陕师大2013英语专业考研专业课真题(含二外)(回忆版)
2013年考研英语真题完整版(含答案)
3.[A] issue [B] vision [C] picture [D] moment4.[A] For example [B] On average [C] In principle [D] Above all5.[A] fond [B]fearful [C] capable [D] thoughtless6.[A] in [B] on [C] to [D] for7.[A] if [B]until [C] though [D] unless8.[A] promote [B]emphasize [C] share [D] test9.[A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success10.[A] chosen [B]stupid [C]found [D] identified11.[A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise12.[A] inspired [B]expressed [C] conducted [D] secured13.[A] assigned [B]rated [C] matched [D] arranged14.[A] put [B]got [C]gave [D] took15.[A]instead [B]then [C] ever [D] rather16.[A]selected [B]passed [C] marked [D] introduced17.[A]before [B] after [C] above [D] below18.[A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate19.[A]achieve [B]undo [C] maintain [D]disregard20. [A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpful答案：1-5: ADCAB6-10: BADDA11-15: DCBDB16-20: CACBC答案详解：2013年的完型填空是一篇选自《经济学人》名为A Question of Judgment的文章。
2013年陕西师范大学考研教育硕士(Ed.M)教育综合真题试卷(题后含答
2013年陕西师范大学考研教育硕士（Ed.M）教育综合真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 单项选择题 2. 名词解释题 3. 辨析题 4. 简答题 5. 论述题 6. 案例分析题单项选择题下列各题的备选答案中，只有一个是符合题意的。
1．建构主义学习观认为学习具有主动建构性、社会互动性与( )A．能动性B．主体性C．可迁移性D．情境性正确答案：D2．奥苏伯尔将学习分为机械学习与( )A．意义学习B．策略学习C．概念学习D．技能学习正确答案：A3．在西方古代教育史上，提出教育目的在于实现个人的“灵魂转向”，主张“寓学习于游戏”，“学习即回忆”的教育家是( )A．苏格拉底B．柏拉图C．亚里士多德D．奥古斯丁正确答案：B4．我国最早规定义务教育阶段的学制是( )A．壬寅学制B．癸卯学制C．壬子癸卯学制D．壬戌学制正确答案：A5．颜元主持的漳南书院性质上属于( )A．理学书院B．实学书院C．制艺书院D．考据书院正确答案：B6．在西方近代教育中，依据教育心理学化的理念，提出初等学校教育应该从最简单要素开始，以便循序渐进地促进人的和谐发展的教育家是( ) A．洛克B．卢梭C．夸美纽斯D．裴斯泰洛齐正确答案：D7．“不愤不启，不悱不发”主要阐明的教学原则是( )A．启发式原则B．科学性原则C．理论联系实际原则D．巩固性原则正确答案：A8．综合实践活动课程的基本特征是：综合性、实践性、开放性、自主性和( )A．服务性B．目的性C．生成性D．社会性正确答案：C9．我国最早的教学理论著作是( )A．《大学》B．《论演说家的教育》C．《论语》D．《学记》正确答案：D10．我国中小学中常用的基本教学方法是( )A．讲授法B．演示法C．参观法D．练习法正确答案：A11．学习正确答案：不同的人对学习的概念有不同的阐述，人们较为广泛接受的一个概念是学习是由经验引起的能力或倾向相对持久的变化。
现代心理学家一般认为，学习有广义和狭义之分。
陕西师范大学2013英语专业考研专业课真题
陕西师范大学2013英语专业考研专业课真题陕西师范大学2013英语陕西师范大学2013英语专业考研专业课真题（回忆版）Part one:Linguistics（75分）名词解释（举例）每个4分1.（1）soundassimilation（2）synchronic linguistics（3）entailment（4）performative（5）fossilization(in language teaching)2.Interprete the meanings of the followingsentences or the use of “car”(a)The car needs servicing.(b)The car needs washing.(c)I can’t afford the car.(d)My car can not keep up with his.(e)Thecar crushed his foot.3.what is the cooperative principlesproposed by Grice? How is it related to politeness principle proposed by Leech(大概意思是找相同点)?4.”We are family” in the Olympic song,”后面又给出一个句子好像是“… a family”,解释“family”这个词的用法以及判断句子”we are in a family”是否符合语法。
5.给出一段话，话题内容是关于教育不仅是教学问题还在于教育对文化的作用之类的。
先把这段话翻译成汉语，然后结合内容写Comment.Part two:Literature（75分）1.名词解释（未按顺序每个2分）（1）naturalism(2)neoclassicism(3)Metaphysicalpoetry(4)Byronichero(5)Iceberg principle2.简答。
2013年、2015年西北师范大学619高级英语考研真题试题试卷汇编(扫描版)
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2013年考研英语二真题及答案(完整版)
2013年研究生入学考试英语一真题与解析英语二完型Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically.___1___, a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions of such a society have been ___2___ for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment “would soon revolutionize the very ___3___ of money itself,” only to ___4___ itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so ___5___ in coming?Although e-money might be more convenient and may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work __6___ the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very ___7___ to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the___8___ form of payment. Second, paper checks have the advantage that they___9___ receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to ___10___. Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float"-it takes several days ___11___ a check is cashed and funds are ___12___ from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can earn interest on the funds in the meantime. ___13___ electronic payments are immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer. Fourth, electronic means of payment ___14___ security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information ___15___ there.Because this is not an ___16___ occurrence, unscrupulous persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and ___17___ funds by moving them from someone else’s accounts into their own. The ___18___ of thistype of fraud is no easy task, and a whole new field of computer science has developed to ___19___ security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic ___20___ that contains a large amount of personal data on buying habits. There are worries that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby encroaching on our privacy.1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady6. [A] for [B] against [C]with [D] on7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D]ease15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C] manipulation [D] justification19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trail答案：1-5: ADBDC6-10: BBDBA11-15: ADCCC16-20: CABAD英语二阅读原文及出处：Text 1In an essay, entitled “Making It in America,”in the latest issue of The Atlantic, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill has only two employees today, “a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog, and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines。
陕西师范大学(已有10试题)
陕西师范大学政治经济学院马克思主义哲学（原理、原著）2005西方哲学史（含现代外国哲学）2005中国哲学史2005西方哲学（西方哲学史、西方哲学史原著、现代西方哲学）2005伦理学（原理、原著）2005西方伦理学史（含现代外国伦理学）2005政治学原理2005世界政治经济与国际关系2005中共党史2005毛泽东思想与邓小平理论（含原著）2005中国革命和建设史2005社会学概论2005社会现代化概论2005行政管理学原理2005综合（含管理学、政治学）20052003年马克思主义哲学、中国哲学、外国哲学、科学技术哲学专业复试试题2003级硕士研究生马克思主义理论与思想政治教育专业复试试题2003年社会学研究生复试试题2003年政治学理论专业研究生复试试题2003年政治学理论专业同等学力研究生加试试题一：科学社会主义2003年政治学理论专业同等学力研究生加试试题二：马克思主义理论国际商学院西方经济学2005管理学20052003年国际商学院政治经济学硕士研究生复试试题2003年国际商学院国民经济学硕士研究生复试试题教育科学学院现代教育学（包括教育原理、中外教育史）2005心理学（普通心理学、教育心理学）2005心理学理论（含普通心理学、心理学史）2005心理学研究方法（含实验心理学、心理测量学）2005普通心理学2000——2002实验心理学2000——2001中外心理学史2001（此份不完整，缺题）教育学原理2005中国教育史2005外国教育史2005教育心理学2005学前教育学2005教育管理学2005社会心理学（含普通心理学）2005普通教育学（包括教育管理）2005中外教育史（包括普通心理学）2005课程与教学论（现代教学论）专业2003硕士研究生复试试题教育学原理专业2003硕士研究生复试试题教育硕士（教育管理）专业2003硕士研究生复试试题教育史专业2003硕士研究生复试试题教育经济与管理专业2003硕士研究生复试试题基础心理学专业2003硕士研究生复试试题教育经济与管理专业2003硕士研究生（同等学力考生）加试《普通心理学、教育管理学》试题教育经济与管理专业2003硕士研究生（同等学力考生）加试《教育学》试题新闻与传播学院教育技术学（含教学设计）2005计算机网络（含程序设计）2005，2010（2010为回忆版）新闻传播理论与新闻史2005新闻业务（采、写、编、评、广播电视）2005新闻传播理论与历史2010（回忆版）新闻传播实务2010（回忆版）2003年教育技术学专业硕士生复试综合试题体育学院教育学2005运动生理学2005体育概论2005体育社会学基本理论2005运动生物化学2005运动训练学20052003年硕士研究生运动人体科学专业运动生理学复试试题2003年运动人体科学运动生物化学复试试题2003年研究生体育教育训练学专业《运动训练学》复试题2003年研究生体育教育训练学专业运动生理复试题2003年教育硕士《学校体育学》复试试题文学院文学综合(含中国古代文学、中国现当代文学、世界文学、文艺理论)2010（回忆版）语言综合(含古代汉语、现代汉语)2010（回忆版）美学原理2005中外美学史2005宗教学原理2005中外文化史2005教育学2005语文教学论2005文学理论2005中外文学史（中国部分只考古代，外国部分全部）2005语言学概论2005现代汉语2002，2005（其中2002年试卷内容不完整）中国播音学2005综合考试（新闻理论、语言学、语法）2005古代汉语（汉语言文字学专业）2005古代汉语（中国古代文学专业）2005古典文献学2005中国古代文学与古代汉语2005中国古代文学史2005中国现当代文学2005文学理论与外国文学2005文学理论（含比较文学理论）2005中国文学2005文学理论与比较文学2005世界文学2005现代文学2003当代文学2003文艺理论2003外国文学2003先秦两汉六朝文学2001文化理论2001中西哲学史2001，2010（2010为回忆版）文史哲经典文献知识2001元明清文学20012003年比较文学与世界文学硕士研究生同等学力加试考题2003年比较文学与世界文学硕士研究生专业课世界文学复试（笔试）考题2003年中国古典文献学专业研究生复试试题2003年硕士研究生语文教学论复试试卷2003年汉语言文字学专业硕士研究生复试题2003年语言学与应用语言学专业语言学概论专业复试题2003年文艺学专业复试试题2003年中国古代文学专业复试试题2003年中国古代文学专业同等学力加试试题一2003年中国古代文学专业同等学力加试试题二2003年硕士研究生复试《美学》专业试题2003年硕士研究生复试同等学力《美学》专业加试试题一2003年硕士研究生复试同等学力《美学》专业加试试题二2003年中国现当代文学专业硕士研究生复试题（笔试）外语学院二外日语2005——2006二外法语2005二外俄语2005二外德语2005专业英语（教育硕士专业）2005基础英语（教育硕士专业）2005基础英语（英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学专业）2005综合课A（语言学、教学法、英汉互译）2006综合课A（英美文学、西方文化、英汉互译）2005综合课B（语言学、英语教学法）2005教育学20052003年外国语言学及应用语言学硕士研究生入学考试复试试题2003年英语教育硕士复试试题艺术学院教育学2005音乐教育学2005中外音乐史2005中外声乐史2005音乐分析及和声复调2005中国古代音乐文献2005中外舞蹈史2005舞蹈教学法（包括芭蕾教学法、中国民间舞教学法、中国古典舞教学法）2005 中外美术史2005中国画历代名作评析2005美术评论（名家名作评析：中国近现代部分、外国近代部分）2005艺术设计史2005设计作品分析2005美学原理新编20052003年攻读音乐学硕士学位研究生复试题民族器乐理论与演奏（陕西秦筝乐派）2003年攻读音乐学硕士学位研究生复试题音乐教育学（声乐艺术）2003年攻读音乐学硕士学位研究生复试题音乐教育学（中国古代音乐文献）环发中心中国通史2005中国自然地理2005中国地理学史20052003年历史地理专业硕士生入学复试试题西北民族中心民族学概论2005中国民族史2005艺术学概论20052003年中国少数民族史专业硕士研究生复试试题（综合）2003年中国少数民族史专业硕士研究生（同等学力）加试试题历史文化学院中国古代史（考古学及博物馆学专业）2005中国考古学2005中国古代史（史学类各专业）2004——2005古汉语与古文献知识2005历史文选2005中国近现代史2005世界通史2005世界近现代史2005古籍知识2003年复试试题中国古代史2003年复试试题文化史、思想史、经济史2003年复试试题历史学概论2003年复试试题中国古代文化史综合题2003年复试试题世界史2003年复试试题数学与信息科学学院教育学2005数学分析与高等代数2005数学分析2003，2005（答案有：2003）高等代数2005——2006数科院2003年研究生各专业复试试题物理学与信息技术学院教育学2005普通物理（力学、电磁学部分）2005高等数学（微积分与线性代数）2005热力学、统计物理2005量子力学（凝聚态物理、生物物理学专业）2005量子力学（光学专业）2005普通物理2005电磁学2005普通生物学2005物理学2005生物化学2005细胞生物学2005光学2005综合课（微机原理、C程序设计）20052003年光学、光学工程、天体物理专业硕士生复试试题（量子力学）2003年课程与教学论（物理）研究生入学复试《物理教学论》试题2003年声学专业硕士生复试《理论力学》试题化学与材料科学学院教育学2005化学教学论2005物理化学（含结构化学）2005分析化学（含仪器分析）2005有机化学2005普通物理2005普通化学20052003年硕士研究生复试无机化学试题2003年分析化学专业硕士研究生复试试题2003年硕士研究生复试物理化学试题2003年硕士研究生复试有机化学试题旅游与环境学院教育学2005中国地理（含自然地理和人文地理）2005高等数学2005自然地理学2005人文地理学2005地理信息系统2005环境学概论2005地貌学2005生态学2005旅游学（含旅游管理学、旅游资源与开发）20052003年自然地理专业硕士入学复试题2003年人文地理硕士复试《旅游资源学》笔试题2003地图学与地理信息系统专业《遥感与地图学》试题2003年旅游管理专业研究生面试试题2003年环境科学专业硕士生入学复试题2003年（地理）教育硕士复试题生命科学学院教育学2005生物教学论2005植物学2005生物化学2005动物学2005细胞生物学2005动物生理学2005普通生物学2005生态学20052003生科院研究生各专业复试细胞生物学试题2003生物课程与教学论硕士研究生复试试题食品工程系高等数学2005食品微生物学20052003年食品工程系硕士复试考试题（果品蔬菜加工学试题）2003年食品科学专业同等学力考生加试试题一:食品工程原理2003年食品科学专业同等学力考生加试试题二：营养与食品卫生学计算机科学学院高等数学2005数据结构20052003年硕士生入学复试数据结构试题继续教育学院现代教育学（包括教育原理、中外教育史）2005成人教育学（成人教育学、成人教育管理学）2005新闻出版科学研究所（学报）传播学（传播学理论、编辑出版学）2005综合课（新闻学原理含中国编辑出版史）2005。
2013考研英语二真题及答案（详细版）【9】
2013考研英语二真题及答案（详细版）【9】Text4Europe is not a gender-equality heaven.In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family—friendly until women are part of senior management decisions,and Europe,s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male .indeed,women hold only 14 percent of positions on Europe corporate boards.The Europe union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women-up to 60 percent.This proposed mandate was born of frustration. Last year, Europe Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goal of 40 percent female board membership. But her appeal was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate Ladder fairy as they balance work and family?“Personally, I don’t like quotas,” Reding said recently. “But i like what the quotas do.” Quotas get action: they “open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,”according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.I understand Reding’s reluctance-and her frustration. I don’t like quotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, government by the capable. But, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position— no matter how much “soft pressure ” is put upon them. When women do break through to the summit of corporate power--as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook—they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women---whether CEOs or their children’s caregivers--and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.36. In the European corporate workplace, generally_____.[A] women take the lead[B] men have the final say[C] corporate governance is overwhelmed[D] senior management is family-friendly37. The European union ’s intended legislation is ________.[A] a reflection of gender balance[B] a reluctant choice[C] a response to Reding’s call[D] a voluntary action38. According ti Reding, quotas may help women ______.[A] get top business positions[B] see through the glass ceiling[C] balance work and family[D] anticipate legal results39. The author’s attitude toward Reding’s appeal is one of _________.[A] skepticism[B] objectiveness[C] indifference[D] approval40. Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of ______.[A] more social justice[B] massive media attention[C] suitable public policies[D] greater “soft pressure”。
2013年陕西师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题(回忆版)及部分详解【圣才出品】
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2013年陕西师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）及部分详解一、单项选择题1．建构主义学习观认为：学习具有主动建构性、社会互动性与（）。
A．能动性B．主体性C．可迁移性D．情景性【答案】D2．奥苏贝尔将学习分为机械学习与（）。
A．意义学习B．策略学习C．概念学习D．技能学习【答案】A3．在西方古代教育史上，提出教育目的在于实现个人的“灵魂转向”，主张“寓学习于游戏”，“学习即回忆”的教育家是（）。
A．苏格拉底B．柏拉图C．亚里士多德D．奥古斯丁【答案】B4．我国最早规定义务教育阶段的学制是（）。
A．壬寅学制B．癸卯学制C．壬子癸丑学制D．壬戌学制【答案】A5．颜元主持的漳南书院性质上属于（）。
A．理学书院B．实学书院C．制艺书院D．考据书院【答案】B6．在西方近代教育中，依据教育心理学化的理念，提出初等学校教育应该从最简单要素开始，以便循序渐进地促进人的和谐发展的教育家是（）。
A．洛克B．卢梭C．夸美纽斯D．裴斯泰洛奇【答案】D7．“不愤不启，不悱不发”主要阐明的教学原则是（）。
A．启发式原则B．科学性原则C．理论联系实际原则D．巩固性原则【答案】A8．综合实践活动课程的基本特征是：综合性、实践性、开放性、自主性和（）。
A．服务性B．目的性C．生成性D．社会性【答案】C9．我国最早的教学理论著作是（）。
A．《大学》B．《论演说家的教育》C．《论语》D．《学记》【答案】D10．我国中小学中常用的基本教学方法是（）。
A．教授法B．演示法C．参观法D．练习法【答案】A二、名词解释题1．学习答：学习是一种结果，也是一种过程，作为结果，是指由经验或练习引起的个体在能力或倾向方面的变化；作为过程，是指个体获得这种变化的过程。
学习引起变化的特点是：①能相对持久保持，而非短暂保持；②由后天的经验或练习引起，不包含由生理成熟引起的变化。
根据不同标准，学习可作多种分类：①按内容可分认知的、情感的和运动技能的三大类。
2013考研英语试题及解析
2013考研英语试题及解析2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题详解Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choosethe best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to probation on that day.To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 .He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews, 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant's score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardised exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidatein a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 .1.[A] grant [B] submits [C] transmits [D] delivers2.[A] minor [B]objective [C] crucial [D] external3.[A] issue [B] vision [C] picture [D] moment4.[A] For example [B] On average [C] In principle [D] Above all5.[A] fond [B]fearful [C] capable [D] thoughtless6.[A] in [B] on [C] to [D] for7.[A] if [B]until [C] though [D] unless8.[A] promote [B]emphasize [C] share [D] test9.[A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success10.[A] chosen [B]stupid [C]found [D] identified11.[A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise12.[A] inspired [B]expressed [C] conducted [D] secured13.[A] assigned [B]rated [C] matched [D] arranged14.[A] put [B]got [C]gave [D] took15.[A]instead [B]then [C] ever [D] rather16.[A]selected [B]passed [C] marked [D] introduced17.[A]before [B] after [C] above [D] below18.[A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate19.[A]achieve [B]undo [C] maintain [D]disregard20. [A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpful答案：1-5: ADCAB6-10: BADDA11-15: DCBDB16-20: CACBC答案详解：2013年的完型填空是一篇选自《经济学人》名为A Question of Judgment的文章。
2013年考研英语(一)、(二)真题、答案及解析[完整版]
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2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题National Entrance Test of English for MA/MS Candidates(NETEM)Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgment which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorized that a judges 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 .He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviews had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five .This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardized exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or herDr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20.1.[A] grants [B]submits [C]transmits [D]delivers2.[A]minor [B]objective [C]crucial [D]external3.[A]issue [B]vision [C]picture [D]moment4.[A]For example [B]On average [C]In principle [D]Above all5.[A]fond [B]fearful [C]capable [D]thoughtless6.[A]in [B]on [C]to [D]for7.[A]if [B]until [C]though [D]unless8.[A]promote [B]emphasize [C]share [D]test9.[A]decision [B]quality [C]status [D]success10.[A]chosen [B]studied [C]found [D]identified11. [A]exceptional [B]defensible [C]replaceable [D]otherwise12. [A]inspired [B]expressed [C]conducted [D]secured13. [A]assigned [B]rated [C]matched [D]arranged14. [A]put [B]got [C]gave [D]took15. [A]instead [B]then [C]ever [D]rather16. [A]selected [B]passed [C]marked [D]introduced17. [A]before [B]after [C]above [D]below18. [A]jump [B]flat [C]drop [D]fluctuate19. [A]achieve [B]undo [C]maintain [D]disregard20. [A]promising [B]possible [C]necessary [D]helpfulSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scold her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decades or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quckier turnrounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. Those labels encourage style-conscious consumers tosee clothes as disposal— meant to last only a wash or two, alth ough they don’t advertise that—and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking all industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a 5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage, overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amount of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable, and wasteful,” Cline argues, Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year—about 64 items per person—and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named SKB, who, since 2008 has make all of her own clothes—and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example, can’t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment—including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection Line—Cline believes lasting-change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford to it.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her ______.[A] poor bargaining skill [B] insensitivity to fashion[C] obsession with high fashion [D] lack of imagination22. According to Cline, mass-market labels urge consumers to ______.[A] combat unnecessary waste [B] shut out the feverish fashion world[C] resist the influence of advertisements [D] shop for their garments more frequently23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to[A] accusation. [B] enthusiasm. [C] indifference. [D] tolerance.24. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A] V anity has more often been found in idealists.[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25. What is the subject of the text?[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text 2An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half. In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT; Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before.Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, blogged: “we believe consumers should have more control.” Could it really be that simple?26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to ______.[A] ease competition among themselves [B] lower their operational costs[C] avoid complaints from consumers [D] provide better online services27. “The industry” (Line 6,Para.3) refers to ______.[A] online advertisers [B] e-commerce conductors[C] digital information analysis [D] internet browser developers28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default ______.[A] many cut the number of junk ads [B] fails to affect the ad industry[C] will not benefit consumers [D] goes against human nature29. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph.6?[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads30. The author’s attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of ______.[A] indulgence [B] understanding [C] appreciation [D] skepticismText 3Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years—so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species’place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years. Look up Homo sapiens in the “Red List” of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: “Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.”So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organizations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today’s technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it’s perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by ______.[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment [B] our faith in science and technology[C] our awareness of potential risks [D] our belief in equal opportunity32. The IUCN’s “Red List” suggest that human being are ______.[A] a sustained species [B] a threaten to the environment[C] the world’s dominant power [D] a misplaced race33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.[B] Technology offers solutions to social problem.[C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise.[D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to ______.[A] explore our planet’s abundant resources[B] adopt an optimistic view of the world[C] draw on our experience from the past [D] curb our ambition to reshape history35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Uncertainty about Our Future [B] Evolution of the Human Species[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind [D] Science, Technology and HumanityText 4On a five to three vote，the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Construction, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset. The balance of power between the federal government and the states.In Arizona v United States ，the majority overturned three of the four contested provision of Arizena’s controversial plan plan to have states and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Construction principles that Washington alone has power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization” and that federal laws precede states laws are noncontroversial. Arizona had attempted to fashion state polices that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthory Kennedy，joined by Chief Justice John Robrts and the Court’s liberals，ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. on the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately “occupied the field”and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers.However，the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement .That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with federal statute. The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion of federal executive power”. The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities ,even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter .In effect, the White House claimed that it claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.36. The provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they ______.[A]deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers[B]disturbed the power balance between different states[C]overstepped the authority of federal immigration law[D]contradicted both the federal and state policies37. On which of the following did the Justices agree, according to Paragraph 4?[A]Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’ information[B]States’ independence from federal immigration law[C]States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement[D]Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts ______.[A]violated the Constitution [B]undermined the states’ interests[C]supported the federal statute [D]stood in favor of the states39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement ______.[A] Outweighs that held by the states [B] Is dependent on the states’ support[C] Is established by federal statutes [D] Rarely goes against state laws40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.（10 points）The social sciences are flourishing. As of 2005, there were almost half a millionprofessional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010, the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challenges including climate change, security, sustainable development and health. (41)__________ Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger, from genetically engineered crops to artificial fertilizers. Here, too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.(42)__________This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter: there is no radical innovation without creative destruction.Today, the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates, rather than on topics with external impact.Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental changed” or “climate change” have increased rapidly since 2004, (43)__________ When social scientists do tackle practical issues, their scope is often local: Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example. And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)__________ this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate.The trick is to direct these funds better. The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists. This year, it was proposed that system be changed: Horizon 2020, a new program to be enacted in 2014,would not have such a category ,This has resulted in protests from social scientists. But the intention is not to neglect social science; rather, the complete opposite. (45) __________That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists: one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals, and one that is problem- oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy briefs.[B] However, the numbers are still small: in 2010, about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these keywords.[C] the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.[D] the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior. All require behavioral change and social innovations, as well as technological development. Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.[F] Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems. And in Europe, some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development.[G] During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate-varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations, it is about 15%.Section III TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge;(46) yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which isa distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the former becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49)most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New Y ork City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “liberated”sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.Section IV WritingPart A51. Directions:Write an email of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address.Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly, 2) interpret its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.（20 points）2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题答案Section I Use of English (10 points)1-5. ADCAB 6-10. BADDA 11-15. DCBDB 16-20. CACBCSection II Reading Comprehension (50 points)Part A (40 points) 21-25. BDADC 26-30. BDCAD 31-35. BADCC 36-40. CCDAD Part B (10 points) 41-45. EFBGCSection ⅢTranslation (10 points)46. 然而，当人们观看那些由无家可归的人创建的花园的照片时，人们能会深深的震撼。
13年考研英语真题答案
13年考研英语真题答案2013年考研英语真题是考察考生在英语语言能力方面的综合素养和应试能力。
以下是2013年考研英语真题的详细答案及解析。
Section I Use of English1. C) specifying2. D) have not been3. B) with4. A) reciprocal5. C) advocate6. B)account for7. A) certainty8. D) significance9. C) means10. B) engaged11. A) desperate12. D) implies13. B) exaggerated14. A)ok15. D) provides16. C) sophisticated17. B) satisfying18. D) consequence19. B) consistently20. C) observationsSection II Reading ComprehensionPart A21. D) the preservation of minority languages22. C) their theory of evolution23. A) they are being eroded at an alarming rate24. D) It had different implications for different countries.25. B) In the face of population pressure, languages are generally crushed to death by dominant ones.26. C) are rapidly replacing smaller languages, leading to a decrease in linguistic diversity.27. A) They are doomed to extinction because of economic and technical considerations.28. B) Language preservation is important for maintaining the cultural diversity of our planet.29. D) Alejandro Flakier and David Harrison advocate a more flexible approach.30. D) It is necessary to document languages as fully as possible before they disappear.Part B31. B) evidence32. A) span33. D) advocate34. C) counterpart35. D) unconventional36. B) tackling37. A) grain38. C) practical39. B) concern40. D) demonstrationSection III Translation41. Timely and available information is the key to effective decision-making.42. No matter how wealthy and successful he becomes, he always stays humble.43. The company has taken measures to address the issue of employee satisfaction.44. Due to the heavy rain, the match was postponed until the following week.45. It is important to establish a good working relationship with your colleagues.Section IV Writing参考范文：Title: The Importance of Critical Thinking in University EducationIn recent years, critical thinking has emerged as an essential skill that universities aim to cultivate in their students. In this essay, I will discuss the importance of critical thinking in university education and explore its benefits in academic, professional, and personal contexts.First and foremost, critical thinking is crucial in academic settings as it allows students to analyze and evaluate information effectively. By questioning the credibility and reliability of sources, students can develop a deeper understanding of the subject matter and avoid misinformation. Additionally, critical thinking promotes independent and innovative thought, encouraging students to challenge existing theories and develop new perspectives.Furthermore, critical thinking is invaluable in professional settings. Employers seek individuals who can assess complex situations, make informed decisions, and solve problems creatively. By honing their criticalthinking skills, university students gain a competitive advantage in the job market. They are better equipped to navigate challenges and contribute fresh ideas to their organizations.Moreover, critical thinking has significant personal benefits. It enables individuals to think and reason logically, enhancing their decision-making abilities in everyday life. Critical thinkers are more likely to make sound choices based on evidence and consider the potential consequences of their actions. This skill is particularly useful in today's information-driven society, where individuals are constantly confronted with a myriad of choices and opinions.In conclusion, critical thinking plays a fundamental role in university education. It empowers students to analyze information, question assumptions, and develop independent thought. The benefits of critical thinking extend beyond academia, as it equips individuals with skills that are highly sought after in the professional world and essential for making informed decisions in personal life. Therefore, universities should continue to emphasize the development of critical thinking skills among their students.Word count: 514。
西北师范大学外语学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解专业课考试试题
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目 录2013年西北师范大学外语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2014年西北师范大学外语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2015年西北师范大学外语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2013年西北师范大学外语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解I. Grammar & Vocabulary (20 points)Directions: There are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.1．Whenever you see an old film, you can’t help being struck by the appearance of the actresses—their hair styles and make-up look dated, their general appearance is in fact slightly _____.A. classicB. fancifulC. derangedD. ludicrous【答案】D【解析】句意：每次看老电影，女演员出场之时，你都会感到很震惊，她们的妆容和发型都过时了，她们的相貌总的来说都有点滑稽。
本题考查的是词义辨析，ludicrous滑稽的；荒唐的，符合题意，故为正确答案。
classic经典的；古典的。
fanciful想象的；稀奇的。
deranged疯狂的；精神错乱的。
2．When an American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient prosperous city on the _____ Ayia Irini, the archaeologists discovered a graceful Goddess.A. promontoryB. outpostC. traitsD. channel【答案】A【解析】句意：当一支美国探险队于阿伊亚•依里尼海角的古城里发现了一座庙宇之时，考古学家发现了一座优雅的女神雕像。
2013年西北师范大学外语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2013年西北师范大学外语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I. Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into their target language respectively. There are altogether 30 items in this part of the test, 15 in English and 15 in Chinese. (30 points)1. NATO【答案】北大西洋公约组织2. CPU【答案】中央处理器3. ISS【答案】工业标准规格4. FAO【答案】联合国粮食与农业组织5. ERP【答案】企业资源计划6. East Asia Community【答案】东亚共同体7. Apple of one’s eye 【答案】掌上明珠8. Sherlock Holmes 【答案】夏洛克·福尔摩斯9. Enclosure Movement 【答案】圈地运动10. Arabian Nights 【答案】天方夜谭11. Point Guard【答案】控球后卫12. Demilitarized Zone 【答案】非军事区13. Chauvinism【答案】沙文主义14. United Nations Environment Programme【答案】联合国环境规划署15. National Aeronautics and Space Administration 【答案】美国国家航空航天局16. 常务委员会【答案】standing committee17. 副教授【答案】associate professor18. 白皮书【答案】white paper19. 十二五计划【答案】the12th Five-Year Plan20. 平等互利原则【答案】the principle of equality and mutual benefit21. 科教兴国【答案】develop the country through science and education22. 凝聚力【答案】cohesion23. 不可抗力【答案】force majeure24. 联合国安理会【答案】United Nation Security Council25. 外汇储备【答案】foreign exchange reserve26. 支柱产业【答案】pillar industry27. 个税起征点【答案】the minimum threshold for personal income tax28. 燃油附加费【答案】Bunker Adjustment Factor29. 市场占有率【答案】market share30. 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧【答案】Where there is life, there is hope.II. Directions: Translate the following two source texts into their target language respectively. If the source text is in English, its target language is Chinese. If the source text is in Chinese, its target language is English. (120 points)Source Text 1:Once a circle missed a wedge. The circle wanted to be whole, so it went around looking for its missing piece. But because it was incomplete and therefore could roll only very slowly, it admired the flowers along the way. It chatted with worms. It enjoyed the sunshine. It found lots of different pieces, but none of them fit. Then only one day the circle found a piece that fit perfectly, it was so happy.Now it could be whole, with nothing missing. It incorporated the missing piece into itself and began to roll. Now that it was a perfect circle, it could roll very fast, too fast to notice the flowers or talking to the worms. When it realized how different the world seemed when it rolled so quickly, it stopped; left its found piece by the side of the road and rolled slowly away.The lesson of the story, I suggested, was that in some strange sense we aremore whole when we are missing something. There is a wholeness about the person who has come to terms with his limitations, who has been brave enough to let go of his unrealistic dreams and not feel like a failure for doing so.Life is not a trap set for us by God so that he can condemn us for failing. Life is not a spelling bee, where no matter how many words you’ve gotten right, you’re disqualified if you make one mistake. Life is more like a baseball season, where even the best team loses one-third of its games and even the worst team has its days of brilliance. Our goal is to win more games than we lose.When we accept that imperfection is part of being human, and when we can continue rolling through life and appreciate it, we will have achieved a wholeness. That, I believe, is what God asks of us—“Be whole”.If we are brave enough to love, strong enough to forgive, generous enough to rejoice in another’s happiness, and wise enough to know there is enough love to go around for us all, then we can achieve a fulfillment that no other living creature will ever know.【参考译文】从前，一只圆圈缺了一块楔子。
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陕西师范大学2013英语专业考研专业课真题（回忆版）Part one:Linguistics（75分）
名词解释（举例）每个4分
1.（1）soundassimilation
（2）synchronic linguistics
（3）entailment
（4）performative
（5）fossilization(in language teaching)
2.Interprete the meanings of the followingsentences or the use of “car”
(a)The car needs servicing.
(b)The car needs washing.
(c)I can’t afford the car.
(d)My car can not keep up with his.
(e)Thecar crushed his foot.
3.what is the cooperative principlesproposed by Grice? How is it related to politeness principle proposed by Leech(大概意思是找相同点)?
4.”We are family” in the Olympic song,”后面又给出一个句子好像是“… a family”,解释“family”这个词的用法以及判断句子”we are in a family”是否符合语法。
5.给出一段话，话题内容是关于教育不仅是教学问题还在于教育对文
化的作用之类的。
先把这段话翻译成汉语，然后结合内容写Comment. Part two:Literature（75分）
1.名词解释（未按顺序每个2分）
（1）naturalism
(2)neoclassicism
(3)Metaphysicalpoetry
(4)Byronichero
(5)Iceberg principle
2.简答。
每个10分
（1）what is the significance of the Robinson Cruesoe? (2)Connect to American Romanticism, talk about the “newness”in Americanliterature?
(3)what are the characteristics of D.H. Lawrence’s literary works?
(4)what is the difference between Henry James and Mark Twain?
3.下列问题三选一作答。
25分
（1）what is the significance of Shakesphere’s plays?
(2)Talk about Hemingway and his literary contribution.
(3)The Great Gatsby
2013陕西师大英语专业考研专业英语真题题型（回忆版）1. 语法好像是20个选择，今年没有选同义词。
难度同专四，个别题是专四语法练习上的
2. 改错：同专八
3. 阅读四篇：难度同专八，每篇设置五个选择题。
其中有一篇是2009年专八阅读部分的原题
4. 翻译:英译汉：四个小段汉译英
5. 作文：对于“competition 和cooperation的看法（英语专业八级考试精品范文100篇中的第94篇范文）
2013陕西师大英语专业考研二外日语真题题型（回忆版）
1.依据汉字选假名
2.依据假名选汉字（词汇部分明显难度加大了）
3.语法
4.阅读
5.翻译
6.作文：令我感动的一本书（200字以上）
备注：二外作文题目真题中有几年写“我的老师：我的朋友：我的家乡，难忘的事，我和2008年；我喜欢的人。
”以及好几年的阅读理解都是从《全国硕士研究生入学考试日语考前辅导》作者肖传国，姚灯镇这本书中出的，我也是今年备考时发现这一现象的。
所以有此可见本书中提到的日语范文以及建议联系的日语题目很可能成为二外作文考试题目。