高中英语虚拟语气Subjunctive语法
SubjunctiveMood (虚拟语气)
1) If it snowed today, I would stay at home. 2) If it had snowed yesterday, I would have stayed at home. snowed 3) If it were to snow tomorrow, I should snow would stay at home. Note: If I had the book, I will lend it to you.
It is + adj. / n.+ that + (should) be 型 It is necessary that some immediate effort (should) be made. Note: It is amazing (odd, strange, surprising, wrong, astonishing, inconceivable, a pity, a shame, a thousand pities, to be regretted), I am surprised (sorry) , I regret…, that 从句中用should,不可省， 意为“竟然”。
5) ___ (be) I in good health, I ___ (go) with you tomorrow.
→ if 的省略——倒装：假设条件状语从句中谓语动词部 分是were + to do, had done或是should + do时
可把if省略，把were, had, should提前, 引起倒装。
Note: 比较下面两句 She would have come to see you but she was ill that day. She would have come to see you but that she was ill that day. （but that 只能表示虚拟条件） But that it snowed heavily, they could have arrived there earlier. = But for the heavy snow, …
语法大全：虚拟语气精品资料(Subjunctive Mood)
含蓄虚拟条件句
分词短语或不定式短语也可引导暗含虚拟条件句。 例句：You would have laughed to see him jump aside. 你要是看到他跳到一边的样子一定会大笑。
暗含虚拟条件的简单句中，虚拟语气可通过上下文表现出 来。 例句：You shouldn't have been following him so closely; you should have kept your distance. 你本不该跟他这么紧，你本该保持一定距离的。
例句3：
Had he worked harder, he would have got through the exam. = If he had worked harder...
只有were/should/had三种情况。
含蓄虚拟条件句
有时虚拟语气还可以用but for, without, under, with, in the absence of等介词短语和连词but, or, but that 以及otherwise等形式引导。 例句1： Under such circumstances, I would probably have done the same. 在这样的情况下，我也可能做出同样的事情。 例句2： But that he came to help me, I couldn't have succeeded. 要不是他来帮我，我就不可能成功。
宾语从句中的虚拟语气
注意： 当suggest, insist等动词不表示建议、要求等意思时，其 宾语从句中的谓语动词不需要使用虚拟语气。
例如：
1：Are you suggesting that I am not suited for the job? 你是在暗示说我不适合那工作吗？ 2：He insisted that he was innocent. 他坚称自己是无辜的。
高三英语虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)：表示与事实不符的情况人教版知识精讲
高三英语虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）：表示与事实不符的情况人教版【同步教育信息】一. 本周教学内容虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）：表示与事实不符的情况二. 重点、难点虚拟语气是通过一些谓语动词的特殊形式表达的，虚拟语气在条件状语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、主语从句、定语从句中均有应用。
本讲中打破了以往语法书的讲解规则，将虚拟语气的主要应用分为七类，便于记忆和运用。
三. 具体内容1. wish 引导的宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构。
例句：I wish all of you could enter a good university .我希望你们每一个人都能考上好大学。
I wish I were as young as you .我真希望自己和你们一样年轻。
2. If或supposing 引导的条件状语从句的虚拟语气结构注：（1）从句和主句可以根据时间选择不同的虚拟语气结构（2）从句中的虚拟语气结构可以使用倒装，去掉if，用were , had , should 代替if。
（3）其他由as if , as though , even if , even though , if only引导的状语从句或表语从句中，都使用由if引导的从句虚拟语气结构。
例句：If you had prepared for the exam well , you wouldn’t have failed .如果你好好复习，你就不会不及格了。
Supposing you had prepared for the exam well , you wouldn’t regret now .如果你好好复习了，现在就不会后悔。
Were I you , I wouldn’t waste the time .如果我是你，我就不浪费时间。
He looks as if he had known the secret.他看上去好像知道了那个秘密。
高中英语语法-虚拟语气讲解
高中英语语法-虚拟语气讲解【The Subjunctive Mood】语气(mood)是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。
英语中的语气有三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。
直陈语气(indicative mood),表示所说的话是事实。
祈使语气(imperative mood),表示所说的话是请求或命令。
虚拟语气(subjunctive mood),表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。
一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类：条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。
真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。
如：If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨，我就去野餐。
Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。
虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+动词原形。
如：If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。
（事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐。
表示愿望。
）If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。
（事实是：他没来这，他不可能帮助你。
表示对他的良好印象。
）2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词，主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+ have ＋过去分词。
Subjunctive Mood虚拟语气高三
4.错综时间条件句: 有时条件从句同主句的谓语 动词的动作发生的时间不一致(如一个过去,一个 现在). 这时动词的形式要按照主句和从句各自 的时间作调整. 要是你去年努力一点，你现在就在大学里学习了。 If you had worked harder last year, you would be studying at the university now. 司机要不是开快车，现在就不会在医院里了。 If the driver had not driven so fast,he would not be in hospital now.
5.有时一个假设的情况并不用条件从句而用其他 方式表示，这叫含蓄条件。如用with, without 等介词短语、独立结构、otherwise 等。 如果没有你们的帮助，我们早就死了。 We might have died without your help. =… if you hadn’t helped us. 如果我们及时知道的话，就可能阻止它。 Having known in time, we could have stopped it. = If we had known in time… 上周我很忙，不然我就来看你了。 I was busy last week, otherwise I would have come to see you. = …if I hadn’t been busy...
1.表示和过去事实相反
主 句 would/could/might had＋过去分词 have + 过去分词 如果司机没有开那么快，事故就不会发生了。 If the driver hadn’t driven so fast, the accident wouldn’t have happened. 要不是这男孩和同学打架，他父亲也不会揍他。 If the boy hadn’t fought with his classmate, his father wouldn’t have beaten him. 要不是犯了法，他们也不会被关进监狱。 If they hadn’t broken the law, they wouldn’t have been put in prison. 从 句
The Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气
The Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气虚拟语气的三个基本句型:表示与现在的事实相反:if 从句中: did主句中: would/should/could/might +doe.g. If I had a mobile phone, I would call you every day.If he were here, everything would be all right.----- Were he here, everything would be all right. (倒装语序)If I were a bird, I would fly freely in the sky.--- Were I a bird, I would fly freely in the sky. (倒装语序)(B) 表示与将来的事实相反:if 从句中:(a) did(b) were to do(c) should do主句中:would/should/could/might +do陈述语气: If it rains tomorrow, I will not go to the park.虚拟语气: If it rained tomorrow, I would not go to the park.If it were to rain tomorrow, I wouldn’t go to the park.--- Were it to rain tomorrow, I wouldn’t go to the park. (倒装语序) If it should rain tomorrow, I wouldn’t go to the park.--- Should it rain tomorrow, I wouldn’t go to the park. (倒装语序)(C) 表示与过去的事实相反:if 从句中: had done主句中:would/should/could/might + have donee.g. If he had passed the exam last term, he would have got a present from his father.--- Had he passed the exam last term, he would have got a present from his father. (倒装语序)If it hadn’t been sunny yesterday, they wouldn’t have harvested the rice.--- Had it not been sunny yesterday, they wouldn’t have harvested the rice. (倒装语序)混合形式的虚拟语气: (if 从句与过去的事实相反,主句与现在的事实相反)e.g. If you had spoken to him about it last time you saw him, you would know what to do now.If I had taken my umbrella with me when I came out this morning, I shouldn’t be wet now.He would be studying at university now if he had passed the college entrance examinations.had expected / had hoped that ...would do ... 表示未实现的愿望或出乎意料的事实:I had hoped that I would be a doctor, but I became a teacher at last.He had expected that his daughter would be a soldier, but she was not strong enough.would rather (that) sb. did sth. 表示”倒是希望” (现在或将来......)would rather (that) sb. had done sth. 表示”倒是希望” (过去......)e.g. I would rather (that) he were not so rude to his teachers.I would rather (that) he came here tomorrow than today.I would rather (that) you had not told her the truth last night.(5) wish 后的从句中用虚拟语气: 多么希望......, 但愿......e.g. How I wish I were a girl !How he wishes that he could fly across the Atlantic to meet his girlfriend!How I wish I had not lost my money on the way back home yesterday!注意mind(介意,反对)的用法:e.g. Do you mind sitting here ? = Do you mind if you sit here?(陈述语气)Do you mind my sitting here? =Do you mind if I sit here? (陈述语气)Would you mind sitting here? = Would you mind if you sat here?(虚拟语气) Would you mind my sitting here? = Would you mind if I sat here? (虚拟语气) (7) It is time (that) ... did sth.It is high time (that) ... did sth.It is about time (that) ... did sth.该做某事了;是做某事的时候了;早该做某事了e.g. It is time for lunch.It is time to have lunch.It is time for us to have lunch.It is (high / about) time (that) we had lunch.if only 若是......该多好:e.g. If only I had a sister.If only she were together with me enjoying the happy mornings.If only he could travel in space.If only I had bought that expensive car last spring.what if ...? 若是......会如何? 要是......又怎样?e.g. What if he were not in at this moment?What if he couldn’t afford such a car?What if we had not met at the party last night?在表示”命令,要求,请求,建议”等意义的名词性从句中,使用(should) +do 结构: (A) It is better that...(should) + do It is important that... (should) + doIt is natural that... (should) + do It is necessary that... (should) + doIt is possible that... (should) + do It is strange that... (should) + doIt is vital that …(should) + doIt is desirable that …(should) + doIt is ordered that... (should) + do It is suggested that... (should) + doIt is required that... (should) + do It is demanded that... (should) + doe.g. It is necessary that he (should) be present at the conference.It is strange that she should have failed in the last test. (过去)It is ordered that the classroom (should) not be opened until 7 a.m.It is required that every room (should) be cleaned every day.(B) ask要求advise建议suggest 建议propose建议recommend建议,推荐urge 敦促decide insist坚持要求order命令request请求require要求direct 指示instruct 指示desire 欲求demand要求+ that-从句:e.g. He insisted [(on it) that ] John (should) pay for the broken glass.We strongly suggest that Smith (should) be told about his physical condition as soon as possible.They recommended that a second chance (should) not be given to any of them. advice demand request order decision requirement suggestion proposal （建议）recommendation urge desire direction instruction + that-从句(名词性从句)e.g. Your suggestion that he (should) be invited to the party was rejected by the teacher.His advice is that she (should) wait until next week.注意suggest 和insist 两个不同用法:(A) suggest 建议(虚拟语气):I suggest a party tonight.I suggest having a party tonight.I suggest them having a party tonight.I suggest that they (should) have a party tonight.I suggest that a party (should) be held tonight.suggest 暗示,使人联想到(陈述语气，时态一致):His accent suggests that he is from /comes from Shanghai.His words suggested that he didn’t agree with what you had said.Her red face suggested that she was shy while speaking in public.insist 坚持要求(做某事)(虚拟语气):She insisted on being sent abroad for further education..She insisted [(on it) that] she (should) be sent abroad for further education. insist 坚持说,坚持认为(陈述语气，时态一致):She insisted on being correct.She insisted [(on it) that] she was correct.The man insisted [(on it) that] he had never seen me before.隐含的虚拟语气:(A) or / otherwise 否则,要不然e.g. I don’t know his address. Otherwise I would write to him often.He didn’t come to school yesterday, or he would have handed in his homework. without若不是,要是没有but for若不是,要是没有but that-从句若不是If it were not for...若不是(现在或将来)If it had not been for... 若不是(过去)e.g. Without water / But for water / If it were not for water / Were it not for water, there could be no life.But for your help / Without your help / If it had not been for your help / Had it not been for your help, we wouldn’t have finished the work on time last week.He could have got lost (虚拟语气) in the forest but that the guide helped (陈述语气) him.(13) as if / as though 似乎,好象even if / even though 即使.纵然supposing 假定e.g. Alan talks as if he knew everything.A pencil partly in a glass of water looks as if it were broken.She looked as if she had been weeping.The old man held her as if she would not let her go.She talks a lot about the Great Wall as though she had been there herself. Catherine remembers the whole thing as if it (had) only happened yesterday. Supposing the weather was (were) bad tomorrow, what would your plans be? Nothing could have saved him even if he had been tended without delay.(14) in case 万一,以防for fear that 惟恐e.g. I will take a raincoat with me in case it rains / in case it should rain.I hid myself behind the door for fear that I should be found.(15) so that / in order that以便,为了: (时态一致)e.g. She gets up early every morning so that she can get to school on time.She got up early this morning so that she could get to school on time.She repeated what she had said in order that she might be clearly heard.。
2025届高考英语虚拟语气知识点总结+课件
Homework
1. 完成高考汇编关于虚拟语气的练习题； 2. 用虚拟语气完成小诗。小诗的首句已给出。
If I were a bird, I would fly into the sky. ......
Thanks
为什么不用If I am a boy? 为什么不用If I was a boy?
虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。
动词语气
1、虚拟语气：虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜疑、建议或与事实不符 的假设等，而不表示客观存在的事实。 2、虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。
你会辨认虚拟语气了吗？
对现在的虚拟条件从句
If there were no subjunctive(虚拟语气), English would be much easier.
从句
主句
If + 主语 + 过去式（were），主语 + should/would/could/might + 动词原形
来练一练
1. If there ____w__e_r_e____ (be) no air or water，there ____w_o_u__ld__b_e_____no living things on the earth.
如果我是个男孩 我想我能够明白 爱一个女孩是什么样的滋味 我发誓我会是一个好男人 我会倾听她， 因为我了解
When you loose the one you wanted 失去了你爱的人那有多痛苦
Cause he’s taken you for granted
因为他把你视作理所当然
And everything you had got destroyed! 你的一切都被毁
虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)
虚拟语气
5虚. 拟情况 虚拟语气
从句
后的宾语从句常用
与现在事实或将来事实相反 与过去事实相反
I’d rather he _______ (go) to the seaside with me the day before yesterday.
6.
引导的
常用虚拟语气
She looked as if nothing ___________ (happen) to her.
或
we _________________ (start) out.
you _____________(get) up.
虚拟语气
4.虚拟语气在动词
中的运用[
wish+宾语从句表示不能实现的愿望，可意为“
虚拟情况
从句
] ”
I wish (that) I ____ (be) a bird and could fly freely in the sky. I wish (that) I _______ (meet) that film star yesterday. I wish (that) he _________ (visit) me tomorrow.
put off.
If you
my advice, you
in this exam.
练习: 1. If I were you, I _w__ou_l_d_s_e_iz_e__(seize) the chance to go abroad.
2. If you hadn’t encouraged me, I _w__ou_l_d_n_o_t_h_a_v_e_b_e_e_n__ad_m__it_t_ed__(not admit) to this unversity.
高中英语虚拟语气用法详解
⾼中英语虚拟语⽓⽤法详解虚拟语⽓语⽓（mood）也是动词的⼀种形式变化。
这和中⽂中的语⽓是不⼀样的。
它表⽰说话者对所指的动词或状态所持的态度，⽽且，在谓语动词上有所体现，⽽中⽂没有体现。
语⽓可分为三种：陈述语⽓、祈使语⽓和虚拟语⽓。
虚拟语⽓（the Subjunctive Mood）表⽰说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发⽣的情况，⽽是⼀种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。
⼀、虚拟条件句1．主句和从句都与现在事实相反时，从句⽤⼀般过去时，be的形式要⽤were，主句⽤would/could/ should/might+不定式⼀般式。
If I were you, I should not go with him.2．主句和从句都与过去事实相反时，从句⽤过去完成时，主句⽤would/should/could/might+不定式完成式。
If I had tried hard last term, I would have succeeded.3．当主句和从句都与将来事实相反，或指不⼤可能发⽣的事的时候，从句和与现在事实相反的从句时态相同，或⽤should/were to+不定式⼀般式，主句和与现在事实相反的主句相同。
If it rained/were to rain/should rain tomorrow, the match would be put off.4．在使⽤虚拟条件句时，由于语⾔环境的千差万别，各种时间关系混合使⽤是很常见的。
如果逻辑上讲得通，主句和从句的动词时态可进⾏各种各样的搭配。
If it hadn't rained those days, （从句与过去事实相反）1 work would be finished next week. （主句与将来事实相反）2.here wouldn't be any water in the river now. （主句与现在事实相反）⼀、语⽓及其种类1．语⽓（mood）语⽓是⼀种动词形式，表⽰讲话⼈对某⼀⾏为或事情的看法和态度。
虚拟语气-Subjunctive Mood
A. 与现在事实相反： 与现在事实相反：
If + 主语 + were / V-ed, 主语 + should (would, might, could) + V. E.g. --- If he were a millionaire, I would die. --- If the end of the world came now, I would feel very sad.
E.G. --- Had you invited us, we would have come to your party. --- Were I you, I would do more practice after class. --- Could she lend us a helping hand, she would do so.
Exercise: 1. It’s necessary that he _____ the book at once. A. will return B. returned C. has to return D. return 2. I desire that my boyfriend ______ 10 million. A. has B. have C. will have D. had 3. My suggestion was that we _____ there after the class. A. went B. would go C. had gone D. go 4. He didn’t go to the party, but he does wish he _____ there. A. had been B. has been C. would have been D. would be
高中英语语法-虚拟语气的讲解Subjunctive Mood
你该走了。 It‟s high time that you were going.
It‟s time that we went to bed.
It‟s time that we should go to bed.
5.表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。 宾语从句。常见动词： 一个坚持，两个命 令，三个建议，四个要求。即 1). insist 2). order, command
made a mistake.
与现在事实相反have 3. If I had taken your advice, I wouldn‟t
4. If he had been there, it wouldn‟t have happened.
与过去事实相反
5.If it should rain tomorrow, they wouldn‟t go for an outing.
I wish I were as tall as you. 我希望和你一样高。
He wished he hadn„t said that. 他希望他没讲那样的话。 I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。
2）wish to do表达法。
wish sb / sth to do I wish to see the manager.
真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的 情况可能发生，其中 if 是如果的意思。
句型： 条件从句 主句 一般现在时 shall/will + V 原形. If he comes, he will bring his violin
B The volleyball match will be put off if it ___. A.will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained
Subjunctive Mood
（二）时态推后型主要用于下列五种句式： 1. 在由if / unless引导的条件从句及其主句中
条件从句 与现在事实相反 与过去/过去将 来事实相反 与将来事实相反 一般过去时(be → were) 过去完成时 一般过去时 / 过去将来时(should / were to + V) 主 句 would / should / could / might + V would / should / could / might + have +V-ed would / should / could / might + V
2.在 “would, would／had rather (宁愿；巴不得), would／had sooner (宁愿), would／had (just) as soon (还是愿意/但愿)等 + 从句” 以及wish后面的宾语从句中, 表示与事实相反的虚拟语气要用did表示现在和将来的含义, 用had done表示过去的含 义。 Would you mind if I opened the door? I’d rather we had / didn’t have dinner now. I would just as soon you didn’t take those important papers with you. I wish(ed) I / he were a millionaire. I wish(ed) he hadn’t gone. I wish he would / might / were to stay with me. 3. 在以suppose / supposing / imagine 开头的祈使句或条件句中： Suppose the earth were flat. Just suppose / imagine everyone were to give up smoking. Supposing it were so? (= Supposing it were so, what would happen?) (supposing = what if) 4. 在“It is / was (high或about) time” 之后的that-从句中，用did表示“做某事的 时间早完了或早该做了” 。 It’s time you went to bed. 你该睡觉了。 5. 在as if / as though所引导的状语/表语从句中（在现代英语中也常用陈述语气）： He spoke / speaks as if he were a foreigner. （同时发生） He spoke / speaks as if he had done something wrong. （ “好像以前做错了 事” —先于主句发生） He looks as if he had a lot of money.
英语虚拟语气语法总结
英语虚拟语气语法总结虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）是英语中一种特殊的语气形式，用来表达非真实情况、假设情况、愿望、建议等。
虚拟语气需要根据上下文来区分，采用特定的动词形式。
以下是对英语虚拟语气的语法总结：一、假设与虚拟条件：1. 表示假设情况时，使用"if"引导从句，主句使用虚拟语气。
- If I were you, I would study harder.（如果我是你，我会更努力学习。
）- If you had told me earlier, I could have helped you.（如果你早告诉我，我本可以帮你。
）2. 当表示与现实相反的情况时，主句使用过去时的虚拟语气，从句使用过去完成时的虚拟语气。
- He wishes he were taller.（他希望自己长得更高。
）- I wish I hadn't eaten so much.（我希望我没吃那么多。
）3. 在嵌入式虚拟语气中，主句使用过去时的虚拟语气，从句使用过去完成时的虚拟语气。
- She suggested that he have a rest.（她建议他休息一下。
）- It is important that he be on time.（他准时到达很重要。
）二、愿望与建议：1. 表示愿望时，使用"would like"或"hope"，后接宾语从句。
- I would like you to come to my party.（我希望你来参加我的派对。
）- She hopes that the weather will be good tomorrow.（她希望明天天气会好。
）2. 表示建议时，使用"should"或"would rather"等，后接宾语从句。
- I suggest that you see a doctor.（我建议你去看医生。
必修6 unite1-2语法虚拟语气
虚拟语气
If型特例1：混杂条件句：
定义：从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同
If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now.
与过去相反
. ★If the flower had been watered, it ______ now. A. wouldn’t die B. is dead C. had been dead D. will not die
虚拟语气
If 型
[例句] 1. If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. 要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。(与过 去事实相反) 2. If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you. 明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。(与将来事实可 能相反) 3. If I were you, I would go at once. 假如我是你的话，我会马上走。(与现在事实相反， 事实上我不可能是你)
A. was
B. was to be
C. be
D. must be
3.He had an idea that we ______ by bike. A. shall go B. go C. went D. would go
4.My suggestion is that the meeting ______ off till tomorrow. A. to put B. be put C. should put D. be putting
虚拟语气
2. Should + V 型 在宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句 及主语从句中 句型 it is necessary/strange/…that +从句
英语虚拟语气的语法归纳
英语虚拟语气的语法归纳虚拟语气是英语语法考试中的重点，那么你掌握了吗?下面是店铺为你整理的英语虚拟语气的语法的相关资料，希望大家喜欢!英语虚拟语气的语法归纳虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
Ⅰ用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气⒈ 用if条件从句表示的虚拟条件，是虚拟条件最普通的方式。
① 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be 一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形，例如：If I were in your position I would marry her.② 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had+过去分词，主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词，例如：If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.③ 大多数的虚拟条件句属于上面三种情况的一种，但并不排除存在条件和后果中，一个和现在情况相反，另一个和过去情况相反，例如：If you had followed what the doctor said, you would not have been so painful now.这个句子在高中出现频率颇高。
④ 但是，如果后果用了虚拟语气，而条件却用陈述语气，这种用法是错的。
⒉ 除了表示虚假条件外，if从句还可以表示对将来的推测，由于是将来还没有发生的，所以谈不上是真实的还是虚假的，只能说这个事情发生的可能性有多大。
一般情况下，可以用陈述语气的if从句来表示对一个未来事实的推测，这个事实是完全可能发生的。
虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)
虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）语法归纳1. 主语从句中的虚拟语气用于句型：It is …that…中，主要有表示建议、命令、要求、惊异和失望等的形容词名词和过去分词，其形式为：（should）+ 动词原形。
（1）常这样用的形容词有：important, essential（重要的），vital（重要的）, critical（重要的），necessary （需要的）natural（自然的），,appropriate （适当的），advisable（建议的），better（更好的），desirable（想要的），preferable（选择的，更喜欢的），strange （奇怪的），urgent（紧急的）,imperative(（紧急的/重要的）等。
例如：It is important that we (should) take effective measures to protect our environment.It is essential that we (should) be aware of the negative influence of the bad habit on us.It is critical that we (should) have sufficient courage, confidence, patience and perseverance to face and get rid of our bad habits.It is vital that we (should) understand, trust and respect each other.It is necessary that we (should) carry out a survey on this matter.It is natural that there (should) be a generation gap between us and our parents if we don’t communicate with each other.It is appropriate that we (should) help others without making them embarrassed.It is advisable that we (should) take a positive attitude other than a negative attitude towards this matter.It is better that we (should) stand in our parents’ shoes.It is desirable that the Internet (should) be available any time anywhere.It is preferable that the plan for next week (should) be rearranged（重新安排）.It is urgent that effective steps (should) be taken to stop the contamination (污染).It is imperative that we (should ) make a quick decision.It is strange that he (should) leave without a word. It is not like him.（表惊奇，不敢相信时用虚拟语气）他一句话也没说就走了，真奇怪, 这不象他的做事风格。
subjunctive
虚拟语气英语虚拟语气主要用在条件句和其他从句中。
一、条件句中的虚拟语气：条件句中的虚拟语气表示纯然假设或发生的可能性不大的情况，主要分以下三种形式：1.对现在的情况假设,谓语的形式如下：如：If he was here, we could ask him.如果他在这里，我们可以问他。
If it weren’t raining, we wouldn’t stay indoors.要是现地不下雨，我们就不会待在屋里了。
If I knew German, I would read Das Capital in the original.如果我懂德语，我就要看《资本论》原文了。
2.对过去的情况假设,谓语的形式如下：如：If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train.要是早点动身就赶上火车了。
If I hadn’t taken your advice, I would have made a bad mistake.我要不是听了你的劝告就犯大错了。
3.对将来的情况假设,谓语的形式如下：如：How nice it would be if you could stay a bit longer.要是你能多待些时候多好啊！----Don’t press the button.----What (would happen) if I did?----不要按按钮。
----要是按了会怎么样？If they were to (should) act like that again, we should punish them severely.要是他们再这样做，我们就会重罚他们。
注意：1.）如果条件句中包含有一个助动词、情态动词、动词be或have，有时可把if省略掉，但要把助动词、情态动词、动词be或have放在主语前面。
Should there be a flood, what should we do?万一发生水灾我们怎么办？Were it not for their assistance, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties.要不是他们协助，这些困难我们是克服不了的。
subjunctive虚拟语气专题
虚拟语气虚拟语气(The Subjunctive Mood)是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设，猜测、建议、可能或空想等等。
虚拟语气通常用在表示非真实的条件从句、含蓄条件从句，as if/as though引导的从句以及动词wish等之后的宾语从句中等等。
1》虚拟语气在非真实条件中的三种用法1)表示与现在事实相反的情况时，非真实条件从句(Sentence of Unreal Condition)中的动词用过去式(be的过去式，通常用were,有时第三人称单数亦用was)，主句的动词用would/should/could或者might + 动词原形"。
If I had time I would go for a walk.假如我有时间，我就去散步。
If I were invited, I would go to the dinner party·假如邀请我,我会去赴宴。
I would study very hard if I were you·假如我是你的话，我就努力学习。
If she knew about it now she would come. 她现在要是知道这件事的话，她是会来的。
If I did not water the vegetables every day, they would/could not grow so well.如果我不是每天给菜浇水，菜就不会(不可能)长得那么好。
2）表示与过去事实相反的情况时，非真实条件从句的动词用had+过去分词"，主句的动词用"would/would/could或might have + 过去分词"。
If Sadam hadn’t inv aded Kuwait in 1990, there would have been no Gulf War in 1990.If the doctor had been careful, I wouldn’t have had this operation.If you had taken his advice, you wouldn’t have made such a mistake.如果你当时接受了他的劝告;你是不会犯这样的错误的。
subjunctive虚拟语气完好版
C We ___ the work on time without your help. A. hadn’t had finished B. didn’t have finished C. couldn’t have finished D.can’t have finished If you ___ at school ,you ___ a college student now.( C ) A .had studied hard ; would have been B.should have studied hard ; should have been C.had studied hard ; would be D.would study hard ; must have been
7.--- He is a very brave man . -----Yes , I wish I _____his courage . A. have B. had C. will have D. may have 8. I wish I _____ able to tell him all about it last night . A. was B. were C. had been D. should go 9.I wish I ___ you yesterday . A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see 10. I wish I ____ ten years younger . A. am B. were C. am going to D. be
祈使 语气
用来表示请求、邀请、命 令、警告或劝告等。
虚拟语气
表示说话人的一种愿望、建议、命令、 要求、有时是一种非真实的假设、料想， 或是不可能实现的与事实相反的愿望。
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The storm stopped, otherwise the sailors would have fallen into the sea.
Without your help, I would have failed.
But for your help, I wouldn’t have finished the
假如我是你的话，我会马上走。 (与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你) 2.If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have
met him. 要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。
(与过去事实相反) 3.If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you.
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含蓄条件句
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含蓄条件句的虚拟语气
有些句子中，没有表示虚拟语气的词，但是根据前后句意， 要使用虚拟语气。
You could have done better, but you didn’t try your best.
Five minutes earlier and you could have met her at the station.
1. If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.
= Had you come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.
2. 2. If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see = Wyoeur.e it sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you.
明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。 (与将来事实可能相反)
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如果虚拟语气从句中用 should + 动词原形的话， 主句也可以不用虚拟语气，表示 防备，以防万一等含义.
If it should rain tomorrow, don’t wait for me. 万一明天下雨，不要等我了.
If Tom should bleed again, call me. 万一Tom又流血了， 打电话给我.
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在if非真实条件句中 混合型的虚拟语气
当条件从句与结果主句所表的时间不一致时，虚拟语气的形 式应当做相应的调整
1)if you had followed my advice yesterday, you would be better now.
2)If the doctor had come sooner last night, Tom would be alive now.
与将来 ①if+if+主语+were to+
动原
主语+Would / could /
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③if+主语+should+动
might /should +动词4原
虚拟语气
虚拟语气在 在if非真实条件句中 [例句]
1.If I were you, I would go at once.
副词如or, otherwise,介词如 with, without, but for(要不是)等也可以引起虚拟语气。例如： He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it.
She wasn’t feeling well. Otherwise/or she would not have left so early.
3.=IfSiht oshuoldulidt rraaiinn,,IIwwoouullddssttaayyaatthhoommee..
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如果条件句为否定句，not 应该放在主语后不 能与were, had(助动词),和should连写放在句首. If I were not busy, I would go with you. = Were I not busy, I would go with you.
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虚拟语气
虚拟语气的概念
• 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式， 一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是 一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、 怀疑等(在条件从句中)；二是表示 说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议 等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位 语从句)。
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if引导的虚拟条件句
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虚拟语气在 在if非真实条件句中
Given more time, he could have done it better.
I should have visited you yesterday, but I was busy.
The tree died, I should have watered it.
Everything taken into consideration(=if everything had been taken into consideratio教n学)p,ptthey would have raised 12 their output quickly.
一、在if条件从句中 (叫虚拟条件句)，表示与事实相反 的条件。
从句
主句
与现在 If+主语+动词过去式（be 主语+Would / could /
事实相反 动词用were）
might /should +动词原
形
与过去 If+主语+动词过去完成式 事实相反
主语+Would/could /might /should + have+过去分词
3)If he had taken the medicine yesterday, he would be fine now.
(从句与过去相反，主句与现在相反)
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倒装的If虚拟句
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If条件句中虚拟语气中的倒装结构
如果if 从句中有were, should 或者had ，可以 省略if,而把这些词放在主语前面构成倒装。