做好数学语言的翻译-江苏省丹阳高级中学
江苏省丹阳高级中学牛津译林版英语Module8 Unit3 The world of colours and light知识点梳理 精品
M8 U3 The world of colours and light一、词形转换1.Spain—Spanish2.architecture-architect-architection3. medium-media4.cube-cubic-cubism5.rectangle-rectangular6.consensus-consensual7.calculate-calculator-calculation8.imress-impressive-impression-impressionism-impressionistmit-committed-commitment10.reward-rewarding 11. agent-agency 12. change-changeable13. accommodation-accommodate 14. admission-admit 15.disgusting-disgusted-disgust 易错词ca l culate commi tt ed chang ea ble a cc o mm odation admi ss ion s c enery w r inkle passer s-by二、重点短语1.be around 出现，存在，流行The art of painting has been around for many thousands of years.2.be amazed at /by sb./sth. ；be amazed to see, find, learn…be amazed that/how…；to one’s amazementeg. They were amazed at the sight of the huge dog.I was amazed to see everything was in a mess when I came back from holiday.Everyone was amazed that she still had energy after running a marathon.3.have an output of 有……的产量4.experiment on/upon=make/do/perform/conduct/carry out an experiment on 在……上做实验experiment with 尝试、试用；用……做实验5.represent…as…把……描述成……eg. The king is represented as a hero in the play.6.develop an acute interest in art；have an acute sense of smell7.by popular consensus 举世公认; reach an consensus on/ over…就……达成共识There is a general/universal consensus among teachers about the need for greater security in schools.教师们对必须加强学校的保安有普遍的共识。
江苏省丹阳高级中学2023-2024学年高三语文第一学期期末教学质量检测试题含解析
江苏省丹阳高级中学2023-2024学年高三语文第一学期期末教学质量检测试题注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号和座位号填写在试题卷和答题卡上。
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1．阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。
（甲）能够传世的作品必传神。
真正传神的作品，既是艺术写真，更是．．时代写照。
只有在时代生活中“抓活鱼”，艺术才能拥有“沾泥土”“带露珠”“冒热气”的生动与鲜活。
（乙）从时代、人民对主题性艺术创作的要求，思考“以形写神”在中国画史中的重要性，可以获得更深刻的体会。
要想获得“沾泥土”“带露珠”“冒热气”的艺术效果，主体性创作必须远离程式化。
画家创作时若拘泥．．于成法的制作，则有程式化的嫌疑。
程式化创作很容易让画家失去创造力——艺术独创的过程总是艰辛的，肯定不如以轻车熟路．．．．的艺术形式完成创作那么轻松。
因此，在注重传承关系的中国书画领域，缺乏真切艺术感受的程式化创作容易成为一种惯性。
（丙）在技法娴熟和已有的观念基础上，中国画创作者要勇于摒弃习惯性的创作图式．．、保持艺术敏感度，将生活中感动心灵的瞬间完整记录下来，让内容与形式妥帖融合，增强作品的艺术感染力。
1．文段中的加点词语，运用不正确．．．的一项是A．更是B．拘泥C．轻车熟路D．图式2．文段中画线的甲、乙、丙句，标点有误的一项是A．甲B．乙C．丙2．阅读下面这首唐诗，完成下面小题。
江苏省丹阳高级中学自主招生英语辅导材料7 Word版含答案
江苏省丹阳高级中学英语自主招生辅导材料（七）一、词汇拓展1.In her leisure time she visits museums and galleriesTake the leaflets home and read them at your leisure2.Plastic window frames are more durable than wood.3.I dropped the plate and it smashed.Larry smashed his fist down on the table.4.Be careful. The floor’s very slippery.Once you start taking soft drugs you’re on the slippery slope to becoming an addict.5.Exercise really can help you withstand stresses and strains more easily6.“ Who cooked the meal? “Well it was a joint effort really.”Jackie and Ben came to a joint decision as to where they would live.7.In their haste to escape the rising water, they dropped some expensive equipment.More haste, less speed.8.People with the virus may feel perfectly well, but they can still infect others.Lucy’s enthusiasm soon infected the rest of the class.9.I estimate that the total cost for treatment will be $12,500.10.61 countries severely restrict women's rights to abortion11.Will they be able to resist the temptation to buy?52Next week, health ministers gather in Amsterdam to talk about a strategy for controlling malaria.12.Today’s the first time I’ve ventured out of doors since my illness.Nobody ventured to say a word.Nothing ventured, nothing gained.13.I had to wear long sleeves to stop myself scratching.Hong Kong's manufacturing industry did not start from scratch in the post-war period.14.Beijing has begun to pursue its regional interests more forcefully.Lane didn’t dare to pursue the matter too far15.A lot of those children have been deprived of a normal home life.16.Sue’s very nice, but she does tend to dominate the conversation.Education issues dominated the election campaign.17.The flavor of most foods can be enhanced by good cooking.18.Some people say that's why the dinosaurs went extinct.19.I’m in a dilemma about this job offer.20.Juan accepted his destiny without complaint.二、完形填空:My name is Amy. I’m a 25-year-old graduate student who likes yoga, home-decorating shows and eating spoonfuls of peanut butter 21 from the jar. Oh yeah, and I’m an iPhone addict.I wasn’t always an addict. In fact, for many years I told myself I didn’t want a 22 cellphone. They seemed like too much work, always beeping, ringing and 23 attention.I was 24 content with my simple antique (古董，此处指旧手机), and I di dn’t expect to change my mind any time soon.However, about a year ago, I found myself envious of all those proud iPhone owners, cradling their shiny new phones and 25 all their friends. I started listening secretly to conversations about “iPhone apps”, feeling like a 26 listening to a language I couldn’t speak.Eventually I couldn’t27 my iPhone instinct (本能) any longer, and I welcomed my new iPhone into my life.To my surprise, I suddenly found myself with a whole new circle of friends. They 28 my iPhone-related inquiries when my other friends couldn’t, and didn’t29 when I bragged about (吹嘘) all the things little Eloise (yes, I named her) could do.However, I realized I had a problem when one day I found myself Google-mapping my way to my mailbox, which happens to be right outside my front door.When I 30 the past few months, I couldn’t believe I didn’t see this coming. All the 31 signs were there. Eloise slept right beside me and was the first thing I 32 in the morning. I 33 my e-mail about 20 times a day. I also experienced 34 when I left poor Eloise in the change room at the gym. 35 she beeped and needed my response?Okay, so I was addicted to my iPhone.I decided 36 had to be done. But, as I quickly realized, iPhones are like 37 and not easy to quit.Then, while taking the bus to work one day, I was 38 forced to quit—at least 39 . When I reached into my purse to grab Eloise, (to refer to my e-mail for only the seventh time that morning), I found her 40 by fever. She was so hot that I dropped her immediately back into my bag. When I picked her up again, she was gone.21. A. straight B. excitedly C. hurriedly D. randomly22. A. faithful B. fancy C. fragile D. curious23. A. demanding B. attempting C. rejecting D. paying24. A. partly B. frequently C. perfectly D. gradually25. A. showing them off to B. impressing them onC. discussing them withD. recommending them to26. A. farmer B. tourist C. native D. worker27. A. inspect B. submit C. ignore D. confirm28. A. turned down B. laughed at C. comment on D. responded to29. A. roll their eyes B. open their mouths C. wave their hands D. nod their heads30. A. rest on B. reflect upon C. settle down D. concentrate on31. A. funny B. guilty C. warning D. positive32. A. dream of B. came across C. glanced through D. reached for33. A. checked B. wrote C. delivered D. deleted34. A. happiness B. anxiety C. starvation D. disappointment35. A. How when B. How about C. What if D. In case36. A. nothing B. anything C. everything D. something37. A. cigarettes B. coffee C. books D. milk38. A. instantly B. unexpectedly pletely D. surprisingly39. A. permanently B. unwillingly C. temporarily D. accidentally40. A. drowned B. removed C. exploded D. overcome三、阅读理解:“I was only thirteen when four of my team members and I were chosen by my swim coach to train with the Chinese National Team. The following piece shows how that experience has influenced me.”The night before I left for China, my mother called me into her room. I entered not knowing what to expect. I sat down at the end of her very neatly-made bed, opposite the bedroom table on which she kept a Ming-style vase illustrated in great detail. She told me that my great-grandmother was still living in the surroundings of Beijing. Her name was Ren Li Ling and she was 97 years old. This was the first time I had ever heard of her.The dragon on the vase snaked through the flowers and vines（藤蔓）as my mother said, “Pu Pu, look at me. You need to hear this so that when you go to China you will understand. You must keep this knowledge in your hear t.”She told me a story about my grandfather, Ren Li Ling's son, who left Beijing to go to college in Taiwan. She told me how the Chinese civil war kept him away from his mother for fifty years, so neither of them even knew that the other was alive. No one from Taiwan could visit, write, or call anyone in mainland. All lines of communication were cut off.She told me of my grandfather's devotion to his own children, and how difficult it was for him to send his daughter to America for her education, fearing that same separation. He gave my mother all that he could give — nineteen years of love and fifty years of savings. I learned how my mother, through means only available in this country, would finally be able to unite my great-grandmother with my grandfather again. The dragon curled around the vase, connecting the separate vines. For a fleeting second, I felt it was present in my mother's room. It was all very strange, yet very clear. I began to understand that this trip to China was not just for me; it was for my mother, and her father, and his mother. Now, I had not only a future, but more significantly, a past. I saw the world with new eyes.And so I went to China and met my great-grandmother. My great-aunt picked me up at the training center, and we rode in a taxi through the crowded city. The noise of the taxi and the city united into a deep roar. We finally stopped in front of a narrow street lined on either side with small one-level houses. As we made our way to a house like all the others, I drew the stares of many people in the street. My great-aunt led me through a rotting（朽烂的）doorway into a room with a furnace（炉子）, table, and a rocking chair where an old woman wearing gloves sat facing the doorway, covered with a worn brown blanket. I walked over and immediately embraced this frail woman as if I had known her all my life. My limited, broken Chinese wasn't up to expressing my complicated feelings. And even though I couldn't completely understand what she was saying in her thick Beijing accent, I knew — the same way I knew what my mother had been trying to tell me before I left. Her joy shone through her toothless smile. She wouldn't let go of my hand. I haltingly（结结巴巴地）asked her how she had managed to live such a long life. She answered inwords I will never forget, “Hope has kept me alive. I have lived this long because I wanted to see my son before I died.”My fellow team members must have wondered how two people separated by three generations could be so close. Before this trip, I would have wondered the same thing. And even now, I can't quite explain it. We were as different as two people can be; some 85 years and 8,000 miles apart. We came from two entirely different cultures; yet we were connected by a common heritage(传统).I stayed for dinner which was cooked in a black iron wok（锅）over the furnace. The meal was lavish（过分丰盛的）, prepared in my honor. As I began to eat, with my great-grandmother beside me, I felt the dragon was present. But this time, the feeling didn't pass; the dragon had become a part of me.My great-grandmother passed away last year at the age of 100. With her highest hopes and wildest dreams fulfilled, I know she died happy.41. The writer’s mother called him into her room to ___________________.A. prepare him for the trip and warn him against possible problemsB. remind him of his originC. ask him to look for his great-grandmotherD. share with him the story of her childhood42. The dragon is mentioned several times in the passage because __________________.A. the vase with the dragon on it is very valuable and beautifulB. it stands for the blood running in every ChineseC. it is a sign of the writer’s devotion to his birthplaceD. the writer’s mother hoped the writer would be as strong as a dragon43. How old was the writer’s mother when she was sent to America for her education.A. 13B. 16C. 19D. 2044. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?A. The writer’s grandfather was afraid of a war when sending his daughter to America.B. The hope to see her son again kept the writer’s great-grandmother alive for this long.C. It was within the writer’s expectation that he could be so close to his great-grandmother.D. The writer’s great-grandmother was reunited with her son before she died.45. Which is the best title for the text?A. We Share the Same Heritage.B. Love from My Great-grandmother.C. A Story from My Mother.D. An Unforgettable Training Trip.江苏省丹阳高级中学英语自主招生辅导材料（一）21-25 ABACA 26-30 BCDAB 31-35 CDABC 36-40 DABCD56-60 BBCDA。
江苏省丹阳高级中学牛津译林版英语Module5Unit3test3
江苏省丹阳高级中学牛津译林版英语Module5Unit3test3 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、单项选择1．Despite barriers and hardships，they ______ the research on cloning tissues.A．come up with B．catch up withC．push ahead with D．put up with2．In his victory speech，______ before a huge crowd of his supporters，Obama declared that “change has come to America”．A．having delivered B．to be deliveredC．delivering D．delivered3．Soon after the war，one family who lived in Pennsylvania ______ me and brought me up. A．had adopted B．adoptedC．would adopt D．has adopted4．The top students ______ at the assembly today were awarded a pen and a notebook each. A．to praise B．praisedC．being praised D．to be praised5．One should take ______ of his strengths to make up for his weaknesses. A．advantage B．benefitC．profit D．use6．Mike bought an old car cheaply，cleaned it up and sold it at a ______．A．benefit B．bargainC．profit D．prize7．_________，you'll have a greater chance of finding a suitable job if you have ever done some parttime jobs.A．In particular B．In generalC．In secret D．In sight8．An ant was drinking by a small river when it fell in.It made ______ efforts to reach the side，but made no progress at all.A．negative B．totalC．desperate D．careful9．Beijing ______ in hosting the 2008 Olympic Games，which made all the Chinese proud.A．succeeded B．managedC．resulted D．shared10．The Chinese government is developing the west of China，which will ______ the people there，especially those who are still leading a poor life.A．protect B．benefitC．contribute D．affect11．The thief tried to run away from the market，but he ______ getting caught by the brave people.A．got up B．went upC．turned up D．ended up12．To deal with the problem of water shortages，______ water-saving technology will be introduced to new industrial projects in Beijing and Shanghai.A．advancing B．advancedC．advance D．advances13．Mary, don’t ______ all the soap.Leave me some to wash with，please.A．put up B．give up C．make up D．use up14．He broke the law，and now he must face the ______ of his actions.A．judgement B．moralityC．advances D．consequences15．You should ______ advice from your English teacher on this matter，Tom.A．wait B．seekC．carry D．put二、完形填空We’ve all heard about the power of our attitude, and that it’s our attitude that determines how much we succeed in life.If you look around you, you will see that people with a positive attitude 16 life more and are generally happier and more successful than those who walk around grumpy and pessimistic. Our attitude is the driving force in our lives—it can either push you to do great things or pull you down to your demise（灭亡）.17 it’s true that humans are born with certain tendencies or orientations, our personalities and attitudes are developed through our relationships and experiences. Our attitudes begin to develop in childhood and constantly evolve and change over the years through day-to-day interactions and experiences.All the things that you have been 18 , or all the people you have met and interacted with can affect your attitude. Even if you think that all these factors have molded you into a person with a 19 attitude towards life, there is no need to worry as there is always a 20 for change. You can make it by doing some simple things. The first step towards change is to 21 what needs to be changed. You need to do a(n) 22 and in-depthself-evaluation so you can point out exactly which of your qualities need to be 23 or totally changed. Besides, we all need to know that what we are trying to accomplish can 24 be achieved, and that we can be more optimistic, more social and more patient. 25 someone who has the kind of attitude that you want to have, and let his or her life give you inspiration and 26 to move beyond your temporary failures on your2 27 towards becoming a successful person. In addition, choose the 28 company. Surround yourself with people who’re optimistic and have a positive 29 about life. You’ll see that your effort to change will be 30 with this kind of people as friends. 31 , believe that you’re able to change. Often, the greatest obstacle between us and our 32 is ourselves or our inability to 33What we’re able to do. If you don’t believe in yourself or believe that you or your life change, it just won’t 34 .It cannot be denied that a positive attitude is very important in living a successful and satisfying life, 35 it’s only right to try to have a positive attitude.16．A．spend B．enjoy C．share D．choose 17．A．When B．Even C．While D．Since 18．A．through B．for C．in D．among 19．A．curious B．casual C．poor D．cautious 20．A．chance B．reason C．decisions D．detail 21．A．select B．appreciate C．balance D．understand 22．A．honest B．fancy C．extra D．fun 23．A．praised B．determined C．improved D．developed 24．A．quickly B．actually C．regularly D．personally 25．A．Observe B．Hire C．Find D．Interview 26．A．experiment B．explanation C．suggestion D．encouragement 27．A．journey B．performance C．stage D．level 28．A．general B．right C．perfect D．same29．A．opinion B．plan C．hobby D．manner 30．A．plainer B．greater C．braver D．easier 31．A．However B．Usually C．Finally D．Therefore 32．A．languages B．goals C．habits D．roles 33．A．trust in B．take in C．result in D．compete in 34．A．last B．work C．happen D．count 35．A．as B．if C．but D．so三、阅读选择Exercise may help to safeguard the mind against depression through previously unknown effects on working muscles, according to a new study involving mice.Mental health experts have long been aware that even mild, repeated stress can contribute to the development of depression and other mood disorders in animals and people. Scientists have also known that exercise seems to cushion against depression. But precisely how exercise, a physical activity can lessen someone’s risk for depression, a mood state, has been mysterious. So for the new study, researchers at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm studied the brains and behavior of mice in a complicated and novel fashion.We can’t ask mice if they are feeling cheerful or in low spirits. Instead, researchers have pictured certain behaviors that indicate depression in mice. If animals lose weight, stop seeking out a sugar solution when it’s available — because, probably, they no longer experience normal pleasures — or give up trying to escape from the cold-water zone just freeze in place, they are categorized as depressed. And in the new experiment, after five weeks of frequent but low-level stress, such as being lightly shocked, mice displayed exactly those behaviors. They became depressed.The scientists could then have tested whether exercise blunts (延缓) the risk of developing depression after stress by having mice run first. But, frankly, from earlier research, they wanted to know how, so they bred pre-exercised mice. A wealth of earlier research by these scientists and others had shown that aerobic exercise, in both mice and people, increases the production within muscles of an enzyme (酶) called PGC-1alpha. The Karolinska scientists suspected that this enzyme somehow creates conditions within the body that protect the brain against depression. Then, the scientists exposed the animals, which without exercising, were in high levels of PGC-1alpha to five weeks of mild stress. The mice responded with slight symptoms ofworry. But they did not develop depression. They continued to seek out sugar and fought to get out of the cold-water zone. Their high levels of PGC-1alpha appeared to make them depression-resistant. Finally, to ensure that these findings are relevant to people, the researchers had a group of adult volunteers complete three weeks of frequent endurance training, consisting of 40 to 50 minutes of moderate cycling or jogging. The scientists conducted muscle biopsies (活体检查) before and after the program and found that by the end of the three weeks, the volunteers’ muscle cells contained substantially more PGC-1alpha than at the stu dy’s start. The finding of these results, in the simplest terms, is that “you reduce the risk of getting depression when you exercise,” said Maria Lindskog, a researcher at the Karolinska Institute.36．The researchers at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm conducted the new study hoping to know______.A．if exercise cushions against depressionB．what can lead to depression in animals and peopleC．if stress can contribute to the development of depressionD．how exercise contributes to reducing someone’s risk for depression37．We can infer from the new experiment conducted by researchers at the Karolinska Institute that mice are depressed except when ______.A．they stand still in placeB．they stop searching for the sugar waterC．they attempt to escape from the cold-water zoneD．they can’t experience normal pleasures any longer38．Researchers asked a group of adult volunteers to complete three weeks of frequent endurance training in order to ______.A．know if exercise can help to safeguard the mind against depressionB．know if they can endure 40 to 50 minutes of moderate cycling or joggingC．confirm the findings above are also relevant to peopleD．ensure they can lose weight after moderate cycling or jogging39．It can be concluded from the passage that______.A．the enzyme called PGC-1alpha helps to ease depressionB．athletes are more likely to develop depression than ordinary peopleC．the mice with high levels of PGC-1alpha are easier to develop depressionD．in the past mental health specialists didn’t know exerc ise could help reduce depression四、任务型阅读Less is more. This is why we say: reduce things by half instead of doubling them, relax instead of stressing, and slow down instead of speeding up. Apply these principles(原则) in your everyday life. You will then find yourself well along on your journey to simplification.Separate Your ActionsWhen you concentrate on one task, you find you have energy that you didn’t even know you had. Just imagine: you have to carry two heavy pigs over 100 yards. If you carry two, it will take forever. But if you tie one pig in a place, pick up the other, gather all your strength and make a dash for the finish line, pause for a moment, run back and get the other one, and carry the second pig to the finish line, then you can be sure of success.Say “No” FirmlyIf you have the feeling that 24 hours per day are not enough for all the things you need to do, then it’s not because the day has too few hours, but because you have too many activities. The solution is equally simple: say no to accept so much work in your private life or your working life.Allow Yourself to Be Weak“I can deal with stress” is regarded as a positive statement in the world of work. People who can deal with stress are given more and more to --- until one day they break.Pay careful attention to the signs that tell you that you are under more stress than you can deal with. If you become ill, or your work efficiency decreases, change your life goals. Say quite openly, “I can’t manage that.”Stop Expecting Everything to Be Perfect“If only I were slimmer, more beautiful, richer, more clever, then I would be happier.” This is a dream that makes a lot of people ill, and unhappy. Life is imperfect. Only those who accept this reality can lead a really full life.Of course there are activities in which errors are dangerous: driving a car; crossing the road. But life doesn’t entirely have these things. In among them there is possibility that you may make small and large mistakes.Escape Now and ThenSuccessful people all have their own places where they can be left alone in order to work.Find out which places improve your creativity. For me it’s the train. When I know that I’m going to be traveling for four hours without phone calls or people knocking on my door, I find my mind is free and I can read or write articles.五、单词拼写50．There are many m_________ stories aabout the Egyptian pyramids.51．You’d better polish up the o_______ version before sending it to the publishing house. 52．The writer, k________ to us students, will finish his third book next month, which many fans are looking forward to.53．You see, there are many s________ between our school life and theirs.54．After having finished the draft, I’m totally b______ out.55．The factory is in charge of removing waste p_______.56．The job of a scientist, which is a c___________ profession, is to find out the truth in the field of science.57．After the earthquake, she lay t _______under the building for three days.58．The doctor c________ his terminal lung cancer. 59．The m_________ of the work has been finished.参考答案1．C【解析】考查动词词组。
2019-2020学年江苏丹阳高级中学高三英语月考试卷及参考答案
2019-2020学年江苏丹阳高级中学高三英语月考试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ABest language learning appsDuolingoThe app doesn't restrict how many languages you can try to learn at the same time. I use Duolingo to practice Spanish and German. In the app, you can access resources such as Duolingo Stories, which can allow you to check your comprehension skills as you go. I also subscribe to Premium for $10 per month which includes an ad-free experience and downloadable lessons.MemriseOne of my favorite parts of Memrise is its short videos about how real locals express different phrases in conversation. A few lessons are available for free daily, but the full program is accessible if you subscribe to Memrise Pro. There are three plans—one month for $9, a year for $30 or three months for $19.BusuuWhen you sign up for Busuu, you select the language you want to learn, and the app helps you determine how advanced you are with it and why you want to learn it, and to what level. From there, you set a daily study goal. Premium costs about $6 per month for a year.LiricaIf you listen to any song enough, you'll learn all the words through repetition, even if they're in a different language. But how do you figure out what they mean? This is where Lirica comes in. This app is unique in how it approaches teaching Spanish. Instead of traditional teaching methods for learning a language, Lirica uses popular music by Latin artists to help you learn the Spanish language and grammar. Lirica has a one-week free trial and then it's about $4 per month.1. Which app is best for learning multiple languages at a time?A. Lirica.B. Busuu.C. Memrise.D. Duolingo.2. How much should you pay for a quarterly subscription to Memrise Pro?A. $9.B. $19.C. $28.D. $30.3. What is special about Lirica?A. It offers a one-month free trial.B. It helps users set a daily study goal.C. It hires Latin artists to teach Spanish.D. It enables users to learn Spanish through music.BAccording to a survey, the wasteof food on the dining table occupies 10% of the total grain output.Last week, Meituan, a giant online food ordering platform, co-published a proposal with a number of business organizations, calling on restaurants to stop food waste and help develop new eating habits for customers. Following the proposal, merchants are asked to offer guidance for consumers, including reminding them during the ordering process about the taste of the ingredients, portion sizes and other information about the dishes, to helpthem avoid excessive ordering and food waste.Catering（餐饮)associations in more than 18 provinces have also joined the campaign to remove food waste. The Wuhan Catering Association proposed an “NT" ordering code for restaurants in which a group of 10 diners would only order enough for nine people. More food is only brought to the table if required. On Friday, the China Cuisine Association announced that it had teamed up with Ele. me, the Alibaba Group Holding-owned food delivery platform, to launch a "half-dish plan," encouraging restaurants to provide customers with the option to order smaller portions.Tang Zhisong, a professor at Southwest University Education School, said "Evaluating how much you can eat, how much you should buy and how to deal with the leftover is a way for young people to improve their self-management. It's also a means to teach them sharing food, caring about others, and more importantly, developing a mindset of suitability. "4. What's the purpose of the proposal mentioned in the passage?A. To change customers' attitude toward life.B. To promote a new policy on food delivery.C. To spread the idea of healthy eating.D. To encourage restaurants to reduce food waste.5. What does the underlined word “excessive" in Paragraph 2 prolably mean?A. More than enough.B. Less than required.C. Better than ever.D. Worse than before.6. Paragraph 3 is mainly developed by.A. offering analysesB. presenting a surveyC. giving examplesD. making comparisons7. What do Tang's words suggest?A. Sharing food is caring about others.B. Young people should have self-discipline.C. Reducing food waste has all-round benefits.D Saving food contributes to a sustainable society.CA male tiger was rescued in Mishan city, Northeast China's Heilongjiang province, on Friday. A tiger was recently seen on the Siner Russian border（边界），but there is no evidence to suggest this is the same tiger or that it had lost its way from Russia.Wherever it may have come from, cross-border protection of endangered species is a problem. According to Ma Jianzhang, a senior wild animal researcher in China, tigers know no borders, which have been built to stop humans from illegally crossing over. However, these borders also stop the free movement of tigers, thus preventing their breeding（繁殖）and exchange of genes.The Sino-Russian border alsocomes in the way ofprotecting tigers in the region. Data show about 500 to 550 Siberian tigers, or over 90 percent of the species, live in the wild in Russia; 27 live in the wild in China, and 50 inthe border region. Sometimes tigers lose their way across the border and that is hindering（妨碍）efforts to stop illegal hunting and protecting them.Fortunately, both China and Russia have realized this problem and are working toward solving it. As early as 2010, the two countries established a cross-border protection network aimed at strengthening communication on protecting tigers in the northeast. The countries have also held anti-poaching（反偷猎）activities together. In 2019, two national parks from the two countries signed a three-year deal to share research data on tigers, greatly improving the living conditions of Siberian tigers in the wild.However, much more needs to be done to protect the species. It is necessary to combine the tiger protection areas in the two countries. That will require greater efforts from both sides and some difficulties might remain even then. Fortunately, both countries have been taking effective measures to provide the endangered species a better home.8. What's the original purpose of setting up the Sino-Russian borders?A. To ban people from illegal crossings.B. To help protect tigers in the region.C. To protect tigers from losing their way.D. To stop tigers' breeding and exchange of genes.9. What does the underlined phrase “comes in the way of” probably mean?A. keeps from.B. is on the way toC. is aimed atD. keeps up10. What is the focus of Paragraph 4 ?A. Recent studies and researches on tigers.B. Joint efforts by China and Russia to protect tigers.C. The possible effects of establishing a networkD. Reasons for improving the living conditions of tigers.11. What's the author's purpose in writing the text?A. To inform the possible dangers of tiger protection.B. To cover the news about a missing tiger on the border.C. To put forward suggestions on finding the missing tiger.D. To report the problems and measures of cross-border tiger protection.DWhy do you check social media? Is it to keep up with everything that your friends and family are doing? Is it to find new trendy spots to eat?Regardless of the reason, you may find yourself with different degrees of envy or discomfort after a quick look at your phone. Then you might be suffering from a phenomenon known as “Fear of Missing Out (FOMO). ”While the phenomenon of FOMO can be traced back for centuries, it had never been the issue as it is today, causing widespread discussion and research. This rise in checking social media is naturally connected to the increasing leading position that social media holds over our lives. Every time someone opens their WeChat Moments, Facebook, Twitter... etc. , they are bombarded with the highlight reels of other peoples' lives. A sunny beach, delicious-looking food, a super cute kitten-they are all uplifting photos, yet they're very likely to bring about more unhappiness than joy. You see, the first thought to come out of your mind may be “Wow, that's so cool/delicious/cute”, but then it takes a hard U-turn. You're thinking: “I wish I were there” or “my life is so boring compared to his/hers.” The more you see, the more likely you are to have these negative feelings.What's worse is the habit many people have of turning to social media in search of happiness when they are feeling down, not realizing that they are just going to end up in a negative cycle of endless disappointment.Montesquieu once said: “If one only wished to be happy, this could be easily accomplished; but we wish to be happier than other people, and this is always difficult, for we believe others to be happier than they are.”FOMO will go hand in hand with dissatisfaction and envy. Appreciate what you already have, because someone else out there in the world would gladly give everything to be you.12. What is the purpose of the questions in paragraph 1?A. To introduce the topic of the passage.B. To explain the function of FOMO.C. To describe the features of FOMO.D. To give the reasons for checking social media.13. How might people feel seeing other's perfect life through social media?A. Joyful.B. Admiring.C. Comfortable.D. Envious.14. What can we conclude from Montesquieu's words in paragraph 3?A. We could turn to social media for happiness.B. We couldn't realise our dream without hard work.C. We couldn't harvest happiness through comparison.D. We could live better than others by showing ourselves online.15. What is the author's attitude towards FOMO?A. Indifferent.B. Objective.C. Doubtful.D. Hopeful.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
江苏省丹阳高级中学2023-2024学年高三下学期2月月考英语试题
江苏省丹阳高级中学2023-2024学年高三下学期2月月考英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解The Self-Portrait ChallengeHave you ever done a self-portrait in an art lesson at school? Today, we’re challenging you to write self-portrait poems. It’s not uncommon to feel like the way people see you on the outside doesn’t quite match up with how you feel on the inside. So creating a self-portrait can be a good opportunity to address those differences and present the realest, truest version of yourself.Your challenge is to create a self-portrait in lines, using words instead of paint. Read on for some more inspiration.Writing Tips● Have a go at writing a list of metaphors exploring your physical appearance, starting from your head and working your way down towards your feet.● Instead of representing yourself directly, take on another character, such as a fictional character, a historical figure, or even a different version of yourself.● Play around with personification, by taking on the voice of a physical object in your poem. Think about what a self-portrait from the point of view of a mirror, or a bowl of your favourite food would look like?How to enterThis challenge is for writers aged up to 25 based anywhere in the world. The deadline is 23:59 GMT, 17 March 2024. You can send a poem, or poems, written down, or as video or audio files. We are using Submittable to accept submissions to this challenge. You will need to make a free Submittable account to submit in this way. Using Submittable helps our team to administrate and process entries more quickly. Selected poets will be published on Young Poets Network.1．What does the Self-portrait Challenge encourage participants to do?A．Explore true selves.B．Convey positive emotions.C．Illustrate personal profiles.D．Compare different personalities. 2．What is suggested to better handle the challenge?A．Using simple language.B．Presenting yourself directly.C．Taking a different point of view.D．Focusing on physical appearance. 3．What is “Submittable” likely to be?A．A writing tool.B．A search engine.C．An email account.D．An online platform.In this age of Internet chat, videogames and reality television, there is no shortage of mindless activities to keep a child occupied. Yet, despite the competition, my 8-year-old daughter Rebecca wants to spend her leisure time writing short stories. She wants to enter one of her stories into a writing contest; a competition she won last year.As a writer I know about winning contests, and about losing them. I know what it is like to work hard on a story only to receive a rejection slip from the publisher. I also know the pressures of trying to live up to a reputation created by previous victories. What if she doesn’t win the con test again? That’s the strange thing about being a parent. So many of our own past scars and dashed hopes can surface.An enlightenment came last week when I asked her, “Don’t you want to win again?” “No,” she replied, “I just want to tell the story of an angel going to first grade.”I had just spent weeks correcting her stories as she spontaneously told them. Telling myself that I was merely an experienced writer guiding the young writer across the hall, I offered suggestions for characters, conflicts and endings for her tales. The story about a fearful angel starting first grade was quickly “guided” by me into the tale of a little girl with a wild imagination taking her first music lesson. I had turned her contest into mine without even realizing it.Staying back and giving kids space to grow is not as easy as it looks. Because I know very little about farm animals who use tools or angels who go to first grade, I had to accept the fact that I was co-opting (借用) my daughter’s experience.While stepping back was difficult for me, it was certainly a good first step that I will quickly follow with more steps, putting myself far enough away to give her room but close enough to help if asked. All the while I will be reminding myself that children need room to experiment, grow and find their own voices.4．What do we learn from the first paragraph?A．Children do find lots of fun in many mindless activities.B．Rebecca draws on a lot of online materials for her writing.C．Rebecca is much too occupied to enjoy her leisure time.D．A lot of distractions compete for children’s time nowadays.5．What does the author say about her own writing experience?A．She does not quite live up to her reputation as a writer.B．Her way to success is full of pains and frustrations.C．She is constantly under pressure of writing more.D．Most of her stories are rejected by publishers.6．Why does Rebecca want to enter this year’s writing contest?A．She wants to share her story with readers.B．She believes she possesses real talent for writing.C．She is sure of winning with her mother’s help.D．She has won a prize in the previous contest.7．What’s the author’s advice for parents?A．A writing career is not for every child to pursue.B．Children should be allowed room to grow through experiences.C．Parents should keep an eye on the activities their kids engage in.D．Children should be given every chance to voice their options.Andrea Lankford quit her job after spending 12 years as a National Park Service forester specializing in search and rescue missions in scenic and remote American landscapes. However, decades later, three young hikers went missing on the Pacific Crest Trail (PCT). She found herself unable to turn away from the three separate cases despite challenges in the inquiry into them.Trail of the Lost was her answer.It’s an absorbing nonfiction narrative (叙事) about the three hikers, including their lives and those of the people looking for them. It also explores the history of the PCT and the rich subculture, practices and even literature that surround it and those who undertake the 2,650-mile journey.The book is a rich multilayered narrative that works on three different levels. The first is the story of each of the three hikers. Lankford offers a biography (传记) of each of the missing men and shows them through the eyes of those who knew them well and those whojoined the search.Right underneath the narratives about the three hikers are the stories of everyone looking for them. Lankford played a role in each search but she allowed friends, family and even strangers to occupy center stage throughout most of the narrative. The story looks at the role of missing person Facebook groups in the searches and how crucial word of mouth can be. Many warm-hearted individuals came forth and became instrumental in the searches or provided valuable information. But Lankford also writes of the many who lied for no apparent reason and confused the investigations.The narrative also shines a light on diverse aspects of the PCT. Lankford, who has hiked the entire Appalachian Trail and was the first person to mountain bike the 800-mile Arizona Trail, knows just how the PCT is physically and mentally demanding. Besides, the book explores threats from mountain lions to people with bad intentions who don’t observe the PCT’s unspoken moral rules, serving as a revelation of the well-known, hidden or ignored dangers of the PCT.Written with a clear, fast-paced, straightforward style, Trail of the Lost is as full of hope and humanity as it is packed with pain, sorrow, danger and tension. Read it and you’ll find more than you seek.8．What led Lankford to write Trail of the Lost?A．Her love for her prior career.B．Her strong attachment to the PCT.C．The stress from the missing families.D．Her investigation into hikers’ disappearance.9．What is presented on the second level of the book?A．Efforts by different people in searches.B．A string of wilderness survival tips.C．Approaches to information classification.D．Respective stories of the three hikers.10．What’s the purpose of mentioning Lankford’s previous adventures?A．To promote her book.B．To make her a celebrity.C．To motivate hikers to challenge themselves.D．To stress the difficulty of hiking the PCT.11．What can we say about the book?A．It targets single youth.B．It’s a romantic novel.C．It’s based on actual events.D．It’s a detailed account of a journey.The idea that we need to eat meat to get enough protein and iron is a common misconception. It ignores the abundance of protein and iron in many plant-based foods.Likewise, while we typically associate omega-3 fatty acids with fish, fish themselves absorb these into their tissue by eating seaweed, which we can consume directly without the concerns of exposure to microplastics in fish flesh.Indeed, a whole-food, plant-based diet can provide all essential nutrients except for vitamin B12. While modern sanitation (卫生) allows humans to consume clean produce unpolluted by dirt, we can easily and cheaply obtain oral B12 supplements (补充).Obviously, significantly reducing our consumption of meat would carry vast benefits. Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death around the world. Eating highly processed foods and red meat has been repeatedly demonstrated to promote underlying mechanisms of cancer and cardiovascular disease, such as inflammation(炎症)and damage to the lining of blood vessels (血管).Mounting evidence points to the benefits of a whole-food, plant-based diet. Studies from 2017found that a vegetarian diet is associated with a 25 percent relative risk reduction for coronary heart disease and an 8 percent relative risk reduction for cancer, with a vegan diet related to a 15 percent relative risk reduction for cancer.Besides harming ourselves, eating meat harms others. Factory farming practices often entail unspeakable cruelty to animals, and working conditions for workers are also unsafe. Overcrowding of livestock and workers promotes the spread of disease among both people and animals, putting us all at risk for future pandemics. The overuse of antibiotics (抗生素) to accelerate animal growth and precautiously treat the infections anticipated as a result of living in unclean and overcrowded conditions can promote antibiotic resistance.While national and international action is undoubtedly needed to fight immoral factory farming practices, educators and policy makers should consider the importance of acting as role models for healthy behaviors themselves as well as advocating for policies that ensurebetter nutritional access and education for others. All of these should not be excuses for individuals to resist changes in their own lives and communities. Societies change only when enough individuals within them alter their behavior.12．The author writes the first two paragraphs mainly to ______.A．introduce a false belief in nutrition sourceB．compare the differences between two dietsC．highlight the importance of nutrition intakeD．show the concerns of healthy diet advocates13．Which of the following logic chains is reasonable according to the passage?A．B．C．D．14．What does the underlined word “entail” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?A．escape.B．involve.C．balance.D．overcome. 15．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A．A Meatless Diet Is Better for YouB．Food Problems Call for Joint EffortsC．Say No to Processed Meat ConsumptionD．Eatable Greens or Not? That Is a Questionmeans of helping us fit into the social hierarchy (等级) of the cultures we inhabited. Regardless of the reasons, social comparison plays a significant role in how we view and evaluate ourselves, and how we interact with our world.It used to be that our primary reference of comparison was our local communities, primarily neighbors and co-workers. Because we tend to gather around those similar to ourselves in terms of educational level, work income, and shared interests, the range ofdifferences when we compared ourselves to others was fairly small. Unfortunately, with the emergence of the Internet, we can now compare ourselves to literally anyone in the world.17 What had in previous generations been a small gap in our comparisons has now become so large and unattainable.18 When so many people that are easily discoverable on the Internet seem to be so successful. famous, influential and beautiful, given our preference to compare, it is difficult not to have it influence how we view ourselves. Sadly, these comparisons usually result in our feeling inadequate and “less than”.These harmful comparisons also damage our emotional lives. When we feel lacking, we experience a variety of unpleasant and unhealthy emotions. We feel jealousy and envy for what others have and what we lack. 19It’s one thing to realize that you compare yourself to others. It’s another thing to recognize that social comparison is often corrosive (逐步侵蚀的) to you in so many ways psychologically and emotionally. It’s an entirely other thing to stop yourself from comparing yourself to others. 20A．We are constantly measuring ourselves against other people.B．Yet it is possible, and it is worth the effort for your mental health.C．Thus, we are now exposed to groups that are quite different from us.D．We believe that there is something wrong with us compared to others.E．We can even feel bitterness and anger at others for the unfairness of it all.F．Comparing ourselves to others has the potential to increase our life experience.G．This new level of comparison has huge implications for our psychological lives.二、完形填空“A new student is waiting in your room.” My principal announced. “Name’s Mary. I’ll talk to you about her.” I nodded, some materials in my hands. “Fine,” I said. “We’re makingThe bell rang, little time to worry about Mary. After 25 Mary into her desk, I distributed materials and then hurried to the office. There I learned weeks ago, someone had broken into her home, killing her mother in Mary’s 26 . She survived but had been27 since. “Give her 28 ,” the principal suggested.I returned and grabbed a chance to explain this to my students. “It may be a long time29 she joins us, but you can do your bit.” How loving they could be once they understood. On Valentine’s Day, Mary’s envelopes overflowed. Although studying each card without 30 , she replaced it in her container.Later on a March day, my children noticed the flowers 31 and advised making flower baskets! It was something to lift our 32 . Remembering the valentine incident, I expected nothing from Mary; 33 , I encouraged her to try. Soon, a boy exclaimed: “Look at Mary’s basket. So pretty!” I was dumbfounded at its beauty, asking how she managed it. She looked at me with the shining eyes of any 34 girl and replied “Mother loved flowers.”“God, you’ve given us a 35 .” I put my arms around Mary. I’ve kept the followers in my desk just to remind me of the lasting power of love.21．A．involved B．promoted C．adopted D．proposed 22．A．spread B．folded C．swung D．extended 23．A．movement B．response C．complaint D．cooperation 24．A．strange B．full C．sharp D．empty 25．A．sliding B．securing C．settling D．seeking 26．A．presence B．absence C．existence D．violence 27．A．crazy B．withdrawn C．aggressive D．risky 28．A．kindness B．mercy C．love D．comfort 29．A．after B．when C．until D．before 30．A．comments B．reactions C．approaches D．impressions 31．A．came up B．took up C．came out D．took out 32．A．grades B．spirits C．insights D．relations 33．A．otherwise B．furthermore C．therefore D．nevertheless 34．A．normal B．pretty C．depressed D．lovely 35．A．gift B．talent C．miracle D．basket三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词括号内单词的正确形式。
2020-2021学年江苏丹阳高级中学高三英语第一次联考试卷及答案解析
2020-2021学年江苏丹阳高级中学高三英语第一次联考试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AWashington D.C. SightseeingWith the information below, you’re not missing anything in D.C.! Click Here to find the perfect hotel for your stay as well.The Old Town Trolley TourIt offers something for the whole family. Not only will it give them something fun to do, but it will give them a history lesson. This tour will last about three hours and it’s proper for people of all ages.African American History TourBe sure to take this tour because African Americans have had an important role in the making of our country. Take this historical four-hour tour, where you will visit some important sites including Museum of African American History and Culture.Comedy Walks Washington D.C.This is a great experience allowing you to enjoy the capital in a new way. The walking tour lasts for about one hour and thirty minutes, which takes place in less than a mile journey from the starting place.D.C. Twilight TourCheck out the D.C. Twilight Tour for a unique view of some of the most famous sites! What makes this two-hour guided tour truly unique is that you can view many wonderful sites at night time!1.Which tour is recommended to a tourist who is fond of hiking?A.The Old Town Trolley TourB.African American History Touredy Walks WashingtonD.C. D.D.C. Twilight Tour2.Which tour lasts longest?A.The Old Town Trolley TourB.African American History Touredy Walks WashingtonD.C. D.D.C. Twilight Tour3.Where will you read this text most likely?A.In a guidebook.B.In a magazine.C.In a newspaper.D.On the Internet.BIvy League schools are considered to be the most prestigious of all colleges in the United States. These schools are primarily located in the Northeastern part of the country. There are eight total colleges that are considered to be Ivy League. These schools are Brown, Harvard, Cornell, Princeton, Dartmouth, Yale, and Columbia universities and the University of Pennsylvania. Of all institutions of higher learning, these elite schools are considered to be the most outstanding and the most sought-after in terms of acceptance and graduation.The term “Ivy League” came about in 1954 when the NCAA athletic conference for Division I was formed. At the time, the elitism of these schools was really due to their prestige in the realm of sports like basketball. Although the term “Ivy League” was not created until the 1950s, many of these schools were in existence as far back as 1636, when John Harvard became the first benefactor of Harvard University.Although this group of elite schools is considered to be part of one big league of the elite, there have been plenty of internal rivalries over the years. The sports that these colleges play were so popular that some teams began playing games in New York City so spectators could come from far away and watch the games. The popularity of both the athletes who played and the college team rivalries brought in a good deal of attention to the schools as well as revenue from ticket sales. There have also been academic rivalries between schools. Mostly, these rivalries are a matter of opinion in terms of which school has the most honor graduates, which schools offer the most prestigious scholarships, and what famous graduates have come from each school.Each Ivy League college has its own unique accomplishments that make it important. All carry a certain reputation with them, and each school has programs that excel primarily in the medical and law fields, making them some of the most sought-after schools in the world. Their admission process is very selective, which helps the schools ensure that they only accept the best and brightest. Many famous people have graduated from Ivy League schools, including recent presidents George W. Bush, Bill Clinton, and Barack Obama. This prestige leads many to believe that these colleges are only for the wealthy and elite. Often, companies look for Ivy League graduates as potential employees, usually preferred by law firms, medical facilities, and large corporations. It has long beencovetedto have earned a degree from an Ivy League school. Today, the Ivy League schools are still excellent in both academia and in sports, and they have left a legacy of higher education with an exceptional track record and reputation to go along with them.4. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. Ivy League schools were initially famous for their reputation in sports.B. Ivy League schools didn’t come into existence until the 1950s.C. Ivy League schools do not compete with each other within the league.D. Ivy League schools are most popular for their excellence in the medical and law fields.5. Which of the following aspects is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. The history of the Ivy LeagueB. The rivalry of the Ivy LeagueC. The accomplishments and cultural impacts of the Ivy LeagueD. The future development of the Ivy League6. Why do many people believe that Ivy League colleges are only for the wealthy and elite?A. Because they are the most sought-after schools in the world.B. Because they have selective admission process to help ensure the quality of their students.C. Because many famous people have graduated from Ivy League schools.D. Because manycompanies look for Ivy League graduates as potential employees.7. What does the underlined word “coveted” in the last paragraph probably mean?A. advocatedB.DesiredC. restrictedD. sponsoredCThe year 2020 will mark the beginning of the decade of the yold, or the “young old”, as the Japanese call people aged between 65 and 75. The traditional retirement age is 65. One might therefore expect peak retirement. By continuing to work, and staying socially engaged, the yold will change the world, as they have done several times before at different stages of their lives.The yold are more numerous, healthier and wealthier than previous generations of seniors. The yold are busier, too. In short, the yold are not just any group of old people. They are challenging the traditional expectations of the retired as people who wear slippers and look after the grandchildren. That will influence consumer, service and financial markets.The over-60s are one of the fastest-growing groups of customers of the airline business. The yold are vital to the tourism industry because they spend much more, when taking a foreign holiday, than younger adults.But for all this to happen,three big things will have to change, under pressure from the yold themselves. The most important is public attitudes towards older people, and in particular the expectation that the old ought to be putting their feet up and quietly retiring into the background. Then, government policies will have to change, too.The retirement age in many rich countries is still below the age to which many people want to work. The effective retirement age (the age at which people actually leave the workforce) is usually even lower. Third, higher numbers of healthy yold people will require drastic changes in health spending. Most diseases of ageing are bestmetwith prevention and lifestyle changes. But only about 2%~3% of most countries’ health-care spending goes on prevention. That will have to rise, because although the yold will constitute a bulge of comparative health and activity over the next decade, by 2030 they will hit 75 and enter a long period of decline for which few rich countries are ready.8. What kind of people are the yold exactly?A. They are workaholics.B. They are full of energy.C. They enjoy being focused on.D. They like staying socially engaged.9. Why do the yold contribute to tourist industry?A. They like traveling more.B. They have more money.C. They consume more on travel.D. They have much free time.10. What’s the author’s attitude toward health-care spending on prevention?A. Unsatisfied.B. Subjective.C. Neutral.D. Active.11. What does the underlined word “met” in the fourth paragraph mean?A. dealt withB. come acrossC. satisfiedD. experienced.DPlease take a few seconds and think of your personal biggest goal. Imagine telling someone you meet today what you’re going to do. Imagine their congratulations and their high image of you. Doesn’t it feel good to say it out loud? Don’t you feel one step closer already? Well, bad news: you should have kept your mouth shut, because that good feeling will make you less likely to do it.Any time you have a goal, there is some work that needs to be done to achieve it. Ideally, you would not be satisfied until you’d actually done the work. But when you tell someone your goal and he acknowledges(认可) it, psychologists have found it’s called a “social reality”. The mind is kind of tricked into feeling that it’s already done. And then, because you’ve felt that satisfaction, you’re less motivated to do the actual hard work necessary. This goes againstthe traditional wisdom that we should tell our friends our goals, right?In 1982, Peter Gollwitzer, a Professor of Psychology, wrote a whole book about this. And in 2009, he did some new tests that were published. It goes like this: 163 people across four separate tests—everyone wrote down their personal goal. Then half of them announced their commitment(许诺) to this goal to the room, and half didn’t.Then everyone was given 45 minutes of work that would directly lead them towards their goal, but they were told that they could stop at any time. Now those who kept their mouths shut worked the entire 45 minutes on average, and when asked afterwards, said they felt they had a long way to go to achieve their goal. But those who had announced it quit after only 33 minutes on average, and when asked afterwards, said that they felt much closer to achieving their goal.12. What do the words “social reality” in Paragraph 2 mean?A. Completion of the goal.B. Necessary hard work.C. People's acknowledgement.D. A sense of satisfaction.13. What does Peter Gollwitzer try to tell us?A. Writing down the goal is very helpful.B. Achieving personal goal needs more time.C. Keeping the goal secret makes people work harder.D. Making the goal public makes people less satisfied.14. How did Peter Gollwitzer prove his idea about people’s goal?A. By giving figures.B. By giving examples.C. By making a survey.D. By making comparison tests.15. What will probably happen if you tell your friends your goal?A. You will be more confident.B. You will not gain satisfaction.C. You are less likely to realize it.D. You’ll be much moremotivated.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2022年江苏省丹阳高级中学高二上学期期末考试英语试卷
2021-2022学年江苏省丹阳高级中学高二上学期期末考试英语试卷第Ⅰ卷第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
AMost foodies (吃货) agree that eating healthy food is important. But sometimes making good food choices can be tough. Now there are apps that can help people learn about the food they eat to improve their diets and their dining out experiences.Cheese & Wine Pairing appWine and cheese can be a great combination. But which wines go best with which cheeses? Max McCalman's Cheese Wine Pairing can help. It provides information about hundreds of different cheeses and advises wines to pair with each. Max McCalman's Cheese & Wine Pairing is free for iPhones and iPads.Calorific appWhat does 200 calories look like? It can be hard to picture. Calorific provides images of 200 calories worth of food. The pictures can help people on a diet and those who just want to eat healthier food. The app is free for iPads and iPhones. There is also a version that provides more information for a price.HappyCow appVegetarians do not eat animal meat. Vegans do not eat any animal products. HappyCow is made for both groups. Users can search for vegetarian-vegan restaurants and stores around the world. A free version of HappyCow is available for Android that has ads and requires an Internet connection.LocalEats appRestaurant chains, like McDonald's, can be found almost anywhere a person might travel. But sometimes travelers want to eat like locals. LocalEats is designed for that. It lists locally owned restaurants so users can try foods from that area. The app costs about a dollar.1. If people want to go on a diet, they need ________A. Cheese &Wine PairingB. LocalEatsC. CalorificD. HappyCow2. How is LocalEats different from the other apps?A. It is made for groups.B. It is not free for iPhones or Android.C. It is designed for travelers.D. It is not available for vegetarians.3. What is the main purpose of this article?A. To help people choose free restaurants.B. To advertise the best apps for iPhones.C. To introduce some healthy eating habits.D. To inform foodies of some useful apps.【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。
江苏省丹阳高级中学自主招生英语辅导材料6含答案
江苏省丹阳高级中学英语自主招生辅导材料(六）一、词汇拓展1.Luke’s destructive behavior caused his parents great distress.2.My father was no longer prospering in business。
3.Domestic flights go from Terminal 1.4.I always tried to remain neutral when they started arguing.5.Owing to lack of confidence in economy，a crisis seems inevitable。
6.Environmentalists and loggers are on a collision course，with no compromise in sight.7.Our government has taken measures to reduce the likelihood of disease.8.We encountered a serious setback when two members of the expedition were injured.9.Wanda’s whole life has been oriented around the children。
10.There weren't enough beds, but the matter was resolved by George sleeping on the sofa。
After the divorce she resolved never to marry again。
11.The US has sought to isolate Cuba both economically and politically. Young mothers often feel isolated and cut off from the rest of the world。
英语---江苏省丹阳高级中学2018届高三上学期期中考试
江苏省丹阳高级中学2018届高三上学期期中考试英语试题第I卷（三部分，共85分）第一部分听力（共两节，满分20分）第一节听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Where are the speakers going?A. To New York.B. To Canada.C. To Mexico.2. Why can’t Tim take Jenny’s shift?A. He has a soccer game.B. He is on vacation.C. He has to go to a funeral.3. What does the woman mean?A. There is a bomb in the refrigerator.B. They will probably run out of food.C. More than enough food has been prepared.4. What subject does the woman think less difficult?A. Literature.B. History.C. Mathematics.5. What did the woman study in college?A. Business.B. Art.C. Spanish.第二节听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What happened to Miguel last weekend?A. He lost his textbook.B. He took care of his grandma.C. His house burned down.7. Why will Miguel be late to Ms. Perry’s office?A. He has to buy his lunch.B. He has to do his homework.C. He has to make food for his grandma.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
英语---江苏省丹阳高级中学2017届高三第二学期期中考试
江苏省丹阳高级中学2016-2017学年度第二学期期中考试英语试题第一部分听力（共两节，满分20分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1.Who is coming for tea?A.Mark.B.John.C.Tracy.2.What will the man do next?A.Stay for dinner.B.Go to the railway station.C.Prepare for the dinner.3.What does the man come for?A.A dinner.B.A meeting.C.A party.4.What size does the man want?A.9.B.35.C.39.5.What are the speakers talking about?A.Life in Southeast Asia.B.Weather conditions.C.A holiday plan.第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置.听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟（听完后.，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间.。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.Why doesn‟t the man want to book the seats downstairs?A.They are too expensive.B.They are uncomfortable.C.They are too close to the stage.7.When does the man plan to see the performance?A.On October 1st.B.On October 21st.C.On October 25th.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题.8.What‟s the complaint of the man‟s neighbor?A.Loud noise.B.Bad sleeping room.C.An important meeting.9.What were the man and his friends about to do?A.Change a room.B.Apologize to their neighbor.C.End their activity.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
江苏省丹阳高级中学牛津译林版英语Module7 Unit2 Fit
Module 7 Unit 2 Fit for life一重要词组1.perform operations/operate on patients in operating theatres2.start revolutions in medicine3.open up any medicine cupboard; open up trade with the west 与西方开始贸易4.prove/turn out (to be) beneficial to mankind5. chew on leaves; chew sth over 仔细考虑6.possess a special chemical to reduce body pains and fever; in possession of sth/takepossession of sth拥有sth; in the possession of sb/in sb’s possession被sb拥有;7. distribute the medicine in powder form to physicians 把药以粉末的形式分发给医生8. in the form of tablets 9. in contemporary society 在当代社会10. have the potential to reduce the risk of heart attacks 有可能降低心脏病发作的风险reach/realize/fulfill/achieve sb’s (full) potential (充分)发挥某人的潜能potential diseases/customers 潜在的疾病/客户11. reduce the risk of some cancers by 40% 12. increase the standard of people’s health13. try this mould out on another bacterium; try out for the school football team参加学校足球队的选拔14. have an application in treating illnesses 应用于治疗各种疾病15. work as a medicine 用作药品16 due to the widespread use of Penicillin17. test the new drug in large quantities/in quantity 大量测试这种新药18. share the Nobel Prize in Medicine for their work19. figure out the meaning of the word 20. by accident/by chance/coincidence 碰巧，偶然21. provide relief for symptoms such as fever and pain22. have a severe stomach upset 有严重的肠胃不适23. be cured of different sicknesses治愈各种疾病, a cure for sth …的治疗方法24. make a diagnosis after examining the patient 在检查病人后作出诊断be diagnosed with...被诊断25. fall (link.v) ill/silent/asleep 26.take one’s temperature 测量某人的体温27. wear sb out/tire sb out/exhaust sb;使某人筋疲力尽wear sth out用坏，磨损某物28. play an important role in our lives 29. have side effects 有副作用30. take measures to protect students’ eyesight and prevent short-sightedness预防近视31. look out of the window at distant objects 望着窗外远处的物体32. instruct students in the proper manner of holding a book 指导学生拿书的正确方式33. get students’ eyes checked regularly 定期检查学生的眼睛34. adjust lighting arrangements调节照明方式; arrange for sb to do sth=make arrangements forsb to do sth安排某人做某事35. under the counter 秘密地a counter to unfair criticism 对不公平批评的反驳counter rumours 反驳谣言Caffeine is known to counter tiredness 消除疲劳36. replace sb/take the place of sb/take sb’s place/in place of sb 代替sb37. let liquid out of body parts which had swollen up 让液体从肿胀的身体部分流出let thedog out of the room 把狗从房间里放出let out a sigh 发出一声叹息let out the secret 泄露秘密38. check/feel your pulse 诊脉39. tap against pressure points 轻敲止血点40. the sharp increase in the number of Internet users 急剧的; with an extreme sharp mind敏锐的; sharp and fine needles锋利的; make a sharp turn to the left急转弯的; at 7:00 sharp 在7:00整41.be connected with, be related to, relate to; be linked to/with, be concerned with, be associated with, have something to do with, in connection with 与…相关42. be addicted to drugs/alcohol对毒品/酒精有瘾; be addicted to computer games/the Internet对电脑游戏/网络入迷; one’s addiction to alcohol 某人的酒瘾43. block pain signals from reaching the brain 阻止疼痛信号到达大脑The road was blocked with snow. 道路被雪堵塞。
2020年江苏丹阳高级中学高三英语上学期期末试题及答案
2020年江苏丹阳高级中学高三英语上学期期末试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ALOI English—English Conversation ClassesTake English conversation classes with native English -speaking teachers from theUnited States,IrelandandAustralia, live, 1 - on - 1.This is by far the best way to improve your real spoken English and listening abilities and get to a level where you can use it in real - life situations. Our teachers mainly carry on conversations about work in different fields, such as business, finance, politics and travel. However, if you like, you can have normal day - to - day conversations about events, weather, etc. If you would like to learn some grammar during conversation, we can do that too!Our English Conversation classes：• Your conversations will always be with a native English speaker.• You can choose the time, day and teacher for each class.• The classes are made for each student individually. They will be at your level, studying what you need and what interests you.Packages10 Classes Package $ 229.90Interested in taking 10, 55 - minute conversation English classes?Schedule a first free class with LOI English and talk to the teacher about it. After that, you can arrange to take our 10 - class conversation English course.20 Classes Package $ 439,80Interested in taking 20, 55 - minute conversation English classes?Schedule a first free class with LOI English and talk to the teacher about it. After that, you can arrange to take our 20 - class conversation English course.1. What do the classes mainly focus on?A. Daily conversations.B. Work - related topics.C. Grammar rules.D. Area - based accents.2. Which is NOT offered to the students?A. Native English - speaking teachers.B. Personalized courses.C. Choice of class time and teacher.D. Offline learning materials.3. What should a student do first if he decides on either of the packages?A. Arrange a free class with LOI English.B. Bargain with LOI English for lower fees.C. Choose an experienced LOI English teacher.D. Make a promise to sit through each class.BEach year, the women of Olney and Liberal compete in an unusual footrace. Dressed in aprons (围裙) and headscarves, they wait at both towns’starting lines. Each woman holds a frying pan with one pancake inside. At the signal, the women flip (轻抛) pancakes and they’re off!This “pancake racing” tradition is said to have started on Shrove Tuesday, 1445, in Olney. Shrove Tuesday is the day beforethe Christian season of Lent (大斋戒) begins. During Lent, many people decide to give up sugary or fatty foods.Legend says that in 1445, an Olney woman was making pancakes to use up some of her sugar and cooking fats before Lent. She lost track of time and suddenly heard the church bells ring, signaling the beginning of the Shrove Tuesday service. Realizing that she was going to be late for church, she raced out the door still wearing her apron and headscarf and holding her frying pan with a pancake in it. In the following years, the woman’s neighbors imitated her dash to church, and pancake racing was born.The rules are simple. Racers must wear the traditional headscarf and apron. They must flip their pancakes twice - once before starting and once after crossing the finish line. After the race, there are Shrove Tuesday church services. Then Liberal and Olney connect through a video call to compare race times and declare a winner.In both towns, the races have grown into larger festivals. Olney’s festival is an all-day event starting with a big pancake breakfast. Liberal’s festival lasts four days and includes a parade, a talent show, and contests that feature eating and flipping pancakes. Although the women’s race is still the main event, both towns now hold additional races for boys and girls of all ages.4. How did pancake racing start?A. A woman in Olney created it.B. Women made pancakes before Lent.C. A woman dashed to church with a pancake.D. People followed the suit of an interesting incident.5. What should racers obey during the race?A. They can wear fashionable headscarves and aprons.B. They must flip their pancakes once in the race.C. They must flip their pancakes at the beginning of the race.D. They can flip their pancakes in the middle of the race.6. What can we learn about the race from the last paragraph?A. People can show their talent in Olney festival.B. People can enjoy a one-day holiday in Liberal.C. The race is not only intended for women now.D. People can have a big pancake breakfast in both towns.7. What is the text mainly about?A. The origin of pancake racing.B. The history of pancake racing.C. The development of pancake racing.D. The introduction to pancake racing.CThis is Scientific America's 60-Second Science. I am Christopher Intagliata.The Apollo missions brought back 842 pounds of rock and soil from the moon, that's nearly 2200 different samples. But the most interesting one, according to a scientist Meenakshi Wadhwa, is a sample named "Apollo 1-0-0-8-5collected by Neil Armstrong on Apollo 11.“He was about to step back into the lunar module(登月舱) when he turned around and saw there were little spaces in the rock box. He knew that geologists on earth would be just so excited to study these materials, so he just scooped up nine scoops(勺) of soil and put it into the box." Wadhwa explained.It was one of the most well studied samples of the Apollo missions. And a geologist named John Wood noticed white flecks(微粒) of rock in the soil, which inspired him to dig deeper into the moon's ancient past.“This was quite a leap of imagination — he proposed that the whole of the moon had been almost covered with a magma(岩浆) ocean nearly 4.5 billion years ago. This was a revolutionary idea at the time, because people had thought the moon had formed cold, so it completely changed our idea how the moon formed.”But Wadhwa has a more personal reason to appreciate this sample. She met her husband Scott Parazynskialso because of this rock sample. Scott, a mountaineer at that time, wanted to climbMount Everestwith a moon rock while Wadhwa was the chairman of the NASA committee that gives access to the samples for scientific purposes.Neil Armstrong's last-minute scoop of moon dust brought two people together here on Earth and upturned our understanding of how the moon — and the Earth itself-got here.Thank you for listening for Scientific American's 60-Second Science.8. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that ________ .A. Neil Armstrong was excited to find the soilB. the spaceship was about to land on the moonC. Sample "Apollo1-008-5" was collected at the last minuteD. scientists were not satisfied with the samples brought back by Neil9. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?A. Scott made a new proposal about the moon's origin.B. The Apollo missions brought back 842 rock samples.C. "Apollo 1-0-0-8-5" brought new evidence to the moon's formation.D. Wadhwa and her husband climbedMount Everestwith a moon rock.10. What is this text?A. A short interview.B. An introduction to a scientist.C. An inspiring speech.D. A broadcast story of a program.11. What is the text mainly about?A. A romantic story of a moon rock.B. A big leap made by Neil Armstrong.C. An unusual task for Apollo missions.D. An unexpected discovery in moon exploration.DTeenagers from low-income families in particular are more likely than their middle-class peers（同龄人）to do less well in schoolwork and to drop out of school. Studies have shown, however, that a positive attitude towards schoolwork and the support and encouragement from their parents can help at-risk youngsters to overcome the economic barriersand lack of resources they face. Most of the evidence about the effects of parental involvement （参与）comes from research on mothers. Little is known, however, about how teenagers experience their fathers’warmth and the beliefs and behavior that are most affected by it.This new study is part of a large one focusing on low-income families conducted in four middle schools in the southwestern United States. Researchers asked 183 sixth-graders about how optimistic and motivated they were about their school work, and how they experienced their fathers' warmth. The students' maths and language arts grades were also gained. The research team took into account the influence that mothers have on their children’s well-being in their analyses.Their findings show how fathers can support their teenagers in ways that result in greater optimism and higher achievement at school. “Low-income fathers affect their teenagers’ beliefs about themselves and their future, and these beliefs influence their achievement by increasing their determination to complete school tasks, “says Dr, Marie-Anne.These positive effects extend to both sons and daughters, although in different ways. Experiencing their fathers’ warmth first influences daughters’sense of optimism, and thenspills overinto their feeling more determined and certain about their academic abilities. This in turn leads to better maths grades. There is a more direct link between their fathers, love and boys' belief in their ability to succeed in academy.12. What is more likely to happen to teenagers from low-income families?A. They will be more determined to struggle.B. They will have fewer happy things to share.C. They will fail in their studies and quit school.D. They will receive less love from their parents.13. How is the new research different from the previous ones?A. It only researches families in the north of America.B. It only studies low-education families in the world.C. It combines questionnaire data and students, grades.D. It mainly focuses on the effects of fathers' involvement.14. What can we know about fathers' warmth?A. It is less effective than that of mothers.B. It affects girls and boys in different ways.C. It mainly applies to girls rather than boys.D. It has a more direct effect on girls thanon boys.15. Which of the following best explains "spills over" underlined in the last paragraph?A. Spreads.B. Changes.C. Bursts.D. Checks.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020年江苏丹阳高级中学高三英语二模试题及答案解析
2020年江苏丹阳高级中学高三英语二模试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AIf you had the opportunity to live forever, would you take it? Keeping your body alive indefinitely still seems like an impossibility, but some scientists think that digital technology may have the answer: creating a digital copy of your “self” and keeping it “alive” online long after your physical body has ceased to function.In effect, the proposal is to clone a person electronically. Unlike the familiar physical clones — children that have identical features as their parents, but that are completely separate organisms with a separate life — your electronic clone would believe itself to be you. How might this be possible? The first step would be to mapthe brain.How? One plan relies on the development of nanotechnology (纳米技术). Ray Kurzweil — one of the kings of artificial intelligence — predicts that within two or three decades we will have nano transmitters that can be put into the bloodstream. Inthe capillaries (毛细血管) of the brain, they would line up alongside the neurons and detect the details of the cerebral (大脑的) electronic activity. They would be able to send that information to a receiver inside a special helmet, so there would be no need for any wires sticking out of the head.As a further step, Ray Kurzweil also imagines the nano transmitters being able to connect you to a world of virtual reality on the Internet, similar to what was shown in the film “Matrix”. With the nano transmitters in place, by thought alone, you could log on to the Internet and instead of the pictures coming up on your screen, they would play inside your mind. Rather than send your friends e-mails you would agree to meet up on some virtual tropical beach.Some peoplebelieve that they can enjoy life after death. But why wait for that when you could have a shot of nanobots (纳米机器人) and upload your brain onto the Internet and live forever as a virtual surfer?One snag: to exist on the net you will have to have your neural network parked on the computer of a web-hosting company. These companies want real money in real bank accounts every year or they will wipe your bit of the hard disc and sell the space to someone else. With your body six feet underground how will you pay?1. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Nano transmitters can help map the human brain.B. Electronic clones recreate the original human body.C. Electronic clones may put their physical selves into movies.D. Nano transmitters use a helmet to detect the cerebral activities.2. What is the author’s attitude towards electronic clones?A. Optimistic and careful.B. Interested and unconvinced.C. Excited and confused.D. Assured and critical.3. The author asks “how will you pay?” at the end of the article, because ________.A. you can’t pay to exist on the Internet if you are physically deadB. you can’t pay for hard disc space if you don’t have a bank accountC. you can’t pay for a special service if too many people want to use itD.you can’t pay the web-hosting company if you don’t have a neural networkBThere is no such thing as a “safe" level of drinking, with increased consumption of alcohol associated with poorer brain health, according to a new study.In an observational study, which has not yet been peer-reviewed, researchers from the University of Oxford studied the relationship between the self-reported alcohol intake of some 25,000 people in the UK, and their brain scans. The researchers noted that drinking had an effect on the brain's gray matter-regions in the brain that make up "important bits where information is processed," according to leadauthor Anya Topiwala, a senior clinical researcher at Oxford.“The more people drank, the less the volume of their gray matter,“ Topiwala said via email. "Brain volume reduces with age and more severely with dementia(痴呆症).Smaller brain volume also predicts worse performance on memory testing,“ she explained. "While alcohol only made a small contribution to this(0. 8%), it was a greater contribution than other "modifiable" risk factors," she said, explaining that modifiable risk factors are “ ones you can do something about, in contrast to aging.”The team also investigated whether certain drinking patterns, beverage types and other health conditions made a difference to the impact of alcohol on brain health. They found that there was no "safe" level of drinking-meaning that consuming any amount of alcohol was worse than not drinking it. They also found no evidence that the type of drink— such as wine, spirits or beer—affected the harm done to the brain. However, certain characteristics, such as high blood pressure, obesity or binge-drinking, could put people at higher risk, researchers added.The risks of alcohol have long been known：Previous studies have found that there's no amount of liquor,wine or beer that is safe for your overall health. Alcohol was the leading risk factor for disease and premature death in men and women between the ages of 15 and 49 worldwide in 2016, accounting for nearly one in 10 deaths, according to a study published in The Lancet in 2018.“It has been known for decades that heavy drinking is bad for brain health," Sadie Boniface, head of research at the UK's Institute of Alcohol Studies, said via email. "We also shouldn't forget alcohol affects all parts of the body and there are multiple health risks. ”4. What is the function of gray matter?A. Control the mount of alcoholB. Process informationC. Scan the brainD. Predict the performance on memory5. Which is NOT true in the following statements according to the study?A. Drinking alcohol is worse than not drinking.B. With people getting older, brain volume reduces.C. Alcohol was the major risk factor for disease and premature death.D. The less people drink alcohol, the more the volume of their gray matter.6. Which is one of the "modifiable" risk factors?A. SmokingB. AgingC. DeathD. Disease7. What is the main idea of the text?A. The mount of alcohol is not related to people's health.B. People drinking alcohol do harm to their brain health.C. People drinking alcohol lead to dementia.D. Theresa great deal of liquor, wine or beer that is safe for health.CThe idea of low material desire, low consumption and refusing to work, marry and have children, concluded as a “lying down” lifestyle, recentlystruck a chord withmany young Chinese who are eager to take pause to breathe in this fast-paced and highly-competitive society.Many millennials (千禧一代) and generation Zs complained to the Global Times that burdens, including work stress, family disputes (纷争) and financial strains, have pushed them “against the wall”. They said they hate the “involution (内卷),” joking that they would rather give up some of what they have than get trapped in an endless competition against peers.“Instead of always following the ‘virtues’ of struggle, endure and sacrifice to bear the stresses, they prefer atemporary lying down as catharsis (宣泄) and adjustment,” said a scholar. “It is no wonder that some young people, under the growing pressures from child-raising to paying the mortgage (按揭) today, would try to live in a simple way and leave the worries behind.”Interestingly, the majority of millennials and Gen Zs reached by the Global Times, who claim to be big fans of the lying down philosophy, acknowledged that they only accept a temporary lying down as a short rest. It is true that with the great improvement of living conditions, some Chinese youth have partially lost the spirit of hardship and are not willing to bear too much hard work. But in fact, lying down is not entirely comfortable. Young people who lie down always feel guilty about their constant loss of morale (士气) far beyond their reach.“Young people on campus have both aspirations and confusion about their future, but most of us have rejected setting ourselves up in chains to waste opportunities and challenges,” a postgraduate student told the Global Times. “It’s no use running away. I have to ‘stand up’ and face the reality sooner or later.”8. What does the underlined phrase in paragraph 1 mean?A. Warned.B. Criticized.C. Touched.D. Amused.9. What might have caused the “lying down” lifestyle among the young?A. Improvements in living conditions.B. Growing pressure from family and social life.C. Increasing material possessions from families.D. Temporary adjustment to failure in competitions.10. What’s the scholar’s attitude toward the “lying down” group?A. Understanding.B. Intolerant.C.Supportive.D. Unclear.11. What can be inferred about the young generation from the text?A. They never really drop their responsibilities.B. They really enjoy the “lying down” lifestyle.C. They find their dreams far beyond their reach.D. They would rather escape than take challenges.DA world in which extinct creatures could be brought back to life came a step closer yesterday. Australian scientists have managed to extract a gene from a preserved sample of a Tasmanian tiger and make it active.Thebreakthroughhas left them dreaming that one day they will be able to recreate the animal, which died out more than 70 years ago. And if it can be done with the Tasmanian tiger, it may also be possible to resurrect (复活) creatures that have been extinct for far longer.“There used to be a time when extinction meant forever, but no more, ” said Professor Mike Archer. “We are now able to seriously challenge whether those animals that have gone for ever. What has been achieved is a very important step in bringing back those animals that are extinct. And while I think that technically it is still pretty difficult at the moment, we can now see the possibilities. I’m personally convinced that the Tasmanian tiger will be brought back to life in my lifetime.”The breakthrough came after nine years of experiments by scientists at the University of Melbourne, who extracted a gene from one of several tigers preserved in alcohol in a Melbourne museum. They removed the equivalent gene from a mouse embryo implanted the tiger gene and then watched as the mouse continued to grow normally, suggesting the tiger gene had been activated.Team leader Dr. Andrew Pask said it was the first time DNA from an extinct species had been used to “induce (引起) a functional response in another living organism”.However, the animal’s entire gene structure would have to be revived in the same way to even begin the possibility of bringing the Tasmanian tiger back from the dead.Mick Mooney, a wildlife officer ofthe Tasmanian Government, was worried that such developments could encourage people’s indifference to the protection of endangered species.“If people think that we can bring animals back to life after they’ve gone, they will start saying that there is nothing to worry about because we can fix it up later.”12. What does the underlined word “breakthrough” in the l paragraph refer to?A. Scientists have recreated new animals.B. Scientists have resurrected endangered animal.C. It has turned out that some creatures would not go extinct.D. A tiger gene has been extracted successfully and activated.13. Scientists are carrying out the experiments in order to ________.A. bring extinct animals back to lifeB. transplant the genes of tigers into other animalsC. find out what factors lead to the animals’ extinctionD. find a new way to extract animals’ DNA14. Mike Archer thinks that ________.A. scientists now have no technological difficulty reconnecting extinct animalsB. it’ll be a century or so before a Tasmanian tiger walks on the earth againC. humans have come closer in reconnecting extinct animalsD. reconnecting extinct animals is impossible15. We can learn from Mick Mooncy’s words that_________.A. he thought it unnecessary to worry about endangered animalsB. his opinion is in contrast with that of the Tasmanian GovernmentC. he thought people should be encouraged to protect endangered animalsD. he is concerned that bringing extinct animals back to life may have a negative effect第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2024届江苏省镇江市丹阳高级中学三模英语试题
2024届江苏省镇江市丹阳高级中学三模英语试题一、阅读理解Summer Day CampsJoin the Environmental Learning Center this summer for adventure in the outdoors! We can’t wait to be part of your summer!1．What ability can you learn from The Wildness Week?A．To interpret the singing of birds.B．To experiment on wild animals.C．To get along with wild animals.D．To survive well in the wild.2．Which camp will provide information relevant to working in the wild?A．Outdoor-ologists.B．Animal Antics.C．The Wildness Week.D．Young Experimenters.3．How much will you get if you cancel your reservation for Animal Antics on April 6?A．$230.B．$180.C．$115.D．$50.Chaudhary weaves (编织) together lengths of rope and grass collected from the nearby riverbank in her village, skillfully shaping the materials into a gift box while instructing a group of women to follow suit.The ropes being used were once the lifeline for mountain climbers tackling Nepal’s mountains and were then cast away. Diverse measures to remove such discarded materials have rocketed since 2019, when the government launched Clean Mountain Campaign.Around 140,000 tons of waste were collected on Mt. Everest alone, which were handled accordingly, either securely buried or recycled.Some waste is now finding fresh life, transformed by skilled hands like Chaudhary’s into items to sell, thanks to an initiative led by Acharya, an owner of a waste processing business and an advocate for sustainable waste management. She has been working with the cleaning campaign, aiming at mountains like Mt. Everest.“Metal waste goes through the recycling process, but we weren’t capable of recycling these ropes and cooking gas cans,” Acharya says. It didn’t occur to her that the waste which couldn’t be recycled could be reused until she met Rai at an art exhibition and a solution emerged.Rai, a businessman dealing in craftworks, helped connect Acharya with Chaudhary and her team of craftswomen in hopes of unlocking the economic value of the mountain waste. With flexible hours, the project gives the craftswomen an opportunity to earn money even as they maintain their household responsibilities.“While this seems insignificant compared to waste in the mountains, it’s a start. We can’t supply sufficient raw material with waste sorting and cleaning processes taking plenty of time and money,” Acharya says, desperate to expand the program to involve more women and treat more waste. But progress has been slow. “We need investment to mechanize the cleaning and processing of waste in the initial phase to provide the crafting team with enough materials to meet their demand,” she adds.4．What were the ropes mentioned in paragraph 2 initially intended as?A．Tools for tying up weeds.B．Villagers’ basic necessities of life.C．Raw materials tor unique artworks.D．Life-saving devices for mountaineers. 5．What inspired Acharya’s resolution of non-recyclable waste?A．A journey to the rural area.B．An encounter with a trader.C．Information from a product launch.D．Attendance at an academic conference. 6．What does Acharya expect to do based on the last paragraph?A．Train more senior technicians.B．Obtain a better reputation.C．Drop waste washing procedures.D．Bring in advanced equipment.7．What is the best title for the text?A．Chaudhary: An Eco-Minded Folk ArtistB．Nepali Women Are Turning Garbage into CraftsC．Clean Mountain Campaign Has Already Taken EffectD．A Headache: Mt. Everest Is Heavily Littered with WasteThe possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars. It’s hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars, policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams,cut emissions and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.Do we want to copy—or even worsen—the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport—an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing (叫车) services.A study from the University of California suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could significantly reduce carbon emissions and cut the cost of transportation by 2050, which sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as responsibility and maintenance issues. But driverless car ownership could increase as more people become comfortable with the technology.Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.8．As for driverless cars, what is the author’s major concern?A．Safety.B．Side effects.C．Affordability.D．Management. 9．According to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless cars can ______.A．help deal with transportation-related problems B．provide better services to customers C．cause damage to our environment D．make some people lose jobs10．What does the underlined word “fielded” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A．Shared.B．Replaced.C．Employed.D．Reduced. 11．What is the author’s attitude to the future of self-driving cars?A．Doubtful.B．Positive.C．Disapproving.D．Sympathetic.Many economists predict 2024 will be the time shoppers tighten their belts. That doesn’t mean people will stop spending, say retail (零售) analysts. But it will change what they choose to buy. With a slowing job market, global consumers are likely to move away from more high-priced purchases and focus instead on smaller, less expensive treats.The economic uncertainty means that consumers are becoming more discriminating about their purchases, says Ethan Chermofsky, senior vice president of marketing at intelligence platform Placer. ai. “There are the things we decide are necessary, and then there’s another category of things that aren’t necessary but that we consider affordable luxuries, he says. This desire for these “affordable luxuries” is common in difficult economic times. Some economists refer to the phenomenon as the “lipstick index”: a small economic increase led by budget-minded consumers seeking out relatively affordable splurges (挥霍), like small cosmetics (化妆品).Analysts at Deloitte say consumers will spend on little luxuries like specialty coffees and snacks as well. Additionally, stressed-out shoppers are prioritizing small splurge purchases for wellness and personal care.As retailers see shoppers turning to little luxuries, they’re offering more and more of them. Target, for example, has staked a flag in what they refer to as “affordable joy”, which includes a selection of self-care and cosmetic products, along with wellness-centric beauty products. Beyond diversifying their offerings, stores are also bringing in luxury-feeling products at lower price points to appeal to more consumers.Ethan says not every shopper will shift their spending to little luxuries-but even those who are still longing for the “must-haves” of social media will also look to get a deal. They want the feeling of purchasing lower-priced affordable treats. To get these goods, shoppers are likely to tap into the re-sale market for designer items at a more reasonable price. They want things that make them feel good about themselves-they just want to do it without breaking the bank.12．What can affordable luxuries be?A．Inexpensive daily necessities.B．High-end products.C．Reasonably-priced designer items.D．High-priced purchases.13．What is paragraph 4 mainly about?A．The strategies retailers use.B．The joy businesses offer.C．The competition stores face.D．The products consumers buy.14．What do most shoppers seek according to Ethan?A．Social-media deals.B．World-famous brands.C．Second-hand bargains.D．Budget-friendly pleasures.15．Which of the following is the best title for the text?A．Lipstick Index: Where Does It Lead Us?B．Must-have Treats: A Future Spending Trend C．Affordable Joy: Will We Fall Into The Trap?D．Little Luxuries: A Driving Force Behind ConsumptionThe teenage years are a transformative period marked by great physical, psychological, and emotional changes. 16 They refer to the feelings that arise during interactions with others, such as gratitude, shame, sympathy, guilt, and pride.Understanding and managing social emotions can help develop teenagers’ identities. Teenagers experience a wide range of emotions from social interactions, which significantly influences their self-understanding and social awareness. In the process, they learn to understand, and appropriately respond to both their own emotions and those of others. 17In academic settings, social emotional competencies like self-regulation, motivation, and social awareness directly impact a teenager’s ability to learn, participate, and engage in school activities. 18 Teenagers with strong social emotional skills are better equipped to handle stress, resist peer pressure, and avoid risky behaviors, reducing the likelihood of developing mental health issues.Learning social emotions involves a combination of personal experience, guidance, and formal education. 19 This environment influences teenagers’ earliest understanding of how to communicate and manage their emotions. They feel safe and supportive to express their emotions freely and learn to manage them without fear of judgment. Schools also play a significant role through social emotional learning programs that teach these skills in a structured environment. Community involvement, extracurricular activities, and peer (同伴) interactions offer additional opportunities for teenagers to practice and refine their social emotional skills.20 It contributes to a teenager’s ability to manage their own emotions, understand others’ emotions, and face social complexities. This learning is a cornerstone for shaping their identity, influencing their interpersonal relationships, academic success, mental health, and futurelife outcomes.A．What exactly are social emotions?B．The journey into mature emotion is quite easy.C．Social emotion learning for teenagers is essential.D．Central to this phase is the concept of social emotions.E．This helps shape their own personal principles and beliefs.F．Families play a crucial role in modeling and developing these skills.G．Moreover, social emotional skills are closely linked to mental health.二、完形填空My mother has always been one of those rare people that sees the good in everyone and does good things. She’s had her ups and downs but has always 21 a positive, sunny outlook on life and been very 22 to people.One day, my little sister fell and hurt her ankle, desperately needing a 23 to the hospital emergency room. My mother immediately 24 into crisis mode, packed my sister into the car, and drove to our local hospital. In such a 25 , my mother didn’t call to tell my father. When she got to the hospital, she realized she needed to 26 with my father immediately.While waiting for my sister to be examined, my mother 27 her way to the pay phone to place her call. She put her coin in, called my father and told him everything. After she hung up, the phone 28 several additional coins that Mom wasn’t owed.Realizing that the phone was 29 , my mother decided to leave the 30 coins by the phone. She told us that in a crisis, people might not remember to bring 31 with them to make that emergency call.I’ve often thought about her 32 from an adult’s perspective. I realize that someone seeing the money by he phone may have 33 taken it because not everyone was as 34 as my mother. But I like to believe that my mother’s faith was 35 and that someone who needed them found the coins waiting there.21．A．tolerated B．anticipated C．maintained D．expressed 22．A．patient B．helpful C．honest D．polite23．A．rest B．stay C．lift D．visit24．A．cut B．shifted C．looked D．stuck 25．A．rush B．way C．relief D．process 26．A．come along B．keep in line C．make up D．get in touch 27．A．made B．felt C．picked D．gave 28．A．found B．returned C．collected D．charged 29．A．smart B．ready C．convenient D．broken 30．A．different B．ancient C．extra D．rare31．A．luck B．phones C．change D．chances 32．A．opportunity B．decision C．appointment D．encounter 33．A．simply B．suddenly C．obviously D．gradually 34．A．thoughtful B．grateful C．hopeful D．successful 35．A．hard-won B．newly-built C．well-placed D．deeply-rooted三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词括号内单词的正确形式。
2025届江苏省丹阳市丹阳高级中学高考全国统考预测密卷数学试卷含解析
2025届江苏省丹阳市丹阳高级中学高考全国统考预测密卷数学试卷注意事项：1． 答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。
2．选择题必须使用2B 铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用0．5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。
3．请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。
4．保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。
一、选择题：本题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1．512a x x x x ⎛⎫⎛⎫+- ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭的展开式中各项系数的和为2，则该展开式中常数项为 A ．-40 B ．-20C ．20D ．402．在311(21)x x ⎛⎫++ ⎪⎝⎭展开式中的常数项为( ) A ．1B ．2C ．3D ．73．设等差数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ，若5632a a a +=+，则7S =（ ） A ．28B ．14C ．7D ．24．已知集合{2,3,4}A =，集合{},2B m m =+，若{2}A B =，则m =（ ）A ．0B ．1C ．2D ．45．设,,D E F 分别为ABC ∆的三边BC,CA,AB 的中点，则EB FC +=（ ） A ．12AD B ．AD C ．BCD ．12BC 6．由曲线y ＝x 2与曲线y 2＝x 所围成的平面图形的面积为( ) A ．1 B ．13C ．23D ．437．已知复数为纯虚数(为虚数单位)，则实数（ ）A ．-1B ．1C ．0D ．28．设x ，y 满足约束条件21210x y x y x y +≤⎧⎪+≥-⎨⎪-≤⎩，若32z x y =-+的最大值为n ，则2n x x ⎛ ⎝的展开式中2x 项的系数为( )A ．60B ．80C ．90D ．1209．已知复数z 满足(1)2z i -=，其中i 为虚数单位，则1z -=（ ）． A ．iB ．i -C ．1i +D ．1i -10．已知集合1|2A x x ⎧⎫=<-⎨⎬⎩⎭，{|10}B x x =-<<则AB =（ ）A ．{|0}x x <B ．1|2x xC ．1|12x x ⎧⎫-<<-⎨⎬⎩⎭D ．{|1}x x >-11．已知命题P ：x R ∀∈，sin 1x ≤，则p ⌝为( ) A ．0x R ∃∈，0sin 1x ≥ B ．x R ∀∈，sin 1x ≥ C ．0x R ∃∈，0sin 1x >D ．x R ∀∈，sin 1x >12．在ABC ∆中，,,a b c 分别为,,A B C ∠∠∠所对的边，若函数()()322213f x x bx a c ac x =+++- 1+有极值点，则B 的范围是（ ）A ．0,3π⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭ B ．0,3π⎛⎤⎥⎝⎦C ．,3ππ⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦D ．,3π⎛⎫π⎪⎝⎭二、填空题：本题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分。
2020届江苏丹阳高级中学高三英语上学期期末试题及答案解析
2020届江苏丹阳高级中学高三英语上学期期末试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AGet up to 19% off the cover pricePlus, get digital access with your paid print subscription●Up-to-date news that touches your lifeFrom money-saving tips and quick reports on the latest healthcare, to inspiring articles on world events, you'll discover hundreds of ideas for living a richer, more satisfying life.●Read it anytime, anywhereGet a l-year-print subscription ofReader's Digestmagazine today and you'll also get free digital instantly. With digital access, you can read the latest issue ofReader's Digestanytime, anywhere! Plus, you can quickly access your past issues online, too.●Continuous renewal serviceYour subscription will automatically renew at the end of each term until you cancel. You authorize us to charge you credit/debit cardat the discounted rate on the renewal service unless you cancel. You may cancel at anytime by visiting Customer Care and receive a refund on all unmailed issues.●Other informationThe cover price ofReader's Digestis $3.99 per issue and it is currently published 10 times annually. Please check the confirmation page and your mailbox to download detailed instructions.1. What is the annual fee for subscription?A. $32. 3.B. $39. 9.C. $40.D. $47. 9.2. Which of the following words best describes the content inReader's Digest?A. Touching and amusing.B. Inspiring and practical.C. Amazing and entertaining.D. Educational and theoretical.3. If you subscribe toReader’s Digest, you can ________.A. have as many issues as possible every yearB. renew your subscription at the original rateC. get back your money for the issues not mailedD. obtain all the past issues online anytime, anywhereBWe touch our faces all the time, and it had never seemed to be a big problem—until COVID-19 arrived. Touching our faces—the "T-zone" of our eyes, nose and mouth in particular—can mean giving ourselves the deadly virus.This is why organizations like the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have suggested that we avoid touching our faces. "Just stop this simple behavior," William Sawyer, founder of Henry the Hand, a nonprofit organization that promotes hand hygiene (卫生), told The Washington Post. "It's the one behavior that would be better than any vaccine (疫苗) ever created."Yet, stopping this "simple" behavior might be harder than you think because it's already hardwired (固定存在于) into our system.Some face touchingis an automatic reflex (反射) —like when there is an itch (痒) on your nose, you'll scratch (挠) it without thinking. According to CNBC, a 2014 study found that touching your face also helps to reduce stress and regulate emotions. For example, you're more likely to do it when you feel awkward or embarrassed. According to Dacher Keltner, a psychologist at the University of California Berkeley, US, this action may also come with a social function: When you are talking to someone and want to change the subject, for example, touching your face is like "the curtains on a stage, closing up one act of the social drama, ushering (引导) in the next," Keltner told the BBC.Moreover, face-touching in almost all of these occasions is subconscious, which means it's very hard to change "because you don't even know you're doing it", said Sawyer. But you're not alone. In a 2015 study, wherea group of medical students were filmed in class, it was found that they touched their faces an average of 23 times an hour—with 44 percent of the touches being in the "T-zones". That was particularly surprising since medical students were supposed to know better.Since it's so hard to shake the habit, maybe the easiest way is to wash our hands more often. This way, we can be sure that our hands are free from the novel coronavirus.4. What do the first two paragraphs talk about?A. The best way to fight COVID-19B. How organizations are fighting COVID-19.C. Typical hand hygiene problems in the fight against COVID-19.D. The necessity to avoid touching our faces to fight COVID-19.5. Why is it hard for people to stop touching their faces?A. It makes people feel more confident.B. Many are unaware of this behavior's risks.C. They usually do it automatically and subconsciouslyD. Many think the action helps them express their emotions.6. Which of the following is a social function of touching faces, according to the text?A. Using it as a sign to change the topicB. Bringing a conversation to an end.C. Showing an interest in the ongoing subject.D. Making others feel relaxed while talking.7. What is the author's purpose in mentioning a 2015 study on a group of medical students?A. To give tips on how to stop touching faces.B. To prove that it is common for people to touch their faces.C. To show it is impossible to shake the habit of touching your face.D. To show how hygiene awareness helps people avoid touching their faces.CCoke was introduced by the Coca Cola company in 1886, making it a rather true andtested favorite of generations of people in over 200 countries. This list should give you some ideas on how to get more from your coke than usual.. Coca Cola is an excellent rust buster (除锈剂). If you have a bunch of small rusty objects, put them in coke overnight and give them a goodscrubin the morning. Coke helps to break down the rust, making cleaning much easier. Be sure to throw out the used coke when you are done with it or you might be taking a trip to the doctor.. Like the previous item, the citric acid (柠檬酸) in coke makes for an excellent window cleaner. This is especially useful for car windows. Pour a can of coke over the window and rub the window, then wipe it off with a wet cloth to remove any sugary matter from the sugar in the drink. As coke is fullof sugar, you should clean the sticky matter off the window glasses, or it will be not a cleaner but a dirt.. For those of you who live in areas where skunk (臭鼬) smells can be an issue from time to time, one can of coke added to water with detergent (清洁剂) really helps to break the smell down. If you have been sprayed, stand in the shower and cover yourself from head to toe with coke — wait for a few minutes, then wash yourself with a shower. Coke is an excellent hair treatment so you get two tips for the price of one with this item!. Pots can sometimes get black on the bottom. The black is almost impossible to remove; this is caused by over-cooking. To remove the black and renew your pot, pour in a can of coke (or as much as you need to cover the blackened area by an inch) and put it on the stove on a low heat. After an hour or so, wash the pot as normal.8. What does the underlined word “scrub”in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Start.B. Cleaning.C. Shake.D. Example.9. What is important while using coke to clean car windows?A. Use a dry cloth.B. Rub the window lightly.C. Don’t pour too much coke.D. Clean the sugary matter thoroughly.10. For which purpose does coke have to be mixed with other material?A. To get rid of the black on the pot.B. To breakdown the rust,C. To remove smells.D. To clean windows.11. What type of writing is this text?A. An advertisement.B. A review.C. A news report.D. A practical guide.DEven as Google plans to test its fleet (车队) of self-driving cars on public roads this summer, its business model remains abit of a mystery. By 2025, as many as 250,000 self-driving vehicles could be sold each year globally, according to a study by an industry research firm.“Vehicles that can take anyone from A to B at the push of a button could transform mobility for millions of people,” said Chris Urmson, director of Google’s self-driving car project. For now, Google has no plans to sell any of its self-driving cars. They are strictly for research. But they will hit public roads this summer near Google’s headquarters inMountain View,California. Previous testing has taken place only on closed courses.The cars are built to operate without a steering wheel, accelerator (油门) or brake pedal. “Our software and sensors do all the work,” Urmson said. “The vehicles will be very basic — we want to learn from them and adapt them as quickly as possible — but they will take you where you want to go at the push of a button.” The prototype(雏形) is the first of a 100-car fleet the tech giant is building.In the long run, Urmson sees a future of safer roads — the majority of auto accidents are caused by human error — and fewer traffic jams. Robotic cars could also shuttle people who can’t drive because of age or illness.Google has said that self-driving cars could launch new business models in which people buy the use of vehicles they don’t own. The company has already tested other types of self-driving cars on public streets, including modified Lexus sport-utility vehicles, under a special permit program by the California Department of Motor Vehicles that requires a human driver at the controls.The state has issued six other companies permits to operate such cars, includingDelphi, Mercedes-Benz, Volkswagen, Tesla, Bosch and Nissan. The vehicles that will be tested on open roads this summer will have removable steering wheels, accelerators and brake pedals to allow “safety drivers” to take control if needed.12. According to Chris Urmson, __________.A. self-driving cars can give driving orders to humansB. self-driving cars are specially designed for the elderlyC. software and sensors are vital for self-driving carsD. ordinary vehicles will be replaced by self-driving cars13. Paragraph 4 is meant to tell us that __________.A. many traffic accidents are caused by human errorB. some people can’t drive because of illness or ageC. Urmson has promised to create safer roads in the futureD. self-driving cars will probably help to make safer roads and decrease traffic jams14. The underlined word “issued” in the last paragraph can probably bereplaced by__________.A. givenB. claimedC. awardedD. prohibited15. What’s the author’s attitude towards self-driving cars?A. Objective.B. Indifferent.C. Subjective.D. Favorable.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
利用课堂教学稳步提高英语书面表达能力
利用课堂教学稳步提高英语书面表达能力
唐杰
【期刊名称】《文理导航》
【年(卷),期】2012(000)016
【摘要】书面表达在高考中所占比重很大，但是不能短期提高，只能在平时的学习中不断累积。
所以教师要把书面表达能力的提高融入到课堂教学中，这样既可以使我们的课堂更高效，又可以提高书面表达的能力。
【总页数】1页(P58-58)
【作者】唐杰
【作者单位】江苏省丹阳高级中学
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】G633.41
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数学也需要“翻译”
江苏省丹阳高级中学 祝智瀚
高一学生产生数学学习障碍的一个原因是高中数学的语言表达与初中阶段大不相同。
初中阶段，数学主要是以形象、通俗的语言方式进行表达，数学题目往往用直白、详细的语言描述，很多老师也为学生将各种题建立了统一的思维模式，如解分式方程分几步，因式分解先看什么，再看什么等。
因此，很多学生在初中学习中习惯于这种机械的，便于操作的定势方式。
而高一数学一下子就触及非常抽象的集合语言、逻辑运算语言、函数语言、图象语言等,在数学语言的表达上有了很大的变化，数学题目往往语言精练，字数少但信息量大，数学语言的抽象化对思维能力提出了高要求。
数学语言主要由三种形式的语言构成，即符号语言、图形语言、自然语言。
同一数学研究对象，往往可用不同的语言形态表达。
自然语言比较自然、生动、通俗；图形语言（函数图象、几何图形、表格、集合的韦恩图等）易引起清晰的视觉形象，直观、明了、易懂；数学所特有的符号语言与普通语言相比有其简单性、严密性和可操作性的特点，可较大地简化复杂的理论和数学问题解决的操作过程。
往往是同一个问题，同一个条件，换了种说法也会引起他们理解上的困难。
所以在教学中渗透几种语言的互译，以及同一问题的不同说法，对锻炼学生的审题能力和思维的展开是非常有益的。
互译包括:文字语言与符号语言的互译、符号语言与图形语言的互译、文字语言与图形语言的互译这三个方面。
数学问题通过阅读理解、抽象思维、推理演算，直到问题解决，实质上是数学语言各种形态之间的转化或互译过程，也是数学语言各种形态的表达。
以下通过几个教学实例的解析，谈谈三种数学语言形态之间互译以及在解题中的应用。
1、 自然语言与符号语言的互译
例1.已知长方体的全面积为11，其12条棱的长度之和为24，则这个长方体的一条对角线长为_____
分析：先将自然语言转换为数学符号表达式：设长方体长宽高分别为x ，y ，z ，则
, 所求对角线长为5116)(2)(22222=-=++-++=++xz yz xy z y x z y x
评析：本题解答关键是在于将两个已知和一个未知转换为三个数学表示式，也即自然语言与符号语言的转化。
观察和分析三个数学式，使用配方法将三个数学式进行联系，即联系了已知和未知，从而求解。
例2. 设b ax x y ++=2，集合}{}|{a x y x ==，求b a +的值。
分析：例2主要用数学符号语言描述，字数不多，但是蕴含的信息量比较大。
如果我们把它翻译为自然语言的话，即为方程x b ax x =++2有两个相等的实根为a 。
学生就会发现这个问题本质上只是一个二次方程有等根的问题，问题迎刃而解。
2、 符号语言和图形语言的互译
例3. 如果实数y x ,满足等式3)2(22=+-y x ，求 x
y 的取值范围。
分析：本题若用代数方法设k x y =代入求解较繁。
理解符号x
y 的几何意义，问题转译为圆上动点与原点连线的斜率范围问题；也即过原点与圆相交的直线的斜率范围问题。
只需求出两个与圆相切的直线的斜率即可。
例4. 若函数2(),f x kx x R =∈的图像上的任意一点都在函数()1,g x kx x R =-∈的下方，则实数k 的取值范围是____________
分析：本题需要将图形语言转译为符号语言，函数2
(),f x kx x R =∈的图像在函()1,g x kx x R =-∈的下方可转译为)()(x g x f <在R x ∈上恒成立的问题即可求解。
例5：解不等式：。
分析：若应用常规的方法解此题：即平方、移项、合并同类项等方法将其化归为有理方程进行求解，其复杂性是显而易见的。
注意到不等式左边的结构特点，即可化为：
这时化静为动得到一个平面区域：
这是一个3,4==c a 的椭圆及内部区域17
162
2≤+y x
再以静制动，令y = 2可得原不等式的解为7
2147214≤≤-x 。
评析：此题典型体现了数学解题过程中动静的互相转化。
也体现了符号语言向图象语言的转化，因而使得问题由抽象变为直观形象而易于解决。
3、 自然语言和图形语言的互译
例6、求边长为1的正方形所在平面内的任一点到正方形四个顶点距离之和的最小值。
分析：这是一个以自然语言形式叙述的数学问题。
我们不妨根据其几何意义用符号表示：
如图,设P 是边长为1的正方形ABCD 所在平面内的任一点，
求PD PC PB PA P f +++=)(的最小值。
建立直角坐标系，
则有)1,0(),1,1(),0,1(),0,0(D C B A
设),(y x P , 则
PD PC PB PA P f +++=)(=
22222222)1()1()1()1(y x y x y x y x -+-++-+-+++=
面对此较复杂的式子一时难以下手,根据其特征，考虑复数方法解决，将其赋以复数符号语言：设i y x z yi x z i y x z yi x z )1()1(,)1(,)1(,4321-+-=+-=-+=+=，则 22|22|||||||||||)(43214321=+=+++≥+++=i z z z z z z z z P f 其中，等号当且仅当2
1==y x 时成立。
所以)(P f 的最小值为22。
评析：本题体现了自然语言与符号语言，符号语言与符号语言之间的相互转换，辅之以几何意义的直观想象，对问题的解决带来了很大方便。
由以上几例可知，数学语言的三种语言形式从不同方面表达了问题的共同性。
也即同一数学问题的多重性表达，各有其特点和适用场合，不同语言形态间的互译能力是数学能力素质的基本要素之一。
平时在教学过程当中，我们需要注重培养学生对三种语言的转换，提高学生数学语言能力，这对学生学好数学起着至关重要的作用。