus had his great book published because ______.A. he didn’t agree with AristotleB. he could not hide the scientific truthC. he worked for the churchD. his friends advised him to do soPart IV ClozeDirections:In this part, you are required to read the following passage carefully and then choose the best answer from the 4 choicesmarked A), B), C) and D) . Then mark the correspondingletter on the Answer Sheet.Young people and older people do not always _46_. They always have different ideas about living, working, and playing. But in one special program in New York State, adults and teenagers live together in _47_.Each summer 200 teenagers and 50 adults live together for eight weeks _48_ members of a special group. Everyone works several hours each day. The aim is not just to keep busy. It is to find meaning and enjoyment in work. Some teenagers work in the woods or on farms near the village. Some learn to make furniture and to build houses. The _49_teach them these skills.There are several _50_ hours each day. Weekends are free too. During the hours some of the teenagers learn photography or painting. Others sit around and talk or sing. Each teenager chooses his own way to _51_ his free time.When people live together, rules are always _52_. In this program the teenagers and the adults make the rules together. If someone _53_ a rule, the problem goes before the whole group in order to be solved. They asked, “Why did it happen? _54_ should we do about it?”One of the teenagers has this to say about the experience: “You stop thinking only about yourself. You learn how to think about the _55_.”46. A) scold B) fight C) quarrel D)agree47. A) quarrel B) struggle C) argument D) peace48. A) like B) as C) with D) for49. A) farmers B) workers C) teenagers D) adults50. A) free B) busy C) working D) studying51. A) take B) waste C) kill D) spend52. A) unimportant B) important C) necessary D)useless53. A) makes B) follows C) breaks D) keeps54. A) When B) What C) How D) Where55. A) teenagers B) adults C) yourself D) group答案DDDBA CDDAB ADDBC BDCBD ACCBDCBDCB BCBDB ADDAD BCCBD DDBDADCCBD。
西安交通大学-西迁历史纪念馆_英文讲稿
Jiaotong University Histroy MusemWritten by YYoung Hello,everyone , welcome to Xi’an Jiao tong universit—an old university with glorious tradition and education heritage . Then it would be my honour to introduce our school’s histroy and development processGateThis is the gate of N.Y.C in the 1890s. u can touch it , as u can feel , in 1890s the material was also made of this material .First part: Histroy of Jiaotong UniversityPlz follow me to come to the first part , here we mainly introduce the establishment of our school. N.Y.C was set up in 1896 and lasted to 1904 . Here in 1928 the college changed its name into Jiao tong university bc of the Northern Expedition , and it broke away from the Transportation Department since it no longer existed . And at that time the location was in still in Shang hai .Not unitil 1956 did our school become independent and was called ―Xi’an Jiaotong University.Here it showes u the changes , as time is limited , I just pick out something important to say: at first Jiaotong university was made up of 3 parts : Tang shan mainly for civil engineering , which is now xi’nanjiaotong University ; Shang hai—Electric engineering ,machinary,and Transportation Management; and another one is in Beijing which later became Beijing Jiaotong University .part 2: The founders and presidentsCome here plz and u’ll know sth about our main presidents .esp. someone like He Sicun , T ang Wenzhi, Cai Y uanpei and so onHere are some other things e.g. this is the seal , our school badge, the alumni association , school motto , our school song.School emblem/badge: this is the original form our the school emblem as it appears on the tilte page of the 1904 yearbook, this one is in 1915 .And these two were designed by two student then . As you can see there is a shield, the same as the badge of Harvard and Y ale. It represents loyalty and the willing of serving the people .and that school emblem prior 1926 ,and then Jan. 1926 , this one is formally adopted . and this is the current one There thread-bound books means Chinese traditional culture and the books stand there represent western culture. And the scale means the balance between these two kinds of culture. And 1896 stand for the establishment of the University.School song : this is the school song of N.Y.C . then prior to 1917 , and that is the suggestion from Zhang Tianjin regarding ―the school song --->‖1928 ,Oct.--> the school song in English . This is the schoolsong music composed by Xiao Y oumei. And that is the official letter from then president Lizhaohuan ,dated March 22, inviting Xiao Y ou mei to compose music for school song . and the lyrics hereThe title of the song means becoming the light of the world, that is to say , hoping Jiao tong Uni can be a world-famous university. Now we are still going for itAnd this is the S chool’s code of ethics written by Lu Dingyi in September 1985The school motto appeared in the publication ―A Short History of Jiaotong University‖ published in June 1993An original appraisal of Nanyang Public College appearing in ―A History of the Qing Dynasty‖Main figuresPic：there are the main presidents before the Republic China .As u can see the person who found the N.Y.C ,and the first president ,and there are also some other important ones like Ling Hong xun ,he establish Xinzu Jiatong Uni in T aiwan.Sun Ke, his father Sun Zhongshan, is the pioneer in Chinese democratic revolution .And Cai Y uanpei, the famous educator,We will introduce them to you soon .Sheng xuande: born in wujin,Jiangsu province , he’s an eminent industrialist. Here is his letter for requesting funds from China steamship Merchant on behalf of Nan yang college(N.Y.C) .But he wasn't the first president of N.Y.C because he was quite busy as he was the third_ranking in Qing government .He sicun:from the same place as Sheng, in fact sheng promoted him :) and was appointed the first chanceller in 1896. And he was the third ranking in Qing Government at that time . and he wrote the school charter in 1897And sheng even proposed to Qing government to include He si cun’s biograghy to the National Archive.Zhang Jiyuan: born in Haiyan ,Zhejiang province, entered Qing Government after succeed in the highest level exam during the regin of Guangxu, and was responsible for international affairs .Cai Yuanpei(1868-1940), born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province; well-known democratic revolutionist, educator and scientist, becamethe president of Jiaotong University in February, 15,1928. But mainly in his life, he is well know since he is the president of Peking University This is an article by Cai Y uanpei included in ―The 40th Anniversary Magazine of Jiaotong University‖ in 1936Tang Wenzhi: he is an eminent educator and scholar of Chinese culture, was the President of Jiaotong University for 14 years from 1907 to 1920.He is really a respectable person. It is he who make Jiaotong Uni become famous for science all over the country. As u know the original wishes of Sheng Xuanhua is to build a Uni good at bussiness or foreign language. He is also very devoted,he gave students on Chinese traditional culture every weekend, even after his retirement he often went around the campus and saw how things were going.So in view of his contribution to the University we now have Tang Wenzhi scholarship ,right name after him :)In 1915, T ang Wenzhi was awarded the Medal of Honor at the Panama-Pacific International ExpositionAnd this is The record of the alumni attending the 30th anniversary celebration of Nanyang Public College (written by T ang Wenzhi)And in 1913 Tang drafted the national anthem of the Republic of ChinaYe Gongchuo born in Panyu, Guangdong Province; statesman, educator and calligrapher, became president of Jiaotong University in 1921. It was during his presidency that the name of the school was changed to ―Jiaotong University.‖And this is his sealThis pic shows the dedication of ―Gongchuo Hall‖ in 1947 in honor of President Y e Gongchuo.Since he’s good at literature , he wrote many books such as ―Collected Essays‖―Short essays in spare time‖ and this is the Collection of calligraphy and drawings by Mr. Y e GongzhuoLi ZhaoHuan: Although we can hardly give him some exact comments on him but one thing that is certain is that his contribution that he brought in MIT education system. It is because of this measure, students at that time can be admitted by MIT easily , much easier than today :)Here we come to another very important finger In school’s history—Pengkang, who was appointed by chairman Mao in 1952 ,and later in 1962 Premier Zhou Enlai reappointed him as the president ,and during his time Jiaotong university moved to the west.And this is an article commemorating him on our school magazine in 2001Memorial to the throne to authorize the universityHere Sheng xuande asked the government’s agreement on the establishment of Nangyang public College and Dacheng Hall . and here he said a modern school should be allowed to waive 2 examinations .And here is the moemrial to the throne by the Ministry of Post and Transportation concerning the appointment of a high official to supervise Shanghai schools of higher education. And this is Memorial to the throne by the Ministry of Academic Affairs on rewarding studentsAnd these pages are for the charter of Nangyang College ,some simple rules have already formed at that time ,sth like : stand up when the teacher enters , no smoking, no drinking and so on , these rules are still used nowadaysThere is a substantial collection of documents concerning teaching and research during the early period of the university’s history. Only a small selection of these is on display here. They include: minutes of the firstadministrative meeting of Nanyang Public College, student transcripts, compiled teaching materials, translated text books, and other documents. These materials provide a glimpse into the activities and accomplishments of the university at that time.These are the prizes these students won bc of the excellent assignment : Gold Medal from the 1904 St. Louis World’s FairAfter u see their assignment ,u will be shocked ,and see why they can get an international prize simply because of homework !Prizes awarded to our students’ projects at the World’s Fair held in Turin, Italy, in 1911the first prize awarded to our student s’pro jects at the Panama International Exposition in 1915.And this is the diploma ,resumes, conduction of a survey in1913, mentalworking factory in 1929,general chemistry laboratory in 1929, students doing practicum on automatic telephoning in1930….. much …remarks to graduates ..Jiaotong Female Students :Jiaotong University admitted female students in 1927 though not the earliest, still among the earily ones . However, at that time few female students can be admitted, with the result that in 1931 there were only 18 female students. But they all did quite a good job since they arestrong-willed ,intelligent and delicated . and they won several prizes at home or abroad and demonstrated a particular talent esp. in English public Speaking and Debating , and sports too. This is the photo of the famale volleyball team. To people’s surprise, the gold mental winners are all female students in our schools’ competition. In addition , among the very few female postgraduates in the period before the establishment of New China, there were two from Jiaotong University. They were Yi Xiaodong and Xia Peisu. Xia Peisu, studied at the Industry Institute from 1945 and 1947, and is now an academician and a doctoral advisor in the Computer Science Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. She is one of the pioneers of computer science and technology in China.PICS : there are the 18 female studentsFemale volleyball team in 1931Famous formal students of Jiaotong UniversityQian Xuesen (Chien Hsue-Sen) (1911- ), distinguished contemporary Chinese scientist; born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province; graduated in 1934 from the School of Mechanical Engineering of Jiaotong University; went the next year to the United States to pursue furtherstudy. In October 1955, overcoming numerous obstacles, Qian Xuesen returned to his homeland where he has worked with great success in the areas of applied mechanics, jet propulsion technology, aerodynamics and engineering cybernetics. He has made major contributions to the development of the Chinese rocket, guided missile and aerospace industries. He has received the Nation's Outstanding Scientist award and a national medal for meritorious service. He was named honorary Vice Chairman of the 6 th and 7th National Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conferences, and also served as a delegate at the 4th and 5th National People’s Congresses and as Chairman and Honorary Chairman of the Chinese Association of Science and Technology. He has been hailed as "the father of the Chinese missile" and as the "People's scientist".Jiang Zemin (1926-), born in Y angzhou, Jiangsu Province. He joined the CPC in April 1946 and graduated from the Electrical Engineering Department of Jiaotong University in 1947. He served as general secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, President of the People's Republic of China and Chairman of the Central Military Commission of the People's Republic of China. He returned to his alma mater three times, in 1989, 1993 and 2002.Lu Dingyi (1906-1996), born in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province; outstanding revolutionary leader of the Communist Party of China; graduated from the Electrical Engineering Department of Jiaotong University in 1926; made significant contributions to the development of public media and to the dissemination of the Party’s policies; served as Vice Premier of the State Council, Alternate Member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, Secretary of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee and Minister of the Central Publicity Ministry.Some others :Xu GuoZhang: at first there were not enough books for students in China to study English ,so later Mr Xu published several books which guide students to study English well , and these books are still in use in recent yrs . they are really classicsZhou Jian nan: the father of Zhou xiao chuan . Wu Wenjun : a famous specialist in the field of mathmaticsInternational exchanges :Nanyang Public College, with an educational philosophy which combined Chinese fundamental learning with western practicallearning (Science and technology), and sought to introduce the western model of education, and to develop a new type of profesional. To this end, it cultivated frequent contacts with foreign countries and foreign cultures, which in turn exercised a strong influence on the institution.Ferguson (1866-1945), was an American missionary from Massachusetts, who adopted the Chinese name Fu Maosheng. After his graduation from Boston University, he came to China to do missionary work. He had once served as the Dean of the Nanjing Huiwen College and was an advisor to Sheng Xuanhuai, Zhang Zhidong, Y uan Shikai, Xu Shichang, and a number of other politicians and warlords of the period. He also worked in journalism; he founded several newspapers in Shanghai, including ―The Gazette‖and the ―Shanghai Times,‖ and became something of a celebrity in China’s modern newspaper society. From 1897 to 1901, he served as the Dean of the Nanyang Public College. As such, he participated in the selection o f the school’s site, and the design of its teaching buildings; he also recommended the employment of a number of foreign teachers, and participated actively in the administration of the school, where he introduced a number of advanced management techniques which had been developed abroad. In 1902, he was named Secretary-General of the National Railway Company by Sheng XuanhuaiI have to mention that at that time foreign teachers get very high salary just like they do today . During that period , Ferguson is the vice-president ,but he got 350 per month ,but the president ,u know the first one ,He Sicun got only 100 per month .At that time many subjects ,like mathematics ,physics ,chemistry ,biology and so on were all taught by foreigners .A group of students who had been named receipients of nationalscholarships to study in the U.S. (1916)Photo – this is the photo – T ang Zhiwen with the school football .. at that time football looks more like basketball, don’t misunderstand the N.Y.C doesn’t stand 4 New Y ork City, it means Nang Y ang College ☺The process of the move ☺For some compicated reasons ,the party decide to move Jiaotong university from Shanghai to Xi’an . in fact at first there were 3 choices :Xi’an. Lan zhou and Luoyang But after some exploration Xi’an became the best choice.Step 1: propose the move entire Jiaotong University west ;Step 2 ; suggest moving the main part west, and only leave some department concerning ship ,sea in shanghai; step 3 : decide to establish 2 independent universitiesHere are some files ---this is the Ministry of Higher Education’s plan for the move ;he decision on relocation by the Administrative Affairs Committee of Jiaotong University, as reported in JIAO DA (newspaper) on June 11, 1955Ministry of Higher Education directive concerning the move of coastal universities to the inland region in accordance with Central Government policyThe front-page of JIAO DA on June 11, 1955―Plan for Moving Jiaotong University (Summary)‖ from JIAO DA, June 11, 1955―Mr. Lin Feng’s report to the Central Committee at the meeting concerning cultural and educational affairs for the year of 1955‖ (July 12, 1955)―O n the relocation of Jiaotong Universit y‖-- an urgent telegraphic message sent by the Municipal Party Committee of Shanghai (June 27, 1956)Proposal submitted to the State Council and Premier Zhou Enlai by Y ang Xiufeng, the Party Secretary of the Ministry of Higher Education (July 3, 1956)Benefit or not ? ---Argumentsin fact for this move, there existed lots of argument since lots of people don’t thing this kind of action will bring any good . Here are some news : JIAO DA (May 15, 1957): Student representatives expressing their opinions on the move at the second meeting of the 10th session of the Student UnionJIAO DA (March 15th, 1957): Students writing and reading posters concerning the moveJIAO DA (March 25，1957): Opinions concerning the move to the west Peoples’D aily (June 19, 1957): Y ang Xiufeng, the Minister of Higher Education, presents the views of Premier Zhou Enlai on the move of Jiaotong University at a talk in ShanghaiJiefang Daily (June 23, 1957): Jiaotong University is committed to the development of the northwestJIAO DA (June 24, 1957, supplement): President Peng Kang’s personal opinion on the university’s move --- of course he supports the move Qian Xuesen’s letter: Letter supporting the move from Professor QianXuesen (Chien Hsue-Sen), an alumnus of Jiaotong University and the director of the Institute of Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Science Xi’an Daily (June 25,1957): The First Secretary of the Municipal Party Committee of Shanghai proposes that the entire university be moved to Xi’an.Xi’an Daily (June 26, 1957): The majority of the faculty and staff of the Xi’an campus of Jiaotong University agree that the entire university should be moved to Xi’an.Letter from Guo Moruo, Director of the Chinese Academy of Science, urging that the university in its entirety be moved to Xi’anXi’an Daily (June 28, 1957): Joint meeting of the presidents of university student associations in Xi’an endorses the move of the entire university to Xi’an.Guangming Daily(July 2, 1957):Jiaotong University decides to establish two campuses, one in Xi’an and one in Shanghai,under a single leadership.T he State Council’s official approval of the plan to move Jiaotong University to Xi’anIndependent:For the convenince of management ,the State Council’s official recognize Shanghai Jiaotong University and Xi’an Jiaotong University as two independent universities (July 31, 1959);here is The Ministry of Education’s report on the proposal to establish Shanghai Jiaotong University and Xi’an Jiaotong University as two independent universities (June 2, 1959).And our school is renamed Xi’an Jiaotong University , this is the news appeared on Jiao DA;This is Official authorization to use the new ―X i’an Jiaotong University‖ sealCampus construction: Something new each dayThis is a photo of President Peng Kang, Ren Menglin (Director of Facilities Management), Vice Dean Zhu Wuhua, Professor Zhou Zhihong, and Professor Zhong Zhaolin they were visiting the site of the university’s future campus (May, 1955)And this series of photo shows the construction of the new campus ;This is an article on JiaoDa saying that a group of shops relocated from Shanghai open their doors for business on September 26, 1956 Working non-stop on the new Mechanical Engineering building;JIAO DA (June 11, 1956): The campus landscaping work is about tobegin.New campus under construction (1956)This is the campus scene;Campus Gate :The campus Gate in 1957—the north gate ;A view of central ;The new school gate with the original sign reading ―Jiaotong University‖ (1957)The University’s Great Relocation:Announce the names of the first group of staff members to be relocated from Shanghai to X i’an;Began to move factory facilities and classroom equipment west;And this is the photo of the teachers and staff of the Division of Descriptive Geometry and Engineering Drawing of the School of Ship Building in June 1956;Photo of the staff of the University kindergarten before the move to Xi’an in June, 1956)JIAO DA on Jun.25, 1956 reported about the first group of family members arrive in X i’an.;Photo of The staff of the Financial Office before the move in June 1956. Then we come to a very interesting activity-- A long distance race symbolizing the trip from Shanghai to Xi’an on June,9th ,1956. Though it’s just an imaginary activity but people didn’t shorten the distance ,the real distance reached ______ km, and every classAnother report from JIAO DA : More than one thousand tons of teaching materials and equipment transported to Xi’an and Chengdu ; The office of the Jiaotong University newspaper - JIAO DA – is moved from Shanghai to Xi’an; the Shanghai campus continues to produce a regular supplement for the newspaper. (From the JIAO DA supplement of September 26, 1956)Opening ceremony for the 1956-57 academic year -- the first taking place in Xi’an in September, 1956. It was held in Cao Peng since at that time school didn’t have a place that can hold so many people . and in fact A grand ceremony to celebrate the beginning of the new academic year is held in the Xi’an’s Great Hall of the People. (September, 1956)And these newspapare shows that Jiaoda have the confidence in this making the move successful ,they swear to make the valueableinstruments and equipment arrive in xi’an safely ;And this is Xi’an campus preparing to celebrate the 61st anniversary of Jiaotong University (1957);Views :Students’dormitory on the new campus; the classroom building on the new campus; Outside the dormitory for teachers and staff on the new campus –all taken in 1956.Details in school life – remind u of the past ~!Registration card of alumnus Hong Xinghua;Diploma awarded to the first graduating class of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityLetter of admission to Jiaotong University sent to alumnus Hong Xinghua (August 10, 1956)Meal tickets distributed by the Food Service Department of the university in September, 1956bus pass (verso, September 2, 1956)Envelope originally containing Hong Xinghua’s admission letter (recto, September 5, 1956)the expectations and concerns of the university’s leardershipMinister of Higher Education Y ang Xiufeng on an official visit to the Xi’an campus. (October 20, 1956)Provincial Party Committee member Zhao Shouyi speaking on campus Comrade Xi Zhongxun visits the ―red experts‖ exhibition. (JIAO DA, August 31, 1958)Vice-Premier Xi Zhongxun (first from the left) visiting the science exhibition hall during an inspection tour of the campus (From 1959 Jiaotong University Yearbook)Mr. Lu Dingyi, accompanied by President Peng Kang, touring the campus on November 5, 1958Lu Dingyi’s inspection report (JIAO DA, November 12, 1958)Lu Dingyi, Vice-Premier and alternate member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee (first from the left) on a supervisory inspection tour of the campus (from 1959 Jiaotong University Y earbook) Qian Xuesen (Chien Hsue-Sen) (first from right) meeting informally with faculty members and students (September 19, 1959)Qian Xuesen (front left), accompanied by Vice-President Su Zhuang (front right), visiting his alma materCampus visit by Comrade Lu Dingyi (JIAO DA, November 6, 1958)Alumnus Qian Xuesen visits the campus. (JIAO DA, September 23, 1959) Strong support for local industry and agricultureSupport for the economic development of Y an'an (JIAO DA, July 31, 1958) Visiting the exhibition (JIAO DA, August 4, 1958)Supporting the iron and steel industry in Shangluo (JIAO DA, August 14, 1958)Annual meeting of model workers and model production units (1958 Rushing to visit Chairman Mao’s former residence (JIAO DA, August 25, 1958)Rushing to visit Chairman Mao’s former reside nce (JIAO DA, August 25, 1958)Collaborating with workers on oil and gas production research (1958) Teachers from the Department of Mechanical Engineering working on designs for a boiler factory in Xi’an (July 1958)Students from the XJTU Deparment of Hydraulic Engineering doing a water survey at Y ulin (1958)The second group of ―sent down‖ cadres at Y an’an (June 1959)―Sent down‖ cadres from XJTU participating in collective labor at Guaimao and Y anhui, villages near Y an’an (1958)The Central Committee of the Communist Y outh League commending the university Y outh League for advancing the cause of socialism (November, 1958)Leaders of university-supported rural production teams presenting award banners (1958)Working in Y an'an at the time of the ―Great Leap F orward‖H onor roll of members of the first group of ―sent down‖ cadres posted outside the university’s Administration Building （1958）Scientific research at the Three Gorges: Studying a ship elevator (1959 Y earbook)Administrative and academic structuresA listing of the university’s majors (University Catalog, 1958)Training professionalsDistinguished TeachersAdministration and service。
西交大-硕士英语综合教程2译文
硕士综合英语教程2Unit 1成功机构，以人为本“我们公司的经营模式是公司和每一位员工共同成功，绝不落下任何人，这也是成功经营一个企业的典范……”——霍华德·舒尔茨1.英特尔公司奉行它。
微软、摩托罗拉、戈尔、西南航空公司、班杰瑞、惠普、林肯电气以及星巴克也都奉行它。
它是什么？它就是这些公司所奉行的“以人为本”的策略。
2.越来越多的例子证明，成功的组织都是以人为本的。
为什么？因为精明的经理人们已经认识到他们企业的员工才是它们唯一真正的竞争优势。
竞争者可以在产品、工艺、选址、销售渠道等诸多方面与其不相上下，但却很难效仿的是拥有一支由专业素质高和工作动机强的人组成的劳动力队伍。
几乎在所有的行业，那些成功的公司之所以超越它们的对手们，主要的区别就在于他们所能够得到和留住想要的人。
3.哪些做法才能区分以人为本的公司呢？我们至少可以列出四条：第一，它们重视文化的多样性。
它们根据年龄、性别和种族积极寻求一支多元化的员工队伍。
第二，它们具有家庭氛围。
公司通过为其员工提供灵活的工作时间以及现场托儿服务设施等帮助员工平衡工作和个人职责之间的关系。
第三，它们对员工培训进行投资。
这些公司花费巨资以确保员工的技能水平始终保持最新状态。
这不仅确保员工可以处理该公司的最新技术和工艺，而且还使这样的员工极具市场竞争力。
第四，以人为本的公司将权力下放给员工。
它们将权力和义务下放到公司的最底层。
4.那些奉行以人为本的组织拥有一支更敬业、更忠诚的工作团队。
因而这样的团队精神转化成了高生产率和工作满意度。
这些员工会愿意做出更大的努力——为了准确彻底地完成他们的工作，他们会全力以赴。
我们来看一看其中的一个因奉行“以人为本”而取得成功的公司：星巴克。
星巴克的卓越成就5.让你在咖啡中醒来！——星巴克无处不在。
作为世界首屈一指的专业咖啡零售商，星巴克在世界上30多个国家开设和授权开设了8000多家咖啡店。
这些咖啡店销售各种各样的咖啡饮品、食物、咖啡及咖啡用品。
生英语综合教程1(西交大)部分课文翻译
硕士综合英语教程1参考译文Unit 1创建低碳经济概述1. 对于主要由人类活动而迅速积累的温室气体引发了全球变暖这一事实，没有人再持有异议。
除非我们协同一致，快速转向低碳经济，否则全球变暖的趋势将会愈演愈烈。
这一危机日益彰显逼近。
正如获得2007年诺贝尔和平奖的联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）主席拉金德拉?帕乔里所声称的：“如果在2012年之前我们还没有采取行动，那就为时已晚了。
我们在未来两到三年中的所作所为将决定我们的未来。
这是决定性的时刻。
”2. 同工业化前的水平相比，地球平均温度已经上升了0.8摄氏度（1.4华氏度左右），速度为自1975年以来每十年增加0.2摄氏度；如果我们仍然一意孤行，那么温度还会继续发生永久性的变化。
这种温度变化听起来似乎不大，但事实并非如此。
最后一个冰河时代时的全球平均气温不过比现今低约5.4摄氏度（9.7华氏度）。
3. 很多权威的气候学家们都曾发出过这样的警告：如果我们现在的温度超过工业化前2摄氏度（3.6华氏度）的话，我们将会迈进一个危险的未知国度。
没有人能知道到底全球变暖具体达到多少度会变得无法控制，并且造成像干旱、洪水、飓风以及热浪等自然灾害的逐渐恶化，造成诸如格陵兰岛或西南极洲大冰原坍塌以及伴随的全球海平面上升等意外的灾难性变化。
但是我们还依然在我们唯一的家园上不断做着危险而又不受约束的尝试，这也是为什么越来越多的年轻人开始将气候变化视为他们这一代人的一项挑战。
4. 《华盛顿邮报》4月刊报导到：“对于许多儿童和青年而言，全球气候变暖无异于当今的原子弹。
对于环境危机的担忧正影响着这一代人，正如经济大萧条、第二次世界大战、越南战争和冷战等等挥之不去的‘战争游戏’影响了20世纪的灵魂一样。
”5. 有些可怕的预测可能并不会发生，但考虑到那些最优秀的科学家们发出的警告，如果我们再冒险尝试将是极不负责任的做法。
科学家告诉我们，如果我们不尽快采取行动，想要避免全球变暖引发的最严重恶果则为时晚矣。
陕西省西安交大阳光中学高中英语 Unit 1 Festivals ar
Unit 1 Festivals around the world第课时课题名称时间第周星期课型Words and expressions主备课人目标1. Learn some useful words and expressions in this whole unit.: beauty, harvest, celebration, starve, religious, ancestor, belief, gain, independence, gather, agriculture, award, admire, energetic, custom, permission, apologize, obvious, arrival, feast.2. Study the pronunciation of the key words.3. Preview the whole unit.重点To get familiar with the pronunciation and meaning of key words and expressions. 二次备课难点How to distinguish pronunciations and key words freely.自主学习学习方法指导：第一步：写出所给单词的音标；第二步：大声朗读三遍，注意画线字母的发音；第三步：依次写出画线字母的音标。
从单词表找出下列词汇的音标，并熟读。
注意画线字母的发音。
harvest［］origin［］religious［］ancestor［］feast［］belief ［］gather［］a gricu lture［］award［］admire［］fool［］obvious［］依次写出上面单词画线字母的音标：［］［］［］［］［］［］［］［］［］［］［］［］问题生成记录：精讲互动Warming up1.美 ____________2.丰收 ______________3. 月饼_____________ 1.发生 __________ 2.另外三个 ____________ 3.不同节日 ____________4.秋天 __________5. 圆月_______________Reading1. 庆祝____________2. 挨饿______________3. 起源______________4. 宗教的 _________5. 祖先 _____________6. 信仰______________7. 诗人____________10.独立 __________8. 抵达______________11.聚集_______________9. 获得_________________12.奖品______________ 1.纪念,追念________2.盛装,打扮_____________3.搞恶作剧______________4.期望,期待________5.日夜,整天_____________6. 好像_________________7.玩得开心_________10.纪念死者________13.赏月____________8.对—有害___________11.以---形式_____________9.扫墓__________________12.聚会________________15.压岁钱_______________14.由---覆盖_____________Using language1.出现,到场_______2.守信用______________3. 屏息,屏气____________4.道歉____________ 7.提醒____________5.明显的_______________8.用---消愁____________6.出发,使爆炸_______9.擦桌子_______________词汇拓展：1. beauty (adj.)___________ 6.admire (n.)______________2. starve (n..)______________ 7.energy (adj)______________3. season（adj.）____________ 8.permission (v.)____________4.belief (v.)_____________ 9.apologize (n.)_____________5. arrive (n.)_____________达标训练任务一：选出与所给词划线部分发音相同的单词。
硕士英语综合教程参考答案 西安交大出版社 李欣 游建荣
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b. English to Chinese
1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.
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2) Read the following passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.
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3. Close
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4. Translation a. Chinese to English
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2) Translate the following paragraphs into English.
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使用说明
因为考试要求只有unit 1、3、4、6、7、8、 9 因此下附以下单元答案。其他单元不讲也 不考
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精品资料
你怎么称呼老师？
如果老师最后没有总结一节课的重点的难点，你是 否会认为老师的教学方法需要改进？
你所经历的课堂，是讲座式还是讨论式？ 教师的教鞭
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2) Read the following passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.
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Text B a.
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西安交通大学校内英语教材
西安交通大学校内英语教材West Transportation University English CoursebookIntroduction:The English coursebook for West Transportation University is designed to provide comprehensive language instruction to students in order to enhance their English proficiency. This coursebook covers a wide range of topics, including grammar, vocabulary, reading comprehension, speaking, and listening skills. With its user-friendly layout and engaging content, it aims to facilitate effective language learning and communication.Chapter 1: GrammarIn this chapter, students will explore various grammatical concepts and structures. Topics include verb tenses, sentence structure, parts of speech, and punctuation. Each topic is presented in a clear and concise manner, accompanied by abundant examples and exercises to reinforce understanding and application.Chapter 2: VocabularyThis chapter focuses on expanding students' vocabulary repertoire. It introduces essential words and phrases related to different subjects and daily life situations. To facilitate learning, vocabulary is presented in thematic units, with definitions, synonyms, antonyms, and example sentences provided. Furthermore, exercises and activities are incorporated to help consolidate and reinforce the newly learned words.Chapter 3: Reading ComprehensionThe reading comprehension section aims to improve students' understanding of written texts. Various genres, such as news articles, academic essays, and literary excerpts, are included to expose students to different writing styles. The texts are followed by comprehension questions and exercises to assess understanding, promote critical thinking, and enhance reading skills.Chapter 4: SpeakingThis chapter focuses on developing students' oral communication skills. It covers topics such as pronunciation, intonation, making presentations, and engaging in conversations. Through interactive activities, role-plays, and discussions, students are encouraged to communicate in English and gain confidence in expressing their ideas fluently.Chapter 5: ListeningThe listening section aims to improve students' listening comprehension abilities. Authentic audio materials, such as interviews, dialogues, and lectures, are included to expose students to various accents and speech patterns. Comprehension questions, dictations, and other exercises are provided to enhance listening skills and foster better understanding of spoken English.Chapter 6: WritingThe writing section focuses on developing students' writing skills for different purposes and genres. It covers topics like essay writing, email communication, and formal letters. Students are guided through the writing process, including brainstorming, organizing ideas, and proofreading.Additionally, grammar and vocabulary exercises are integrated to enhance writing proficiency.Conclusion:The West Transportation University English coursebook is a comprehensive and well-structured resource for students aiming to improve their English language proficiency. Its diverse range of topics and interactive exercises cater to different learning styles and needs. With consistent practice and guidance, students can develop their language skills, enabling effective communication in both academic and professional settings.。
硕士英语综合教程参考答案_西安交大出版社_李欣_游建荣
Text A 1. Reading Comprehension
2. Vocabulary
3. Close
4. Translation a. Chinese to English
2) Translate the following paragraphs into English.
练习题参考答案
Text A 1. Reading Comprehension
2. Vocabulary
3. Close
4. Translation a. Chinese to English
2) Translate the following paragraphs into English.
Text B a.
b.
c.
研究生英语创新教育系列教材
硕士英语综合教程（1）
Unit 7 Mass Media
练习题参考答案
Text A 1. Reading Comprehension
2. Vocabulary
3. Close
4. Translation a. Chinese to English
2) Read the following passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.
Text B a.
b.
c.
研究生英语创新教育系列教材
硕士英语综合教程（1）
Unit 6 Urban Life
b. English to Chinese
1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.
西安交通大学硕士生英语课本
Put forth 拿出，发挥等。
I’ve put forth effort to catch the bird, but finally it flew out of my hand. Put into action 实行，实施；开动Regardless of =in spite ofRegardless of what you are and what you are doing, I must affirm my original judgement.Reach out to = show sb that you want to help them.When you are in depression, just reach out to jesus.Be on the go = be very active and busy.Because the United States is a highly active society,full of change and movement. people always seem to be on the go.Interact with = communicate withBeing on the front line requires communications, be it communication in training employees to perform their job properly, or communication with customers.Be it 为虚拟语气，省略了might ,采取倒装语序。
Come into contact withNobody comes into contact with such meanful person.Coupled with外加，加上All in all = when everything is consideredAll in all, hardly an imagine of paradise.At the rate of 以….的速度/比例It’s little wonder that new stores continue to open at the rate of three to five every week, and employees are making careers at Starbucks instead of dropping out.Drop out = no longer take part in or be part of sth.辍学，离开，脱离。
完整word版新编英语教程4课文背诵
完整word版新编英语教程4课文背诵Unit 1 This Year It's Going to Be Different New Year's resolutions are like anything else--you get out of them what you put in.Judging from results of other years,I had never put enough in,but this year was going to be different.I read books on self-improvement before I wrote my list.Find some beauty in everything...Make the other fellow feel important...About thirty like that.Pretty clearly,anyone who followed my collection of rules would be blessed with a richer life,boundless love from his family,and the admiration of the community.I could hardly wait until New Year's Day.When I came downstairs Maggie,my wife,was at the kitchen sink.I t iptoed over and kissed her on the back of the neck.(Resolution No.1:Be spontaneous in showing affection.)She shrieked and dropped a cup.“Don't ever sneak up on me like that again!”she cried.Unit 2 EnglishesOf course a scale of styles exists in all our use of English.Each of us works not just with one English but with many Englishes,and the wider the range of our life and the more various the contacts we have,the wider and suppler must be our command over a range of English styles,each of which we know how to use consistently.Aknowledge of several styles may be worse than useless if haphazardwe do not know when we are sliding from one to another.We do not say,“It was extremely gracious of you to invite me,Lady Jones,and I've had bags of fun,”because“bags of fun”does not mix with“extremely gracious”,and because to use anexpressionlike“bags of fun,”we should need to know Lady Jones well enough to be addressing her by her first name.bags of fun can be It is not--we must never tire of insisting--that labelled“bad”or“slovenly”English,“alazysubstitute forthought”,“Bags of fun”is no more a lazy substitute for thought in itsappropriate setting than is“extremely gracious”in the setting that isthis expression.As we have seen repeatedly,it is the appropriate forheight of naivety to go round with a single yardstick,measuring English as“good”or “bad”.Take the opening suggested earlier for aninformal letter:“My dear Frank,it was awfully nice to get your note the other day.”Here are the words that would greatly please the receiver with their warmth and friendliness,yet they include awfullyget nice,three words which have been and condemned so ,often that many people cannot write them without having a slight feeling of guilt. They have been called “slovenly”andeven“meaningless”.Such an attit ude is plainly ridiculous and can use of English.do nothing but harm to the goodSalvationUnit 3I was saved from sin when I was going on thirteen.But notreally saved.It happened like this.There was a big revival at my Auntie Reed's church.Every night for weeks there had been much preaching,singing,praying,and shouting,and some very hardened sinners who had been brought to Christ,and the membership of the church had grown by leaps and bounds.Then just before the revival ended,they held a special meeting for children,“to bring the young lambs to the fold”.My aunt spoke it for days ahead.That night I was escorted to the front row and placed on the mourners' bench with all the other young sinners,who had not yet been brought to Jesus. My aunt told me that when you were saved you saw a light,andsomething happened to you inside!And Jesus came into your life!And God was with you from then on!She said you could see and hear and feel Jesus in your soul.I believed her.I have heard a great many old people say the same thing and it seemed to me they ought to know.So I sat there calmly in the hot,crowdedchurch,waiting for Jesus to come to me.The preacher preached a wonderful rhythmical sermon,all moans and shouts and lonely cries and dire pictures of hell,and then he sang a song about the ninety and nine safe in the fold,but one little lamb was left out in the cold.Then he said:“Won't you come?Won't you come to Jesus?Young lambs,won't you come?”And he held out his arms to all of us young sinners there on the mourners' bench.And the little girl cried.And some of them jumped up and went to Jesus right away.But most of us just sat there.Unit 4 Writing Between the LinesYou know you have to read“between the lines”to get the most out of anything.I want to persuade you to do somethingequally important in the course of your reading.I want to persuade youto“write between the lines”.Unless you do,you are not likely to do the most efficient kind of reading.I contend,quite bluntly,that marking up a book is not an act of mutilation but of love.There are two ways in which one can own a book.The first is the property right you establish by paying for it,just as you pay for clothes and furniture.But this act of purchase is only the prelude to possession.Full ownership comes only when you have made it a part of yourself,and the best way to make yourself a part of it is by writing in it.An illustration may make the point clear.You buy a beefsteak and transfer it from the butcher's icebox to your own.But you do not own the beefsteak in the most important sense until you consume it and get it into your bloodstream.I am arguing that books,too,must be absorbed in your bloodstream to do you any good.There are three kinds of book owners.The first has all the standard sets and best sellers--unread,untouched.The second has a great many books--a few of them read through,most of them as clean and shiny as the day they were bought.(This person would probably like to make books his own,but is restrained by a false respect for their physical appearance.)The third has a few books or many--every one of them dog-eared and dilapidated,shaken and loosened by continual use,marked and scribbled in from front to back.Unit 5 Network Designer--TimBerners-LeeWant to see how much the world has changed in the past decade?Log on to the Internet,launch a search engine and typein the word“enquire”（British spelling,please).You'll get about 30,000 hits.It turns out you can“enquire”about nearly anything online thesedays,fromusedHarleyDavidsonsforsaleinSydney,Australia(“Enquire about touring bikes,Click here!”),to computer-training-by-e-mail courses in India(“where excellence is not an act but a habit”).Click once to go to a site in Nairobi and enquire about booking shuttle reservations there.Click again,and zip off to Singapore,to a company that specializes in“pet moving.”Enquire about buying industrial-age nuts and boltsNewupstate from“the Bolt Boys”in Sout h Africa,or teddy bears in York.Exotic cigar labels!Four-poster beds for dogs!So what,you say?Everybody knows that with a mouse,a modemand access to the Internet,these days you can point-and-click anywhere on the planet,unencumbered by time or space or long-distance phone tariffs.Unit 6 Predators,Parasites and Other Relationships The living things in an ecosystem affect each other in many ways.The consumers that kill other animals for food are called predators.The word predator usually bring to mind pictures of lions and wolves,but such creatures as robins,frogs,and humansare also predators.Some predators,carnivores such as lions,depend entirely on animals they kill while many others,such as foxes and humans,eat plant food too.Some people think of pred ators as“bad”,though humans themselves are the greatest predators the world hasknown.Sometimes individual predators do prey upon farm animals,and these individuals have to be controlled.Too often,however,people try to wipe out entire populations of predators,with the mistaken idea that they are doing good. People usually believe that predators have an easy time of it,killing defenseless prey.But studies of predators and their prey Africa,Dr.Georgein tigers observing so.After isn't this that showSchaller wrote:“The tiger's seemingly unbeatable array of。
硕士研究生英语综合教程(西交大版)unit：1-7
UNIT 1 Low-Carbon Economy2. Vocabulary(1) adverse (2) stark (3) inflict (4) systematically (5) triggered(6)improvident (7) incurred (8) alternative (9) lost out on (10) settled onB C A D B C A D C D3. Cloze(1) embraced (2) sped up (3) running out (4) urgency(5) initiative (6) specific (7) designated (8) contribute(9) incorporate (10) hampering (11) reward (12) involved(13) adverse (14) adaptive (15) vulnerability (16) alternative(17) context (18) due to (19) compensation (20) scheduled4. Translationa. Chinese to English1) Translate the following sentences into English.(1) Bending under the weight of the packs, sweating, they climbed steadily in the pine forest that covered the mountainside.(2) Concentrating on time passing, as we do when bored, will trigger brain activity which will make it seem as though the clock is ticking more slowly.(3) Unemployment shot up in France during the second quarter, and the country’s top finance official said the situation will continue to aggravate even if a global economic recovery gathers pace. It was the worst quarterly unemployment in France since early 2006.(4) As social practice continues to develop, we should keep renewing our ideas and make innovations courageously in light of practical needs.(5) Bicycles are regarded as an economical alternative to buses whose fares have increased 3 times in the past few years.(6) The U.S. government has called on people to save water because the scarcity of water has become a source of global tension ecologically, economically and politically.(7) In order to be a recognized leader in the industry, it’s essential for a company to improve production quality and tap the overseas market through the help of state-of-the-art technologies and equipment.(8) If you are thinking about coming to Britain for Christmas, it might be a good idea to think again. That’s because thousands of Christmas travelers have been stranded in the UK as adverse weather conditions caused massive disruption to the transport infrastructure.2) Translate the following paragraphs into English.Scientists say the warming of the planet will be gradual, but that extreme weather events will increase in frequency and intensity. They say the effects of more storms, floods, droughts and heat waves will be abrupt and profound. The World Health Organization says the effects of so-called climate-sensitive diseases already are killing millions of people.Climate change is a global phenomenon. While no country will be exempt, she says its consequences will not be evenly distributed. The WHO chief says poor countries that already are struggling with huge problems will be most affected. Fragile health systems in the developing world will come under increased stress. They will have great difficulty coping with the increased burden of disease and other health problems.b. English to Chinese1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.很多权威的气候学家们都曾发出过这样的警告: 如果我们现在的温度超过工业化前2摄氏度(3.6华氏度)的话,我们将会迈进一个危险的未知国度。
西安交通大学网络教育学院(专升本)《大学英语(四)-学习指南》
易
西安交大
大学英语（一）
IV.
unit5 IV.
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translation
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作业集页码
1-d, 2-a, 3-f, 4-c, 5-b, 6-h, 7-e, 8-g
9． Feasibility, 10． Expand, 11． presently 12． Approximately, 13． monotonous
14-18 ABCBB
19-23 ABDAB
24-28 BDDDA 34-38 ABACB
29-33 DBCAB 39-43 BDADD
44-48 BACDB 49-53 DCABA
54. The more passions we have, the more happiness we are likely to experience. 我们的激情越多，我们有可能体验到的快乐就越多 。 55. In the world, soccer or football is the most popular sport.在世界 上足球是最流行的体育运动。 56. A dog is always well-known as a clever and friendly animal. 狗是 大家所熟知的聪明友善的动物
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学校名称 课程名称 题号 作业集中 题号 知识点 题型 难度
西安交大
大学英语（一）
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unit8 I.
西安交大版硕士英语综合教程课后参考答案
西安交大版硕士英语综合教程1 课后参考答案Unit 1 LowCarbon EconomyText A Creating a Low Carbon Economy→III. Key to the Exercises1. Reading Comprehensiona. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.1. B2. B3. A4. C5. Bb. Fill in the blanks with the information you’ve learned in the text.1 the result of the rapid build up of greenhouse gases primarily caused by human activities; we begin a concerted, rapid shift towarda low carbon economy2 climate represents the envelope within which all our natural systems operate3 the increased costs of damage from extreme weather events such as floods, droughts, hurricanes, heat waves, and major storms; the risk that such events affect global financial markets through higher or more volatile insurance costs; and the risk of abrupt and large scale climate change4 Scientific analysis of historic climate data and projections of future conditions, and state of the art computer models painta stark picture of what is to come5 keeping average temperature to an increase in the range of 2.0℃to 2.4℃2. Vocabularya. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text.1 adverse2 stark3 inflict4 systematically5 triggered6 improvident7 incurred8 alternative9 lost out on10 settled onb. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.1 B2 C3 A4 D5 B6 C7 A8 D9 C10 D3. ClozeChoose an appropriate word or phrase from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each one can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary.1 embraced2 sped up3 running out4 urgency5 initiative6 specific7 designated8 contribute9 incorporate10 hampering11 reward12 involved13 adverse14 adaptive15 vulnerability16 alternative17 context18 due to19 compensation20 scheduled4. Translationa. Chinese to English1 Translate the following sentences into English.1 Bending under the weight of the packs, sweating, they climbed steadily in the pine forest that covered the mountainside.2 Concentrating on time passing, as we do when bored, will trigger brain activity which will make it seem as though the clock is ticking more slowly.3 Unemployment shot up in France during the second quarter, and the country’s top finance official said the situation will continue to aggravate even if a global economic recovery gathers pace. It was the worst quarterly unemployment in France since early 2006.4 As social practice continues to develop, we should keep renewing our ideas and make innovations courageously in light of practical needs.5 Bicycles are regarded as an economical alternative to buses whose fares have increased 3 times in the past few years.6 The U.S. government has called on people to save water because the scarcity of water has become a source of global tension ecologically, economically and politically.7 In order to be a recognized leader in the industry, it’s essential for a company to improve production quality and tap the overseasmarket through the help of state of the art technologies and equipment.8 If you are thinking about coming to Britain for Christmas, it might be a good idea to think again. That’s because thousands of Christmas travelers have been stranded in the UK as adverse weather conditions caused massive disruption to the transport infrastructure.2 Translate the following paragraphs into English.Scientists say the warming of the planet will be gradual, but that extreme weather events will increase in frequency and intensity. They say the effects of more storms, floods, droughts and heat waves will be abrupt and profound. The World Health Organization says the effects of so called climate sensitive diseases already are killing millions of people.Climate change is a global phenomenon. While no country will be exempt, she says its consequences will not be evenly distributed. The WHO chief says poor countries that already are struggling with huge problems will be most affected. Fragile health systems in the developing world will come under increased stress. They will have great difficulty coping with the increased burden of disease and other health problems.b. English to Chinese1 Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.很多权威的气候学家们都曾发出过这样的警告: 如果我们现在的温度超过工业化前2摄氏度 3.6华氏度的话,我们将会迈进一个危险的未知国度.没有人能知道到底全球变暖达到多少度会变得无法控制,并且造成像干旱、洪水、飓风以及热浪等自然灾害的逐渐恶化,造成诸如格陵兰岛或西南极洲大冰原坍塌以及伴随的全球海平面上升等意外的灾难性变化.但是我们还依然在我们唯一的家身上不断做着危险而又不受约束的尝试,这也是为什么越来越多的年轻人开始将气候变化视为他们这一代人的一项挑战.2 Read the following passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.1 双方相信,应对气候变化应该尊重发展中国家把经济和社会发展作为优先事项,并相信向低碳经济转型是促进所有国家经济持续增长和可持续发展的机会.2 中美双方决心根据各自国情采取重要减缓行动,并认识到两国在促成加强世界应对气候变化能力的可持续成果方面具有重要作用.双方决心支持这些承诺.3 在此背景下,双方致力于在哥本哈根会议达成最终的法律协议,同时相信,在共同但有区别的责任原则和各自能力的基础上,达成的成果应包括发达国家的减排目标和发展中国家的国内适当减缓行动.4 基于中美两国在电动汽车领域的巨大投资,两国政府宣布在十几个城市开展联合示范项目,并努力开发共同的技术标准以推动此产业规模快速增长.5 通过该伙伴关系,两国将就大规模利用风能、太阳能、先进生物燃料和现代电网制定路线,在设计和执行实现这一远景所需的政策和技术手段方面进行合作.Text B Living a Low Carbon LifestyleKey to the Exercisesa. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.1 perilously2 in harmony with3 tricky4 nurture5 make a difference6 insulated7 deplete8 step back9 sustain10 by way ofb. Complete the sentences with the information given in the text.1 more efficient, kinder, fair, above all sustainable2 keep you comfortable, make life easier, do the things you want to do3 simplify the meter reading process, easy and enlightening, fun4 are lined and not covering radiators5 coming on, warm enough, you’re not heating rooms6 find a balance between the actions we can do, having to compromise on our quality of life7 for the strictly necessary amount of time, hot/warm food8 the curtains, the doors between rooms9 reducing our energy consumption, travelling more efficiently10 easily re used and recycled, with the lowest packagingc. Decide whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE according to the text.1 T2 F3 T4 F5 F6 F7 T8 F9 T10 FUnit 4 Artificial IntelligenceText A The Future of Artificial Intelligence→III. Keys to the Exercises1. Reading Comprehensiona. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.1 B2 C3 A4 C5 Ab. Fill in the blanks with the information you’ve learned in the text.1 clean our floors, mow our lawns and, in general, eliminate drudgery from our lives2 the computer based artificial brain is still well below the level of sophistication needed to build a humanlike robot3 the same kind of perception, cognition and thought as humans4 generate positive and negative reinforcement signals in predefined circumstances5 become quite formidable and will outperform human beings in any conceivable area of endeavor, intellectual or physical2. Vocabularya. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text.1 attest2 disoriented3 elusive4 negate5 progeny6 outstrip7 versatile8 meld9 contingency10 mainstayb. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.1 A2 D3 B4 A5 D6 C7 D8 D9 B10 B3. ClozeChoose an appropriate word or phrase from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each one can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary.1 cover2 battlefield3 deployed4 initiating5 aerial6 problematic7 arise8 mindful9 vital10 goes11 robotics12 provided13 collection14 ethical15 endowed16 traits17 expression18 dumb19 guidelines20 stupid4. Translationa. Chinese to English1 Translate the following sentences into English.1 It often happens, however, that thinking lags behind reality; this is because man’s cognition is limited by numerous social conditions.2 Something big was in the offing, so big that the workers at the Simonson plant had been virtually placed under arrest to prevent any information from leaking out.3 Only by understanding the nature of thinking mode, can man bring forth new ideas in philosophy, and the crux of philosophical innovation lies in the change of man’s thinking mode.4 From then on, he struggled in his attempts to overcome his humble origins and insinuate himself into upper class society.5 It’s a far cry from the days when I was just a clerk in a supermarket and nobody paid me any attention.6 The invention of microprocessors set the stage for the arrival of the microcomputer, or personal computer—an affordable machine for the masses.7 So there’s no such thing as an enemy in absolute terms. The enemies we fight are only in relative terms, constantly changing with the times.8 Taiwan , viewed from the historical facts and the international law, is beyond dispute one part of Chinese sacred territory and it is an inviolable mission of the entire Chinese people to reunify the motherland.2 Translate the following paragraph into English.Sales of professional and personal service robots worldwide were estimated to have reached about 5.5 million this year—and are expected to more than double to 11.5 million by 2011—yet there is little or no control over how these machines are used. Some help busy professionals entertain children; other machines feed and bathe the elderly and incapacitated. “We need to look at guidelines for a cut off so we have a limit to the contact with robots” one expert said. “Some robots designed to look after children with them for hours, or even days. At the other end of the age spectrum to child care, the relative increase in many countries in the population of the elderly relative to available younger care givers has spurred the development of elder care robots.”b. English to Chinese1 Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.计算的能力当然与生存无关,然而随着语言改变了人类的文化,至少是我们大脑的一小部分已进化成了一种勉强可以称为通用机器的东西.这个机器的一个特点就是它能服从一系列随意的指令,而这些指令可以通过语言进行传递并得以执行.但是由于我们把数字看成是复杂的东西,将它们写下来并用以完成其它类似的功能,所以我们处理数字的方式显得非常笨拙,并且效率不高.我们用上百亿个神经细胞花好几分钟进行的运算通过上百个计算机,尤其是那些经过重新设置用于计算的计算机,可以在几毫秒就完成.2 Read the following passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.1 但它们并不是用高出一筹的逻辑和力量统治人类,而是有可能导致一个与他人完全隔绝的底层人群的产生.2 机器人正被引入潜在的敏感情境中,这可能导致被服务者与世隔绝的状态,因为人们在给机器人设定指令后,往往很长时间不再问津.3 许多机器人被设计成玩具,但它们也能扮演照看孩子的角色: 监督孩子的一举一动,通过无线电脑连接或移动电话与另一个房间甚至另一座建筑物内的家长联络.4 但是由于机器人保姆能在身体上保护孩子的安全,可能会造成孩子一天数小时或者几天都不与人接触,同时不同程度的与社会隔绝对孩子成长可能造成的心理影响目前还不清楚.5 护理老年人的机器人能帮助老年人在自己家中自理,但它们的存在可能会使老年人完全处于机器人照顾之下,从而面临缺乏足够的与人交流机会的危险.Text B Revenge of the NerdsKey to the Exercisesa. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.1 in full swing2 awestruck3 imminent4 daunting5 affable6 relish7 omniscience8 outlandish9 alien10 harnessb. Complete the sentences with the information given in the text.1 the Silicon Valley dollar2 the transformative moment3 “the world’s first cyborg”4 current singularitarian in chief, inventor Ray Kurzweil5 genetics, nanotechnology and robotics6 The sense of imminence and immediacy7 not just language but complex abstractions8 anything being dangerous or sentient9 people were scared of these machines10 cryonic suspensionc. Decide whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE according to the text.(1)T2 F3 T4 F5 F6 F7 T8 T9 T10 Funit6 UrbanLifeTextAHowtheCityHurtsYourBrain,andWhatYouCanDoaboutIt→III.KeytotheExercises1.ReadingComprehensiona.Choosethesentencethatbestexpressesthemeaningofthestatementfro mthetext.1C2A3B4B5Cb.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationyouvelearnedinthetext.1thecityhasalwaysbeenanengineofintellectuallife;itisnoteasytoli veinthecitybecauseitspreadsterriblediseasesandisfarawayfromnatu rewithconsiderablepressures2itforcesourbraintotakeenergyandefforttomonitoreverypotentialth reatonthebusyandnoisystreetsandconstantlyredirectsourattention, whichexploitsoneofthecrucialweakspotsofthebrain3naturalsettingsarefullofobjectsthatautomaticallycaptureouratte ntionwithouttriggeringanegativeemotionalresponseandthusourbrain whichdirectsattentioncanrelaxdeeplyandreplenishitself4thebrainisassaultedwithtemptationsandresistingthesetemptations requiresthebraintousethepartofitthatisresponsiblefordirectedatt ention,whichmeansthatitsalreadybeenexhaustedbywalkingaroundthec ityandthenwillfailtoexertself control5theyarethecentersofsocialactivitiesthatlargelyleadtourbancreat ivityasstrangersinteractwitheachotherinunpredictableways2.Vocab ularya.Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformofthewordsorphrasesyouhavele arnedinthetext.1overlooking2migrations3thoroughfare4layout5hect ic6wellspring7corollary8undiluted9myriad10vibrantb.Choosethewordorphrasethatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedone .1B2B3A4D5C6D7A8A9B10D3.Cloze Chooseanappropriatewordorphrasefromthefollowinglisttofillineach ofthefollowingblanks.EachonecanbeusedonlyONCE.Changetheformwher enecessary.1control2otherwise3revenue4neighboring5announced6cro ssroads7taking8imposing9maximize10prosperity11rather12though13a ccomplish14making15pave16gradually17sparing18Under19instead20lo wer4.Translationa.ChinesetoEnglish1TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1TherearealotmorewonderfulandexcitingthingswaitingforyouinNewBe ijing,adynamicmodernmetropoliswith3,000yearsofculturalandhistor icaltreasureswovenintotheurbanprosperity.2Heissuchanenthusiasticfootballfanthathetendstoholdforthonhisfa voriteteamwheneveritismentioned.3Theeducationalsystemhastobeabletooutfittheyounggenerationwithn ecessaryknowledge,attitudesandvaluesthatwouldensuretheyareintim eforthenewageinwhichtheremightbenojobsbutonlyopportunities.4Theanxiousmothersearchedhighandlowforhermissingson,onlytofindh imsleepingsoundinthemessoftoysinhisownbedroom.5Inordertofindbetterdetectionandtreatment,thehospitalwillactive lycooperatewithalocalresearchinstitutetolookforgeneticmarkersth atcorrelatewiththischronicdisease.6Theaccountingsystemofanenterpriseconsistsofthemethods,procedur es,anddevicesusedbyaneconomicentitytokeeptrackofitsfinancialact ivitiesandtosummarizetheseactivities.7Whenshegraduatedfromcolle ge,Cindydecidedtogobacktoworkintheorphanagewhereshehadbeenbroug htup,becauseherheartwasoverstuffedwithgratitudeandwarmthforthos ewhohadgenerouslyhelpedherinhergrowthandshewantedtobelikethemal sotogivehelptothekidswhohadlosttheirparents.8NASAplannedtosplurgeonthefeasibilityoftheprojectofsendingastro nautstoMarsandhavingthemsettledownonit.2TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.Expo2010ShanghaiisthefirstExpoheldbyadevelopingcountry,thefirst heldinthedowntownareaofamegacity,anditwasheldundertheshadowoftheinternationalfinancialcrisi s.ThisisaseveretesttoChinaandShanghai.Overthepasteightyears,wem obilizedresourcesthroughoutthecountryandpooledthewisdomofthewor ldinthepreparationfortheExpo.ThepeopleofShanghai,inparticular,m adeselflesscontributionsandtheInternationalExhibitionsBureauand hostcountriesofpastExposprovidedvaluableguidance.Thesuccessofth eExpocouldnothavebeenpossiblewithoutthetirelesseffortsofmanypeople,includingtheorganizers,constructionworkers,staffmembers,vis itorsandvolunteers.Itistheirsincerity,wisdomandhardworkthathave renderedsplendortotheExpo.OnbehalfoftheChinesegovernment,Iwisht oexpressheartfeltgratitudeandpayhightributetoallthecomradesandf riendswhohaveparticipatedin,supportedandcontributedtotheShangha iExpo.b.EnglishtoChinese1TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.然而,这些大草原式的公园实际上对大脑并无多少益处.在最近发表的一篇论文中,昆士兰大学生态学家理查德富勒发现,绿色空间的心理效益与植物种类的多样性密切相关.如果一个城市公园中树木的品种较多,则在这里呆过的受试者在各种心理健康测试中的得分都较高,至少与其在生物多样性较少的公园呆过后相比是这样.“我们非常担忧城市化对于其他物种的影响,”富勒说.“但是我们人类也受到了影响.绿色空间能让我们放松、休息,这就是对其进行投资的重要原因.”2Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandtranslatetheunderlinedsente ncesintoChinese.1二月份在位于东69号大街附近风景如画的公园人行道上,一棵美国榆树的树干断落,造成一名46岁的布鲁克林男子死亡,其原因是厚重的积雪使之不堪重负.2“除非把城市中的每一棵树都砍倒,否则无法保证树干脱落的情况不会发生,”市长在新闻发布会上说道.3为了减少意外事故的危险,位于中央公园的25000棵树木受到定期检查、修剪——这一任务落在了“中央公园保护组织”身上,这是一个私人的非营利性组织,承担公园大部分的日常维护、经营和预算任务.4纽约市五百二十万棵树木的其它部分由城市公园管理部负责维护,该部门2009年处理了8500个有关危险树枝的报告,伐除已死亡或存在潜在危险的树干、树枝.5布鲁伯格2007年宣布,作为改善公共卫生及环境方案的一部分,未来十年还要在纽约再种植一百万棵树木,因此这些数字还有可能增长.TextBTheNewAgeCavemenandtheCityKeytotheExercisesa.Fillintheblankswiththewordsorphrasesgivenbelow.Changetheformw herenecessary.1indisputable2arereplicated3communal4solitary5asp iring6misdemeanor7intermittently8jaunty9indigenous10hardcorebpl etethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthetext.1spookafemalegu est2thatwereunavailable3sprintingandjumping4all aroundphysicallyfitmen5areferencestandard6achallengingenvironment7“hunter gatherer”8varioushardships9scowledatatomatoplant10aregainofthefortitude c.DecidewhetherthestatementisTRUEorFALSEaccordingtothetext.1F2F 3F4T5T6F7F8T9T10TUnit 7 Mass MediaText A A TV Critic in the Post TV World→III. Key to the Exercises1. Reading Comprehensiona. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.1 B2 C3 B4 A5 Ab. Fill in the blanks with the information you’ve learned in the text.1 downloading TV to avoid ads, Netflixing series to watch them in one big marathon, enjoying the convenience or portability, cutting the cable or satellite bills to save money in hard times, using online video as a backup2 you experienced a broadcast exactly when and how millions of others did: you did it at home, with friends or family, in front of a stationary machine in a dedicated room, preferably with snack chips; TV broadcasts have become raw material to be organized and edited in a collective online canon for you to view online whenever and wherever3 five to seven minutes seem to be the sweet spot for a webisode, if a video doesn’t grab hi m immediately, he kills it; if a show does engage him, the connection is deeper because he will focus on it physically and mentally4 finding a show online is more like rummaging through a newand used bookstore; like reading, viewing online TV is solitary because you don’t gather the family around you; when viewing online TV, you hold a screen in your hand, balance a laptop or sit at a desk. Like holding a book while reading, there’s a small but constant effort, the tiniest bit of physical feedback5 the differences between big screen and tiny screen; whether the story shown on the screen can be good enough to touch his emotion and to linger and replay inside his head2. Vocabularya. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text.1 piracy2 budget3 whir4 animation5 stationary6 tactile7 faucet8 lush9 rummage10 premiereb. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.1 B2 D3 A4 C5 B6 A7 A8 D9 C10 B3. ClozeChoose an appropriate word or phrase from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each one can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary.1 where2 with3 multitude4 promote5 possible6 without7 become8 notorious9 Only10 consisted11 primarily12 multiple13 increasingly14 focus15 dominated16 as17 controversial18 While19 influence20 perspectives4. Translationa. Chinese to English1 Translate the following sentences into English.1 Now people in Tibet are highly conscious of the importance of protecting wild animals, and the once rampant hunting of Tibetan antelopes has been brought under control.2 The journalist had been traveling a lot lately—to Iceland to interview the famous actress there; to Hollywood for the Oscars—but he was stingy with details.3 We should adhere to the policy of expanding domestic demand, continue to implement the proactive fiscal policy and prudent monetary policy, and ensure a double pull effect on economic growth from both consumption demand and investment demand.4 The employees of the Human Resource Department have to sift through very carefully the application forms that just came in this morning to separate the wheat from the chaff.5 Making its debut in 1994, Friends and its cast of easy going single people caught on with viewers looking for an escape from the fast paced 1990s.6 On the new Pocket PCs, the interface looks more like Palm’s, complete with larger icons and fewer pull down menus.7 Over the next five years, he continued to evolve his own unique musical style—a style that would become the template for a whole new musical genre.8 What I love most is to arrive in a place I have never been before and immerse myself in a new culture and environment—to experience first hand what I thought I knew, but which turns out to be much more interesting and surprising once you are there.2 Translate the following paragraph into English.Journalists and TV people, we know, are supposed to record what goes on; but in trying to get the best record they can, they may sometimes seem amazingly cold blooded. Some of the seediest of journalists, whether we’re talking about the Middle East or Northern Ireland, are those who pile one set of adjectives like squalid, butchering, oppressive for terrorism of whose aims they disapprove, and quite another set like committed or dedicated for the same thing done by those they like. But that is far from the whole problem. People complain journalists not because that they behave badly in the course of duty, but for their inability torecoil into a human being when it’s over.b. English to Chinese1 Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.像阅读一样,在线看电视是一项较为孤独的活动.你不会把家人聚集在你的麦金塔电脑跟前看“超级碗”的比赛.然而在某些方面在线看电视又更具社会交往性.由于没有网络电视收视指南可依靠——虽然一些刚起步的公司,如eGuiders,正在朝这个方向努力——因此你的社会关系就成为了你的电视指南.那种促使人们定期收看电视节目的社交互动性,凭借手中的笔记本电脑,甚至会变得更加直接密切.当我收看迷失的时候,总是会急于在博客上发帖——一方面是想发表自己的看法,但更多是想看到别人“灌”的评论,想了解他们的看法.节目播完了,可好戏才刚刚上演.2 Read the following passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.1 据说,PowerPoint正在将语篇简化为点句.搜索引擎则降低了我们的智力,使我们只是浮光掠影般地接受知识而非追求知识的深度.2 20世纪50年代,当漫画连环册被指责将青少年变成不良分子时,当时的犯罪率却降到了历史最低.同样,与20世纪90年代对电视游戏的讨伐相伴随的是美国犯罪率的大幅下降.3 我们不妨以科学的发展状况来进行验证,因为科学要求高水平的脑力劳动,是否有新发现是其明确的衡量标准.如今,科学家们已经变得离不开电子邮件,几乎不用纸张,没有PowerPoint就没法讲课.4 就像原始人认为吃猛兽会使他们变得凶猛,媒体批评家们设想,观看快速剪辑的摇滚视频会把你的精神生活变成快速剪切,而阅读点句和Twitter上的帖子会使你的思想简化为要点和微博.5 人们并非自然而然就可获得深刻思考、彻底调查和严格论证这样的习惯.这些习惯必须到我们称为“大学”的特殊机构习得,必须通过我们所谓“分析、批判和辩论”的不断锤炼来维持.Text B What is Mass MediaKey to the Exercisesa. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.1 mediation2 bestow3 deceptively4 censorship5 cater to6 elite7 prevalent8 coincide with9 imperative10 consensusb. Complete the sentences with the information given in the text.1 purpose, scope, cultural context2 facts and interpretation of facts3 newspapers, radio, computer4 deciding what to report5 crime, disaster, conflict6 hoist their placards, start chanting7 tight budgets and fierce competition8 exerts control over the media9 Technological advances10 stabilizing and civilizingc. Decide whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE according to the text.1 F2 T3 F4 F5 T6 T7 F8 F9 F10 FUnit 9 CarCultureTextACars—ParadiseFoundandParadiseLost→III.KeytotheExercises1.ReadingComprehensiona.Choosethesentencethatbestexpressesthemeaningofthestatementfrom thetext.b.1B2C3C4A5Bb.Fill intheblankswiththeinformationyouvelearnedinthetext.1individualistic;innovative2sendtheirproductstodistantmarkets;thedemandsoffamilystructure; socialmobility;theoutsideworld;convenientservices;familycare3unbalancedmaterialandcultural;inequality4theimprovementincardesign;supportfromsomeemergingindustries5theinfluencesofconsumerculture;radicalandeconomicsegregation2.Vocabularya.Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformofthewordsorphrasesyouhavele arnedinthetext.1perpetuate2posed3Skepticism4stereotypical5unfli nching6Infatuation7breadwinner8cliché9degradation10avantgardeb.Choosethewordorphrasethatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlin edone.1B2A3A4D5D6D7B8A9B10D3.ClozeChooseanappropriatewordorphrasefromthefollowinglisttofillineach ofthefollowingblanks.EachonecanbeusedonlyONCE.Changetheformwher enecessary.1expensive2suggested3Inthefaceof4embodiment5unemploy ed6risen7onceabandoned8undergoing9ultimate10deeper11accessible12dealt13conne ctions14localised15pointout16supermarket17question18dot19isolat ed20afford4.Translationa.ChinesetoEnglish1TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1Afterthirtyyears’experienceofreformandopeningup,Chinesepeoplehavecometorealizethatneweconomyandglobalization havebecomeanunavoidablefactandanirreversibletrend.2Thisheart to hearttalkbetweenthetwocountrieshelpedtoeliminatetheirdeep seatedmisunderstanding,andappropriatelysolvetheirtradedisputes, thuscreatingawin winsituation.3TherewassuchanoutcrywhentheGovernmentputforwarditsproposalstha titwasforcedtobowbeforethestormandwithdrawthem.4Thesedocumentsreflectthecentralauthoritiesdeepunderstandingoft heimportantpositionandro1eofthepopulationissueandtheirfirmdeterminationtotakecomprehensivemeasurestoaddressthepopulationproble m.5Tobetterpreparethesoilforplantingwheat,thefarmershadtheirfield churnedupbytractors.6ManylargecompaniesoutsourcetheirWebsitesto hostingcompaniesbecausethosecompaniesoffermanagementservices,ta kingcareofsecurity,updatingsoftwareandprovidingsite monitoringservices.7Toobtainlastingpeace,itisimperativetoabandonthecoldwarmentalit y,cultivateanewconceptofsecurityandseekanewwaytosafeguardpeace. 8Hehadonequitereasonableofferforhisusedcar,butturneditdown.Then hecouldfindnotakeratall.Helearnedwithavengeancethatabirdintheha ndisworthtwointhebush.2TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish. AlthoughHenryFordsnameiscloselyassociatedwiththeconceptofmasspr oduction,heshouldreceiveequalcreditforintroducinglaborpractices asearlyas1913thatwouldbeconsideredadvancedevenbytodaysstandards .Safetymeasureswereimproved,andtheworkdaywasreducedtoeighthours ,comparedwiththeten ortwelvehourdaycommonatthetime.Inordertoaccommodatetheshorterworkday,th eentirefactorywasconvertedfromtwotothreeshifts.Inaddition,sickl eavesaswellasimprovedmedicalcareforthoseinjuredonthejobwereinst ituted.TheFordMotorCompanywasoneofthefirstfactoriestodevelopatechnicalschooltotrainspecializedskilledlaborersandanEnglishlangu ageschoolforimmigrants.Someeffortswereevenmadetohirethehandicap pedandprovidejobsforformerconvicts.Themostwidelyacclaimedinnova tionwasthefive dollar a dayminimumwagethatwasofferedinordertorecruitandretainthebestmec hanicsandtodiscouragethegrowthoflaborunions.b.EnglishtoChinese1TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.汽车是20世纪最持久的自由象征之一,是现代生活中的佩加索斯,带领人们一头扎入未来的漩涡,也使得人们能够远离生活中的种种烦愁.自从汽车诞生后,艺术家们抑或以它为主题抑或以它为目标,创造和延续一个又一个现代神话.然而,塞翁得马,焉知非祸.飞马佩加索斯在被英雄柏勒罗丰俘获后帮助其完成了一件件伟大的功绩,但当它发现柏勒罗丰自我膨胀后就突然消失得无影无踪.这难道不是对现代人类的一个警示吗——爬得高,跌得狠.同样地,汽车也给人类光明的前程埋下了巨大的隐患.2Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandtranslatetheunderlinedsente ncesintoChinese.1哪怕是瞄一眼那制作精美的固特异轮胎,摸一下那流线型的车体,看一眼那一对鼓出的前灯,都会使我们目瞪口呆,突然感觉到那匹灰色的母马已不再是一匹普通的马了.2过去的这些年里,我们离闹市中心越来越远,这就意味着我们必须把越来越多,甚至全部的时间耗在上下班的路上.3我从来没有听说过有人对着干衣机或洗碗机发火,更没听说过有人对着冰箱发火,因为人们知道这些东西是帮我们节省体力的,但汽车不但不帮我们节省体力,还反过来害得我们越来越辛苦.4人们对汽车的狂热在慢慢地冷却下来,也开始忘却我们所欠汽车的债,但同时,这个尖头的好事之徒却不肯就此放过我们.生活在闹市中心的我们虽然能侥幸一两次躲过它尖头的碰撞,但下一次却不一定能那么快脱身. 5人们又假借安全、控制排放、燃料经济的名义,把那个原本简单精巧的车体变得越来越笨重,以至于到了不可思议的程度. TextBTheBirthoftheAmericanAutoIndustryKeytotheExercisesa.Fillintheblankswiththewordsorphrasesgivenbelow.Changetheformw herenecessary.1showup2competewith3collidedwith4franchise5startl ing6intent7contestants8loseout9humiliate10differentialbpletethe sentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthetext.1fiasco,delayed2horse lesscarriages3Kohlstaat4teamofhorses,ditch5covered,unableto6Germancars,clear7fatigueandexcitement,finishline8electricorsteampower9refusedto believe10cold,snowyDetroitstreets。
硕士英语综合教程参考答案_西安交大出版社_李欣
Text A 1. Reading Comprehension
2. Vocabulary
3. Close
4. Translation a. Chinese to English
2) Translate the following paragraphs into English.
Text B a.
b.
c.
研究生英语创新教育系列教材 硕士英语综合教程（1）
Unit 3 Culture Shock
练习题参考答案
Text A 1. Reading Comprehension
2. Vocabulary
3. Close
4. Translation a. Chinese to English
2) Read the following passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.
Text B a.
b.
c.
研究生英语创新教育系列教材 硕士英语综合教程（1）
Unit 6 Urban Life
b. English to Chinese
1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.
2) Read the following passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.
Text B a.
b.
c.
研究生英语创新教育系列教材 硕士英语综合教程（1）
Unit 7 Mass Media
研究生英语精读教程课后答案西安交通大学出版社
Model Test One
1
PART I VOCABULARY 1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. D 10. B11. B 12. D 13. A 14. C 15. B 16. C 17. D 18. A 19. D 20. C PART II CLOZE TEST 21. [C] follow 22. [B] painless 23. [D] take 24. [B] available 25. [D] record 26. [C] experienced 27. [D] whether 28. [A] required 29. [C] being 30. [A] put
丧亲之痛和神恩赐福此起彼伏，让我们悲喜交加。 死亡让我们更加珍视生命。在生命的庄严时刻，在 痛苦和失却的阴影之下，人才会真正地认识自己。
事有悲欢离合，因循往复；人有喜怒哀乐，周而 复始，甚至死亦能让人对生益加眷恋。所以，当 惘然若失，悲由心生之时，人往往最接近自我。
6
Part IV Translation
可是，就像伟大和自豪的国家在其鼎盛时期一样， 它们必须克服一个完全不能掉以轻心的危险因素： 它们传统的绝对强势将会导致谨小慎微、追求内 部特权及自满，这将使它们不能与时俱进。
18
Section B 同时，过去10年里，国际和地区热点此起彼伏， 影响着世界和平稳定。
On the other hand, the last decade also witnessed incessant international and regional hotspots which undermined world peace and stability.
陕西省西安交大阳光中学七年级英语上册 Unit 5 Do y汇总
作业
小结
第3课时
课题名称
SectionA 3a-3c
时间
第周星期
课型
Grammar
目标
9.relaxing（动词）_________10.easy（反义词）_________
达
标
训
练
I.翻译下列词语
篮球_______________棒球________________排球______________
足球_______________乒乓球_____________网球________________
3.小组展示交流。
4.自主完成3a。
精
讲
互
动
1.do的用法
1作助动词无意义,翻译下列句子并能用have造出相似的句子.
Do you have a basketball? Yes, I do.
Do they have a soccer ball? No, they don’t
Does she have a computer? No, she doesn’t
【总结】That sounds +______________词
达பைடு நூலகம்
标
训
练
I.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.I don’t____________(have) a soccer ball.
2.Let’s ___________(play) volleyball.
3. That______________(sound) good.
交通工程视听说英语教程录音材料第二单元Script unit 2
ScriptUnit 2 Contract NegotiationPre-listening ActivitiesBusiness Contract Basics Important Points to RememberWhen Putting Together a ContractIf you spend enough time dealing with customers,you will at some point have to deal with the contracts related to the service you provide to those customers.At first, contracts can be intimidating, but like most things in life want to get a better practice, you will be better at dealing with these agreements. The following slides won't teach you to be a lawyer, but they will provide you some real world insights that will help you when it comes time to deal with the contract. You won't believe how many contracts I have seen come across my desk, but did not have the proper signatures. What I mean by the proper signatures is that the client who is getting the product or the service has signedthe contract, and the person that is supplying thatGAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAFproduct or service has also sign the same contract.You have to have both signatures on the same document in order for it to be a contract. A lot of smart contracts now have this wording below the signature line: authority to bind the company. This wording serves as a reminder to the person who was actually signing the contract that they must have the authority to commit to the terms of the contract that they were about to sign. Basically the client by signing it says, yes, “I can pay for this product or service that I'm about to receive”, and then subsequently the company representative is also saying, “Yes, I can deliver the product or the service as it’s outlined” in the contract. All contracts should have these basic elements:Number one: A start dateWhen are you going to deliver the product or theservice?GAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAFNumber two: Contract lengthThis can be any duration of time from a day, a week, a month, seven months or even four years.Number three: Details of the product or serviceThis item can never have enough detail. The goal here is to make sure both parties know exactly what is to be done in the contract right down to the finest details. It is important to make sure everyone's expectations are absolutely crystal clear.Number four: PricesYes, it is important to list out the price you are charging for the service for the part that you are selling. Making sure that contract details what is included is just as important as to what is not included in the price. When you think price, think number of units, value, frequency and any and all discounts, and for how long that price will be in effect you may wantto offer discounts are increases in your price ifGAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAFcertain conditions apply such as a customer who buys more than expected or less than agreed to. Keep these options open because you never know what will happen in the future.Number five: Payment termsIn the old days when business was a local exchange of goods and services, payment terms are paid much cash when you bought or received the product or service. As business became more international, it became inconvenient to pay cash, for say, shipload of iron ore, so payment termsGAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAFbecame part of the contract. Payment terms and surethere is a timely balance between the delivery of the service to the payment for such service. Some companies can afford to extend payment terms for bigger deals but some need to be paid immediately. When you are negotiating payment terms, ensure you can afford to terms you agree to, otherwise you may find yourself overextended credit wise and not be able to afford to pay your employees or other key providers.Number six: Mailing addresses.In your contract make sure you have the mailing addresses of that person who signed the contract and the mailing address and name of the person or department you were to send the invoices to. Same applies if you're getting paid make sure your customer knows where to send the checked, either way you will save a lot of time in minimizing confusion, if you’re at this to thecontract .GAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAFNumber seven: Approved signatures.Now we're going over this again but this is simple. Make sure the people who signed the contract have the authority to commit to the terms of the contract when in doubt, ask for proof. Don’t wrist disappointment or extra cost because you didn't do this step. When it comes to contracts and promises, the only valid promise is a promise that is written into the contract.While-listening ActivitiesVideo OneBusiness Contract Basics: Important Points to Remember When Putting Together a ContractEverything else is simple words, unspoken words are not binding, which they were, but that is not the case. So the contractors say we will pick up and dispose of all access material, get it in writing, if the client says we will give you more business, and if you deliverGAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAFon time, have them put that in writing. It is easy tobelieve or have faith in the other party when you're negotiating a contract. You want to take their word for everyone who has good intentions, but situations change, people change. To ensure everyone remembers what they promised by putting it in writing and incorporating it into the contract. It is natural that a contract will call back and forth between your company and your client, is each party fine tunes what they will agree to and what they want change or adjusted in the contract.Electronically written contracts for document can be adjusted and or altered without the other party being told or being aware of it. Electronically written contracts or documents can be adjusted and or altered without the other party being told, or even being aware, you can get around redline in Word documents, like it or not, it's a fact. So you have to guard against thispractice by reviewing the redline contracts that comeGAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAFback to you. Most people will concentrate their attention on the sections that have been redlined, but it is always good practices to scan the rest of a document to ensure nothing else has changed. One quick and easy way to do this is to first ensure that you have the same number of pages in the contract.Secondly you can scan a contract by looking for the same words at the beginning and ends of each line, and comparing them to the original and the red-lined version. As you can see in this example the words any and against appear on the 3rd in eight lines as in the original, also we have ballpoint A through D in both copies, she can be pretty sure that this section on the contract has not been altered. If that section had words added or removed and the words were not line up the same wayGAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAF, this would be RBS with gas pressure fun changesas well.Every contract will have some changes made to it, when it does, both parties must agree to those changes. The changes need to be initiated by both parties or the change is not deemed accepted into the contract. This procedure also stops one party from making changes after the contract has been signed and ensures the integrity other contract process.It is a good idea to actually write such a clause into your contract to ensure that both parties understand that all changes have to be mutually agreed to. One would think this is an obvious lie, but reality has taught me quite differently. Here is a scenario to consider. John works for a software company and John gets paid a commission for each of his software sales. John knows the full price of this company software, butJohn also knows he can sell more software if heGAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAFdiscounts the price John might not really know what itcost actually right cell and support the software his company is selling. All he knows is he gets paid if he sells. So John’s motivations may not align with his company's objectives.When it comes to discount some products or services, make sure everyone in your company knows what is the absolute lowest price that is acceptable, you run a business, not a charity. Don't give away the company's profits by adding excessive discounts into a contract. When you are negotiating a contract, always trying to keep in open mind new approaches and charms to a contract.It is natural to immediately dismiss any changes to your contract, but try and listen to new approaches in new ways looking at the business. Sometimes these new ideas will come from your client, and your customers,your best reaction is not to react, but to listen andGAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAFask questions, lots and lots of questions Try tounderstand where they’re coming from, if you let the other person explain their position, their logic and their reasons why they are asking for what they are asking, you might see an opportunity or approach that you never thought it before, always respond this way, “oh, all that’s interesting”. “Why is that important to you and or your company?The worst contracts are the ones done in a rush. It is well known that most concessions and contracts are done in the final hours at the negotiation. Do what you can to avoid hurried time or sensitive situations such as signing a bunch of contracts on the last day of the month or at the end of the quarter. Try to minimize the straps by not setting a deadline to sign by a certain day or a certain time. Of course you will have to eventually sign the contract, but you can nowpredict ahead of time what issues will come up in theGAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAFnegotiation phase. So don’t be at a disadvantage and leave yourself some extra time and flexibility. Contracts can impact businesses in many ways, unless you on run and manage a one-person business. Chances are very high that the contract you're about to sign will affect a lot of people in your company. People may be hired, expensive machinery purchased, office space is rented, and budgets changed, and so on.So now is the time to hand over your about-to-be signed contract to a trusted party in your company, or organization for them to have a review of the deal.They may have a perspective of our knowledge about a certain situation do you were not aware of. This information may have a material impact on the deal or simply point out something that might become an irritant later on. The point is that you won’t (unless you get a second or a third opinion also). This gives other folks in the organization the ability to know and manage to the contract terms and that alone will ensureGAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAFfor successful contract.Thank you for watching this presentation on contract basics.I hope the information has been helpful to you.GAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAFVideo TwoHow to Negotiate a Contract: Negotiation Tips & Tactics In this segment, we’re going to look at an overview negotiation in its entarity, if you want to think of negotiating as being a process of the curves between two or more people across the table. In fact it's better to think of negotiating as entire members of the process. Now look at this map as you will see there are three distinct elements into negotiation.Pre negotiationWell, you need to get a mandate and you need to plan, so that you know what to do when you sit down with the other party.Phase two is the negotiation itself.It can last from half an hour, to an hour to a day, to a week, to a month. I was once involved in the gas negotiation between the British Gas Authority andGAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAFNorway which last fourteen years, so there is no rule about how long a negotiation takes.Alright, let's go back to the final stages, which is an implementation.However good settlement is with the other party, however clear the contract, however many people have signed it, its value is only the extend to which it's implemented. So that is a crucial area. So this is the management process.Let's have a look at phase one again, obtaining a mandate. Now you may have the authority to set your own mandate. Many managers and directors don’t, they have to get permission from the board or from their boss. Some people seem to be better at getting a mandate than others, when they go and talk to somebody they come away with what they wanted, whereas most of us, we win some and loose some.Now I am interested in how it is that a fewGAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAFindividuals seem constantly to get their own way.Second, planning. It would be ridiculous on a major negotiation to go and sit down with the other party without having thought through some of the issues and how to handle what it involves. Finally the face to face, this is what most people are interested in.How do you actually get what you want when sometimes it is in conflict with what the other party wants? We should be looking at that in some detail.And finally, implementations.Particularly how to avoid misunderstanding from the contract during the implementation phase.It happens. It happens a lot I have detail with it on many occasions. And how to get commitment from the other side to implementation even when unforeseen obstacles arise. So those are the three phases and they’re all interactive. These authorities, forexample, some with an amazing tactical in the face toGAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAFface that may give him sufficient reputation, I suppose you can say, with his director for them to give him the mandates he asks for. Somebody who is very good at getting a mandate may make the task of the negotiation easier. That person could be with someone who did not get a very good mandate and implementation is the area that very few people focus on obviously as I have said before that’s key to ensure the value of the contract is realized by both parties.Video ThreeHow to Negotiate Effectively?GAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAFHi, this is DeCima, and I am back with a new lessonon how to negotiate effectively. Well, what is it to negotiate or what does negotiation really mean? Negotiation basically means an exchange of things between two people or two parties. So if I were to negotiate with you, I would be exchanging something that I have for something that you have, so for example, say, I have a car, I have a car but I don't have a lot of money. Now I am in need of money, but you are in need of a car. So what am I going to do? I'm going to exchange my car in return for the money that you are willing to pay me for my car. So the talks that follow depending on whether we like to exchange the car for the money is what negotiating is all about. So negotiating, should I say, is making a deal.So if I'm done with negotiating I have made a deal. Okay. Well, please note: that there are various stepsto making a deal or negotiating effectively. The firstGAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAFone is: decide on your break-even point. What is abreak-even point? A break-even point is basically the lowest amount, or shall I say, the cheapest price in non financial terms I would call it the worst case scenario. So when you are trying to exchange something that you have for something that someone else has, you've got to decide on what is the lowest amount, the cheapest price, or the worst-case scenario you are willing to accept before making a deal, or before saying yes I'm willing to take that and give you this. So for example, you know, I may have say, 100 thousand dollars in my bank account what I don't have that much money, but suppose I do and I want to go and buy a house. Now I’ve seen this really wonderful ho use, you know, with the really large living room, two nice bathrooms, a study in everything, and you know, the person who is selling me his house is willing to give it away, forsay, one hundred thousand dollars. Now that's the exactGAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAFamount I have in my bank account. Do you think and thatis my break even point? I wouldn't say so. A break-even point is, as I said, the lowest amount or the cheapest price I'm willing to accept to exchange what I have for something that I want. So you gotta be very careful about knowing what is your break even point, otherwise you might end up accepting a deal that is not in your best interests.The next point to negotiating or making a deal work in your favor is to know what you are worth. What does it mean to know what I am worth? Okay, you gotta two questions to yourself. Do I have something the other person needs?Question number two: does the person need me more then I need him? So when you know what is your worth, you are in a position to negotiate more effectively, so suppose I am a jewelry vendor, so I am trying to sellvery rare diamonds, you know, say for example, or reallyGAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAFrare pearls which you know are not very common in the market these days. Now does that mean put me in a position to bargain more effectively? To make a deal work in my favor? Yes, it does. Because now I have something that the person needs in fact the person who is buying something from me wants it more than I want to sell it and that puts me in a better position to negotiate more effectively. So when you are trying to negotiate a deal in your favor always, always, try to know what you are all about, what you are worth.Video FourChinese Negotiating Styles (1)Hi, I’m Andrew Hubert, for china solved. Today we're taking a look at the five Chinese negotiating styles or types. All negotiators, Chinese, Westerner or any other, fall into one of five categories, or typesGAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAFof negotiators, and that those five are competitive, compromising, accommodating or yieldingGAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAF, avoiding or collaborating. If you’re interestedin reading more about this topic, I refer you to G. Richard S hell’s Bargaining for Advantage. What Shell did was divided each negotiator’s style into two dimensions. uh... he looked at how important the goals of outcomes were to you and how important the counterparties uh... now comes and goes work to you. So if you look at the left side this is how you view the negotiation if you do you uh... the outcome of this negotiation as a top importance, you really want to maximize the value of this individual transaction. Maybe you have a unique asset, maybe you have a very strong bargaining position or maybe it was extremely confident about your abilities.Sometimes you take more of a moderate approach especially you're a professional salesman or professional purchaser and the value of this transaction is not that high, it’s not to live or die. You just want to get the deal done, and sometimes you're not that worried about the benefit or the goal of the ...uh... negotiation, you're more worried about the riskGAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAFof not having transaction, and using example, the guywho has a warehouse full of ice cream in August, and your freezer just broke and if you don't sound like you have to clean it up, so you don't really care that much about making a huge profit, you are more concerned about avoiding the large loss. And then, we are going to look at your view towards your counterparties, benefits for goals, if you have a low opinion of your counterparties, where you don't worry too much about his feelings of his reaction, then maybe you feel that time is in your favor, the circumstances are in your favor or you have non-economic considerations, you know really care what he thinks.In most negotiations, you will have some regard for your counterparties uh... feelings about the outcome, officially professional salesman or normal business.I t’ll be nice to see him again. And such will be a very high regard uh... for your counterparties’ opinion about this transaction, you really need this client, uh... you wanna uh... see him again or you wanna havea strategic relationship with a very few buyers orGAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAFsellers and uh... you really need to transact with this person and you need him to say good things about you and you want to see him again. And there you see the chart that will be filling in. On the left on the Y axis is the benefits to you, and across the bottom, the X axis is how you see the benefits going to him. So if you are top left, all that you care, that is, the benefits to you, you d on’t really care at all about the benefits are outcome to your counterparty, you’re, we call, a competitive negotiator. It’s typical win-lose aggressive negotiator on ninety nine uh... to one in my favor is proper and about that would be a fine outcome for me.On the other end, the bottom right is an accommodative negotiator. All the cares about is making the other guy happy. W ho’s that? This is someone who really needs to make that sale uh... this is the uh... the ice cream vendor with the broken refrigerator that we talked about earlier. One to ninety-nine (not in my favor), one to ninety-nine against me is Ok, as longGAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAFas we can finish the business and transact, as long as you’re happy, I’m happy.Now we go to the other corner, the top right corner is collaborative. This is the Win-Win negotiator. This is the guy who wants to work together to cooperate to enlarge the pie and create value, two plus two equals five for this type of negotiator, he's always looking for a way to uh... make both sides happy. And the bottom left is the avoiding type. The avoider wins by not playing. H e doesn’t want to transact, he doesn’t want to get involved uh... he doesn’t gain from this transaction but maybe just a work harder, or maybe as to take a risk and this is a typical bureaucrat uh... who gets paid whether he you happy or not uh.... It’s a reluctant buyer. Someone who is afraid of spending the money you're afraid of making a commitment and he would prefer not to transact, not to complete the negotiation.GAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAFAnd in the middle of all these, we have the compromiser. He transacts often, but he doesn't really maximize his value, and this guy is sort of the exploded different meet in the middle type of negotiator, but this compromiser does the deal, the compromiser always leaves the table with a signed an agreement of some kind.Video FiveChinese Negotiating Styles (2)Now let's take a look at the Chinese negotiating personalities. The first we look at is competitive types of it. The competitors in china will often not appear as competitors. uh... they may appear to be very accommodative, they're trying to be your friend and try to build a relationship as it is, commonly Chinese negotiating an internship offer uh...to help you any way they can, and they may be very flexible on certain issues, sometimes it would be price, sometimes uh...a competitive negotiator will be very flexible onissues of having to do with schedules, timetables, uh...GAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAFyour ability to handle large quantities of salestargets and other things that can't be enforced very easily later after you return to your home or office in the states. Don't fall into the trap of negotiating solely about price with uh... competitive counterparties. That might not be the real interest and the real interest uh... it might be in technology, intellectual property, or if you've invested assets uh... maybe in your customers may be your client lists uh... maybe in uh... certain other deal terms like exclusively for territory uh... competitor or negotiator uh... in united states is usually going to be very visible, usually he's after your money. In china, he may not be after your money, so it might be a lot harder to spot.The next type of negotiator we’re looking for in Chinese is the accommodator, and accommodator in China comes in two varieties: first is that guy we have discussed, secretly competitive negotiator who's gonna come up across uh... as an accommodator who's going abend over backwards to help you, but he's reallyGAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAFgathering information on your talk to property or yourtechnology and your customer list, but this is not necessarily the most dangerous type of negotiators. The most dangerous accommodators: the wolf in sheep's clothing is not you were necessarily your main problem. In China kindness really can kill... because passive colleagues and partners and counterparties won’t tell you what you need to hear, the only tell you what they think you want to hear. Now in all fairness, sometimes, I feel that are telling you with gesture or with the raised eyebrow uh... by looking away, by expression on the face and you won’t pick up on it because of cultural differences and different communication styles, but still this is something beyond the lookout. The Chinese uh... as a general rule because of rules of etiquette and culture, tend to look more accommodative than westerners even though in reality they are not.A compromising and compromiser are our interesting aspects of Chinese negotiating uh... China is a consensus-oriented culture and they have a traditionof trying to smooth over difficulties and smooth overGAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAFdifferences and this manifest itself and uh... are certain type of negotiating behavior, they come into negotiation expecting to compromise. It's very common for a Chinese salesman to set the price outrageously high. Maybe four hundred-percent above their real target, because he expects you to compromise him down to uh... two hundred-percent above what he expects uh... someone else to pay, the key here is to gather information and use your negotiating time to get usually ship building uh... opportunities to learn as much as you can and to build your own sources of information. Don't start negotiating as soon as they call item number, just because they say a five hundred doesn't mean you are required to shout back a counter offer right away.GAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAFAvoiding plays a big role in the larger Chinesenegotiating behavior or four percent of tactics which is quite frankly passive-aggressive. Chinese will use knowledge user insider information and use their connections to their advantage and one of the ways is to avoid engaging with you until you make the first second for it, so you may have to come back to negotiation several times and come back to negotiation counter party several times before you make actual progress. One America stations of avoidance in Chinese negotiation is that you may find it very difficult to make face-to-face contact with the actual decision maker, and you'll spend a lot of time working with subordinates even if you speak Chinese began receiving a few have translators who say it's a language issue but it might not be. They gain a lot of power by having the key decision maker avoid the face-to-face contact with you and your group, so what you've got to beware of this yes you can probably do a deal through its hierarchy or through its subordinates and the peoplehe sends to meet with you, but you've gotta be carefulGAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAFbecause if you can't meet with him, meet face to face with the real decision maker, now when things are still relatively friendly, it may show that you can have a problem later on when thing's aren't quite that friendly.Post-listening ActivitiesVideo OneBusiness Negotiations — Business English forNegotiationsWelcome to . Teaching you English through two-minute lessons. In this lesson you will learn how to negotiate in English.1. Negotiations on serviceMark: So Richard, I'd like to hear more about how you charge for your service.Richard: Sure, Mr. Mark. We offer one-year unlimited data storage for $2000.Mark: Can you clarify the data rate? Exactly how much data storage can be used, when you say it is unlimited?GAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAF。
陕西省西安交大阳光中学高中英语 Unit 4 Astronomy th
Unit4 Astronomy: the science of the stars 第课时课题名称时间第周星期课型Words and expressions主备课人目标1.Learn the useful words and expressions in this whole unit: astronomy system theory billion globe viol ent atmosphere unlike harmful chain multiply exist puzzle biology crash pull float mass solar system, in time, lay eggs, give birth to, in one’s turn, prevent…from, cheer up, now that,2. Study the pronunciation of the key words.3. Preview the whole unit.重点To get familiar with the pronunciation and meaning of the key words and expressions 二次备课难点How to distinguish the pronunciation and the key words自主学习学习方法指导：第一步：写出所给单词的音标；第二步：大声朗读三遍，注意画线字母的发音；第三步：依次写出画线字母的音标。
从单词表找出下列词汇的音标，并熟读。
注意画线字母的发音。
依次写出上面单词画线字母的音标：system［］theory［］violent［］exist［puzzle［］pull ［］float［］gentle［］climate［］multiply［］c hain［］globe［［］［］［］［］［］［］［］［］［］［］［］［］问题生成记录：精讲互动学习方法指导：第一步：从课本第17页到第24页找出下列字词的意义；第二步：在找出你所不会的字词或短语；第三步：小组讨论完成或向老师求助。
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西安交大英语背诵1. Companionship of BooksSamuel SmilesA man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps; for there is a companionship of books as well as of men; and one should always live in the best company, whether it be of books or of men.A good book may be among the best of friends. It is the same today that it always was, and it will never change. It is the most patient and cheerful of companions. It does not turn its back upon us in times of adversity or distress. It always receives us with the same kindness; amusing and instructing us in youth, and comforting and consoling us in age.Men often discover their affinity to each other by the mutual love they have for a book just as two persons sometimes discover a friend by the admiration which both entertain for a third. There is an old proverb, ‘Love me, love my dog.” But there is more wisdom in this:” Love me, love my book.” The book is a truer and higher bond of union. Men can think, feel, and sympathize with each other through their favorite author. They live in him together, and he in them.通常看一个读些什么书就可知道他的为人，就像看他同什么人交往就可知道他的为人一样，因为有人以人为伴，也有人以书为伴。
无论是书友还是朋友，我们都应该以最好的为伴。
好书就像是你最好的朋友。
它始终不渝，过去如此，现在如此，将来也永远不变。
它是最有耐心，最令人愉悦的伴侣。
在我们穷愁潦倒，临危遭难时，它也不会抛弃我们，对我们总是一如既往地亲切。
在我们年轻时，好书陶冶我们的性情，增长我们的知识；到我们年老时，它又给我们以慰藉和勉励。
人们常常因为喜欢同一本书而结为知已，就像有时两个人因为敬慕同一个人而成为朋友一样。
有句古谚说道：“爱屋及乌。
”其实“爱我及书”这句话蕴涵更多的哲理。
书是更为真诚而高尚的情谊纽带。
人们可以通过共同喜爱的作家沟通思想，交流感情，彼此息息相通，并与自己喜欢的作家思想相通，情感相融。
好书常如最精美的宝器，珍藏着人生的思想精髓，因为人生的境界主要就在于其思想的境界。
因此，最好的书是金玉良言和崇高思想的宝库，这些良言和思想若铭记于心并多加珍视，就会成为我们忠实的伴侣和永恒的慰藉。
书籍具有不朽的本质，是为人类努力创造的最为持久的成果。
寺庙会倒坍，神像会朽烂，而书却经久长存。
对于伟大的思想来说，时间是无关紧要的。
多年前初次闪现于作者脑海的伟大思想今日依然清新如故。
时间惟一的作用是淘汰不好的作品，因为只有真正的佳作才能经世长存。
书籍把我们引入最理想的社会，使我们置身于历代伟人巨匠之间，如闻其声，如观其行，如见其人，同他们情感交融，悲喜与共，感同身受。
我们觉得自己仿佛在作者所描绘的舞台上和他们一起粉墨登场。
甚至在人世间，伟大杰出的人物也与世长存。
他们的精神被载入书籍，传于四海。
书是人生至今仍在聆听的智慧之声，永远充满着活力。
尹转云推荐2. How to grow oldSome old people are oppressed by the fear of death. In the young there is a justification for this feeling. Young men who have reason to fear that they will be killed in battle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought that they have been cheated of the best things that life has to offer. But in an old man who has known human joys and sorrows, and has achieved whatever work it was in him to do, the fear of death is somewhat abject and ignoble. The best way to overcome it--so at least it seems to me--is to make your interests gradually wider and more impersonal, until bit by bit the walls of the ego recede, and your life becomes increasingly merged in the universal life. An individual human existence should be like a river--small at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past boulders and over waterfalls. Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, the waters flow more quietly, and in the end, without any visible break, they become merged in the sea, and painlessly lose their individual being. The man who, in old age can see his life in this way, will not suffer from the fear of death, since the things he cares for will continue. And if, with the decay of vitality, weariness increases, the thought of rest will be not unwelcome. I should wish to die while still at work, knowing that others will carry on what I can no longer do, and content in the thought that what was possible has been done.杨承松推荐论老之将至有些老年人恐惧死亡。
要是年轻人这样想，那倒情有可原。
那些害怕在战争中阵亡的年轻人，想到自己被生活所欺骗，错失了生命中最美好的东西，感到苦涩理所当然。
但对于一个尝遍人生酸甜苦辣，实现一生抱负的老人来说，恐惧死亡就有点不光彩了。
战胜怕死的最好的方法――至少在我看来――是逐步地拓宽你的兴趣，并使其不受人际感情的影响，直到自我的围墙慢慢地坍圮，你的生命加快融入到众生之中。
人生当如一条河流――开始时很小，狭隘的局限于自己堤岸，富有激情的冲过岩石和瀑布。
慢慢地，河流越走越宽，河岸逐步退去，水流更显平缓，直到最后，毫无迹象地融入大海，平和地失去了独自的存在。
垂暮之人，倘能如此看待生命，也就不会惧怕死亡，因为他所关注的事业仍在继续。
倘若精力日衰，疲劳日增，想要进入永恒的休息也许就不会那样无法接受了。
我希望自己能在工作中死去，我知道他人会继续我未竞的事业。
想到我曾经竭尽全力地工作过，我就心满意足了。
译文提供：张静洁3. John F. Kennedy’s Inaugural AddressIn the long history of the world, only a few generations have been granted the role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger. I do not shrink from this responsibility—I welcome it. I do not believe that any of us would exchange places with any other people or any other generation. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it—and the glow from that fire can truly light the world.And so, my fellow Americans: ask not what your country can do for you—ask what you can do for your country.My fellow citizens of the world: ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man.Finally, whether you are citizens of America or citizens of the world, ask of us here the same high standards of strength and sacrifice which we ask of you. With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love, asking His blessing and His help, but knowing that here on earth God's work must truly be our own.Abstracted from John F. Kennedy’s Inaugural Address on January 20, 1961推荐老师：杨承松译文：在悠久的世界历史中，只有很少几代的人在自由遭遇最大危机的时刻被赋予保卫自由的责任。