朱永涛《英美文化基础教程》笔记和课后习题详解(谁是英国人)【圣才出品】

第1章谁是英国人

1.1 复习笔记

Ⅰ. Who Are the British?

1. The Scots

2. The Irish

3. The English

Ⅰ. Who Are the British? (谁是英国人？)

1. The Scots(苏格兰人)

(1) Origin: Celts.

(2) Scots are proud that the English never conquered them.

(3) Language

①Gaelic, old Celtic language of the Scots: it is still heard in the Highlands and the Western Isles and their names beginning with M’, Mac, Mc, which means “son of” in Gaelic;

②English;

Character: a. said to be serious, cautious, thrifty; b. in fact they are hospitable, generous, friendly.

(1) 起源：凯尔特人。

(2) 苏格兰人自豪的是，英国从来没有征服过他们。

(3) 语言

①盖尔语，苏格兰的古老的凯尔特语言：在高地和西部群岛地区扔能听到人们讲这些语言，这些地区的人们的名字以M，MAC，MC开头，盖尔语的意思是“儿子”。

②英语；

特点：a．据说他们严肃认真、谨慎、节俭；b．事实上他们很热情、慷慨、友善。2. The Irish(爱尔兰人)

(1) Origin: Scots and English Protestants.

(2) Problem: there has been bitter fighting between the Protestants who are dominant group, and the Roman Catholics, who are seeking more social, political and economic opportunities.

(3) Language

①Irish or Erse, a form of Gaelic: official first language of the Republic of Ireland;

②English: second.

(4) Character: charm, vivacity, beauty girls.

(1) 起源：苏格兰和英国新教徒。

(2) 问题：占主导地位的新教徒与正在寻求更多的社会，政治和经济机会的罗马天主教之间有着激烈的战斗。

(3) 语言

①爱尔兰语，一种盖尔特语：爱尔兰共和国的官方语言；

②英文：居第二重要性。

(4) 特性：女孩有魅力、活泼、美丽。

3. The English(英格兰人)

(1) Origin: Anglo-Saxons.

(2) Cockney: A Cockney is a Londoner who is born within the sound of Bow Bells–the bells of the church of St Mary-Le-Bow Bells in east London.

(3) It was from the union of Norman conquerors and the defeated Anglo-Saxons that the English people and the English language were born.

(1) 起源：盎格鲁-撒克逊人。

(2) 伦敦佬：伦敦佬是一个出生就带有教堂的钟的声音的人——东伦敦的圣玛丽勒布教堂的钟声。

(3) 英国人和英语来源于诺尔曼征服者联盟和被打败的盎格鲁撒克逊人。

1.2 课后习题详解

Ⅰ. Explain each of the following in English

1. The Scottish Highlanders

【答案】The Scottish Highlander consider himself the ’true’ Scot and he wears his national dress, the kilt, with pride. They are a proud, independent and hardy people who mainly live by farming sheep in the mountain areas.

2. The British Isles

【答案】The British Isles are a group of islands off the northwest coast of continental Europe that include the islands of Great Britain, Ireland and over six thousand

smaller isles. There are two sovereign states located on the islands: the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

3. The National Eisteddfod

【答案】The National Eisteddfod takes place each August and lasts for about a week. The highlight of the Eisteddfod is a competition for the best epic poem about Wales written and read in Welsh; the winner is crowned Bard, considered the supreme honor in Wales.

4. Bard

【答案】In medieval Gaelic and British culture, a bard was a professional poet, employed by a patron, such as a monarch or nobleman, to commemorate the patron’s ancestors and to praise the patron’s own activities.

5. Northern Ireland (Ulster)

【答案】In 1922, Ireland was partitioned. The 26 countries of southern Ireland became the Irish Free State, later re-named the Republic of Eire. The six countries of Ulster, in the north, remained part of the United Kingdom with their own parliament, Stormont, responsible for internal affairs.

6. Oliver Cromwell

【答案】He was an English military and political leader and later Lord Protector of