如何做高考英语阅读理解推断题

如何做高考英语阅读理解推断题高考英语阅读理解中的推断题，要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的隐含意义和深层意义。

推断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，同学们要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词句，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。

根据近几年高考英语推断题的考查情况，本文拟就对隐含意义的推断、作者观点的推断、写作目的推断以及材料出处的推断等四种典型的推断题类型进行分析，以帮助同学们熟练应对。

一、如何推断隐含意义1．推断隐含意义的提问方式It can be inferred from the text that______.According to…, we can infer that______.From the text we know that …is most likely_______.When the writer talks about …, what the writer really means is_______ .The writer suggests that______.The story implies that___________.We can infer [conclude] from the passage that______________.这类题干中通常常含有infer, suggest, imply, conclude, intend, purpose, be likely to…等标志性词语。

2. 干扰项的设置特点在通常情况下，这类试题的干扰项具有以下特点：或是文章中直接用于表达细节的信息，或是文章中无关紧要或片面推出的结论，或是与文章内容完全相反的结论，或是不合常理或不合逻辑的结论等。

3. 答题误区同学们在做类题目时，很容易误选文段中直接用于表达信息的选项或表示片面结论的选项。

4. 技巧点拨一是要全面分析所有相关信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。

二是要忠实原文，切忌脱离原文，凭空臆断。

三是注意不要选择表层信息答案，应该立足由已知推断未知。

实例分析（江西卷）A stronger argument comes from research into school results. Girls grow upearlier than boys, tend to be more orderly and are likely to be better at languages. In a mixed class, boys who might do well in a single-sex class become discouraged and take on the rule of troublemaker. Certainly in the UK this situation has greatly alarmed(惊动) the government for it to be encouraging co-educational schools to have some single-sex classes. In the UK the best schools are all single-sex, strongly suggesting that co-education is not the best answer. This may, however, not be as simple as it looks. It may simply be that the famous old schools that attract the best students happen to be single-sex, rather than that being single-sex makes them better schools.●At the end of the passage the writer suggests that ________.A. single-sex schools are the best schools in the UKB. being single-sex does not necessarily make a school betterC. co-educational schools are better for both sexes in personal developmentD. because boys cannot compete with girls in study, they go to single-sex schools【解题思路分析】答案选B。

作者在罗列In a mixed class, boys who might do well in a single-sex class become discouraged and take on the rule of troublemaker和In the UK the best schools are all single-sex等事实后，得出了It may simply be that the famous old schools that attract the best students happen to be single-sex, rather than that being single-sex makes them better schools这个结论。

要做对上面这道题，正确理解文章末尾这句结论性的句子至关重要。

这里尤其要注意句中的rather than这个关键性词语，它的意思是“而不是”，用于否定或排除其后引出的内容。

故只有选项B最合适。

二、如何推断作者观点1. 提问方式The writer’s attitude toward… is______.The writer thoughtthat______.The writer According to the author ______.2. 干扰选项此类试题的干扰项通常具有以下特点：或是自己的某种看法或观点，或是社会的一种普遍种倾向，或是与本文无关或与作者相反的观点或看法等。

3. 答题误区容易误选与自己的看法相吻合的选项。

4. 技巧点拨注意作者在文中的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，才能推断出作者的弦外之音。

实例分析（江西卷）Just as crying can be healthy, not crying—holding back tears of anger, pain or suffering—can be bad for physical(身体的) health. Studies have shown that too much control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure, heart problems and some other illnesses. If you have a health problem, doctors will certainly not ask you to cry. But when you feel like crying, don’t fight it. It’s a natural—and healthy—emotional response(反应).●According to the author, which of the following statements is true?A. Crying is the best way to get help from others.B. Fighting back tears may cause some health problems.C. We will never know our deep feelings unless we cry.D. We must cry if we want to reduce pressure.【解题思路分析】答案选B。

作者在文章中说Studies show that too much control can lead to high blood press, heart problems and other illnesses，即过多地忍住情感（如忍住不哭等ch control can lead to high blood press, ）有可能会导致健康问题。

这里虽然用了Studies show… (研究表明……)这样的字眼，但作者在此显然是为增加说服力而特意采用的一种表现手法，也就是说，研究所表明的结果就是作者的观点，故最佳答案为B。

三、如何推断写作目的1. 提问方式(1) 考查整篇文章The writer writes this passage in or der to _____.The writer’s purpose of writing this passage is to _____.What is the purpose of writing this article?In writing the passage, the author intends to _____.(2) 考查某处细节的写作意图The writer uses the example of…to show that _____.The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _____.…are mentioned in the first paragraph to _____.常见的写作目的归纳不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的, 但写作目的通常有以下三种：(1)娱乐读者，让人发笑(2) 说服读者接受某种观点(3)告知读者某些信息技巧点拨：根据文体类别推断写作目的这就要求我们了解在历年高考阅读题中，不同文体与三种目的的大致对应关系，这有助于做好此类试题。

第一种写作目的（to entertain readers）常见于故事类的文章。

如全国卷曾有一篇阅读文章，作者虚构了两个宇航员在太空工作的情形，一个宇航员Joe做完了修理工作后要回到飞船上，用力敲了多次飞船的门，但门都没开，最后才传来这样一句话“Who’s there ?” “It’s me ! Who else could it be ?”Joe生气地大喊。